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Kang DJ, Tazoe H. Impacts of soil type and drought stress on growth and cesium accumulation in Napier grass. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:235. [PMID: 38849625 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In our previous study, the decontamination efficiency of cesium-137 (137Cs) by Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) in the field was shown to be variable and often influenced by natural environmental factors. To elucidate the factors influencing this variable 137Cs-decontamination efficiency, we investigated the influences of soil type and drought stress on Cs accumulation using cesium-133 (133Cs) in Napier grass grown in plastic containers. The experiment was performed using two soil types (Soil A and B) and three different soil moisture conditions: well-watered control (CL), slight drought stress (SD), and moderate drought stress (MD). Overall, our results indicate that soil type and drought have a significant impact on plant growth and 133Cs accumulation in Napier grass. Plant height (PH), tiller number (TN), leaf width (Wleaf), and dry matter weight of aboveground parts (DWabove) and root parts (DWroot) in Soil B were greater than those in Soil A. Drought stress negatively affected chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem (PS) II photochemistry and potential activity of PS II), PH, TN, Wleaf, DWabove, DWroot, and total 133Cs content (TCs), but it had a positive effect on 133Cs concentration. The 133Cs concentration in the aboveground parts (Csabove) was increased by MD approximately 1.62-fold in Soil A and 1.11-fold in Soil B compared to each CL counterpart. The TCs in the aboveground parts (TCsabove) decreased due to drought by approximately 19.9%-39.0% in Soil A and 49.9%-62.7% in Soil B; however, there was no significant effect on TCsabove due to soil type. The results of this study indicate that soil moisture is a key factor in maintaining Napier grass 137Cs-decontamination efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Kang
- Teaching and Research Center for Bio-coexistence, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Gosyogawara, 037-0202, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
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Pervin S, Kabir MM, Dewan MJ, Khandaker MU, Yeasmin S. Evaluation of radioactivity concentration in farm fresh milk and concomitant dose to consumer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30454. [PMID: 38742056 PMCID: PMC11089316 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in 28 raw milk samples collected from different dairy farms in Dhaka city of Bangladesh were measured using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector for the first time. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the investigated fresh milk samples ranged from BDL (Below detection level) to 26 ± 1.6 Bq/kg, BDL to 11.7 ± 3.3 Bq/kg and 101 ± 17 to 384 ± 32 Bq/kg, respectively. No artificial radionuclides were found in the investigated samples. Present results show inline within the range of available data in the literature. Annual committed effective doses were estimated following the consumption characteristics of raw milk by city population, values are found within the limiting range recommended by international organizations due to consumption of foodstuffs. Additionally, real-time gamma-ray dose rate in the farms/sampling locations was found in the range of 0.12 ± 0.01-0.20 ± 0.01 μSv/h by using a digital gamma survey meter (Gamma Scout) and the calculated maximum annual effective dose due to outdoor absorbed dose was found to be 0.25 mSv/y, which shows lower than the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) recommended limit of 2.4 mSv/y. This study indicates that the concentration of radionuclides in the farm fresh milk of Dhaka city does not pose any unwanted risk to public health, and it is safe to consume by both children and adults with the current intake level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Pervin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Bangladesh
| | - Md Minhaz Kabir
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jafor Dewan
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Selina Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Bangladesh
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Adewoyin OO, Omeje M, Omonhinmin C, Nwinyi O, Arijaje T, Ayanbisi O. Assessment of Radium Equivalent Activity and Total Annual Effective Dose in Cassava cultivated around Ewekoro Cement Factory. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100160. [PMID: 37699509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cassava tubers cultivated in the Ewekoro cement area were investigated with the aid of Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) detector in order to assess the radionuclide content. Twenty-seven (27) samples of both arable soil and cassava tubers were studied at different sites to the epicenter of the mining activity. The results revealed the highest activity concentrations of K-40, Ra-226, and Th-232 to be 194.10, 63.92, and 76.90 Bq/kg, respectively, in soil to be at site 1, which was 50 m away from the cement mining site. Similarly, cassava reported the highest activity concentrations of 228.15 and 81.50 Bq/kg for K-40 and Ra-226, respectively, at sites 2, which was 150 m away from the mining site. However, the highest value of Th-232 in cassava was noted in site 1. Also, the highest values of Raeq for arable soil and cassava tubers were estimated to be 188.84 Bq/kg and 199.89 Bq/kg at site 1 and site 2, respectively. All the above results were higher than the recommended safe limits by a factor of 2. Moreover, the Total Annual Effective Dose of exposure by oral ingestion of cassava tubers for different age groups revealed children to have the highest level of exposure with the highest mean value of 7.98 mSv. This is followed by adults and infants, which reported 5.66 and 5.38 mSv, respectively, all at site 2. This result is far greater than the recommended safe limits of 1 mSv. Therefore, the results of the total averages of annual effective doses due to consumption of the three natural radionuclides in cassava tubers and other products from it by adults, children, and infants were found to be above the average annual ingestion radiation dose due to natural sources. Further statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences between sites 1 and 2 and between sites 1 and 3, where there was no statistically significant difference between sites 2 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun O Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Maxwell Omeje
- Department of Physics, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Conrad Omonhinmin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Obinna Nwinyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Theophilus Arijaje
- Department of Physics, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasegun Ayanbisi
- Department of Physics, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Saudi HA, Abedelkader HT, Issa SAM, Diab HM, Alharshan GA, Uosif MAM, Bashter II, Ene A, Ghazaly ME, Zakaly HMH. An In-Depth Examination of the Natural Radiation and Radioactive Dangers Associated with Regularly Used Medicinal Herbs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138124. [PMID: 35805783 PMCID: PMC9266100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The specific activity of U-238 and Th-232, as well as K-40 radionuclides, in twenty-nine investigated medicinal herbs used in Egypt has been measured using a high-purity germanium (HP Ge) detector. The measured values ranged from the BDL to 20.71 ± 1.52 with a mean of 7.25 ± 0.54 (Bq kg−1) for uranium-238, from the BDL to 29.35 ± 1.33 with a mean of 7.78 ± 0.633 (Bq kg−1) for thorium-232, and from 172 ± 5.85 to 1181.2 ± 25.5 with a mean of 471.4 ± 11.33 (Bq kg−1) for potassium-40. Individual herbs with the highest activity levels were found to be 20.71 ± 1.52 (Bq kg−1) for uranium-238 (H4, Thyme herb), 29.35 ± 1.33 (Bq kg−1) for thorium-232 (H20, Cinnamon), and 1181.2 ± 25.5 (Bq kg−1) for potassium-40 (H24, Worm-wood). (AACED) Ingestion-related effective doses over the course of a year of uranium-238 and thorium-232, as well as potassium-40 estimated from measured activity concentrations, are 0.002304 ± 0.00009 (minimum), 0.50869 ± 0.0002 (maximum), and 0.0373 ± 0.0004 (average)(mSv/yr). Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE), absorbed gamma dose rate (Doutdoor, Dindoor), gamma representative level index (I), annual effective dose (AEDtotal), external and internal hazard index (Hex, Hin), and excess lifetime cancer risk were determined in medicinal plants (ELCR). The radiological hazards assessment revealed that the investigated plant species have natural radioactivity levels that are well within the internationally recommended limit. This is the first time that the natural radioactivity of therapeutic plants has been measured in Egypt. In addition, no artificial radionuclide (for example, 137Cs) was discovered in any of the samples. Therefore, the current findings are intended to serve as the foundation for establishing a standard safety and guideline for using these therapeutic plants in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Saudi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Heba T. Abedelkader
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (H.T.A.); (I.I.B.)
| | - Shams A. M. Issa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt; (S.A.M.I.); (M.A.M.U.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M. Diab
- National Center for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt;
| | - Gharam A. Alharshan
- Physics Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint, Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. M. Uosif
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt; (S.A.M.I.); (M.A.M.U.)
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim I. Bashter
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (H.T.A.); (I.I.B.)
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- INPOLDE Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (H.M.H.Z.)
| | - M. El Ghazaly
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Hesham M. H. Zakaly
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt; (S.A.M.I.); (M.A.M.U.)
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (H.M.H.Z.)
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Kubo K, Kobayashi H, Nitta M, Takenaka S, Nasuda S, Fujimura S, Takagi K, Nagata O, Ota T, Shinano T. Variations in radioactive cesium accumulation in wheat germplasm from fields affected by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3744. [PMID: 32111908 PMCID: PMC7048790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing the transfer of radioactive cesium (RCs) from soil to crops has been important since the deposition of RCs in agricultural soil owing to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident of 2011. We investigated the genotypic variation in RCs accumulation in 234 and 198 hexaploid wheat (Triticum spp.) varieties in an affected field in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The effects of soil exchangeable potassium (ExK) content to RCs accumulation in wheat varieties were also evaluated. A test field showed fourfold differences in soil ExK contents based on location, and the wheat varieties grown in areas with lower soil ExK contents tended to have higher grain RCs concentrations. RCs concentrations of shoots, when corrected by the soil ExK content, were positively significantly correlated between years, and RCs concentrations of shoots were significantly correlated with the grain RCs concentration corrected by the soil ExK content. These results indicated that there were genotypic variations in RCs accumulation. The grain to shoot ratio of RCs also showed significant genotypic variation. Wheat varieties with low RCs accumulations were identified. They could contribute to the research and breeding of low RCs accumulating wheat and to agricultural production in the area affected by RCs deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katashi Kubo
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
- Biodiversity Division, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nitta
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shotaro Takenaka
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Setaoe-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nasuda
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeto Fujimura
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takagi
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Osamu Nagata
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ota
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
- Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, NARO, 8 Higashida-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0005, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinano
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
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Burger A, Lichtscheidl I. Stable and radioactive cesium: A review about distribution in the environment, uptake and translocation in plants, plant reactions and plants' potential for bioremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1459-1485. [PMID: 29122347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Radiocesium in water, soil, and air represents a severe threat to human health and the environment. It either acts directly on living organisms from external sources, or it becomes incorporated through the food chain, or both. Plants are at the base of the food chain; it is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms of plants for cesium retention and uptake. In this review we summarize investigations about sources of stable and radioactive cesium in the environment and harmful effects caused by internal and external exposure of plants to radiocesium. Uptake of cesium into cells occurs through molecular mechanisms such as potassium and calcium transporters in the plasma membrane. In soil, bioavailability of cesium depends on the chemical composition of the soil and physical factors such as pH, temperature and tilling as well as on environmental factors such as soil microorganisms. Uptake of cesium occurs also from air through interception and absorption on leaves and from water through the whole submerged surface. We reviewed information about reducing cesium in the vegetation by loss processes, and we extracted transfer factors from the available literature and give an overview over the uptake capacities of 72 plants for cesium from the substratum to the biomass. Plants with high uptake potential could be used to remediate soil and water from radiocesium by accumulation and rhizofiltration. Inside plants, cesium distributes fast between the different plant organs and cells, but cesium in soil is extremely stable and remains for decades in the rhizosphere. Monitoring of contaminated soil therefore has to continue for many decades, and edible plants grown on such soil must continuously be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burger
- University of Vienna, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Irene Lichtscheidl
- University of Vienna, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Win KT, Oo AZ, Bellingrath-Kimura SD. Influence of soil types and osmotic pressure on growth and 137Cs accumulation in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 169-170:98-103. [PMID: 28110201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil types and osmotic levels on growth and 137Cs accumulation in two blackgram varieties differing in salinity tolerance grown in Fukushima contaminated soils. The contamination levels of the sandy clay loam and clay soil were 1084 and 2046 Bq kg-1 DW, respectively. The 137Cs activity was higher in both plants grown on the sandy clay loam than on the clay soil regardless of soil 137Cs activity concentration. No significant differences were observed in all measured growth parameters between the two varieties under optimal water conditions for both types of soil. However, the growth, leaf water contents and 137Cs activity concentrations in both plants were lower in both soil types when there was water stress induced by addition of polyethylene glycol. Water stress-induced reduction in total leaf area and total biomass, in addition to leaf relative water content, were higher in salt sensitive 'Mut Pe Khaing To' than in salt tolerant 'U-Taung-2' plants for both soil types. Varietal difference in decreased 137Cs uptake under water stress was statically significant in the sandy clay loam soil, however, it was not in the clay soil. The transfer of 137Cs from soil to plants (i.e., root, stem and leaf) was higher for the sandy clay loam for both plants when compared with those of the clay soil. The decreased activity of 137Cs in the above ground samples (leaf and stem) in both plants in response to osmotic stress suggested that plant available 137Cs decreased when soil water is limited by osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thuzar Win
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Aung Zaw Oo
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Singh M, Garg VK, Gautam YP, Kumar A. Soil to rice grain transfer factor and radiological dose of 137Cs and 90Sr around Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS), Narora, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sreenivasa Chari M, Manjaiah KM, Sachdev P, Sachdev MS. 134Cs transfer factors to green gram and soybean as influenced by waste mica. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 104:46-54. [PMID: 22115435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse pot culture experiment was carried out to study the (134)Cs transfer factors from soils to green gram and soybean as influenced by waste mica application (@ 0, 10, 20, 40 g mica kg(-1) soil) and compared with muriate of potash (MOP) application (0.17 g kg(-1) soil). For the study, the soils were contaminated with (134)Cs radionuclide @ 37 kBq kg(-1) soil. The shoot biomass and K uptake by crops were significantly improved with waste mica application (@ 40 g kg(-1) soil). Compared to control, waste mica and MOP application significantly improved the yield, K content in plant and its uptake. Amongst the soils, crops grown in vertisol recorded higher shoot biomass compared to inceptisol and ultisol. Irrespective of the treatments, higher (134)Cs transfer factors were seen in ultisol (0.30) as compared to inceptisol (0.16) and vertisol (0.13). It was observed that higher the K concentration in soil and plant, lowered (134)Cs transfer to green gram and soybean. The study recommended that waste mica @ 20 g kg(-1) would be useful for checking the (134)Cs transfer factors from soils to green gram and soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sreenivasa Chari
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Ramadan KA, Seddeek MK, Nijim A, Sharshar T, Badran HM. Radioactivity of sand, groundwater and wild plants in northeast Sinai, Egypt. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2011; 47:456-469. [PMID: 22092101 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2011.633165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The radioactivity levels are poorly studied in non-coastal arid regions. For this reason, 38 locations covering an area of about 350 km(2) in northeast Sinai, Egypt, were investigated by γ-ray spectroscopy. Moderately significant correlations among (238)U, (234)Th, and (226)Ra isotopes and low significant correlations between the concentrations of (238)U-series and (232)Th in sand were obtained. No evidence of correlation was found between the concentrations of radioisotopes and pH, grain size, total organic matter content, bicarbonate or calcium carbonate concentrations of the sand samples. The mean values of soil-to-plant transfer factor were 0.15, 0.18, 1.52 and 0.74 for (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K, and (137)Cs, respectively. The range of concentrations of (226)Ra,( 232)Th, and (40)K in water samples collected from five wells were<0.4-0.16,<0.4-0.13, and<0.15-1.62 Bq l(-1), respectively. The mean absorbed dose rate in outdoor air at a height of 1 m above the ground surface for the sand samples was 19.4 nGy h(-1). The Ra(eq) activities of the sands are lower than the recommended maximum value of 370 Bq kg(-1) criterion limit for building materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Ramadan
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Sandeep S, Manjaiah KM, Sachdev P, Sachdev MS. Effect of nitrogen, potassium and humic acid on ( 134 )Cs transfer factors to wheat from tropical soils in Neubauer growth units. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 149:43-52. [PMID: 18259886 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A Neubauer plantlet experiment was carried out using Inceptisol (Typic Haplustept) and Vertisol (Typic Chromustert) soils contaminated with 134Cs at 74 kBq kg(-1) soil to study the transfer factor to wheat crop (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by four levels of humic acid (100, 200, 300, 400 mg HA kg(-1) soil), potassium and NH4-N (36.4, 54.5, 72.7 and 90.9 mg K or NH4 kg(-1) soil) under tropical climate. The biomass yield and K uptake by wheat were significantly improved in Vertisol with NH4-N and K application. The potassium application significantly increased the potassium concentration in wheat plants. The increase in the levels of each of the treatments dramatically improved the yield, K content and K uptake parameters, irrespective of the soils. The 134Cs transfer factors, irrespective of the treatments were observed to be higher in Vertisols as compared to Inceptisols. Among the treatments, the effect of HA was significantly greater than that of K and NH4-N application in Inceptisol, however, in Vertisols both HA and NH4-N were observed to be superior as compared to K application. With each increment in the levels of the treatments, a significantly lowered TF value was found, higher in Inceptisols (56.3%) than Vertisols (48.5%). Comparison of treatments indicates that in general higher potassium concentration in plant drastically lowered radiocesium transfer to wheat. Neubauer plant culture study, a rapid laboratory experimental model based on simple soil-plant system was quite clearly brought out the potential effectiveness of N, K and HA on soil-to-wheat transfer of radiocesium. Such screening technique needs to be extended to cover wider crop species, different climatic conditions and factors governing/modifying the mobility of radiocesium in soil and its absorption by crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sandeep
- Nuclear Research Laboratory, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Sandeep S, Manjaiah KM. Transfer factors of (134)Cs to crops from Typic Haplustept under tropical region as influenced by potassium application. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2008; 99:349-58. [PMID: 17904709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Under greenhouse condition a pot culture investigation was carried out using Inceptisol soil (Typic Haplustept) contaminating with (134)Cs @ 1microCikg(-1) soil to study the transfer factor to Mustard, Gram, Spinach and Wheat crops as influenced by potassium application (0, 27.3, 54.6 and 81.9mgKkg(-1) soil). Potassium application in general improved the biomass, grain yield and also the potassium concentration in all the crops. Irrespective of the crops, (134)Cs transfer factor to straw and grain was highest in control treatment (no K addition) and found to decrease significantly with increase in K application levels. The (134)Cs uptake was highest in Spinach followed by Mustard, Gram and Wheat crops. The weighted transfer factor values (straw plus grain) to Spinach, Mustard, and Gram were observed to be 5.54, 4.38 and 2.20 times higher as compared to Wheat crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sandeep
- Nuclear Research Laboratory, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
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Maria PC, Massi L, Box NS, Gal JF, Burk P, Tammiku-Taul J, Kutsar M. Bonding energetics in clusters formed by cesium salts: a study by collision-induced dissociation and density functional theory. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:2057-62. [PMID: 16755612 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In relation to the interaction between (137)Cs and soil organic matter, electrospray mass spectrometry experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out on the dissociation of positively charged adducts formed by cesium nitrate and cesium organic salts attached to a cesium cation [Cs(CsNO(3))(CsA)](+) (A = benzoate, salicylate, hydrogen phthalate, hydrogen maleate, hydrogen fumarate, hydrogen oxalate, and hydrogen malonate ion). These mixed clusters were generated by electrospray from methanol solutions containing cesium nitrate and an organic acid. Collision-induced dissociation of [Cs(CsNO(3))(CsA)](+) in a quadrupole ion trap gave [Cs(CsNO(3))](+) and [Cs(CsA)](+) as major product ions. Loss of HNO(3) was observed, and also CO(2) loss in the case of A = hydrogen malonate. Branching ratios for the dissociation into [Cs(CsNO(3))](+) and [Cs(CsA)](+) were treated by the Cooks' kinetic method to obtain a quantitative order of bonding energetics (enthalpies and Gibbs free energies) between Cs(+) and the molecular salt (ion pair) CsA, and were correlated with the corresponding values calculated using DFT. The kinetic method leads to relative scales of Cs(+) affinities and basicities that are consistent with the DFT-calculated values. This study brings new data on the strong interaction between the cesium cation and molecular salts CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Charles Maria
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie, Sciences Analytiques et Environnement, and Plate-forme Technologique-Spectrométrie de Masse, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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