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Hu N, Chen S, Lang T, Zhang H, Chen W, Li G, Ding D. A novel method for determining the adequate dose of a chelating agent for phytoremediation of radionulides contaminated soils by M. cordata. J Environ Radioact 2021; 227:106468. [PMID: 33296860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A chelating agent in an adequate dose used to enhance phytoremediation of radionuclide-contaminated soil should not inhibit the growth of the plant. If this constraint condition is satisfied, the total bioaccumulation amount (TBA) of radionuclide by the plant can be maximized. This is a constrained optimization problem to determine the adequate dose of the chelating agent for phytoremediation of radionuclide-contaminated soil. In this research, an adequate dose of a chelating agent for phytoremediation of radionuclide-contaminated soil was determined by a novel approach using pot experiments. The proposed approach was applied to specify the adequate doses of citric acid (CA) and S,S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) for phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil by M. Cordata. By using this method, the adequate doses of CA and EDDS for phytoremediation of 238U, 232Th and 226Ra contaminated soils by M. cordata were measures as 10.0 and 5.0 mmol kg-1, respectively. The results showed that the approach could be used to establish the adequate dose of a chelating agent for phytoremediation of radionuclide or other toxic heavy metal contaminated soil by a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Tao Lang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Dexing Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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2
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Kim SB, Bredlaw M, Festarini A, Bucur C, Popescu I, Constantinescu M, Bucura F, Rousselle H, Beaton D, Korolevych VY, Chen G, Stuart M. Experimental investigation of D 2 conversion to DHO in soil near the Cernavoda nuclear power plant site in Romania. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 168:109403. [PMID: 33131993 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current Canadian and Romanian model predictions for tritium dose following an atmospheric tritiated hydrogen gas (HT) release is based on a default Canadian Standards Association (CSA) conversion factor of HT to tritiated water (HTO) of 4.3%. The determination of an empirical site specific value for the conversion factor was essential for the CANDU Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in Romania to verify if the CSA value is appropriate for use at this site. Given the role of soil characteristics on the conversion of HT to HTO, on-site experiments would provide the best evaluation of the conversion factor. The objective of the study was to define the soil HT to HTO conversion parameters specific to the Cernavoda NPP site. In June 2016, a series of experiments were conducted to meet this objective. First, the in situ deposition velocity of D2 gas, as a surrogate for HT gas, was obtained using an exposure chamber. Diffusion of D2 into the soil was then evaluated based on the measurements of DHO concentrations in the exposed soil. As soil microbes play a role in the conversion of HT to HTO, this work included a microbiological characterization of the soil, which targeted total soil bacteria (cultivable and gene-based) and hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (cultivable and gene-based). The fraction of hydrogen oxidizing cultivable soil bacteria represented 14-20% of the total cultivable bacteria population estimated as 2.8-29.2 × 105 cfu/g of soil. The empirically derived HT to HTO conversion factor was lower than the default value (4.3%). It fell between 0.9% and 2.0%. The default value is therefore more conservative than the Cernavoda site-specific derived value obtained from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kim
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada.
| | - M Bredlaw
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - A Festarini
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - C Bucur
- Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant, Romania
| | - I Popescu
- Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant, Romania
| | - M Constantinescu
- National Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic I.C.S.I. Rm Valcea, Romania
| | - F Bucura
- National Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic I.C.S.I. Rm Valcea, Romania
| | - H Rousselle
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - D Beaton
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | | | - G Chen
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - M Stuart
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
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Muñoz-Muñoz JG, Guillén J, Salas A. Modification of natural radionuclide uptake by wheat using a NORM by-product as soil amendment. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 167:109458. [PMID: 33059190 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drinking Water Treatment Plants (DWTPs) can be optimised for removal of natural radionuclides, thus meeting EU legislation. Removed radionuclides (234,238U, 226Ra and 210Po) go into sludges. What would happen if these sludges were used in agriculture? Wheat plantlets were cultivated in original and sludge-amended soils under laboratory controlled conditions. Soil-to plant transfer was significantly increased in factors ranging 1.2-3.7, 2.0-5.6, and 1.6-2.4 for 234,238U, 226Ra and 210Po, respectively. The additional input was preferentially accumulated in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Muñoz-Muñoz
- LARUEX, Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Dpt. Applied Physics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Avda. Universidad, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J Guillén
- LARUEX, Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Dpt. Applied Physics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Avda. Universidad, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - A Salas
- LARUEX, Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Dpt. Applied Physics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Avda. Universidad, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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Strumińska-Parulska D, Olszewski G, Moniakowska A, Zhang J, Falandysz J. Bolete mushroom Boletus bainiugan from Yunnan as a reflection of the geographical distribution of 210Po, 210Pb and uranium ( 234U, 235U, 238U) radionuclides, their intake rates and effective exposure doses. Chemosphere 2020; 253:126585. [PMID: 32278187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This pioneering study aimed to determine the activity concentrations of 210Po, 210Pb and uranium (234U, 235U, 238U) radionuclides in fruit bodies of wild bolete Boletus bainiugan Dentinger and to estimate its edible safety, which may give scientific evidence for the consumption of this species. The analyses were performed using alpha spectrometer after digestion, exchange resins separation and deposition. Measurement data were analysed and interpolation maps reflecting 210Po, 210Pb and uranium (234U, 235U, 238U) geographical distribution in Yunnan province (China) were presented. In addition, from the perspective of food safety, the possible related effective radiation dose to mushrooms consumers were estimated. The results indicated that 210Po, 210Pb and uranium (234U, 235U, 238U) radionuclides contents in B. bainiugan were significantly different with respect to geographical distribution, and their possible intake in a part of the region was considerably higher. A very interesting observation was done according to the values of 235U/238U activity ratio indicating the occurrence of uranium faction from the global fallout of nuclear weapon tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Olszewski
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Moniakowska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Cartagena, Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia; Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
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Mamyrbayeva AS, Baigazinov ZA, Lukashenko SN, Panitskiy AV, Karatayev SS, Shatrov AN, Baigazy SA, Bazarbayeva AB, Hegedűs M, Tóth-Bodrogi E, Kovács T. The transfer of 241Am and 137Cs to the tissues of broilers' organs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235109. [PMID: 32609724 PMCID: PMC7329069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the transfer of artificial radionuclides from the environment to the food supply is necessary for internal dose assessment. There is a necessity for expanding and improving the available information on these factors in order to make better dose models for specific scenarios. This paper describes the results of a field experiment with broiler chickens on the transfer factor (Ff) and concentration ratio (CR) for the long-term intake of 241Am and 137Cs with grass meal and soil. The broilers were divided into two groups, each group had nine subgroups and each subgroup had three broilers. The radionuclide concentrations in the feed and the thigh muscle, thigh bone, and liver of 54 broilers divided between the grass meal and soil groups were evaluated by gamma spectrometry for 241Am and 137Cs. The duration of feeding with "contaminated" sources ranged between 1-70 days. The equilibrium stage of 241Am in muscle and bone occurs on the 1st and 40th day, respectively; for 137Cs in muscle- 30th days of intake and for liver and bone- 7th days. For 241Am, the liver did not reach equilibrium stage during the 70 days of intake. Ff of 137Cs in the "forage-muscle" and "soil-muscle" systems were determined as 1.9±0.3 and 0.18±0.05; Ff of 241Am in the "soil-muscle" system was-7.5×10-5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhanat A. Baigazinov
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Sergey N. Lukashenko
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Kaluga region, Russian Federation
| | | | - Seil S. Karatayev
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - Anton N. Shatrov
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - Symbat A. Baigazy
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | | | - M. Hegedűs
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - E. Tóth-Bodrogi
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - T. Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Kubo K, Kobayashi H, Nitta M, Takenaka S, Nasuda S, Fujimura S, Takagi K, Nagata O, Ota T, Shinano T. Variations in radioactive cesium accumulation in wheat germplasm from fields affected by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3744. [PMID: 32111908 PMCID: PMC7048790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing the transfer of radioactive cesium (RCs) from soil to crops has been important since the deposition of RCs in agricultural soil owing to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident of 2011. We investigated the genotypic variation in RCs accumulation in 234 and 198 hexaploid wheat (Triticum spp.) varieties in an affected field in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The effects of soil exchangeable potassium (ExK) content to RCs accumulation in wheat varieties were also evaluated. A test field showed fourfold differences in soil ExK contents based on location, and the wheat varieties grown in areas with lower soil ExK contents tended to have higher grain RCs concentrations. RCs concentrations of shoots, when corrected by the soil ExK content, were positively significantly correlated between years, and RCs concentrations of shoots were significantly correlated with the grain RCs concentration corrected by the soil ExK content. These results indicated that there were genotypic variations in RCs accumulation. The grain to shoot ratio of RCs also showed significant genotypic variation. Wheat varieties with low RCs accumulations were identified. They could contribute to the research and breeding of low RCs accumulating wheat and to agricultural production in the area affected by RCs deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katashi Kubo
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
- Biodiversity Division, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nitta
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shotaro Takenaka
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Setaoe-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nasuda
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeto Fujimura
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takagi
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Osamu Nagata
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ota
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
- Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, NARO, 8 Higashida-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0005, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinano
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
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Gupta DK, Vuković A, Semenishchev VS, Inouhe M, Walther C. Uranium accumulation and its phytotoxicity symptoms in Pisum sativum L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:3513-3522. [PMID: 31836983 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by uranium (U) and other radionuclides is a serious problem worldwide, especially due to, e.g. mining activities. Ultimate accumulation of released U in aquatic systems and soils represent an escalating problem for all living organisms. In order to investigate U uptake and its toxic effects on Pisum sativum L., pea plantlets were hydroponically grown and treated with different concentrations of U. Five days after exposure to 25 and 50 μM U, P. sativum roots accumulated 2327.5 and 5559.16 mg kg-1 of U, respectively, while in shoots concentrations were 11.16 and 12.16 mg kg-1, respectively. Plants exposed to both U concentrations showed reduced biomass of shoots and reduced content of photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll and carotenoids) relative to control. As a biomarker of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were determined, while antioxidative response was determined by catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities as well as cysteine (Cys) and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) concentrations, both in roots and shoots. Both U treatments significantly increased LPO levels in roots and shoots, with the highest level recorded at 50 μM U, 50.38% in shoots and 59.9% in roots relative to control. U treatment reduced GR activity in shoots, while CAT activity was increased only in roots upon treatment with 25 μM U. In pea roots, cysteine content was significantly increased upon treatment with both U concentrations, for 19.8 and 25.5%, respectively, compared to control plants, while NP-SH content was not affected by the applied U. This study showed significant impact of U on biomass production and biochemical markers of phytotoxicity in P. sativum, indicating presence of oxidative stress and cellular redox imbalance in roots and shoots. Obtained tissue-specific response to U treatment showed higher sensitivity of shoots compared to roots. Much higher accumulation of U in pea roots compared to shoots implies potential role of this species in phytoremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra K Gupta
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Aliganj, Jorbagh Road, New Delhi, 110003, India.
- Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ana Vuković
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vladimir S Semenishchev
- Radiochemistry and Applied Ecology Department, Ural Federal University, Physical Technology Institute, Mira Str, 19, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Masahiro Inouhe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Clemens Walther
- Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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Sha YH, Hu N, Wang YD, Chen SY, Zou C, Dai ZR, Zhang H, Ding DX. Enhanced phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil by artificially constructed plant community plots. J Environ Radioact 2019; 208-209:106036. [PMID: 31493563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop an artificially constructed plant community plot for the enhanced phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soils, three uranium accumulators including Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.), Paspalum scrobiculatum linn and Macleaya cordata were used to construct four artificial plant community plots, and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation of uranium by the plants and the organic acid content, enzyme activity, and the change of microbial community structure in their rhizosphere soils. The transfer factor (TF) and the total bioaccumulation amount (TBA) of uranium were used to describe remediation efficiencies in this paper. It was found that their remediation efficiencies were in the order Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Paspalum scrobiculatum linn-Macleaya cordata > Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Macleaya cordata > Paspalum scrobiculatum linn-Macleaya cordata > Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Paspalum scrobiculatum linn. The bioaccumulation amount of uranium by each plant in the Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Paspalum scrobiculatum linn-Macleaya cordata community plot was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that by its single population, the bioaccumulation amounts of uranium by Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.), Paspalum scrobiculatum linn and Macleaya cordata were 0.29, 0.32 and 2.19 mg/plant, respectively, and they were increased by 31.82%, 77.78% and 146.07%, respectively, and the transfer efficiencies by the plants were increased by 150%, 110% and 52.17%, respectively. The interaction between the plants' roots and the microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of the Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Paspalum scrobiculatum linn-Macleaya cordata community plot resulted in the high content of organic acids such as oxalic acid in the rhizosphere soil of the plant community plot, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of its single population. The chelation of the organic acids with uranium led to an increase in the proportion of exchangeable uranium in soil solution. In addition, Burkholderia, which is an iron-producing carrier bacterium and can increase the uptake and accumulation of uranium by plants, and Leptolyngbya, which is a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and can increase the biomass of plants, emerged in the rhizosphere soil of the plant community plot. These may be the mechanisms by which the phytoremediation of the uranium contaminated soils was enhanced by the plant community plot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Sha
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Exetremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Exetremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ran Dai
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Xin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Kurikami H, Sakuma K, Malins A, Sasaki Y, Niizato T. Numerical study of transport pathways of 137Cs from forests to freshwater fish living in mountain streams in Fukushima, Japan. J Environ Radioact 2019; 208-209:106005. [PMID: 31279227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011 released a large quantity of radiocesium into the surrounding environment. Radiocesium concentrations in some freshwater fish caught in rivers in Fukushima Prefecture in October 2018 were still higher than the Japanese limit of 100 Bq kg-1 for general foodstuffs. To assess the uptake of 137Cs by freshwater fish living in mountain streams in Fukushima Prefecture, we developed a compartment model for the migration of 137Cs on the catchment scale from forests to river water. We modelled a generic forest catchment with Fukushima-like parameters to ascertain the importance of three export pathways of 137Cs from forests to river water for the uptake of 137Cs by freshwater fish. The pathways were direct litter fall into rivers, lateral inflow from the forest litter layer, and lateral transfer from the underlying forest soil. Simulation cases modelling only a single export pathway did not reproduce the actual trend of 137Cs concentrations in river water and freshwater fish in Fukushima Prefecture. Simulations allowing a combined effect of the three pathways reproduced the trends well. In the latter simulations, the decreasing trend of 137Cs in river water and freshwater fish was due to a combination of the decreasing trend in the forest leaves/needles and litter compartments, and the increasing trend in soil. The modelled 137Cs concentrations within the forest compartments were predicted to reach an equilibrium state at around ten years after the fallout due to the equilibration of 137Cs cycling in forests. The model suggests that long term 137Cs concentrations in freshwater fish in mountain streams will be controlled by the transfer of 137Cs to river water from forest organic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kurikami
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Sakuma
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Alex Malins
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Center for Computational Science & e-Systems, University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Campus Satellite, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Sasaki
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Tadafumi Niizato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
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10
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Burger A, Weidinger M, Adlassnig W, Puschenreiter M, Lichtscheidl I. Response of Plantago major to cesium and strontium in hydroponics: Absorption and effects on morphology, physiology and photosynthesis. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:113084. [PMID: 31473385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human activities lead to increasing concentration of the stable elements cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) and their radioactive isotopes in the food chain, where plants play an important part. Here we investigated Plantago major under the influence of long-term exposure to stable Cs and Sr. The plants were cultivated hydroponically in different concentrations of cesium sulfate (between 0.002 and 20 mM) and strontium nitrate (between 0.001 and 100 mM). Uptake of Cs and Sr into leaves was analyzed from extracts by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was increased with increasing external Cs and Sr concentrations. However, the efficiency of Cs and Sr transfer from solution to plants was higher for low external concentrations. Highest transfer factors were 6.78 for Cs and 71.13 for Sr. Accumulation of Sr was accompanied by a slight decrease of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) in leaves, whereas the presence of Cs in the medium affected only uptake of K. The toxic effects of Cs and Sr were estimated from photosynthetic reactions and plant growth. In leaves, Cs and Sr affected the chlorophyll fluorescence even at their low concentrations. Low and high concentrations of both ions reduced dry weight and length of roots and leaves. The distribution of the elements between the different tissues of leaves and roots was investigated using Energy Dispersive X-Ray microanalysis (EDX) with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Overall, observations suggested differential patterns in accumulating Cs and Sr within the roots and leaves. When present in higher concentrations the amount of Cs and Sr transferred from environment to plants was sufficient to affect some physiological processes. The experimental model showed a potential for P. major to study the influence of radioactive contaminants and their removal from hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burger
- University of Vienna, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marieluise Weidinger
- University of Vienna, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Adlassnig
- University of Vienna, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Irene Lichtscheidl
- University of Vienna, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Li PS, Wu WM, Phillips DH, Watson DB, Kelly S, Li B, Mehlhorn T, Lowe K, Earles J, Tao HC, Zhang T, Criddle CS. Uranium sequestration in sediment at an iron-rich contaminated site at Oak Ridge, Tennessee via. bioreduction followed by reoxidation. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 85:156-167. [PMID: 31471022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated uranium sequestration performance in iron-rich (30 g/kg) sediment via bioreduction followed by reoxidation. Field tests (1383 days) at Oak Ridge, Tennessee demonstrated that uranium contents in sediments increased after bioreduced sediments were re-exposed to nitrate and oxygen in contaminated groundwater. Bioreduction of contaminated sediments (1200 mg/kg U) with ethanol in microcosm reduced aqueous U from 0.37 to 0.023 mg/L. Aliquots of the bioreduced sediment were reoxidized with O2, H2O2, and NaNO3, respectively, over 285 days, resulting in aqueous U of 0.024, 1.58 and 14.4 mg/L at pH 6.30, 6.63 and 7.62, respectively. The source- and the three reoxidized sediments showed different desorption and adsorption behaviors of U, but all fit a Freundlich model. The adsorption capacities increased sharply at pH 4.5 to 5.5, plateaued at pH 5.5 to 7.0, then decreased sharply as pH increased from 7.0 to 8.0. The O2-reoxidized sediment retained a lower desorption efficiency at pH over 6.0. The NO3--reoxidized sediment exhibited higher adsorption capacity at pH 5.5 to 6.0. The pH-dependent adsorption onto Fe(III) oxides and formation of U coated particles and precipitates resulted in U sequestration, and bioreduction followed by reoxidation can enhance the U sequestration in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Song Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA; Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei-Min Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA.
| | - Debra H Phillips
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David B Watson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, P.O. Box 2008, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Bing Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, P.O. Box 2008, TN 37831, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tonia Mehlhorn
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, P.O. Box 2008, TN 37831, USA
| | - Kenneth Lowe
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, P.O. Box 2008, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jennifer Earles
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, P.O. Box 2008, TN 37831, USA
| | - Hu-Chun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Craig S Criddle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA.
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12
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Kobayashi R, Kobayashi NI, Tanoi K, Masumori M, Tange T. Potassium supply reduces cesium uptake in Konara oak not by an alteration of uptake mechanism, but by the uptake competition between the ions. J Environ Radioact 2019; 208-209:106032. [PMID: 31466011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiocesium contamination of forests has been a severe problem after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011. Bed logs of Konara oak (Quercus serrata Murray), used for mushroom cultivation, were an economically important product from the forests prior to their contamination. One of the potential countermeasures to reduce radiocesium content in trees is potassium fertilization, but the evidence for the effect of K+ in reducing Cs+ uptake has not been obtained yet in the woody plant. Therefore, we investigated the ability of rhizospheric K+ to suppress uptake and translocation of Cs+ in Konara oak seedlings through hydroponic experiments in order to clarify the effect of K+. Elemental analysis showed that the seedlings cultivated for 4 weeks under low-K (K+ = 50 μM) contained higher amount of Cs comparing to the seedlings cultivated under high-K (K+ = 3 mM). Then, the uptake rate of Cs+ and K+ in the seedlings from the solution having 50 μM K+ and 0.1 μM Cs+ was calculated using radioactive 137Cs+ and 42K+ to evaluate the effect of growth condition on the ion uptake mechanism. The interference between Cs+ and K+ at the site of root uptake was also evaluated based on the Cs+ and K+ uptake rates at K+ concentrations of 50 μM, 200 μM, and 3 mM in the seedlings grown under the medium-K (K+ = 200 μM) condition. As a result, the Cs+ uptake rate at 50 μM K+ was not influenced by the growth condition, whereas Cs+ uptake decreased when the uptake solution itself was supplemented with 3 mM K+. In addition, the Cs/K ratio in the seedlings was found to rise to exceed the Cs/K ratio in the culture solution as the rhizospheric K+ concentration increased, which was in contrast with previous findings in herbaceous plants. Our experiments demonstrated the first direct evidence for woody plants that a high K+ concentration can suppress Cs accumulation in Konara oak and that it was derived from competition for uptake between K+ and Cs+ in the rhizosphere, not from the growth K+ condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riona Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaya Masumori
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tange
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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13
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Lusa M, Knuutinen J, Lindgren M, Virkanen J, Bomberg M. Microbial communities in a former pilot-scale uranium mine in Eastern Finland - Association with radium immobilization. Sci Total Environ 2019; 686:619-640. [PMID: 31185409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities were characterized in 17 top soil organic and mineral layer samples and in top sediment samples of the Paukkajanvaara area, a former pilot-scale uranium mine, located in Eno, Eastern Finland, using amplicon sequencing and qPCR. Soil and sediment samples were in addition analyzed for radium (226Ra), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) concentrations. New bacterial strains, representing Pseudomonas spp., were isolated from the mine and reference area and used in laboratory experiments on uptake and leaching of radium (Ra). The effect of these strains on the sulfate leaching from the soil samples was also tested in vitro. Between 6 × 106 and 5 × 108 copies g-1 DW (dry weight) of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, 5 × 105-1 × 108 copies g-1 DW archaeal 16S rRNA genes and 1 × 105-1 × 108 copies g-1 DW fungal 5.8S rRNA genes were detected in the samples. A total of 814, 54 and 167 bacterial, archaeal and fungal genera, respectively, were identified. Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota and Mortiriella were the dominant bacterial, archaeal and fungal phyla, respectively. All tested Pseudomonas spp. strains isolates from Paukkajanvaara removed Ra from the solution, but the amount of removed Ra depended on incubation conditions (temperature, time and nutrient broth). The highest removal of Ra (5320 L/kg DW) was observed by the Pseudomonas sp. strain T5-6-I at 37 °C. All Pseudomonas spp. strains decreased the release of Ra from soil with an average of 23% while simultaneously increasing the concentration of SO42- in the solution by 11%. As Pseudomonas spp. were frequent in both the sequence data and the cultures, these bacteria may play an important role in the immobilization of Ra in the Paukkajanvaara mine area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Lusa
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jenna Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus Lindgren
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juhani Virkanen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Malin Bomberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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14
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Almahayni T, Beresford NA, Crout NMJ, Sweeck L. Fit-for-purpose modelling of radiocaesium soil-to-plant transfer for nuclear emergencies: a review. J Environ Radioact 2019; 201:58-66. [PMID: 30776579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous radioecological models have been developed to predict radionuclides transfer from contaminated soils to the food chain, which is an essential step in preparing and responding to nuclear emergencies. However, the lessons learned from applying these models to predict radiocaesium (RCs) soil-to-plant transfer following the Fukushima accident in 2011 renewed interest in RCs transfer modelling. To help guide and prioritise further research in relation to modelling RCs transfer in terrestrial environments, we reviewed existing models focussing on transfer to food crops and animal fodders. To facilitate the review process, we categorised existing RCs soil-to-plant transfer models into empirical, semi-mechanistic and mechanistic, though several models cross the boundaries between these categories. The empirical approach predicts RCs transfer to plants based on total RCs concentration in soil and an empirical transfer factor. The semi-mechanistic approach takes into account the influence of soil characteristics such as clay and exchangeable potassium content on RCs transfer. It also uses 'bioavailable' rather than total RCs in soil. The mechanistic approach considers the physical and chemical processes that control RCs distribution and uptake in soil-plant systems including transport in the root zone and root absorption kinetics. Each of these modelling approaches has its advantages and disadvantages. The empirical approach is simple and requires two inputs, but it is often associated with considerably uncertainty due to the large variability in the transfer factor. The semi-mechanistic approach factorises more soil and plant parameters than the empirical approach; therefore, it is applicable to a wider range of environmental conditions. The mechanistic approach is instrumental in understanding RCs mobility and transfer in soil-plant systems; it also helps to identify influential soil and plant parameters. However, the comlexity and the large amount of specific parameters make this approach impractical for nuclear emergency preparedness and response purposes. We propose that the semi-mechanistic approach is sufficiently robust and practical, hence more fit for the purpose of planning and responding to nuclear emergencies compared with the empirical and mechanistic approaches. We recommend further work to extend the applicability of the semi-mechanistic approach to a wide range of plants and soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Almahayni
- Biosphere Impact Studies Unit, The Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Nicholas A Beresford
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, CEH Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.
| | - Neil M J Crout
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Lieve Sweeck
- Biosphere Impact Studies Unit, The Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium.
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15
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Adesiji NE, Ademola JA. Soil-to-cassava plant transfer factor of natural radionuclides on a mining impacted soil in a tropical ecosystem of Nigeria. J Environ Radioact 2019; 201:1-4. [PMID: 30711912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The transfer factors (TFs) of naturally occurring radionuclides, 238U and 232Th from soil to different cassava plant compartments were calculated. Cassava is widely cultivated in Nigeria and contributes significantly to the food supply of the nation. There is sparsity of data on the TFs in Nigeria, and no TF data from any African country were included in the International Atomic Energy Agency's compilation of TFs for the tropical ecosystem. Samples of tin tailings and soil samples from virgin land were used to formulate three soil groups; group-A (soil from virgin land only), group-B (tailings only) and group-C (equal dry mass combination of tailings and soil from virgin land). Pot experiments were set up to determine the TFs of 238U and 232Th. The activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th in the dried samples of the soil and plant compartments were determined using a sodium iodide detector. The TF of 238U ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 0.01 in the tuber samples, BDL to 0.23 in the stem samples and BDL to 0.90 in the leaf samples, while the TF of 232Th ranged between 0.006 and 0.49 for tuber samples, 0.03 and 0.65 in stem samples and 0.03 and 1.54 in the leaf samples. There were significant difference in the TF of 238U and 232Th between the soil groups. The leaf compartment generally had most of the highest TF values while the tuber samples had most of the lowest TF values for both radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Adesiji
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - J A Ademola
- Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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16
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Hu N, Lang T, Ding D, Hu J, Li C, Zhang H, Li G. Enhancement of repeated applications of chelates on phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil by Macleaya cordata. J Environ Radioact 2019; 199-200:58-65. [PMID: 30685639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse pot experiment was performed to investigate the enhancement of repeated applications of citric acid (CA), ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), and Oxalic acid (OA) on phytoremediation of uranium (U) contaminated soil by Macleaya Cordata. The chelates followed the order CA > EDDS > OA in terms of the enhancement on uranium uptake by M. cordata. The repeated applications of the chelates were found to be more effective than the one time application at the equal dose as the U concentration of soil solution increased significantly from the 8th to 14th day. The repeated applications of 10 mmol kg-1 CA promoted the solubilization of U in the U-contaminated soil by significantly decreasing the pH of soil solution, achieved the maximum U concentration of soil solution (1463.6 µg L-1), bioconcentration factors (BCFs, 11.4), bioaccumulation factors (BAFs, 21.4) and transfer factors (TFs, 1.9), which were 215.2, 5.7, 30.6 and 16.3 times as compared with the control group, respectively. The three applied chelates significantly affected the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in the leaves. Repeated applications of CA further enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of M. cordata as compared with the control, EDDS and OA, mitigated the oxidative stress induced by uranium and chelates, and maximized the enhancement on the uranium uptake, which will be beneficial for the enhancement on the phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil by U hyperaccumulating plants. These results indicated that the phytoavailability of uranium in soil solution as well as the accumulation of U by M. cordata were both significantly increased after repeated applications of CA, and that the repeated applications of 10 mmol kg-1 CA increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and promoted U accumulation by M. cordata. The study provided an environmentally friendly alternative for the enhancement on the phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil using M. cordata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Tao Lang
- 264 Brigade of Jiangxi Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Dexin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Jingsong Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Changwu Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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17
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Mikhailovskaya LN, Modorov MV, Pozolotina VN, Antonova EV. Heterogeneity of soil contamination by 90Sr and its absorption by herbaceous plants in the East Ural Radioactive Trace area. Sci Total Environ 2019; 651:2345-2353. [PMID: 30336424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A nuclear accident occurred at the production association Mayak in the Urals in 1957. Approximately 74 PBq of radioactive substances were released into the environment, which resulted in the contamination of a vast area, named the East Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT). We have studied the current levels of contamination of soils and plants by 90Sr in the head part of the EURT. The heterogeneity of soil contamination (concentrations and contamination densities) in the EURT zone was considered at three scales. 1) At the macro-level, the soil contamination by 90Sr decreased by three orders of magnitude in the cross section of the zone. 2) At the meso-level, the variability of the soil contamination was estimated within several sectors, selected by the results of macro-scale mapping. 3) At the micro-level, differences in soil contamination between individual samples (0.01 m2) selected at the site (1000 m2) exceeded the one order of magnitude. The similarity of geometric mean (GM) values of the soil contamination was shown, based on the measurements of 3, 25 and 30 soil samples at the micro-level. In 57% of cases, the value of the GM obtained by 3 measurements differed by no >20% from the GM value by 25 measurements. In the most of cases, the differences in GM obtained by these two methods did not exceed 40%. Thus, in small sites it is possible to take only three soil samples to assess the level of soil contamination. We evaluated the absorption variability of 90Sr for six species of herbaceous plants (Rumex confertus, Leonurus quinquelobatus, Arctium tomentosum, Urtica dioica, Lathyrus pratensis, Bromopsis inermis). The range of concentration ratios (CRwo-soil) for 90Sr was 0.003-0.49, and the diapason of aggregated transfer factors (Tag) was 0.56-7.3. The 'plant species' factor determined about 55% of the total variability of CRwo-soil and Tag.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M V Modorov
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - V N Pozolotina
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - E V Antonova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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18
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Anderson D, Okuda K, Hess A, Nanba K, Johnson T, Takase T, Hinton T. A comparison of methods to derive aggregated transfer factors using wild boar data from the Fukushima Prefecture. J Environ Radioact 2019; 197:101-108. [PMID: 30544019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aggregated transfer factors (Tag; m2 kg-1) are often used to predict radionuclide activity concentrations in biota (Bq kg-1) from soil contamination levels (Bq m-2). Inherently large uncertainties in Tag values severely limit their predictive power. Many published Tag values have been derived from radionuclide deposition onto soil following weapons fallout, or the accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima. In many cases the soil data used to derive a Tag value were collected for other purposes, and the spatial resolution of the soil data is much less than that of the biota data to which it is paired. We hypothesized that this disassociation and imprecision in paring deposition density and biota data may contribute to the large variations observed in Tag values. We tested the hypothesis by deriving Tag values for Japanese wild boar in two ways. One method used paired deposition density-biota contamination levels, with the soil data collected from each boar trap site. The second method used a soil radioactivity density map, of relatively low spatial resolution, generated by the Japanese government agency MEXT for fallout from the Fukushima accident. We hypothesized that Tag values derived from the method using paired deposition density-wild boar data would have less variation. Initial statistical test suggested significant differences in the predictive power of the two methods. However, removal of suspected outliers in the MEXT data set decreased the statistical differences and indicated that collecting 137Cs soil deposition density measurements in the field did not reduce the large variation in our Tag values. More importantly, both methods revealed that soil contamination levels are a poor predictor of radiocesium concentrations in boar (r2 < 0.23). The inadequacies of Tag to predict wild boar 137Cs concentrations is an ominous indication of the lack of applicability of the Tag model as a rigorous research parameter. Tag values are best suited for their original intended purpose: upper tier, screening level computations. Further studies on how to reduce uncertainty when predicting 137Cs concentrations in biota are needed to thoroughly understand the transfer of radiocesium within the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Anderson
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 960-1248, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Kanayagawa, Japan.
| | - Kei Okuda
- Faculty of Human Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Shudo University, 731-3195, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ann Hess
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Kenji Nanba
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 960-1248, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Kanayagawa, Japan; Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology Faculty, Fukushima University, 960-1248, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Kanayagawa, Japan
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences Faculty, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Tsugiko Takase
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 960-1248, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Kanayagawa, Japan
| | - Thomas Hinton
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 960-1248, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Kanayagawa, Japan
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19
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Tu H, Lan T, Yuan G, Zhao C, Liu J, Li F, Yang J, Liao J, Yang Y, Wang D, Liu N. The influence of humic substances on uranium biomineralization induced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. J Environ Radioact 2019; 197:23-29. [PMID: 30502659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the influence of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) on biomineralization behaviour was evaluated. The results showed HA and FA did not obviously inhabit or promote the precipitation of U-phosphate minerals. The data from molecular dynamic simulation indicated that the free energy for the dissociation of uranyl the PO43- -uranyl was 202.49 kJ/mol, which was much larger than that form HA-uranyl (88.3 kJ/mol). These simulated results revealed the less competitiveness of HA and FA with PO43- for uranyl and explained why HA and FA had less impacted on the formation of U-phosphate minerals. However, the influence of HA/FA on the morphology was obvious, the microstructure of the bio-minerals changed from small particles to lamellar stacking structure with the addition of HA or FA. The findings of this study are helpful for us to gain a better understanding natural U-phosphate biomineralization behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Tu Lan
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Techniques, Multidisciplinary Initiative Centre, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Guoyuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Changsong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Feize Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Jijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Jiali Liao
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Yuanyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Dongqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Techniques, Multidisciplinary Initiative Centre, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Liu H, Song W, Ma W, Hu W, Chen T, Liu L. Accumulation of U(VI) on the Pantoea sp. TW18 isolated from radionuclide-contaminated soils. J Environ Radioact 2018; 192:219-226. [PMID: 29982006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pantoea sp. TW18 isolated from radionuclide-contaminated soils was used for the bioremediation of radionuclides pollution. Accumulation mechanism of U(VI) on Pantoea sp. TW18 was investigated by batch experiments and characterization techniques. The batch experiments revealed that Pantoea sp. TW18 rapidly reached accumulation equilibrium at approximately 4 h with a high accumulation capacity (79.87 mg g-1 at pH 4.1 and T = 310 K) for U(VI). The accumulation data of U(VI) onto Pantoea sp. TW18 can be satisfactorily fitted by pseudo-second-order model. The accumulation of U(VI) on Pantoea sp. TW18 was affected by pH levels, not independent of ionic strength. Analysis of the FT-IR and XPS spectra demonstrated that accumulated U(VI) ions were primarily bound to nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups (i.e., carboxyl, amide and phosphoryl groups) on the Pantoea sp. TW18 surface. This study showed that Pantoea sp. TW18 can be considered as a promising sorbent for remediation of radionuclides in environmental cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, PR China
| | - Haibo Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, PR China.
| | - Wencheng Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, PR China
| | - Tianhu Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, PR China
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21
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Fesenko S, Isamov N, Howard BJ, Sanzharova N, Wells C. Review of Russian language studies on radionuclide behaviour in agricultural animals: Transfer to animal tissues. J Environ Radioact 2018; 192:233-249. [PMID: 29986315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Data on radionuclide transfer to animals from research performed in the former Soviet Union were reviewed to collate transfer coefficient values (Ff) to animal tissues such as liver, kidney and bone, but not muscle which has previously been reported. The derived values were compared with selected data published in the English language literature. The new data are mainly for 90Sr and 137Cs, although some data were also provided for 3H, 54Mn, 59Fe, 60Co, 22Na 65Zn, 131I and U. The Russian language data may provide a basis for better informed evaluation of radiation dose from the consumption of such animal products, which can form important components of the diet in some countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fesenko
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Radioecology, 249020 Obninsk, Russia.
| | - N Isamov
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Radioecology, 249020 Obninsk, Russia
| | - B J Howard
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LAI 4AP, UK
| | - N Sanzharova
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Radioecology, 249020 Obninsk, Russia
| | - C Wells
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LAI 4AP, UK
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22
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Tanaka S, Adati T, Takahashi T, Fujiwara K, Takahashi S. Concentrations and biological half-life of radioactive cesium in epigeic earthworms after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J Environ Radioact 2018; 192:227-232. [PMID: 29986314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand the long-term behavior of radiocesium in the biological processes of a forest ecosystem, its concentration in Japanese epigeic earthworms (Megascolecidae), litter, and soil, and the ambient dose equivalent rates, were investigated after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The metabolism of radiocesium in the earthworms was also investigated in the laboratory, and its biological half-life (Tb) was estimated. The concentration of 137Cs in the habitat soil and litter changed from 2014 to 2016, with levels in the litter going from 44.9 Bq/g dw (in 2014) to 45.3 Bq/g dw (2015) and 10.7 Bq/g dw (2016); in soil, these values were 9.79 Bq/g dw, 7.14 Bq/g dw and 18.0 Bq/g dw, respectively. By contrast, no significant changes were observed in the concentrations in the earthworms, which were 4.87 Bq/g fw, 5.30 Bq/g fw and 4.67 Bq/g fw in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The ambient dose equivalent rates at the sampling site declined significantly over these three years, going from 2.15 μSv/h to 1.68 μSv/h and 1.35 μSv/h, mostly corresponding to physical decay of radiocesium. The majority (95%) of the 137Cs in the earthworms, observed via autoradiography, was concentrated primarily in the intestine. The clearance of 137Cs from the earthworms was described by dual exponential functions: the half-life in the rapid loss due to gut clearance was 0.10 days and a second slower loss due to physiological clearance was 27.4 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanaka
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - T Adati
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, 156-8502 Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Division of Radiation Safety and Control, The Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - K Fujiwara
- Technical Staff Office, The Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - S Takahashi
- Division of Radiation Safety and Control, The Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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23
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Davies HS, Rosas-Moreno J, Cox F, Lythgoe P, Bewsher A, Livens FR, Robinson CH, Pittman JK. Multiple environmental factors influence 238U, 232Th and 226Ra bioaccumulation in arbuscular mycorrhizal-associated plants. Sci Total Environ 2018; 640-641:921-934. [PMID: 30021326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological consequences of low-dose radioactivity from natural sources or radioactive waste are important to understand but knowledge gaps still remain. In particular, the soil transfer and bioaccumulation of radionuclides into plant roots is poorly studied. Furthermore, better knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi association may help understand the complexities of radionuclide bioaccumulation within the rhizosphere. Plant bioaccumulation of uranium, thorium and radium was demonstrated at two field sites, where plant tissue concentrations reached up to 46.93 μg g-1 238U, 0.67 μg g-1 232Th and 18.27 kBq kg-1 226Ra. High root retention of uranium was consistent in all plant species studied. In contrast, most plants showed greater bioaccumulation of thorium and radium into above-ground tissues. The influence of specific soil parameters on root radionuclide bioaccumulation was examined. Total organic carbon significantly explained the variation in root uranium concentration, while other soil factors including copper concentration, magnesium concentration and pH significantly correlated with root concentrations of uranium, radium and thorium, respectively. All four orders of Glomeromycota were associated with root samples from both sites and all plant species studied showed varying association with AM fungi, ranging from zero to >60% root colonisation by fungal arbuscules. Previous laboratory studies using single plant-fungal species association had found a positive role of AM fungi in root uranium transfer, but no significant correlation between the amount of fungal infection and root uranium content in the field samples was found here. However, there was a significant negative correlation between AM fungal infection and radium accumulation. This study is the first to examine the role of AM fungi in radionuclide soil-plant transfer at a community level within the natural environment. We conclude that biotic factors alongside various abiotic factors influence the soil-plant transfer of radionuclides and future mechanistic studies are needed to explain these interactions in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena S Davies
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jeanette Rosas-Moreno
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Filipa Cox
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul Lythgoe
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alastair Bewsher
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Francis R Livens
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Clare H Robinson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jon K Pittman
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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24
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Rao S, Liang J, Song W. Accumulation of 152+154Eu(III) by Aspergillus sydowii and Trichoderma harzianum. J Environ Radioact 2018; 193-194:75-81. [PMID: 30218792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides-resistant filamentous fungi were isolated from radionuclides' contaminated soils. Effects of contact time, mycelia dosage, pH, ionic strength and thiol compounds on 152+154Eu(III) accumulation on two kinds of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus sydowii and Trichoderma harzianum, denoted as A. sydowii and T. harzianum, respectively) were investigated by batch techniques. The maximum tolerance to Eu(III) concentration of A. sydowii and T. harzianum reached 3000 mg/L and 3500 mg/L, and the Eu(III) accumulation on A. sydowii and T. harzianum can be fitted better with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. Filamentous fungi were characterized by FT-IR and acid base titrations, and morphological structures of mycelia changed obviously under Eu(III) stress by SEM and TEM analysis. The results suggested that filamentous fungi could play an important role in the migration and transformation of radionuclides in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Rao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Sanlian University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; Jianghuai College, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, PR China
| | - Wencheng Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
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25
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Wang WH, Luo XG, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhao HZ. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea)'s uranium bioconcentration and tolerance attributes. J Environ Radioact 2018; 184-185:152-157. [PMID: 29395432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The authors sampled and analyzed 15 species of dominant wild plants in Huanan uranium tailings pond in China, whose tailings' uranium contents were 3.21-120.52 μg/g. Among the 15 species of wild plants, ramie (Boehmeria nivea) had the strongest uranium bioconcentration and transfer capacities. In order to study the uranium bioconcentration and tolerance attributes of ramie in detail, and provide a reference for the screening remediation plants to phytoremedy on a large scale in uranium tailings pond, a ramie cultivar Xiangzhu No. 7 pot experiment was carried out. We found that both wild ramie and Xiangzhu No. 7 could bioconcentrate uranium, but there were two differences. One was wild ramie's shoots bioconcentrated uranium up to 20 μg/g (which can be regarded as the critical content value of the shoot of uranium hyperaccumulator) even the soil uranium content was as low as 5.874 μg/g while Xiangzhu No. 7's shoots could reach 20 μg/g only when the uranium treatment concentrations were 275 μg/g or more; the other was that all the transfer factors of 3 wild samples were >1, and the transfer factors of 27 out of 28 pot experiment samples were <1. Probably wild ramie was a uranium hyperaccumulator. Xiangzhu No. 7 satisfied the needs of uranium hyperaccumulator on accumulation capability, tolerance capability, bioconcentration factor, but not transfer capability, so Xiangzhu No. 7 was not a uranium hyperaccumulator. We analyzed the possible reasons why there were differences in the uranium bioconcentration and transfer attributes between wild ramie and Xiangzhu No. 7., and proposed the direction for further research. In our opinion, both the plants which bioconcentrate contaminants in the shoots and roots can act as phytoextractors. Although Xiangzhu No. 7's biomass and accumulation of uranium were concentrated on the roots, the roots were small in volume and easy to harvest. And Xiangzhu No. 7's cultivating skills and protection measures had been developed very well. Xiangzhu No. 7's whole bioconcentration factors and the roots' bioconcentration factors, which were 1.200-1.834 and 1.460-2.341, respectively, increased with the increases of uranium contents of pot soil when the soil's uranium contents are 25-175 μg/g, so it can act as a potential phytoextractor when Huanan uranium tailings pond is phytoremediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Lai Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Zhao
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
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26
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Burger A, Lichtscheidl I. Stable and radioactive cesium: A review about distribution in the environment, uptake and translocation in plants, plant reactions and plants' potential for bioremediation. Sci Total Environ 2018; 618:1459-1485. [PMID: 29122347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Radiocesium in water, soil, and air represents a severe threat to human health and the environment. It either acts directly on living organisms from external sources, or it becomes incorporated through the food chain, or both. Plants are at the base of the food chain; it is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms of plants for cesium retention and uptake. In this review we summarize investigations about sources of stable and radioactive cesium in the environment and harmful effects caused by internal and external exposure of plants to radiocesium. Uptake of cesium into cells occurs through molecular mechanisms such as potassium and calcium transporters in the plasma membrane. In soil, bioavailability of cesium depends on the chemical composition of the soil and physical factors such as pH, temperature and tilling as well as on environmental factors such as soil microorganisms. Uptake of cesium occurs also from air through interception and absorption on leaves and from water through the whole submerged surface. We reviewed information about reducing cesium in the vegetation by loss processes, and we extracted transfer factors from the available literature and give an overview over the uptake capacities of 72 plants for cesium from the substratum to the biomass. Plants with high uptake potential could be used to remediate soil and water from radiocesium by accumulation and rhizofiltration. Inside plants, cesium distributes fast between the different plant organs and cells, but cesium in soil is extremely stable and remains for decades in the rhizosphere. Monitoring of contaminated soil therefore has to continue for many decades, and edible plants grown on such soil must continuously be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burger
- University of Vienna, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Irene Lichtscheidl
- University of Vienna, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Guillén J, Muñoz-Serrano A, Baeza AS, Salas A. Speciation of naturally occurring radionuclides in Mediterranean soils: bioavailabilty assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:6772-6782. [PMID: 29264853 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of soil-to-plant transfer processes is a key element that can have a significant health impact. Much effort has been taken to characterize the speciation of anthropogenic radionuclides released into the environment. However, the information about naturally occurring radionuclides is scarce. This work evaluate the potential risks of transference, that is, the bioavailability of the 234,238U, 226Ra, 228,230,232Th, and 210Po in three different soils collected in Mediterranean ecosystems. Chemical speciation of these radionuclides was carried out according to two different methods, Pavlotskaya and a modification of Tessier's protocol. Most of these radionuclides were associated to fractions strongly bound to soil particles and not able to be transferred. Increasing concentrations of U and Th extracted with increasing volume of NH4OAc 1 M were observed, until it reached saturation. Readily bioavailable fraction in both methods (either exchangeable or water soluble + exchangeable) decreased in the following order: 226Ra > 234,238 U > 228,230,232Th > 210Po. It was found that < 3% of the natural radionuclide concentration in soil are readily bioavailable for plant uptake in this region of Spain, and the resulting human health risk is negligible from natural radionuclide ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Guillén
- LARUEX, Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Avda. Universidad, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Ana Muñoz-Serrano
- LARUEX, Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Avda. Universidad, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Salvador Baeza
- LARUEX, Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Avda. Universidad, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alejandro Salas
- LARUEX, Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Avda. Universidad, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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28
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Cocchi L, Kluza K, Zalewska T, Apanel A, Falandysz J. Radioactive caesium ( 134Cs and 137Cs) in mushrooms of the genus Boletus from the Reggio Emilia in Italy and Pomerania in Poland. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2017; 53:620-627. [PMID: 28612628 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1337761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of 134Cs and 137Cs were determined in mushrooms of the Boletus species B. aereus, B. reticulatus, B. appendiculatus, B. calopus, B. edulis, B. erythropus, B. fechtneri, B. pinophilus, B. pseudoregius, B. rhodopurpureus, B. rhodoxanthus collected in the Reggio Emilia, Italy, in 1993 and 1994 and in B. edulis collected in Pomerania in northern Poland in the period from 1995-2015. Boletus edulis from the Reggio Emilia showed presence of 137Cs at 330 ± 220 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in 1993 and at 370 ± 180 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in 1994. In B. edulis sampled in the Reggio Emilia in 1993 and 1994, the pre-Chernobyl 137Cs from global fallout amounted to 39-46 % of the total activity concentrations of isotope 137Cs. B. edulis from Pomerania contained 137Cs in caps at 270 ± 15 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in 1995, and in whole fruiting bodies it was found to be 470 ± 9 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in 2015. The activity concentrations of 137Cs determined in fruiting bodies of B. edulis from Pomerania fluctuated but persisted over the period from 1995 to 2015, while the maximum activity concentrations were well below the tolerance limit of 600 Bq kg-1 fresh product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cocchi
- a Gruppo Micologico e Naturalistico R. Franchi , Reggio Emilia , Italia
- b Comitato Scientifico Nazionale dell' Associazione Micologica Bresadola , Trento , Italia
| | - Karolina Kluza
- c Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology , University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- d Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Maritime Branch , Gdynia , Poland
| | - Anna Apanel
- d Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Maritime Branch , Gdynia , Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- c Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology , University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
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Tawussi F, Gupta DK, Mühr-Ebert EL, Schneider S, Bister S, Walther C. Uptake of Plutonium-238 into Solanum tuberosum L. (potato plants) in presence of complexing agent EDTA. J Environ Radioact 2017; 178-179:186-192. [PMID: 28865328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability and plant uptake of radionuclides depend on various factors. Transfer into different plant parts depends on chemical and physical processes, which need to be known for realistic ingestion dose modelling when these plants are used for food. Within the scope of the present work, the plutonium uptake by potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) was investigated in hydroponic solution of low concentration [Pu] = 10-9 mol L-1. Particular attention was paid to the speciation of radionuclides in the solution which was modelled by the speciation code PHREEQC. The speciation, the solubility and therefore the plant availability of radionuclides mainly depend on the pH value and the redox potential of the solution. During the contamination period, the redox potential did not change significantly. In contrast, the pH value showed characteristic changes depending on exudates excreted by the plants. Plant roots took up high amounts of plutonium (37%-50% of the added total amount). In addition to the uptake into the roots, the radionuclides can also adsorb to the exterior root surface. The solution-to-plant transfer factor showed values between 0.03 and 0.80 (Bq kg-1/ Bq L-1) for the potato tubers. By addition of the complexing agent EDTA (10-4 mol L-1), the plutonium uptake from solution increased by 58% in tubers and by 155% in shoots/leaves. The results showed that excreted substances by plants affect bioavailability of radionuclides at low concentration, on the one hand. On the other hand, the uptake of plutonium by roots and the accumulation in different plant parts can lead to non-negligible ingestion doses, even at low concentration. We are aware of the limited transferability of data obtained in hydroponic solutions to plants growing in soil. However, the aim of this study is twofold: First we want to investigate the influence of Pu speciation on plant uptake in a rather well defined system which can be modelled using available thermodynamic data. Second, techniques developed here shall be applied to the investigation of plants growing in soil in the future. The present work contributes to the basic understanding how plant induced effects on nutrient solution influence bioavailability of radionuclides and fosters the need for more detailed investigations of the complex uptake and accumulation processes of radionuclides into plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Tawussi
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dharmendra K Gupta
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena L Mühr-Ebert
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bister
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clemens Walther
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
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Medley P, Doering C, Evans F, Bollhöfer A. Natural radionuclides and stable elements in weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) from tropical northern Australia. J Environ Radioact 2017; 178-179:404-410. [PMID: 28528654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural radionuclides and stable elements were measured in weaver ants, leaves and soils collected from three sites in tropical northern Australia. Radionuclide concentration ratios for ants relative to soil were derived from the measurements and used to refine the current environmental radiological assessment for remediation of Ranger uranium mine. Use of site-specific concentration ratios for weaver ants gave a more conservative estimate of environmental exposure to the arthropod wildlife group than use of default concentration ratios in the ERICA Tool. This was primarily because the 226Ra concentration ratio for weaver ants was more than 7 times greater than for generic arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Medley
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist (ERISS), GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia.
| | - Che Doering
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist (ERISS), GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - Fiona Evans
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist (ERISS), GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - Andreas Bollhöfer
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist (ERISS), GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia; Federal Office for Radiation Protection (Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS), 79098 Freiburg, Germany
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Ahsan MT, Najam-Ul-Haq M, Idrees M, Ullah I, Afzal M. Bacterial endophytes enhance phytostabilization in soils contaminated with uranium and lead. Int J Phytoremediation 2017; 19:937-946. [PMID: 28324669 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1303813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of plants and bacteria is a promising approach for the remediation of polluted soil. In the current study, the potential of bacterial endophytes in partnership with Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth was evaluated for the remediation of uranium (U)- and lead (Pb)-contaminated soil. L. fusca was vegetated in contaminated soil and inoculated with three different endophytic bacterial strains, Pantoea stewartii ASI11, Enterobacter sp. HU38, and Microbacterium arborescens HU33, individually as well as in combination. The results showed that the L. fusca can grow in the contaminated soil. Bacterial inoculation improved plant growth and phytoremediation capacity: this manifested in the form of a 22-51% increase in root length, 25-62% increase in shoot height, 10-21% increase in chlorophyll content, and 17-59% more plant biomass in U- and Pb-contaminated soils as compared to plants without bacterial inoculation. Although L. fusca plants showed potential to accumulate U and Pb in their root and shoot on their own, bacterial consortia further enhanced metal uptake capacity by 53-88% for U and 58-97% for Pb. Our results indicate that the combination of L. fusca and endophytic bacterial consortia can effectively be used for the phytostabilization of both U- and Pb-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Ahsan
- a Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission , Islamabad , Pakistan
- b Division of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-Ul-Haq
- b Division of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | | | - Inayat Ullah
- a Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- c Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division , National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Pauget B, Villeneuve A, Redon PO, Cuvier A, de Vaufleury A. Assessment of the bioavailability and depuration of uranium, cesium and thorium in snails (Cantareus aspersus) using kinetics models. J Hazard Mater 2017; 335:75-83. [PMID: 28432972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Uranium ore waste has led to soil contamination that may affect both environmental and soil health. To analyze the risk of metal transfer, metal bioavailability must be estimated by measuring biological parameters. Kinetic studies allow taking into account the dynamic mechanisms of bioavailability, as well as the steady state concentration in organisms necessary to take into account for relevant risk assessment. In this way, this work aims to model the snail accumulation and excretion kinetics of uranium (U), cesium (Cs) and thorium (Th). Results indicate an absence of Cs and Th accumulation showing the low bioavailability of these two elements and a strong uranium accumulation in snails related to the levels of soil contamination. During the depuration phase, most of the uranium ingested was excreted by the snails. After removing the source of uranium by soil remediation, continued snails excretion of accumulated uranium would lead to the return of their initial internal concentration, thus the potential trophic transfer of this hazardous element would stop.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pauget
- Tésora, Le Visium, 22 Av. Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, France; Andra, R&D Division, Centre de Meuse/Haute-Marne, RD 960, 55290 Bure, France; University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - A Villeneuve
- Tésora, Le Visium, 22 Av. Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, France
| | - P O Redon
- Tésora, Le Visium, 22 Av. Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, France
| | - A Cuvier
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; IRSN/PRP-ENV/SESURE/Laboratoire d'études radioécologiques en milieu continental et marin, BP 1, 13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Cedex, France
| | - A de Vaufleury
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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Skoko B, Marović G, Babić D, Šoštarić M, Jukić M. Plant uptake of 238U, 235U, 232Th, 226Ra, 210Pb and 40K from a coal ash and slag disposal site and control soil under field conditions: A preliminary study. J Environ Radioact 2017; 172:113-121. [PMID: 28342343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of 238U, 235U, 232Th, 226Ra, 210Pb and 40K by plants that grow on a coal ash and slag disposal site known for its higher content of naturally occurring radionuclides. Plant species that were sampled are common for the Mediterranean flora and can be divided as follows: grasses & herbs, shrubs and trees. To compare the activity concentrations and the resultant concentration ratios of the disposal site with those in natural conditions, we used control data specific for the research area, obtained for plants growing on untreated natural soil. Radionuclide activity concentrations were determined by high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Media parameters (pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter content) were also analysed. We confirmed significantly higher activity concentrations of 238U, 235U, 226Ra and 210Pb in ash and slag compared to control soil. However, a significant increase in the radionuclide activity concentration in the disposal site's vegetation was observed only for 226Ra. On the contrary, a significantly smaller activity concentration of 40K in ash and slag had no impact on its activity concentration in plant samples. The calculated plant uptake of 238U, 235U, 226Ra and 210Pb is significantly smaller in comparison with the uptake at the control site, while it is vice versa for 40K. No significant difference was observed between the disposal site and the control site's plant uptake of 232Th. These results can be the foundation for further radioecological assessment of this disposal site but also, globally, they can contribute to a better understanding of nature and long-term management of such disposal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Božena Skoko
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Gordana Marović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dinko Babić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Šoštarić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirela Jukić
- Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Penrose B, Beresford NA, Crout NMJ, Lovatt JA, Thomson R, Broadley MR. Forage grasses with lower uptake of caesium and strontium could provide 'safer' crops for radiologically contaminated areas. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176040. [PMID: 28459808 PMCID: PMC5411070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Substitution of a species or cultivar with higher uptake of an element by one with lower uptake has been proposed as a remediation strategy following accidental releases of radioactivity. However, despite the importance of pasture systems for radiological dose, species/cultivar substitution has not been thoroughly investigated for forage grasses. 397 cultivars from four forage grass species; hybrid ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. x Lolium multiflorum Lam.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.); were sampled from 19 field-based breeding experiments in Aberystwyth and Edinburgh (UK) in spring 2013 and analysed for caesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) concentrations. In order to calculate concentration ratios (CRs; the concentration of an element in a plant in relation to the concentration in the soil), soils from the experiments were also analysed to calculate extractable concentrations of Cs and Sr. To test if cultivars have consistently low Cs and Sr concentration ratios, 17 hybrid ryegrass cultivars were sampled from both sites again in summer 2013 and spring and summer 2014. Tall fescue cultivars had lower Cs and Sr CRs than the other species. Three of the selected 17 hybrid ryegrass cultivars had consistently low Cs CRs, two had consistently low Sr CRs and one had consistently low Cs and Sr CRs. Cultivar substitution could reduce Cs CRs by up to 14-fold and Sr CRs by 4-fold in hybrid ryegrass. The identification of species and cultivars with consistently low CRs suggests that species or cultivar substitution could be an effective remediation strategy for contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Penrose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Neil M. J. Crout
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - J. Alan Lovatt
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Russell Thomson
- Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture (SASA), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Mehmood K, Berns AE, Pütz T, Burauel P, Vereecken H, Opitz T, Zoriy M, Hofmann D. No effect of digestate amendment on Cs-137 and Sr-90 translocation in lysimeter experiments. Chemosphere 2017; 172:310-315. [PMID: 28086159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The soil-plant transfer of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in different crops was determined with respect to the present-day amendment practice of using digestate from biogas fermenters. The studies were performed using large lysimeters filled with undisturbed luvisol monoliths. In contrast to the conservative tracer, Br-, neither of the studied radionuclides showed a significant vertical translocation nor effect of the applied digestate amendment compared to a non-amended control was found. Furthermore, no significant plant uptake was measured for both nuclides in wheat or oat as indicated by the low transfer factors between soil-shoot for Cs-137 (TF 0.001-0.010) and for Sr-90 (0.10-0.51). The transfer into nutritionally relevant plant parts was even lower with transfer factors for soil-grain for Cs-137 (TF 0.000-0.001) and for Sr-90 (0.01-0.06). Hence, the amendment with biogas digestate is unfortunately not an option to further reduce plant uptake of these radionuclides in agricultural crops, but it does not increase plant uptake either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Anne E Berns
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Pütz
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Burauel
- Sustainable Campus (ZC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Opitz
- Institute of Safety and Radiation Protection (S), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Myroslav Zoriy
- Institute of Safety and Radiation Protection (S), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Diana Hofmann
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Win KT, Oo AZ, Bellingrath-Kimura SD. Influence of soil types and osmotic pressure on growth and 137Cs accumulation in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). J Environ Radioact 2017; 169-170:98-103. [PMID: 28110201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil types and osmotic levels on growth and 137Cs accumulation in two blackgram varieties differing in salinity tolerance grown in Fukushima contaminated soils. The contamination levels of the sandy clay loam and clay soil were 1084 and 2046 Bq kg-1 DW, respectively. The 137Cs activity was higher in both plants grown on the sandy clay loam than on the clay soil regardless of soil 137Cs activity concentration. No significant differences were observed in all measured growth parameters between the two varieties under optimal water conditions for both types of soil. However, the growth, leaf water contents and 137Cs activity concentrations in both plants were lower in both soil types when there was water stress induced by addition of polyethylene glycol. Water stress-induced reduction in total leaf area and total biomass, in addition to leaf relative water content, were higher in salt sensitive 'Mut Pe Khaing To' than in salt tolerant 'U-Taung-2' plants for both soil types. Varietal difference in decreased 137Cs uptake under water stress was statically significant in the sandy clay loam soil, however, it was not in the clay soil. The transfer of 137Cs from soil to plants (i.e., root, stem and leaf) was higher for the sandy clay loam for both plants when compared with those of the clay soil. The decreased activity of 137Cs in the above ground samples (leaf and stem) in both plants in response to osmotic stress suggested that plant available 137Cs decreased when soil water is limited by osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thuzar Win
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Aung Zaw Oo
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Blanco Rodríguez P, Vera Tomé F, Lozano JC. Influence of soil structure on the "F v approach" applied to 238U and 226Ra. Chemosphere 2017; 168:832-838. [PMID: 27825713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The soil-to-plant transfer factors were determined in a granitic area for the two long-lived uranium series radionuclides 238U and 226Ra. With the aim to identify a physical fraction of soil whose concentration correlates linearly with the plant concentration, the soil compartment was analyzed in various stages. An initial study identified the soil compartments as being either bulk soil or its labile fraction. The bulk soil was subsequently divided into three granulometric fractions consisting of: coarse sand, fine sand, and silt and clay. The soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides for each of these three texture fractions was analyzed. Lastly, the labile fraction was extracted from each textural part, and the activity concentration of the radionuclides 238U and 226Ra was measured. In order to assess the influence of soil texture on the soil-to-plant transfer process, we sought to identify possible correlations between the activity concentration in the plant compartment and those found in the different fractions within each soil compartment. The results showed that the soil-to-plant transfer process for uranium and radium depends on soil grain size, where the results for uranium showed a linear relationship between the activity concentration of uranium in the plant and the fine soil fraction. In contrast, a linear relation between the activity concentration of radium in the plant and the soil coarse-sand fraction was observed. Additionally, the presence of phosphate and calcium in the soil of all of the compartments studied affected the soil-to-plant transfer of uranium and radium, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blanco Rodríguez
- Grupo de Radiactividad Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - F Vera Tomé
- Grupo de Radiactividad Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - J C Lozano
- Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Panitskiy АV, Lukashenko SN, Kadyrova NZ. 137Cs and 90Sr IN lizards of Semipalatinsk test site. J Environ Radioact 2017; 166:91-96. [PMID: 27157298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The paper provides research results of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides concentrations in bodies of Lacertidae family lizards, inhabiting different parts of Semipalatinsk Test Site, and the parameters of these radionuclides' transfer into lizards' bodies. It shows that high activity concentration of radionuclides in lizards' bodies can be noticed if they live directly at locally contaminated areas. Since the distance from contaminated spots exceeds home range of the studied animals, no increased values of radionuclides' activity were found in the animal bodies. At some individual radioactively contaminated spots, very high activity concentrations of 90Sr radionuclide up to 7.8 × 105 Bq kg-1 were found in lizards. So under certain conditions, lizards can significantly contribute to radionuclides redistribution in the natural environment. Mean concentration ratios (CR) of radionuclides were as follows: 137Cs-6.2 × 10-3, 90Sr-1.1 × 10-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- А V Panitskiy
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology of the NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan.
| | - S N Lukashenko
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology of the NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - N Zh Kadyrova
- Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology of the NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
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Al Attar L, Al-Oudat M, Safia B, Abdul Ghani B. Ageing impact on the transfer factor of 137Cs and 90Sr to lettuce and winter wheat. J Environ Radioact 2016; 164:19-25. [PMID: 27392140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study focuses on long-term (extending from 1 to 10 years) lysimeter experiments of the transfer factor of 137Cs and 90Sr to lettuce and winter wheat crops. Transfer factors (Fvs) were the ratio of the activity concentrations of the radionuclides in crops to those in soil, both as dry weight (Bq kg-1). Fvs of 137Cs to lettuce decreased significantly with ageing; geometric means for the 1st, 2nd and 10th year contaminated soil were 0.114, 0.030 and 0.013, respectively. However, a significant decline of Fvs for 137Cs was only seen between the 1st and 2nd year for both wheat compartments (straw and grains) which disappeared thereafter. The dynamic of 137Cs Fvs may be explained according to the distribution coefficient experiment (Kd) which had a value of 3600 L kg-1 showing a high affinity of the clay minerals for caesium. Desorption data revealed that Cs fixation enhanced with ageing. The mechanism involved may be an initial sorption of caesium species to the surface soil particles followed by progressive irreversible fixation to the interlayer of the porous clay minerals. Fvs of 90Sr were high and showed trivial variation for both crops for the time course studied. Sorption of Sr2+ species to the clay mineral may be the governing process, which was supported by high desorption percentage (ranged 77%) with low Kd, i.e. 10 L kg-1. In general, higher Fvs of 137Cs and 90Sr for lettuce was observed in comparison to winter wheat. The diversity of plant species and root systems would play essential roles for such behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Al Attar
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria.
| | - Mohammad Al-Oudat
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria
| | - Bassam Safia
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria
| | - Basem Abdul Ghani
- Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091, Syria
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Nezami S, Malakouti MJ, Bahrami Samani A, Ghannadi Maragheh M. Effect of low molecular weight organic acids on the uptake of 226Ra by corn (Zea mays L.) in a region of high natural radioactivity in Ramsar-Iran. J Environ Radioact 2016; 164:145-150. [PMID: 27458869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To study the benefit of including citric and oxalic acid treatments for phytoremediation of 226Ra contaminated soils a greenhouse experiment with corn was conducted. A soil was sampled from a region of high natural 226Ra radioactivity in Ramsar, Iran. After cultivation of corn seed and using organic acid treatments at 1, 10 and 100 mM concentrations, plants (shoots and roots) were harvested, digested and prepared to measure 226Ra activity. Simultaneously, sequential selective extraction were performed to estimate the partitioning of 226Ra among geochemical extraction. Results showed that the maximum uptake of 226Ra in plants was observed in citric acid (6.3%) and then oxalic acid (6%) at 100 mM concentration. These treatments increased radium uptake by a factor of 1.5 than the control. Enhancement of radium uptake by plants was related to soil pH reduction of organic acids in comparison to control. Also, the maximum uptake of this radionuclide in all treatments was obtained in roots compared to shoots. 226Ra fractionations results revealed that 91.8% of radium was in the residual phase of the soil and the available fractions were less than 2%. As the main percent of 226Ra was in the residual phase of the soil in this region, it seems that organic acids had not significant effect on the uptake of 226Ra for phytoremediation by corn in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Nezami
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ali Bahrami Samani
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Favas PJC, Pratas J, Mitra S, Sarkar SK, Venkatachalam P. Biogeochemistry of uranium in the soil-plant and water-plant systems in an old uranium mine. Sci Total Environ 2016; 568:350-368. [PMID: 27314898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights the uranium (U) concentrations in water-soil-plant matrices and the efficiency considering a heterogeneous assemblage of terrestrial and aquatic native plant species to act as the biomonitor and phytoremediator for environmental U-contamination in the Sevilha mine (uraniferous region of Beiras, Central Portugal). A total of 53 plant species belonging to 22 families was collected from 24 study sites along with ambient soil and/or water samples. The concentration of U showed wide range of variations in the ambient medium: 7.5 to 557mgkg(-1) for soil and 0.4 to 113μgL(-1) for water. The maximum potential of U accumulation was recorded in roots of the following terrestrial plants: Juncus squarrosus (450mgkg(-1) DW), Carlina corymbosa (181mgkg(-1) DW) and Juncus bufonius (39.9mgkg(-1) DW), followed by the aquatic macrophytes, namely Callitriche stagnalis (55.6mgkg(-1) DW) Lemna minor (53.0mgkg(-1) DW) and Riccia fluitans (50.6mgkg(-1) DW). Accumulation of U in plant tissues exhibited the following decreasing trend: root>leaves>stem>flowers/fruits and this confirms the unique efficiency of roots in accumulating this radionuclide from host soil/sediment (phytostabilization). Overall, the accumulation pattern in the studied aquatic plants (L. minor, R. fluitans, C. stagnalis and Lythrum portula) dominated over most of the terrestrial counterpart. Among terrestrial plants, the higher mean bioconcentration factor (≈1 in roots/rhizomes of C. corymbosa and J. squarrosus) and translocation factor (31 in Andryala integrifolia) were encountered in the representing families Asteraceae and Juncaceae. Hence, these terrestrial plants can be treated as the promising candidates for the development of the phytostabilization or phytoextraction methodologies based on the accumulation, abundance and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J C Favas
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Pratas
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Earth Sciences, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Geologia e Petróleo de Timor Leste, Timor-Leste
| | - Soumita Mitra
- University of Calcutta, Department of Marine Science, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- University of Calcutta, Department of Marine Science, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, West Bengal, India
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Corcho-Alvarado JA, Balsiger B, Sahli H, Astner M, Byrde F, Röllin S, Holzer R, Mosimann N, Wüthrich S, Jakob A, Burger M. Long-term behavior of (90)Sr and (137)Cs in the environment: Case studies in Switzerland. J Environ Radioact 2016; 160:54-63. [PMID: 27132253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present long-term records of the (137)Cs and (90)Sr activity concentrations in soil, grass and milk from two lowland and two alpine pastures of Switzerland. The data is used for better understanding the long-term behavior of these radionuclides in the environment. Transfer factors between compartments are used as qualitative indicators of the magnitude of transfer and as a way to compare different elements (e.g. Cs and Sr) in similar conditions. The long-term behavior was quantified by means of the effective half-life which integrates all processes that cause a decrease of activity in a given medium such as leaching, fixation, erosion and radioactive decay. Our study shows that (90)Sr is more likely transferred from alpine soil to grass than (137)Cs. This is explained by a stronger fixation of Cs in the soils. We observed higher transfers of (90)Sr to grass in soils with lower Ca concentrations, and vice versa. In contrast, the transfer of (137)Cs to grass was not affected by the variations of the K content in the soil. We provide evidence that shows that (137)Cs, after intake by dairy cattle, is more likely transferred to milk than (90)Sr. However, as the (90)Sr and Ca transfers to milk are influenced by parameters/processes that were not taken into account in our study, our result cannot be entirely validated. The effective half-lives of (137)Cs and (90)Sr in soil, grass and milk corresponded with previous estimates in alpine soils. We have found that processes other than radioactive decay are responsible for a major decrease of the (90)Sr activity in soil. For (137)Cs, on the other hand, radioactive decay is among the most relevant process. Our data shows to be of interest in studying the trends of behavior of radionuclides in alpine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Corcho-Alvarado
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland.
| | - B Balsiger
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - H Sahli
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - M Astner
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - F Byrde
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - S Röllin
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - R Holzer
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - N Mosimann
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - S Wüthrich
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - A Jakob
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - M Burger
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
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Win KT, Oo AZ, Kojima K, Salem D, Yamaya H, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Tomooka N, Kaga A, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Yokoyama T. Genotypic difference in (137)Cs accumulation and transfer from the contaminated field in Fukushima to azuki bean (Vigna angularis). J Environ Radioact 2016; 158-159:138-147. [PMID: 27105146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The screening of mini-core collection of azuki bean accessions (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) for comparative uptake of (137)Cs in their edible portions was done in field trials on land contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. Ninety seven azuki bean accessions including their wild relatives from a Japanese gene bank, were grown in a field in the Fukushima prefecture, which is located approximately 51 km north of FDNPP. The contamination level of the soil was 3665 ± 480 Bq kg(-1) dry weight ((137)Cs, average ± SD). The soil type comprised clay loam, where the sand: silt: clay proportion was 42:21:37. There was a significant varietal difference in the biomass production, radiocaesium accumulation and transfer factor (TF) of radiocaesium from the soil to edible portion. Under identical agricultural practice, the extent of (137)Cs accumulation by seeds differed between the accessions by as much as 10-fold. Inter-varietal variation was expressed at the ratio of the maximum to minimum observed (137)Cs transfer factor for seeds ranged from 0.092 to 0.009. The total biomass, time to flowering and maturity, and seed yield had negative relationship to (137)Cs activity concentration in seeds. The results suggest that certain variety/varieties of azuki bean which accumulated less (137)Cs in edible portion with preferable agronomic traits are suitable to reduce the (137)Cs accumulation in food chain on contaminated land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thuzar Win
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Aung Zaw Oo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kojima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Djedidi Salem
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamaya
- College of Bioresources Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | | | - Norihiko Tomooka
- Gene Bank, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Gene Bank, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Instutute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Instutute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Teramage MT, Onda Y, Kato H. Small scale temporal distribution of radiocesium in undisturbed coniferous forest soil: Radiocesium depth distribution profiles. J Environ Manage 2016; 170:97-104. [PMID: 26803260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The depth distribution of pre-Fukushima and Fukushima-derived (137)Cs in undisturbed coniferous forest soil was investigated at four sampling dates from nine months to 18 months after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. The migration rate and short-term temporal variability among the sampling profiles were evaluated. Taking the time elapsed since the peak deposition of pre-Fukushima (137)Cs and the median depth of the peaks, its downward displacement rates ranged from 0.15 to 0.67 mm yr(-1) with a mean of 0.46 ± 0.25 mm yr(-1). On the other hand, in each examined profile considerable amount of the Fukushima-derived (137)Cs was found in the organic layer (51%-92%). At this moment, the effect of time-distance on the downward distribution of Fukushima-derived (137)Cs seems invisible as its large portion is still found in layers where organic matter is maximal. This indicates that organic matter seems the primary and preferential sorbent of radiocesium that could be associated with the physical blockage of the exchanging sites by organic-rich dusts that act as a buffer against downward propagation of radiocesium, implying radiocesium to be remained in the root zone for considerable time period. As a result, this soil section can be a potential source of radiation dose largely due to high radiocesium concentration coupled with its low density. Generally, such kind of information will be useful to establish a dynamic safety-focused decision support system to ease and assist management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu T Teramage
- Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Institute of Radioecological and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/L2BT, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - Yuichi Onda
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamic, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba shi, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamic, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba shi, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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Fu Q, Lai JL, Tao ZY, Han N, Wu G. Characterizations of bio-accumulations, subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cesium in Brassica juncea, and Vicia faba. J Environ Radioact 2016; 154:52-59. [PMID: 26854554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We aim to investigate the tolerance and enrichment mechanism of cesium (Cs) in hyperaccumulation plants. In this study, Brassica juncea and Vicia faba were subjected to varying doses of Cs for 21 days to investigate the differences in bio-accumulations, subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cs in two cultivars by differential centrifugation, and extraction of Cs in different chemical forms, respectively. The results showed that 49.87%-61.08% of the Cs were in the leaf of B. juncea, while in V. faba, 1.58%-79.29% of the Cs was in the root. The translocation factor (TF) arrived 2.79 to 3.71 in B. juncea, while it only reached 0.26 to 0.62 in V. faba. Cs subcellular distribution of the two plants was in sequence as follows: soluble fraction > cell wall >> organelles. Cs was more easily distributed to metal-sensitive fractions of V. faba. The inorganic Cs (F-ethanol), and water-soluble Cs (F-dH2O) are the main existing types of Cs in the two plants. In B. juncea, the relative content of inorganic Cs, and organic acids/CsH2PO4 (F-dH2O) were higher than that of V. faba in the stem. This suggests that Cs may induce related transporter gene expression (such as phosphate transporter, organic cation, high affinity nitrate transporter, amino acid permease, etc.) to help the transport of Cs between root to shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Fu
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
| | - Jin-long Lai
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
| | - Zong-ya Tao
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
| | - Na Han
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
| | - Guo Wu
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
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Uematsu S, Vandenhove H, Sweeck L, Van Hees M, Wannijn J, Smolders E. Variability of the soil-to-plant radiocaesium transfer factor for Japanese soils predicted with soil and plant properties. J Environ Radioact 2016; 153:51-60. [PMID: 26717351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Food chain contamination with radiocaesium (RCs) in the aftermath of the Fukushima accident calls for an analysis of the specific factors that control the RCs transfer. Here, soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) of RCs for grass were predicted from the potassium concentration in soil solution (mK) and the Radiocaesium Interception Potential (RIP) of the soil using existing mechanistic models. The mK and RIP were (a) either measured for 37 topsoils collected from the Fukushima accident affected area or (b) predicted from the soil clay content and the soil exchangeable potassium content using the models that had been calibrated for European soils. An average ammonium concentration was used throughout in the prediction. The measured RIP ranged 14-fold and measured mK varied 37-fold among the soils. The measured RIP was lower than the RIP predicted from the soil clay content likely due to the lower content of weathered micas in the clay fraction of Japanese soils. Also the measured mK was lower than that predicted. As a result, the predicted TFs relying on the measured RIP and mK were, on average, about 22-fold larger than the TFs predicted using the European calibrated models. The geometric mean of the measured TFs for grass in the affected area (N = 82) was in the middle of both. The TFs were poorly related to soil classification classes, likely because soil fertility (mK) was obscuring the effects of the soil classification related to the soil mineralogy (RIP). This study suggests that, on average, Japanese soils are more vulnerable than European soils at equal soil clay and exchangeable K content. The affected regions will be targeted for refined model validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Uematsu
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK•CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400, Mol, Belgium; Division of Soil and Water Management, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hildegarde Vandenhove
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK•CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Lieve Sweeck
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK•CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - May Van Hees
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK•CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Jean Wannijn
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK•CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Erik Smolders
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Mihok S, Wilk M, Lapp A, St-Amant N, Kwamena NOA, Clark ID. Tritium dynamics in soils and plants grown under three irrigation regimes at a tritium processing facility in Canada. J Environ Radioact 2016; 153:176-187. [PMID: 26773512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of tritium released from nuclear facilities as tritiated water (HTO) have been studied extensively with results incorporated into regulatory assessment models. These models typically estimate organically bound tritium (OBT) for calculating public dose as OBT itself is rarely measured. Higher than expected OBT/HTO ratios in plants and soils are an emerging issue that is not well understood. To support the improvement of models, an experimental garden was set up in 2012 at a tritium processing facility in Pembroke, Ontario to characterize the circumstances under which high OBT/HTO ratios may arise. Soils and plants were sampled weekly to coincide with detailed air and stack monitoring. The design included a plot of native grass/soil, contrasted with sod and vegetables grown in barrels with commercial topsoil under natural rain and either low or high tritium irrigation water. Air monitoring indicated that the plume was present infrequently at concentrations of up to about 100 Bq/m(3) (the garden was not in a major wind sector). Mean air concentrations during the day on workdays (HTO 10.3 Bq/m(3), HT 5.8 Bq/m(3)) were higher than at other times (0.7-2.6 Bq/m(3)). Mean Tissue Free Water Tritium (TFWT) in plants and soils and OBT/HTO ratios were only very weakly or not at all correlated with releases on a weekly basis. TFWT was equal in soils and plants and in above and below ground parts of vegetables. OBT/HTO ratios in above ground parts of vegetables were above one when the main source of tritium was from high tritium irrigation water (1.5-1.8). Ratios were below one in below ground parts of vegetables when irrigated with high tritium water (0.4-0.6) and above one in vegetables rain-fed or irrigated with low tritium water (1.3-2.8). In contrast, OBT/HTO ratios were very high (9.0-13.5) when the source of tritium was mainly from the atmosphere. TFWT varied considerably through time as a result of SRBT's operations; OBT/HTO ratios showed no clear temporal pattern in above or below ground plant parts. Native soil after ∼20 years of operations at SRBT had high initial OBT that persisted through the growing season; little OBT formed in garden plot soil during experiments. High OBT in native soil appeared to be a signature of higher past releases at SRBT. This phenomenon was confirmed in soils obtained at another processing facility in Canada with a similar history. The insights into variation in OBT/HTO ratios found here are of regulatory interest and should be incorporated in assessment models to aid in the design of relevant environmental monitoring programs for OBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mihok
- Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, 280 Slater Street, P.O. Box 1046, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5S9, Canada.
| | - M Wilk
- Department of Earth Sciences, 140 Louis-Pasteur, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - A Lapp
- Department of Earth Sciences, 140 Louis-Pasteur, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - N St-Amant
- Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, 280 Slater Street, P.O. Box 1046, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5S9, Canada
| | - N-O A Kwamena
- Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, 280 Slater Street, P.O. Box 1046, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5S9, Canada
| | - I D Clark
- Department of Earth Sciences, 140 Louis-Pasteur, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Yamaji K, Nagata S, Haruma T, Ohnuki T, Kozaki T, Watanabe N, Nanba K. Root endophytic bacteria of a (137)Cs and Mn accumulator plant, Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides, increase (137)Cs and Mn desorption in the soil. J Environ Radioact 2016; 153:112-119. [PMID: 26760221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We found that root endophytes of (137)Cs accumulator plant produce siderophores, resulting in the desorption of (137)Cs from the contaminated soil collected at Fukushima, Japan. We selected an endemic Japanese deciduous tree, Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides (Franch. et Sav), that accumulates high concentrations of (137)Cs and Mn. Root endophytic bacteria were isolated from E. sciadophylloides and microbial siderophore production was evaluated via chrome azurol S (CAS) Fe and CAS Al assays. Of the 463 strains that we isolated, 107 (23.1%) produced the siderophores. Using eight strains that showed high siderophore production in our assays, we examined desorption of (137)Cs, Mn, Fe and Al by the bacterial culture filtrates from (137)Cs-contaminated soil after decomposing the soil organic matter using hydrogen peroxide. We found (137)Cs and Mn desorption concomitant with Al and Fe desorption, as well as a decrease of pH. We also detected succinic acid, a well-known siderophore, in the bacterial culture filtrates of our two root endophytic bacteria. Our results strongly suggest that the root endophytic bacteria of E. sciadophylloides produce the siderophores that enhance (137)Cs and Mn desorption in the rhizosphere, making the resulting (137)Cs and Mn ions easier for E. sciadophylloides to absorb from the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Haruma
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohnuki
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4-49, Muramatsu, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Naoko Watanabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Nanba
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1, Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
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49
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Fujimura S, Yoshioka K, Ota T, Ishikawa T, Sato M, Satou M. The inhibitory effects of potassium chloride versus potassium silicate application on (137)Cs uptake by rice. J Environ Radioact 2016; 153:188-194. [PMID: 26773513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
After the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant owned by the Tokyo Electric Power Company on 11 March 2011, potassium fertilizer was applied to agricultural fields in the southern Tohoku and northern Kanto regions of Japan to reduce the uptake of radiocesium by crops. In this study, we examined the effects of two types of potassium fertilizers, potassium chloride (a readily available potassium fertilizer) and potassium silicate (a slow-release potassium fertilizer), as well as a split application of potassium, on the accumulation of (137)Cs by rice plants in two pot experiments. The (137)Cs concentrations in the brown rice and in the above-ground plants were significantly lower after potassium chloride application than after potassium silicate application. The potassium ion (K(+)) concentrations in soil solutions sampled 9 and 21 d after transplanting were significantly higher for the potassium chloride application than for the potassium silicate application. The K(+) concentrations in soil solutions observed in the application of potassium silicate were similar to those in the treatment when no potassium was applied. This finding indicates that the application of potassium silicate did not sufficiently increase the available K(+) for rice plants in the soil, which led to a greater uptake of (137)Cs after the potassium silicate application than after the application of potassium chloride. The (137)Cs concentration in brown rice was higher in the split application of potassium fertilizer with the second application at the full heading stage than that without split application and the split application with the second application before heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Fujimura
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Kunio Yoshioka
- Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, 116 Shimonakamichi, Takakura-Aza, Hiwada-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0531, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ota
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Makoto Sato
- Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, 116 Shimonakamichi, Takakura-Aza, Hiwada-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0531, Japan.
| | - Mutsuto Satou
- Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, 116 Shimonakamichi, Takakura-Aza, Hiwada-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0531, Japan.
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Hirono Y, Nonaka K. Time series changes in radiocaesium distribution in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.)) after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J Environ Radioact 2016; 152:119-126. [PMID: 26695880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiocaesium ((134)Cs and (137)Cs) release following the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant, belonging to the Tokyo Electric Power Company caused severe contamination of new tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.)) shoots by radiocaesium in many prefectures in eastern Japan. Because tea plants are perennial crops, there is the fear that the contamination might last for a long time. The objectives of this study were to reveal time series changes in the distribution of radiocaesium in tea plants after radioactive fallout and to evaluate the effect of pruning on reduction of radiocaesium concentrations in new shoots growing next year. The experimental tea field was located in Shizuoka, Japan, approximately 400 km away from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in a southwest direction. Time series changes in radiocaesium concentrations in unrefined tea, a tea product primarily produced for making Japanese green tea, from May 2011 to June 2013 and distribution of radiocaesium in tea plants from May 2011 to May 2012 were monitored. The radiocaesium concentrations in unrefined tea exponentially decreased; the effective half-lives for (134)Cs and (137)Cs were 0.30 and 0.36 y during the first 2 y after the accident, respectively. With time, the highest concentrations of (137)Cs moved from the upper to the lower parts of plants. Medium pruning 2-3 months after the accident reduced the concentration of (137)Cs in new shoots harvested in the first crop season of the following year by 56% compared with unpruned tea plants; thus, pruning is an effective measure for reducing radiocaesium concentration in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Hirono
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2769, Kanaya-Shishidoi, Shimada, Shizuoka 428-8501, Japan.
| | - Kunihiko Nonaka
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2769, Kanaya-Shishidoi, Shimada, Shizuoka 428-8501, Japan
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