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Díaz SM, Barrios ME, Galli L, Cammarata RV, Torres C, Fortunato MS, García López G, Costa M, Sanguino Jorquera DG, Oderiz S, Rogé A, Gentiluomo J, Carbonari C, Rajal VB, Korol SE, Gallego A, Blanco Fernández MD, Mbayed VA. Microbiological hazard identification in river waters used for recreational activities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118161. [PMID: 38220078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites can cause waterborne disease outbreaks. The study of coastal water quality contributes to identifying potential risks to human health and to improving water management practices. The Río de la Plata River, a wide estuary in South America, is used for recreational activities, as a water source for consumption and as a site for sewage discharges. In the present study, as the first step of a quantitative microbial risk assessment of the coastal water quality of this river, a descriptive study was performed to identify the microbial pathogens prevalent in its waters and in the sewage discharged into the river. Two sites, representing two different potential risk scenarios, were chosen: a heavily polluted beach and an apparently safe beach. Conductivity and fecal contamination indicators including enterococci, Escherichia coli, F + RNA bacteriophages, and human polyomaviruses showed high levels. Regarding enterococci, differences between sites were significant (p-values <0.001). 93.3% and 56.5% of the apparently safe beach exceeded the recreational water limits for E. coli and enterococci. Regarding pathogens, diarrheagenic E. coli, Salmonella, and noroviruses were detected with different frequencies between sites. The parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were frequently detected in both sites. The results regarding viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens, even without correlation with conventional indicators, showed the importance of monitoring a variety of microorganisms to determine water quality more reliably and accurately, and to facilitate further studies of health risk assessment. The taxonomic description of microbial pathogens in river waters allow identifying the microorganisms that infect the population living on its shores but also pathogens not previously reported by the clinical surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Micaela Díaz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Elizabeth Barrios
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Galli
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. 60 y 118 (B1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Robertina Viviana Cammarata
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Susana Fortunato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Junín 954 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García López
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Junín 954 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Costa
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. 60 y 118 (B1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Gastón Sanguino Jorquera
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150 (A4408FVY), Salta, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Oderiz
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Departamento Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Rogé
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Departamento Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Gentiluomo
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Departamento Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Carbonari
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Departamento Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150 (A4408FVY), Salta, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería. UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150 (A4408FVY), Salta, Argentina
| | - Sonia Edith Korol
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Junín 954 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Gallego
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Junín 954 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Dolores Blanco Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Viviana Andrea Mbayed
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Luqman M, Awan MUF, Muhammad S, Daud S, Yousafzai A, Arooj F. Microbial pollution in inland recreational freshwaters of Quetta, Pakistan: an initial report. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:575-588. [PMID: 35350009 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic contamination of surface waters, especially recreational waters, is a serious problem for under-developed nations like Pakistan, where numerous outbreaks of parasitic diseases are reported each year. In the current study, parasitic presence in two surface waters (Hanna Lake and Wali-Tangi Dam) of Quetta was monitored quarterly for 1 year. The methodology involved the pre-concentration of the water samples and the subsequent preparation for the microscopic search of parasites. Physico-chemical and bacteriological variables were also studied. Wet staining, modified Trichrome staining, and modified acid-fast staining methods were used to identify various parasitic forms (cysts, oocysts, eggs, trophozoites). Collectively 11 parasitic elements (10 in Lake and 8 in Dam) belonging to 10 species were recorded, many of which are potential human pathogens. The species identified include Trichomonas sp., Isospora sp., Balantidium coli, Cryptosporidium sp., Entamoeba spp., amoebas, Microsporidium sp., Endolimax nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Giardia spp. Parasitic contamination remained persistent in both locations throughout the year independent of physico-chemical parameters (temperature, EC, pH, turbidity, and DO) and bacterial concentration of water. Reliance on bacterial presence for monitoring of recreational waters can be a risk for tourists. Entamoeba spp. and A. lumbricoides may be used for surface water monitoring in these waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman
- Department of Environment Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, Pakistan E-mail:
| | | | - Sohaib Muhammad
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Kachehry Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakeela Daud
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Baleli Road, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Asma Yousafzai
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Baleli Road, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Arooj
- Department of Environment Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, Pakistan E-mail:
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Masachessi G, Prez VE, Michelena JF, Lizasoain A, Ferreyra LJ, Martínez LC, Giordano MO, Barril PA, Paván JV, Pisano MB, Farías AA, Isa MB, Ré VE, Colina R, Nates SV. Proposal of a pathway for enteric virus groups detection as indicators of faecal contamination to enhance the evaluation of microbiological quality in freshwater in Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143400. [PMID: 33199001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An environmental survey was conducted in order to assess the frequency of detection of picobirnavirus (PBV), human adenovirus (HAdV) and infective enterovirus (iEV) as indicators of faecal contamination in freshwater, and to determine their potential as reporters of the presence of other enteric viruses, such as group A rotavirus (RVA). The study was carried out over a three-year period (2013-2015) in the San Roque Dam, Córdoba, Argentina. The overall frequency detection was 62.9% for PBV, 64.2% for HAdV and 70.4% for iEV. No significant differences were observed in the rates of detection for any of these viruses through the years studied, and a seasonal pattern was not present. Whenever there was RVA detection in the samples analyzed, there was also detection of iEV and/or HAdV and/or PBV. At least one of the viral groups analyzed was demonstrated in the 100% of the samples with faecal coliforms values within the guideline limits. In this setting, especially in those samples which reveal faecal indicator bacteria within the guideline limit, we propose to carry out a pathway, involving PBV, HAdV and iEV detection in order to enhance the evaluation of microbiological quality in freshwater in Argentina. The proposed methodological strategy could report faecal contamination in water, mainly of human origin, and the condition of the matrix to maintain viral viability. In addition, the viral groups selected could report the presence of RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Masachessi
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina.
| | - V E Prez
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina
| | - J F Michelena
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular-Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Norte-Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - L J Ferreyra
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L C Martínez
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M O Giordano
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P A Barril
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina; Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI A.C.), Expedicionarios del Desierto 1310, CP 8309 Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - J V Paván
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M B Pisano
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina
| | - A A Farías
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M B Isa
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - V E Ré
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular-Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Norte-Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - S V Nates
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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López GR, Martinez LM, Freyre L, Freire MC, Vladimirsky S, Rabossi A, Cisterna DM. Persistent Detection of Cosavirus and Saffold Cardiovirus in Riachuelo River, Argentina. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2021; 13:64-73. [PMID: 33165867 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-020-09451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cosaviruses (CoSV) and Saffold cardiovirus (SAFV) are novel members of the Picornaviridae family. The Matanza-Riachuelo river basin covers a total area of 2200 km2 with approximately 60 km long. Its last section is called Riachuelo River. The aim of this study was to describe the circulation of both picornaviruses and their relationship with the environmental situation of the Riachuelo River using 274 samples collected from 2005 to 2015. CoSV and SAFV were investigated in samples available by two periods: 2005-2006 and 2014-2015 (103 and 101, respectively). Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters confirmed very high levels of human fecal contamination during the 11 years evaluated. CoSV was detected in 85.7% (66/77) and 65.4% (17/26) of the samples collected in 2005-2006 and 2014-2015 periods, respectively. Species A and D were identified, the first one being widely predominant: 74.1% (20/27) and 75.0% (3/4) in both periods. SAFV virus was detected in 47.1% (32/68) and 52.6% (10/19) in periods 2005-2006 and 2014-2015, respectively. SAFV-6 was the most identified genotype in the entire study, while SAFV-3 was predominant in 2005-2006. The contribution of genotypes 1, 2, 4 and 8 was minor. The high prevalence of CoSV and SAFV suggests that both viruses have been circulating in Argentina at least since 2005. Our results show that a watercourse with high rates of human fecal contamination can become a persistent source of new viruses which capacity to produce human diseases is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Riviello López
- Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. Eduardo Madero 235 (1106ACC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Leila Marina Martinez
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran", Av. Velez Sarsfield 563 (1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Freyre
- Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. Eduardo Madero 235 (1106ACC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Freire
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran", Av. Velez Sarsfield 563 (1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara Vladimirsky
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran", Av. Velez Sarsfield 563 (1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Rabossi
- IIBBA-CONICET and FIL, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405BWE), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Marcelo Cisterna
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran", Av. Velez Sarsfield 563 (1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Prez VE, Poma HR, Giordano GG, Victoria M, Nates SV, Rajal VB, Barril PA. Rotavirus contamination of surface waters from the northwest of Argentina. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:409-415. [PMID: 32589625 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fecal pollution of water is a serious concern because it is associated with the transmission of pathogens. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of group A rotavirus (RVA) in surface waters from the Arias-Arenales River in Salta, a northern city in Argentina, and to define possible sources of fecal viral pollution. A total of 116 water samples were analyzed and RVA was detected in 3.4% (95% CI: 0.1-7.0%), with concentrations ranging from 1.9 × 105 to 3.8 × 106 genome copies per liter. RVA strains were characterized as G1P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8], which are common genotypes circulating in the local population. The Arias-Arenales River presented unusual and sporadic contamination by RVA, originated from stormwater discharges and a variety of non-identified sources, and support the essential need of viral indicators for enhanced monitoring of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Emilse Prez
- Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina E-mail:
| | - Hugo Ramiro Poma
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina E-mail: ; Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gisela Giordano
- Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Matías Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Viviana Nates
- Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina E-mail: ; Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina and Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Patricia Angélica Barril
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina E-mail: ; Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria - Asociación Civil (CIATI A.C.), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina
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Pisano MB, Lugo BC, Poma R, Cristóbal HA, Raskovsky V, Martínez Wassaf MG, Rajal VB, Ré VE. Environmental hepatitis E virus detection supported by serological evidence in the northwest of Argentina. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 112:181-187. [PMID: 29800346 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emergent cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Water contamination is a possible source of viral infection. In South America, particularly in Argentina, little is known about environmental HEV circulation, including recreational water. The aim of this work was to provide evidence of current environmental and human circulation of HEV in northern Argentina. Methods Molecular detection of HEV in water samples from the Arias-Arenales River in the city of Salta by nested polymerase chain reaction (ORF2 region) and anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM detection in the general population by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out. Results HEV RNA was detected in 1.6% (3/189) of the environmental samples. All sequences belonged to HEV genotype 3 and were very similar to those previously detected in the country. The prevalence of IgG anti-HEV was 9% (13/143) and three samples were positive for specific IgM. Conclusions Circulation of HEV in the northwest of Argentina was demonstrated for the first time, showing viral presence in environmental samples and infections in people who attended health care centres for routine control. These findings show that recreational waters are a possible source of virus and highlight the need to carry out HEV detection when a case of hepatitis occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Pisano
- Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016, Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Av. Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belén C Lugo
- Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Poma
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, CP: 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Héctor A Cristóbal
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, CP: 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Viviana Raskovsky
- Hospital Señor del Milagro, Av. Sarmiento 557, CP: 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Maribel G Martínez Wassaf
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Av. Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Virología y biología molecular, LACE, Av. Vélez Sársfield 528, X5000JJS, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica B Rajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, CP: 4400, Salta, Argentina.,Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bernardo Houssay 1099, CP: 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Viviana E Ré
- Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016, Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Av. Armada Argentina 3555, X5016DHK, Córdoba, Argentina
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Poma HR, Kundu A, Wuertz S, Rajal VB. Data fitting approach more critical than exposure scenarios and treatment of censored data for quantitative microbial risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 154:45-53. [PMID: 30771706 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recreational waters are a source of many diseases caused by human viral pathogens, including norovirus genogroup II (NoV GII) and enterovirus (EV). Water samples from the Arenales river in Salta, Argentina, were concentrated by ultrafiltration and analyzed for the concentrations of NoV GII and EV by quantitative PCR. Out of 65 samples, 61 and 59 were non-detects (below the Sample Limit of Detection limit, SLOD) for EV and NoV GII, respectively. We hypothesized that a finite number of environmental samples would lead to different conclusions regarding human health risks based on how data were treated and fitted to existing distribution functions. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was performed and the risk of infection was calculated using: (a) two methodological approaches to find the distributions that best fit the data sets (methods H and R), (b) four different exposure scenarios (primary contact for children and adults and secondary contact by spray inhalation/ingestion and hand-to-mouth contact), and (c) five alternatives for treating censored data. The risk of infection for NoV GII was much higher (and exceeded in most cases the acceptable value established by the USEPA) than for EV (in almost all the scenarios within the recommended limit), mainly due to the low infectious dose of NoV. The type of methodology used to fit the monitoring data was critical for these datasets with numerous non-detects, leading to very different estimates of risk. Method R resulted in higher projected risks than Method H. Regarding the alternatives for treating censored data, replacing non-detects by a unique value like the average or median SLOD to simplify the calculations led to the loss of information about the particular characteristics of each sample. In addition, the average SLOD was highly impacted by extreme values (due to events such as precipitations or point source contamination). Instead, using the SLOD or half- SLOD captured the uniqueness of each sample since they account for the history of the sample including the concentration procedure and the detection method used. Finally, substitution of non-detects by Zero is not realistic since a negative result would be associated with a SLOD that can change by developing more efficient and sensitive methodology; hence this approach would lead to an underestimation of the health risk. Our findings suggest that in most cases the use of the half-SLOD approach is appropriate for QMRA modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ramiro Poma
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, 4400, Argentina
| | - Arti Kundu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, 4400, Argentina; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Salta, Argentina.
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Enteric Viruses in Surface Waters from Argentina: Molecular and Viable-Virus Detection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02327-17. [PMID: 29269500 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02327-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water resources contaminated with wastewater are an important source for the dissemination of enteric viruses with an impact on the health of the population. The aim of the study was to assess the viral contamination of freshwater from a dam in Argentina by using infectious enterovirus detection, viral RNA amplification, and a genetic characterization of five enteric viruses associated with diarrhea and hepatitis. Enterovirus infectivity (iEV) was evaluated by cell culture and direct immunofluorescence. The detection of the viral genome of rotavirus (RV), human astrovirus (HAstV), norovirus (NoV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was performed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). A total of 48 water samples from 4 monitoring points on the body of the dam from January to December 2012 and 66 water samples from 3 tourist beaches on the edge of the dam from October 2013 to October 2015 were collected monthly. During the first period, the overall viral frequency detection was 52.1% for group A RV, 50% for HAstV, 60.4% for NoV, 22.9% for HAV, 2.1% for HEV, and 64.6% for iEV. The overall frequency detection for the second sampling was 18.2% for RV and HAstV, 31.8% for NoV, 7.57% for HEV, and 66.7% for iEV. There was no detection of HAV during this period. The genotypes and genogroups detected through the study correlated with the most common genomic variants associated with human gastrointestinal and hepatitis illnesses. The results obtained could alert the health systems and environmental sanitation to make decisions for viral control and prevention in our environment.IMPORTANCE The study shows the impact of anthropic contamination of one of the most important tourist water resources in Argentina. This course of recreational water would be a favorable scenario for infection, as well as a reservoir for the enteric viruses, creating a risk for the population exposed to these waters. The results obtained could alert the health systems and environmental sanitation to make decisions for the control and prevention of viral diseases in this environment.
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Blanco Fernández MD, Barrios ME, Cammarata RV, Torres C, Taboga OA, Mbayed VA. Comparison of internal process control viruses for detection of food and waterborne viruses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4289-4298. [PMID: 28357543 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enteric viruses are pathogens associated with food- and waterborne outbreaks. The recovery of viruses from food or water samples is affected by the procedures applied to detect and concentrate them. The incorporation of an internal process control virus to the analyses allows monitoring the performance of the methodology. The aim of this study was to produce a recombinant adenovirus (rAdV) and apply it together with bacteriophage PP7 as process controls. The rAdV carries a DNA construction in its genome to differentiate it from wild-type adenovirus by qPCR. The stability of both control viruses was evaluated at different pH conditions. The rAdV was stable at pH 3, 7, and 10 for 18 h. PP7 infectious particles were stable at pH 7 and showed a 2.14 log reduction at pH 10 and total decay at pH 3 after 18 h. Three virus concentration methods were evaluated: hollow-fiber tap water ultrafiltration, wastewater ultracentrifugation, and elution-PEG precipitation from lettuce. Total and infectious viruses were quantified and their recoveries were calculated. Virus recovery for rAdV and PP7 by ultrafiltration showed a wide range (2.10-84.42 and 13.54-84.62%, respectively), whereas that by ultracentrifugation was 5.05-13.71 and 6.98-13.27%, respectively. The performance of ultracentrifugation to concentrate norovirus and enteroviruses present in sewage was not significantly different to the recovery of control viruses. For detection of viruses from lettuce, genomic copies of PP7 were significantly more highly recovered than adenovirus (14.74-18.82 and 0.00-3.44%, respectively). The recovery of infectious virus particles was significantly affected during sewage ultracentrifugation and concentration from lettuce. The simultaneous use of virus controls with dissimilar characteristics and behaviors might resemble different enteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Blanco Fernández
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Melina Elizabeth Barrios
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Godoy Cruz 2370, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Robertina Viviana Cammarata
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Alberto Taboga
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Andrea Mbayed
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Torres C, Barrios ME, Cammarata RV, Cisterna DM, Estrada T, Martini Novas S, Cahn P, Blanco Fernández MD, Mbayed VA. High diversity of human polyomaviruses in environmental and clinical samples in Argentina: Detection of JC, BK, Merkel-cell, Malawi, and human 6 and 7 polyomaviruses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:192-202. [PMID: 26519580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
New human polyomaviruses have been recently described. The aim of this work was to detect and characterize human polyomaviruses circulating in Argentina by recovering viruses from environmental and sewage samples and evaluating their potential role as viral indicators of human waste contamination. Analysis was performed in a wider context including viruses from clinical samples from an immunocompromised population. River water and sewage samples were analyzed as a strategy to study the molecular epidemiology of viruses excreted by millions of people. Samples belonged to the Matanza-Riachuelo River (2005-2006: n=25 and 2012: n=20) and sewage from Buenos Aires city and suburbs (2011 and 2013: n=24). Viral detection was performed by PCR and the amplified viral genomes were characterized by phylogenetic analysis. Polyomaviruses were detected in 95.8% of sewage samples, identifying BKPyV (87.5%), JCPyV (83.3%), MCPyV (8.3%) and HPyV6 (8.3%). Besides, one sample collected in 2009 resulted positive for HPyV7. In 2005-2006, polyomaviruses were detected in 84.0% of river water samples, with the highest detection for MCPyV (52.0%), followed by BKPyV (44.0%), JCPyV (20.0%) and MWPyV (4.0%). In 2012, polyomaviruses were detected in 85.0% of river samples, finding JCPyV (85.0%), BKPyV (75.0%), MCPyV (25.0%) and HPyV6 (25.0%). Also, polyomaviruses, including JCPyV, BKPyV and MCPyV, were detected in 63.2% of urine samples from patients infected with HIV (n=19). Characterization indicated the coexistence of different genotypes and variants for each virus, particularly in sewage. MCPyV sequences (the only sequences from Argentina) formed a monophyletic group with the single sequence available for South America (French Guiana). The high level of detection and viral diversity found by environmental surveillance, which involved the characterization of viruses not previously described in South America, reinforces the usefulness of this approach to monitor viral contamination and describe the viral epidemiology in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Torres
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1113AAD), Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1033AAJ), Argentina.
| | - Melina Elizabeth Barrios
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1113AAD), Argentina
| | - Robertina Viviana Cammarata
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1113AAD), Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1033AAJ), Argentina
| | - Daniel Marcelo Cisterna
- Servicio de Neurovirosis, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1282AFF), Argentina
| | - Tatiana Estrada
- División Infectología, Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández", Cerviño 3356, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1425AGP), Argentina
| | - Sergio Martini Novas
- División Infectología, Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández", Cerviño 3356, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1425AGP), Argentina
| | - Pedro Cahn
- División Infectología, Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández", Cerviño 3356, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1425AGP), Argentina
| | - María Dolores Blanco Fernández
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1113AAD), Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1033AAJ), Argentina
| | - Viviana Andrea Mbayed
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1113AAD), Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1033AAJ), Argentina
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11
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Prez VE, Gil PI, Temprana CF, Cuadrado PR, Martínez LC, Giordano MO, Masachessi G, Isa MB, Ré VE, Paván JV, Nates SV, Barril PA. Quantification of human infection risk caused by rotavirus in surface waters from Córdoba, Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:220-9. [PMID: 26311578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fecal contamination of water is a worrying problem because it is associated with the transmission of enteric pathogenic microorganisms that can cause many infectious diseases. In this study, an environmental survey was conducted to assess the level of viral contamination by viable enterovirus and rotavirus genome in two recreational rivers (Suquía and Xanaes) of Córdoba, Argentina. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was calculated to estimate the risk of rotavirus infection. Water sampling was carried out during a one-year period, the presence of total and fecal coliforms was determined and water samples were then concentrated for viral determination. Cell culture and indirect immunofluorescence were applied for enterovirus detection and RT-qPCR for rotavirus quantification. Coliform bacteria levels found in Suquía River often far exceeded the guideline limits for recreational waters. The Xanaes exhibited a lower level of bacterial contamination, frequently within the guideline limits. Enterovirus and rotavirus were frequently detected in the monitoring rivers (percentage of positive samples in Suquía: 78.6% enterovirus, 100% rotavirus; in Xanaes: 87.5% enterovirus, 18.7% rotavirus). Rotavirus was detected at a media concentration of 5.7×10(5) genome copies/L (gc/L) in the Suquía and 8.5×10(0)gc/L in the Xanaes. QMRA revealed high risk of rotavirus infection in the Suquía, at sampling points with acceptable and non-acceptable bacteria numbers. The Xanaes showed significantly lower health risk of rotavirus infection but it proved to be a public health hazard. The viral occurrence was not readily explained by the levels of bacteria indicators, thus viral monitoring should be included to determine microbiological water quality. These findings provide the first data of QMRA for recreational waters in Argentina and reveal the need for public awareness of the health implications of the use of the river waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Prez
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P I Gil
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C F Temprana
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P R Cuadrado
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L C Martínez
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M O Giordano
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G Masachessi
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M B Isa
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - V E Ré
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J V Paván
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S V Nates
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P A Barril
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Ganime A, Leite J, de Abreu Corrêa A, Melgaço F, Carvalho-Costa F, Miagostovich M. Evaluation of the swab sampling method to recover viruses from fomites. J Virol Methods 2015; 217:24-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Tracking novel adenovirus in environmental and human clinical samples: no evidence of endemic human adenovirus type 58 circulation in Córdoba city, Argentina. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:1427-31. [PMID: 25165987 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several types of human adenovirus (HAdV) have arisen from the recombination between two or more previously known HAdV types, but their epidemiology is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the circulation of HAdV-58, a recently described HAdV isolated from an HIV-positive patient in Córdoba city, Argentina. For this purpose, a 30-month survey was conducted to study the presence of this type of adenovirus in sewage samples collected at the inlet from a wastewater treatment plant in Córdoba city, Argentina. Complementarily, the virus was sought in stools of HIV-positive patients. Although HAdVs were detected in human stool samples and in a high percentage of sewage samples, no evidence of HAdV-58 circulation was detected. We suggest that there is no endemic circulation of HAdV-58 in the geographical local area. The trend is that the number of identified HAdVs increases over time. In this context, understanding the current circulating HAdVs may be biologically relevant.
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Cacciabue DG, Juárez MM, Poma HR, Garcé B, Rajal VB. Cuantificación y evaluación de la estacionalidad de elementos parasitarios en ambientes acuáticos recreativos de la provincia de Salta, Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2014; 46:150-60. [DOI: 10.1016/s0325-7541(14)70064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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