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Soboleva ES, Kirilenko KM, Fedorova VS, Kokhanenko AA, Artemov GN, Sharakhov IV. Two Nested Inversions in the X Chromosome Differentiate the Dominant Malaria Vectors in Europe, Anopheles atroparvus and Anopheles messeae. INSECTS 2024; 15:312. [PMID: 38786868 PMCID: PMC11122324 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Maculipennis subgroup of malaria mosquitoes includes both dominant malaria vectors and non-vectors in Eurasia. Understanding the genetic factors, particularly chromosomal inversions, that differentiate Anopheles species can provide valuable insights for vector control strategies. Although autosomal inversions between the species in this subgroup have been characterized based on the chromosomal banding patterns, the number and positions of rearrangements in the X chromosome remain unclear due to the divergent banding patterns. Here, we identified two large X chromosomal inversions, approximately 13 Mb and 10 Mb in size, using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The inversion breakpoint regions were mapped by hybridizing 53 gene markers with polytene chromosomes of An. messeae. The DNA probes were designed based on gene sequences from the annotated An. atroparvus genome. The two nested inversions resulted in five syntenic blocks. Only two small syntenic blocks, which encompass 181 annotated genes in the An. atroparvus genome, changed their position and orientation in the X chromosome. The analysis of the An. atroparvus genome revealed an enrichment of gene ontology terms associated with immune system and mating behavior in the rearranged syntenic blocks. Additionally, the enrichment of DNA transposons was found in sequences homologous to three of the four breakpoint regions. This study demonstrates the successful application of the physical genome mapping approach to identify rearrangements that differentiate species in insects with polytene chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia S. Soboleva
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environmental Protection, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Kirill M. Kirilenko
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environmental Protection, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Valentina S. Fedorova
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environmental Protection, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Alina A. Kokhanenko
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environmental Protection, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Gleb N. Artemov
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environmental Protection, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Igor V. Sharakhov
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environmental Protection, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Department of Entomology, the Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 360 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Ma LJ, Cao LJ, Chen JC, Tang MQ, Song W, Yang FY, Shen XJ, Ren YJ, Yang Q, Li H, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Rapid and Repeated Climate Adaptation Involving Chromosome Inversions following Invasion of an Insect. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae044. [PMID: 38401527 PMCID: PMC10924284 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Following invasion, insects can become adapted to conditions experienced in their invasive range, but there are few studies on the speed of adaptation and its genomic basis. Here, we examine a small insect pest, Thrips palmi, following its contemporary range expansion across a sharp climate gradient from the subtropics to temperate areas. We first found a geographically associated population genetic structure and inferred a stepping-stone dispersal pattern in this pest from the open fields of southern China to greenhouse environments of northern regions, with limited gene flow after colonization. In common garden experiments, both the field and greenhouse groups exhibited clinal patterns in thermal tolerance as measured by critical thermal maximum (CTmax) closely linked with latitude and temperature variables. A selection experiment reinforced the evolutionary potential of CTmax with an estimated h2 of 6.8% for the trait. We identified 3 inversions in the genome that were closely associated with CTmax, accounting for 49.9%, 19.6%, and 8.6% of the variance in CTmax among populations. Other genomic variations in CTmax outside the inversion region were specific to certain populations but functionally conserved. These findings highlight rapid adaptation to CTmax in both open field and greenhouse populations and reiterate the importance of inversions behaving as large-effect alleles in climate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Meng-Qing Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ya-Jing Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Feldmeyer B, Bornberg-Bauer E, Dohmen E, Fouks B, Heckenhauer J, Huylmans AK, Jones ARC, Stolle E, Harrison MC. Comparative Evolutionary Genomics in Insects. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2802:473-514. [PMID: 38819569 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3838-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Genome sequencing quality, in terms of both read length and accuracy, is constantly improving. By combining long-read sequencing technologies with various scaffolding techniques, chromosome-level genome assemblies are now achievable at an affordable price for non-model organisms. Insects represent an exciting taxon for studying the genomic underpinnings of evolutionary innovations, due to ancient origins, immense species-richness, and broad phenotypic diversity. Here we summarize some of the most important methods for carrying out a comparative genomics study on insects. We describe available tools and offer concrete tips on all stages of such an endeavor from DNA extraction through genome sequencing, annotation, and several evolutionary analyses. Along the way we describe important insect-specific aspects, such as DNA extraction difficulties or gene families that are particularly difficult to annotate, and offer solutions. We describe results from several examples of comparative genomics analyses on insects to illustrate the fascinating questions that can now be addressed in this new age of genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Feldmeyer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Molecular Ecology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elias Dohmen
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bertrand Fouks
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Heckenhauer
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann Kathrin Huylmans
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alun R C Jones
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eckart Stolle
- Museum Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark C Harrison
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Bodelón A, Fablet M, Siqueira de Oliveira D, Vieira C, García Guerreiro MP. Impact of Heat Stress on Transposable Element Expression and Derived Small RNAs in Drosophila subobscura. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad189. [PMID: 37847062 PMCID: PMC10627563 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is forcing insect populations to move and adapt, triggering adaptive genetic responses. Thermal stress is known to alter gene expression, repressing the transcription of active genes, and inducing others, such as those encoding heat shock proteins. It has also been related to the activation of some specific transposable element (TE) families. However, the actual magnitude of this stress on the whole genome and the factors involved in these genomic changes are still unclear. We studied mRNAs and small RNAs in gonads of two Drosophila subobscura populations, considered a good model to study adaptation to temperature changes. In control conditions, we found that a few genes and TE families were differentially expressed between populations, pointing out their putative involvement in the adaptation of populations to their different environments. Under heat stress, sex-specific changes in gene expression together with a trend toward overexpression, mainly of heat shock response-related genes, were observed. We did not observe large changes of TE expression nor small RNA production due to stress. Only population and sex-specific expression changes of some TE families (mainly retrotransposons), or the amounts of siRNAs and piRNAs, derived from specific TE families were observed, as well as the piRNA production from some piRNA clusters. Changes in small RNA amounts and TE expression could not be clearly correlated, indicating that other factors as chromatin modulation could also be involved. This work provides the first whole transcriptomic study including genes, TEs, and small RNAs after a heat stress in D. subobscura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Bodelón
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformática i Biologia Evolutiva, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia (Edifici C), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie Fablet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS; UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Siqueira de Oliveira
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS; UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Vieira
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS; UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maria Pilar García Guerreiro
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformática i Biologia Evolutiva, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia (Edifici C), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zivanovic G, Arenas C, Mestres F. The Adaptive Value of Chromosomal Inversions and Climatic Change-Studies on the Natural Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkans. INSECTS 2023; 14:596. [PMID: 37504602 PMCID: PMC10380441 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive value of the Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion polymorphism with regard to environmental effects is well-known. However, the specific details of the inversion adaptations to the global warming scenario deserve to be analyzed. Toward this aim, polymorphism and karyotypes were studied in 574 individuals from Petnica (Serbia) in annual samples taken in June for the period 2019-2022. Comparing the results of Petnica (Cfa: humid subtropical climate) with those from Avala (Serbia: Cfb, temperate oceanic climate) and Font Groga (Barcelona, Spain; Csa: hot-summer Mediterranean climate), significant differences were observed for their chromosomal polymorphism. In Petnica, inversions from U and E chromosomes mainly reacted significantly with regard to temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Moreover, the inversion polymorphism from Petnica (2019-2022) was compared with that from 1995. In this period, a significant increase in mean and maximum temperature was observed. However, to properly explain the observed variations of inversions over time, it was necessary to carefully analyze annual seasonal changes and particular heat wave episodes. Interestingly, yearly fluctuations of U chromosome 'warm'-adapted inversions corresponded with opposite changes in 'non-thermal' inversions. Perhaps these types of inversions were not correctly defined with regard to thermal adaptation, or these fluctuations were also due to adaptations to other physical and/or biological variables. Finally, a joint study of chromosomal inversion polymorphism from many Balkan populations of D. subobscura indicated that different climatic regions presented distinct composition, including thermal-adapted inversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Zivanovic
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Concepció Arenas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció d'Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Mestres
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció de Genètica Biomèdica, Evolutiva i Desenvolupament and IRBio (Institut de Recerca per la Biodiversitat), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Erić K, Veselinović MS, Patenković A, Davidović S, Erić P, Stamenković-Radak M, Tanasković M. Population History Shapes Responses to Different Temperature Regimes in Drosophila subobscura. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1333. [PMID: 37374116 DOI: 10.3390/life13061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila subobscura is considered a good model species for investigation of a population's ability to adapt and cope with climate changes. Decade long research has shown that inversion frequencies change in response to environmental factors indicating their role in adaptation to novel environments. The mechanisms behind organisms' responses to temperature are complex, involving changes in physiology, behavior, gene expression and regulation. On the other hand, a population's ability to respond to suboptimal conditions depends on standing genetic variation and population history. In order to elucidate the role of local adaptation in population response to the changing temperature, we investigated the response to temperature in D. subobscura individuals originating from two different altitudes by combining traditional cytogenetic techniques with assessing the levels of Hsp70 protein expression. Inversion polymorphism was assessed in the flies sampled from natural populations and in flies reared in laboratory conditions at three different temperatures after five and sixteen generations and Hsp70 protein expression profile in 12th generation flies at the basal level and after heat shock induction. Our results indicate that local adaptation and population history influence population response to the changing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Erić
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Patenković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Davidović
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Erić
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Tanasković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Khadem M, Arenas C, Balanyà J, Mestres F. Long-term changes in the inversion chromosomal polymorphism: Drosophila subobscura population from Rasht (north of Iran). J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Zivanovic G, Arenas C, Mestres F. Adaptation of Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversions to climatic variables: the Balkan natural population of Avala. Genetica 2021; 149:155-169. [PMID: 34129131 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-021-00125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive value of chromosomal inversions continues raising relevant questions in evolutionary biology. In many species of the Drosophila genus, different inversions have been recognized to be related to thermal adaptation, but it is necessary to determine to which specific climatic variables the inversions are adaptive. With this aim, the behavior of thermal adapted inversions of Drosophila subobscura regarding climatic variables was studied in the natural population of Avala (Serbia) during the 2014-2017 period. The results obtained were compared with those previously reported in the Font Groga (Barcelona, Spain) population, which presents different climatic and environmental conditions. In both populations, it was observed that most thermal adapted inversions were significantly associated with the first, second or both principal components, which were related with maximum, minimum and mean temperatures. Moreover, a significant increase over years (2004-2017) for the minimum temperature was detected. In parallel, a significant variation over time in Avala was only observed for the frequencies of 'warm' and 'non-thermal' adapted inversions of the U chromosome. However, stability in the chromosomal inversion polymorphism was observed for the 2014-2017 period which might result from the temporal span of the study and/or selective process acting on the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Zivanovic
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Concepció Arenas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció d'Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Mestres
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció de Genètica Biomèdica, Evolutiva i Desenvolupament - IRBio (Institut de Recerca per la Biodiversitat), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Genètica Biomèdica, Evolució i Desenvolupament, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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McGaughran A, Laver R, Fraser C. Evolutionary Responses to Warming. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:591-600. [PMID: 33726946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to dramatically alter biological diversity and distributions, driving extirpations, extinctions, and extensive range shifts across the globe. Warming can also, however, lead to phenotypic or behavioural plasticity, as species adapt to new conditions. Recent genomic research indicates that some species are capable of rapid evolution as selection favours adaptive responses to environmental change and altered or novel niche spaces. New advances are providing mechanistic insights into how temperature might accelerate evolution in the Anthropocene. These discoveries highlight intriguing new research directions - such as using geothermal and polar systems combined with powerful genomic tools - that will help us to understand the processes underpinning adaptive evolution and better project how ecosystems will change in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela McGaughran
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca Laver
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ceridwen Fraser
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Karageorgiou C, Tarrío R, Rodríguez-Trelles F. The Cyclically Seasonal Drosophila subobscura Inversion O 7 Originated From Fragile Genomic Sites and Relocated Immunity and Metabolic Genes. Front Genet 2020; 11:565836. [PMID: 33193649 PMCID: PMC7584159 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.565836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome inversions are important contributors to standing genetic variation in Drosophila subobscura. Presently, the species is experiencing a rapid replacement of high-latitude by low-latitude inversions associated with global warming. Yet not all low-latitude inversions are correlated with the ongoing warming trend. This is particularly unexpected in the case of O7 because it shows a regular seasonal cycle that peaks in summer and rose with a heatwave. The inconsistent behavior of O7 across components of the ambient temperature suggests that is causally more complex than simply due to temperature alone. In order to understand the dynamics of O7, high-quality genomic data are needed to determine both the breakpoints and the genetic content. To fill this gap, here we generated a PacBio long read-based chromosome-scale genome assembly, from a highly homozygous line made isogenic for an O3 + 4 + 7 chromosome. Then we isolated the complete continuous sequence of O7 by conserved synteny analysis with the available reference genome. Main findings include the following: (i) the assembled O7 inversion stretches 9.936 Mb, containing > 1,000 annotated genes; (ii) O7 had a complex origin, involving multiple breaks associated with non-B DNA-forming motifs, formation of a microinversion, and ectopic repair in trans with the two homologous chromosomes; (iii) the O7 breakpoints carry a pre-inversion record of fragility, including a sequence insertion, and transposition with later inverted duplication of an Attacin immunity gene; and (iv) the O7 inversion relocated the major insulin signaling forkhead box subgroup O (foxo) gene in tight linkage with its antagonistic regulatory partner serine/threonine-protein kinase B (Akt1) and disrupted concerted evolution of the two inverted Attacin duplicates, reattaching them to dFOXO metabolic enhancers. Our findings suggest that O7 exerts antagonistic pleiotropic effects on reproduction and immunity, setting a framework to understand its relationship with climate change. Furthermore, they are relevant for fragility in genome rearrangement evolution and for current views on the contribution of breakage versus repair in shaping inversion-breakpoint junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Karageorgiou
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Tarrío
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Trelles
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Rate of change for the thermal adapted inversions in Drosophila subobscura. Genetica 2019; 147:401-409. [PMID: 31625005 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The changes of chromosomal inversion polymorphism composition of Drosophila subobscura in samples from Apatin (Serbia) were studied in a 24-years interval (1994-2018). The variation was significant for all autosomes and directional, increasing the inversions considered as 'warm', whereas those reported as 'cold' decreased. Furthermore, the Chromosomal Thermal Index (CTI), which allows studying the thermal adaptation of the whole karyotype increased significantly in that period of time. These results were in agreement with the indicators of global warming in Apatin: a trend to increase of the mean, maximum and minimum (this latter even significant) temperatures, and an erratic pattern of rainfall (also usual in global warming). The deviations from the Wright-Fisher model of genetic drift were used to consider the possible effect of migration or selection as evolutionary factors responsible for the change in inversion frequencies. To quantify approximately the rate of change in the frequencies, for each kind of inversions ('cold', 'warm' and 'non-thermal adapted'), the difference in frequency between the Apatin samples obtained in 1994 and 2018 was computed and then it was divided by the number of years elapsed. This rate was always higher (from twice as many as thirty times more depending on the autosome) for thermal adapted inversions ('cold' or 'warm') than the 'non-thermal' adapted. From this study, it could be concluded that the chromosomal inversions of D. subobscura could change (in composition and frequencies) in a predictable direction and a rather 'rapid' rhythm to adapt to the global warming scenario.
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