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Zhao S, Cui J, Wang Y, Xu D, Su Y, Ma J, Gong X, Bai W, Wang J, Cao R. Three-dimensional visualization of the lymphatic, vascular and neural network in rat lung by confocal microscopy. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:715-723. [PMID: 37755618 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to demonstrate the intricate interconnection of pulmonary lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and nerve fibers, the rat lung was selected as the target and sliced at the thickness of 100 μm for multiply immunofluorescence staining with lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), phalloidin, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) antibodies. Taking the advantages of the thicker tissue section and confocal microscopy, the labeled pulmonary lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and nerve fibers were demonstrated in rather longer distance, which was more convenient to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) view for analyzing their spatial correlation in detail. It was clear that LYVE-1+ lymphatic vessels were widely distributed in pulmonary lobules and closely to the lobar bronchus. Through 3D reconstruction, it was also demonstrated that LYVE-1+ lymphatic vessels ran parallel to or around the α-SMA+ venules, phalloidin+ arterioles and CD31+ capillaries, with PGP9.5+ nerve fibers traversing alongside or wrapping around them, forming a lymphatic, vascular and neural network in the lung. By this study, we provide a detailed histological view to highlight the spatial correlation of pulmonary lymphatic, vascular and neural network, which may help us for insight into the functional role of this network under the physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuxin Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xuefeng Gong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wanzhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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2
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The immunolocalization of cluster of differentiation 31, phalloidin and alpha smooth muscle actin on vascular network of normal and ischemic rat brain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22288. [PMID: 36566295 PMCID: PMC9789995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), phalloidin and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) have been widely applied to label the cerebral blood vessels in the past years. Although CD31 is mainly used as endothelial marker in determining the cerebral capillaries, it seems likely that its labeling efficiency is closely correlated with the antibodies from the polyclonal or monoclonal one, as well as the conditions of blood vessels. In order to test this phenomenon, we compared the labeling characteristics of goat polyclonal anti-CD31 (gP-CD31) and mouse monoclonal anti-CD31 (mM-CD31) with those of phalloidin and α-SMA on the rat brain in health and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) with the middle cerebral artery occlusion. By multiple immunofluorescence staining, it was found that gP-CD31 labeling expressed extensively on the cerebral capillaries forming the vascular networks on the normal and ischemic regions, but mM-CD31 labeling mainly presented on the capillaries in the ischemic region. In contrast to the vascular labeling with gP-CD31, phalloidin and α-SMA were mainly expressed on the wall of cortical penetrating arteries, and less on that of capillaries. By three-dimensional reconstruction analysis, it was clearly shown that gP-CD31 labeling was mainly located on the lumen side of vascular wall and was surrounded by phalloidin labeling and α-SMA labeling. These results indicate that gP-CD31 is more sensitive than mM-CD31 for labeling the cerebral vasculature, and is highly compatible with phalloidin and α-SMA for evaluating the cerebral vascular networks under the physiological and pathological conditions.
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Mudigonda S, Shah S, Das N, Corpuz JM, Ninkovic N, Al-Jezani N, Underhill TM, Salo PT, Mitha AP, Lyons FG, Cho R, Schmidt TA, Dufour A, Krawetz RJ. Proteoglycan 4 is present within the dura mater and produced by mesenchymal progenitor cells. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:483-499. [PMID: 35704103 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) have been recently identified in human and murine epidural fat and have been hypothesized to contribute to the maintenance/repair/regeneration of the dura mater. MPCs can secrete proteoglycan 4 (PRG4/lubricin), and this protein can regulate tissue homeostasis through bio-lubrication and immunomodulatory functions. MPC lineage tracing reporter mice (Hic1) and human epidural fat MPCs were used to determine if PRG4 is expressed by these cells in vivo. PRG4 expression co-localized with Hic1+ MPCs in the dura throughout skeletal maturity and was localized adjacent to sites of dural injury. When Hic1+ MPCs were ablated, PRG4 expression was retained in the dura, yet when Prx1+ MPCs were ablated, PRG4 expression was completely lost. A number of cellular processes were impacted in human epidural fat MPCs treated with rhPRG4, and human MPCs contributed to the formation of epidural fat, and dura tissues were xenotransplanted into mouse dural injuries. We have shown that human and mouse MPCs in the epidural/dura microenvironment produce PRG4 and can contribute to dura homeostasis/repair/regeneration. Overall, these results suggest that these MPCs have biological significance within the dural microenvironment and that the role of PRG4 needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathvika Mudigonda
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sophia Shah
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nabangshu Das
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica May Corpuz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Ninkovic
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nedaa Al-Jezani
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul T Salo
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alim P Mitha
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Frank G Lyons
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roger Cho
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Antoine Dufour
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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4
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Zhang S, Liao XJ, Wang J, Shen Y, Shi HF, Zou Y, Ma CY, Wang XQ, Wang QG, Wang X, Xu MY, Cheng FF, Bai WZ. Temporal alterations in pericytes at the acute phase of ischemia/reperfusion in the mouse brain. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2247-2252. [PMID: 35259845 PMCID: PMC9083170 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes, as the mural cells surrounding the microvasculature, play a critical role in the regulation of microcirculation; however, how these cells respond to ischemic stroke remains unclear. To determine the temporal alterations in pericytes after ischemia/reperfusion, we used the 1-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion model, which was examined at 2, 12, and 24 hours after reperfusion. Our results showed that in the reperfused regions, the cerebral blood flow decreased and the infarct volume increased with time. Furthermore, the pericytes in the infarct regions contracted and acted on the vascular endothelial cells within 24 hours after reperfusion. These effects may result in incomplete microcirculation reperfusion and a gradual worsening trend with time in the acute phase. These findings provide strong evidence for explaining the "no-reflow" phenomenon that occurs after recanalization in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Jing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Fen Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Shineway Pharmaceutical Group Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chong-Yang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Guo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Feng Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Zhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Guan G, Qizhuang Lv, Liu S, Jiang Z, Zhou C, Liao W. 3D-bioprinted peptide coupling patches for wound healing. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100188. [PMID: 34977527 PMCID: PMC8683759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds caused by severe trauma remain a serious challenge for clinical treatment. In this study, we developed a novel angiogenic 3D-bioprinted peptide patch to improve skin wound healing. The 3D-bioprinted technology can fabricate individual patches according to the shape characteristics of the damaged tissue. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and were used as a biomaterial to produce bioprinted patches. The pro-angiogenic QHREDGS peptide was covalently conjugated to the 3D-bioprinted GelMA/HAMA patches, extending the release of QHREDGS and improving the angiogenic properties of the patch. Our results demonstrated that these 3D-bioprinted peptide patches showed excellent biocompatibility, angiogenesis, and tissue repair both in vivo and in vitro. These findings indicated that 3D-bioprinted peptide patches improved skin wound healing and could be used in other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Guan
- Clinical Medical College Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengyuan Liu
- Longyan People Hospital of Fujian, Pneumology Department, Longlan, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jiang
- Clinical Medical College Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- Clinical Medical College Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weifang Liao
- Clinical Medical College Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
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6
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Wang T, Zhu G, Qin L, Wang Q, She C, Xu D, Hu W, Luo K, Lei Y, Gong Y, Ghosh A, Ma D, Ding CL, Wang BY, Guo Y, Ma SS, Hattori M, Takagi Y, Ara K, Higuchi K, Li X, He L, Bai W, Ishida K, Li ST. Kininogen-Nitric Oxide Signaling at Nearby Nonexcited Acupoints after Long-Term Stimulation. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100038. [PMID: 34909734 PMCID: PMC8659396 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture treatment is based on acupoint stimulation; however, the biological basis is not understood. We stimulated one acupoint with catgut embedding for 8 weeks and then used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to screen proteins with altered expression in adjacent acupoints of Sprague Dawley rats. We found that kininogen expression was significantly upregulated in the stimulated and the nonstimulated adjacent acupoints along the same meridian. The enhanced kininogen expression was meridian dependent and was most apparent among small vessels in the subcutaneous layer. Enhanced signals of nitric oxide synthases, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and myosin light chain were also observed at the nonstimulated adjacent acupoints along the same meridian. These findings uncover biological changes at acupoints and suggest the critical role of the kininogen–nitric oxide signaling pathway in acupoint activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Kao China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Zhu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyue Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Kao China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen She
- Kao China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenghuo Luo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Kao China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongni Ma
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Ding
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bu-Yi Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Shan Ma
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yutaka Takagi
- Kao China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Katsutoshi Ara
- Kao China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanzhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Koichi Ishida
- Kao China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Tian Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Shen Y, Yao MJ, Su YX, Xu DS, Wang J, Wang GR, Cui JJ, Zhang JL, Bai WZ. Histochemistry of microinfarcts in the mouse brain after injection of fluorescent microspheres into the common carotid artery. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:832-837. [PMID: 34472483 PMCID: PMC8530124 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse model of multiple cerebral infarctions, established by injecting fluorescent microspheres into the common carotid artery, is a recent development in animal models of cerebral ischemia. To investigate its effectiveness, mouse models of cerebral infarction were created by injecting fluorescent microspheres, 45–53 µm in diameter, into the common carotid artery. Six hours after modeling, fluorescent microspheres were observed directly through a fluorescence stereomicroscope, both on the brain surface and in brain sections. Changes in blood vessels, neurons and glial cells associated with microinfarcts were examined using fluorescence histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The microspheres were distributed mainly in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus ipsilateral to the side of injection. Microinfarcts were found in the brain regions where the fluorescent microspheres were present. Here the lodged microspheres induced vascular and neuronal injury and the activation of astroglia and microglia. These histopathological changes indicate that this animal model of multiple cerebral infarctions effectively simulates the changes of various cell types observed in multifocal microinfarcts. This model is an effective, additional tool to study the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and could be used to evaluate therapeutic interventions. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (approval No. D2021-03-16-1) on March 16, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Yao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Zhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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