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Policastro G, Ebrahimi S, Weissbrodt DG, Fabbricino M, van Loosdrecht MCM. Selecting for a high lipid accumulating microalgae culture by dual growth limitation in a continuous bioreactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169213. [PMID: 38097066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
A dual-growth-limited continuous operated bioreactor (chemostat) was used to enhance lipid accumulation in an enrichment culture of microalgae. The light intensity and nitrogen concentration where both limiting factors resulting in high lipid accumulation in the mixed culture. Both conditions of light and nitrogen excess and deficiency were tested. Strategies to selectively enrich for a phototrophic lipid-storing community, based on the use of different nitrogen sources (ammonium vs. nitrate) and vitamin B supplementation in the growth medium, were evaluated. The dual limitation of both nitrogen and light enhanced the accumulation of storage compounds. Ammoniacal nitrogen was the preferred nitrogen source. Vitamin B supplementation led to a doubling of the lipid productivity. The availability of vitamins played a key role in selecting an efficient lipid-storing community, primarily consisting of Trebouxiophyceae (with an 82 % relative abundance among eukaryotic microorganisms). The obtained lipid volumetric productivity (387 mg L-1 d-1) was among the highest reported in literature for microalgae bioreactors. Lipid production by the microalgae enrichment surpassed the efficiencies reported for continuous microalgae pure cultures, highlighting the benefits of mixed-culture photo-biotechnologies for fuels and food ingredients in the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Policastro
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Telematic University Pegaso, Naples, Italy; Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sirous Ebrahimi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - David G Weissbrodt
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology and Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Massimiliano Fabbricino
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Ismail KA, Al Shehhi MR. Upwelling and nutrient dynamics in the Arabian Gulf and sea of Oman. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276260. [PMID: 36269773 PMCID: PMC9586346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the vertical and horizontal distribution of nutrients and the seasonal response of nutrients to upwelling in the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. Thus, monthly data on nitrate, phosphate, and silicate are obtained from the World Ocean Atlas 2018 (WOA), as well as estimates of coastal and curl driven upwelling in both regions. The results of the study indicate that the Sea of Oman's surface and deep waters contained higher concentrations of nutrients than the Arabian Gulf by 80%. In addition, both regions have exhibited a general increase in the vertical distribution of nutrients as the depth increases. Among the aforementioned nutrients, nitrate is found to be a more limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth than phosphate as the nitrate-to-phosphate ratios (N:P) in surface waters are lower (≤ 4.6:1) than the Redfield ratio (16:1). As for the upwelling, curl-driven upwelling accounts for more than half of the total upwelling in both regions, and both play an important role in nutrient transport. Thus, nutrients are upwelled from the subsurface to the mixed layer at a rate of 50% in the Oman Sea from 140 m to 20 m during the summer and to 40 m during the winter. Similarly, the Arabian Gulf shows 50% transport for nitrates, but 32% for phosphates, from 20 m to 5-10 m. However, due to the abundance of diatoms at the surface of the Arabian Gulf, the surface silicate content is 30% higher than that of the deeper waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaltham Abbas Ismail
- Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Maryam R. Al Shehhi
- Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- * E-mail:
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Zhu X, Lei C, Qi J, Zhen G, Lu X, Xu S, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu Z. The role of microbiome in carbon sequestration and environment security during wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155793. [PMID: 35550899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is an essential aspect of the earth's sustainable future. However, different wastewater treatment methods are responsible for carbon discharge into the environment, raising environmental risks. Hence, such wastewater treatment methods are required that can minimize carbon release without compromising the treatment quality. Microbiome-based carbon sequestration is a potential method for achieving this goal. Limited studies have been carried out to investigate how microbes can capture and utilize CO2. This review summarizes the approaches including microbial electrolytic carbon capture, microbial electrosynthesis, microbial fuel cell, microalgae cultivation, and constructed wetlands that employ microbes to capture and utilize CO2. Electroactive Bacteria (EAB) convert carbon dioxide to carbonates and bicarbonates in subsequent steps after organic matter decomposition. Similarly, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) not only helps capture carbon but also produces secondary products (production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Gram-negative rod Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria) of commercial importance during wastewater treatment. In addition to this, microbial carbon capture cells (MCCs) have been now utilized for energy generation and carbon sequestration at the same time during wastewater treatment. Moreover, microalgae cultivation has also been found to capture CO2 at a rapid pace while releasing O2 as a consequence of photosynthesis. Hence, microbe-based wastewater treatment has quite a potential due to two-fold benefits like carbon sequestration and by-product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Cheng Lei
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Influence of Carbohydrate Additives on the Growth Rate of Microalgae Biomass with an Increased Carbohydrate Content. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070381. [PMID: 34356806 PMCID: PMC8305958 DOI: 10.3390/md19070381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study focused on investigating the possibilities of controlling the accumulation of carbohydrates in certain microalgae species (Arthrospira platensis Gomont, Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, and Dunaliella salina Teod) to determine their potential in biofuel production (biohydrogen). It was found that after the introduction of carbohydrates (0.05 g⋅L−1) into the nutrient medium, the growth rate of the microalgae biomass increased, and the accumulation of carbohydrates reached 41.1%, 47.9%, and 31.7% for Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Dunaliella salina, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris had the highest total carbohydrate content (a mixture of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose, 16.97%) among the studied microalgae, while for Arthrospira platensis and Dunaliella salina, the accumulation of total carbohydrates was 9.59% and 8.68%, respectively. Thus, the introduction of carbohydrates into the nutrient medium can stimulate their accumulation in the microalgae biomass, an application of biofuel production (biohydrogen).
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Fedders AC, DeBellis JL, Bradley IM, Sevillano-Rivera MC, Pinto AJ, Guest JS. Comparable Nutrient Uptake across Diel Cycles by Three Distinct Phototrophic Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:390-400. [PMID: 30539635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of microalgae to advance the limit of technology of nutrient recovery and accumulate storage carbon make them promising candidates for wastewater treatment. However, the extent to which these capabilities are influenced by microbial community composition remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, 3 mixed phototrophic communities sourced from distinct latitudes within the continental United States (28° N, Tampa, FL; 36° N, Durham, NC; and 40° N, Urbana, IL) were operated in sequencing batch reactors (8 day solids residence time, SRT) subjected to identical diel light cycles with media addition at the start of the nighttime period. Despite persistent differences in community structure as determined via 18S rRNA (V4 and V8-V9 hypervariable regions) and 16S rRNA (V1-V3) gene amplicon sequencing, reactors achieved similar and stable nutrient recovery after 2 months (8 SRTs) of operation. Intrinsic carbohydrate and lipid storage capacity and maximum specific carbon storage rates differed significantly across communities despite consistent levels of observed carbon storage across reactors. This work supports the assertion that distinct algal communities cultivated under a common selective environment can achieve consistent performance while maintaining independent community structures and intrinsic carbon storage capabilities, providing further motivation for the development of engineered phototrophic processes for wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Fedders
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jennifer L DeBellis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Ian M Bradley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Maria C Sevillano-Rivera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Ameet J Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jeremy S Guest
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Zhang H, Huang X, Huang L, Bao F, Xiong S, Wang K, Zhang D. Microeukaryotic biogeography in the typical subtropical coastal waters with multiple environmental gradients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:618-628. [PMID: 29679834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The determinants of microeukaryotic biogeography in coastal waters at a regional scale remain largely unclear. The coastal northern Zhejiang (in the East China Sea) is a typical subtropical marine ecosystem with multiple environmental gradients that has been extensively perturbed by anthropogenic activities. Thus, it is a valuable region to investigate the key drivers that shape microbial biogeography. We investigated microeukaryotic communities in surface waters from 115 stations in this region using 18S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. The microeukaryotic communities were mainly comprised of Dinoflagellata, Ciliophora, Protalveolata, Rhizaria, Stramenopiles and Cryptophyceae. The top abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were highly specific for distinct habitat types, exhibiting significant environment-conditioned features; however, the cosmopolitan OTUs were not strongly correlated with the measured environmental variables. Total phosphorus and suspended particles were major environmental determinants of microeukaryotic α-diversity. Environmental variables, particularly temperature, salinity, pH and silicate concentration, were strongly associated with the microeukaryotic community composition. Overall, environmental and spatial factors explained 55.92% of community variation in total with 34.03% of the variation shared, suggesting that spatially structured environmental variations mainly conditioned the microeukaryotic biogeography in this region. Additionally, dispersal limitation, as indicated by the great pure spatial effect and distance-decay pattern, was another important factor. In summary, our results reveal that spatially structured environmental variation and dispersal limitation mainly conditioned the microeukaryotic biogeography. The results may provide useful distribution patterns of microeukaryotes to determine sources of microbes from marine ecosystems that may facilitate the utilization of coastal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fangjian Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shangling Xiong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Demin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Hu Y, Hao X, van Loosdrecht M, Chen H. Enrichment of highly settleable microalgal consortia in mixed cultures for effluent polishing and low-cost biomass production. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:11-22. [PMID: 28822815 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation is a promising technology for integrated effluent polishing and biofuel production, but poor separability of microalgal cells hinders its industrial application. This study intended to selectively enrich settleable microalgal consortia in mixed culture by applying "wash-out" pressure, which was realized by controlling settling time (ST) and volume exchange ratio (VER) in photo-SBRs. The results demonstrated that highly settleable microalgal consortia (settling efficiency>97%; SVI = 17-50 mL/g) could be enriched from indigenous algal cultures developed in WWTP's effluent. High VER was the key factor for the fast development of settleable microalgae. VER was also a controlling factor of the algal community structure. High VERs (0.5 and 0.7) resulted in the dominance of diatom, while low VER (0.2) facilitated the dominance of cyanobacteria. The settleable microalgal consortia were very efficient in phosphorus removal (effluent PO43--P<0.1 mg/L; removal efficiency>99%), which was largely attributed to intensive chemical precipitation of phosphate induced by high pH (8.5-10). However, the high pH decreased the bioavailable inorganic carbon, resulting in incomplete nitrate removal (effluent NO3--N = 2.2-4 mg/L; removal efficiency = 61-79%) under high VERs and low lipid content (up to 10%) in the settleable microalgae. This problem could be resolved by sparging CO2 or controlling pH. Overall, this study demonstrated a simple and effective method to overcome the separation challenge in scale-up of microalgae biotechnology for advanced wastewater purification and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Hu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Mark van Loosdrecht
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
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Marella TK, Parine NR, Tiwari A. Potential of diatom consortium developed by nutrient enrichment for biodiesel production and simultaneous nutrient removal from waste water. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:704-709. [PMID: 29740233 PMCID: PMC5936867 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the decreasing fossil fuel supply and increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, microalgae have been identified as a viable and sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. The major effect of the release of wastewater rich in organic compounds has led to the eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems. A combined approach of freshwater diatom cultivation with urban sewage water treatment is a promising solution for nutrient removal and biofuel production. In this study, urban wastewater from eutrophic Hussain Sagar Lake was used to cultivate a diatom algae consortium, and the effects of silica and trace metal enrichment on growth, nutrient removal, and lipid production were evaluated. The nano-silica-based micronutrient mixture Nualgi containing Si, Fe, and metal ions was used to optimize diatom growth. Respectively, N and P reductions of 95.1% and 88.9%, COD and BOD reductions of 91% and 51% with a biomass yield of 122.5 mg L-1 day-1 and lipid productivity of 37 mg L-1 day-1 were observed for cultures grown in waste water using Nualgi. Fatty acid profiles revealed 13 different fatty acids with slight differences in their percentage of dry cell weight (DCW) depending on enrichment level. These results demonstrate the potential of diatom algae grown in wastewater to produce feedstock for renewable biodiesel production. Enhanced carbon and excess nutrient utilization makes diatoms ideal candidates for co-processes such as CO2 sequestration, biodiesel production, and wastewater phycoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kiran Marella
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India
| | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Genome Research Chair, Dept of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India
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