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Aguila L, Cabrera P, Arias ME, Silva M, Felmer R. Effect of sperm treatment with lysolecithin on in vitro outcomes of equine intracytoplasmic sperm injection. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 138:105095. [PMID: 38810588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in horses is currently employed for clinical and commercial uses, but the protocol could be optimized to improve its efficiency. We have hypothesized that destabilization of plasma and acrosomal membranes prior to injection would positively impact the developmental potential of equine zygotes generated by ICSI. This study evaluated effects of the sperm treatment with lysolecithin on plasma and acrosomal membranes and on oocyte activation ability, initially following heterologous ICSI on bovine oocytes and subsequently employing equine oocytes. The effects of the lysolecithin -treatment on the efficiency of conventional and piezo-assisted equine ICSI were evaluated. To do this, the equine sperm were treated with different concentrations of lysolecithin and the sperm plasma membrane, acrosome and DNA integrity were evaluated by flow cytometry. The results showed that a lysolecithin concentration of 0.08 % destabilized the membranes of all sperm and affected DNA integrity within the range described for the species (8-30 %). In addition, the heterologous ICSI assay showed that lysolecithin treatment was detrimental to the sperm's ability to activate the oocyte, therefore, chemical oocyte activation was used after equine ICSI after injection with lysolecithin -treated sperm. This group showed similar developmental rate to the control group with and without exogenous activation. In conclusion, lysolecithin pre-treatment is not necessary when using ICSI to produce equine embryos in vitro. The results from the current study provide additional insight regarding the factors impacting ICSI in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aguila
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - P Cabrera
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile; Doctoral Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - M E Arias
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile; Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - M Silva
- Departament of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - R Felmer
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile; Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile.
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2
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Alvarez G, Villanueva S, Breininger E, Geller M, Ruhlmann C, Dalvit G, Cetica P, Kuwayama M. Bovine oocyte activation with bull or human sperm by conventional ICSI and Piezo-ICSI: Its relationship with PLCɀ activity. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1191-1198. [PMID: 38938440 PMCID: PMC11199759 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i5.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique has low efficiency in cattle. This has mainly been attributed to the oocyte activation failure due to oocyte and/or sperm factors. Aim Our aim was to evaluate the effect of conventional ICSI and Piezo-ICSI with bull or human sperm on bovine oocyte activation and embryo development and to assess its relationship with the phospholipase C zeta (PLCɀ) activity of both species. Methods In vitro matured bovine oocytes were randomly divided into five groups and were fertilized as follows: conventional ICSI using bovine sperm with chemical activation (control), conventional ICSI using bovine sperm, Piezo-ICSI using bovine sperm, conventional ICSI using human sperm, and Piezo-ICSI using human sperm. PLCɀ activity was determined in bull and human sperm samples. Results Within the groups using bull sperm, the oocytes fertilized by conventional ICSI had the lowest values of 2 pronuclei (PN) formation and cleavage, Piezo-ICSI increased both percentages and ICSI + chemical activation presented the highest 2 PN, cleavage, and blastocyst rates (p < 0.05). Within the groups using human sperm, the oocytes fertilized by Piezo-ICSI presented higher 2 PN and cleavage rates than those activated by conventional ICSI (p < 0.05). Piezo-ICSI with human sperm increased bovine oocyte activation as much as conventional ICSI + chemical activation with bovine sperm (p < 0.05). Higher values of PLCɀ activity were found in human sperm compared with bovine sperm (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that the higher stability of the bovine sperm in combination with its relatively low content of PLCɀ impairs bovine oocyte activation after ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alvarez
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fertilidad San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Elizabeth Breininger
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Cetica
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Equal senior contribution
| | - Masashige Kuwayama
- Repro-Support Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Equal senior contribution
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Caddy M, Popkiss S, Weston G, Vollenhoven B, Rombauts L, Green M, Zander-Fox D. PIEZO-ICSI increases fertilization rates compared with conventional ICSI in patients with poor prognosis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:389-398. [PMID: 36586007 PMCID: PMC9935778 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited research has been published comparing PIEZO-ICSI with conventional ICSI. While positive effects have been documented in improving fertilization and degeneration, the outcomes in patients with previous poor results from conventional ICSI remain unclear. It is hypothesized that these patients may benefit the most from this form of insemination. METHODS This retrospective paired within-patient cohort study investigated patients (n=72) undertaking PIEZO-ICSI after a previous conventional ICSI cycle resulted in poor outcomes (including low fertilization (<50%), high degeneration (>15%), and/or poor embryo development and utilization). Patients required at least five oocytes collected in both cycles and a period of less than 2 years between the cycles. The outcomes of both cycles were compared in respect to fertilization, degeneration, embryo utilization, and pregnancy rates. Further analyses were applied to patients <38 and ≥38 years of age, with <50% or ≥50% fertilization with conventional ICSI and with <20% or ≥20% utilization with conventional ICSI. RESULTS PIEZO-ICSI resulted in significantly higher fertilization (61.9% vs 45.3%, P<0.0001) and lower degeneration (7.7% vs 18.2%, P=0.0001) when compared to the conventional ICSI cycles. The greatest benefit was seen in patients who had less than 50% fertilization or <20% utilization in their conventional ICSI cycle, with improvements in fertilization and degeneration rates resulting in a significantly higher number of embryos utilized (frozen or transferred) per cycle. CONCLUSIONS PIEZO-ICSI improved fertilization, degeneration, and utilization rates in patients with previous poor outcomes from conventional ICSI. The number of embryos available for use per cycle was also increased. Further significant improvements were achieved in patients who exhibited poor fertilization (<50%) or low utilization (<20%) from conventional ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Caddy
- Monash IVF, Melbourne, Australia.
- Monash IVF Group, 252-256 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | | | - Gareth Weston
- Monash IVF, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beverley Vollenhoven
- Monash IVF, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luk Rombauts
- Monash IVF, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Green
- Monash IVF, Melbourne, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deirdre Zander-Fox
- Monash IVF, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Sperm factors associated with the production of equine blastocysts by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using frozen/thawed semen. Theriogenology 2023; 195:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Briski O, Salamone DF. Past, present and future of ICSI in livestock species. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 246:106925. [PMID: 35148927 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the past 2 decades, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has become a routine technique for clinical applications in humans. The widespread use among domestic species, however, has been limited to horses. In horses, ICSI is used to reproduce elite individuals and, as well as in humans, to mitigate or even circumvent reproductive barriers. Failures in superovulation and conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) have been the main reason for the use of this technology in horses. In pigs, ICSI has been successfully used to produce transgenic animals. A series of factors have resulted in implementation of ICSI in pigs: need to use zygotes for numerous technologies, complexity of collecting zygotes surgically, and problems of polyspermy when there is utilization of IVF procedures. Nevertheless, there have been very few additional reports confirming positive results with the use of ICSI in pigs. The ICSI procedure could be important for use in cattle of high genetic value by maximizing semen utilization, as well as for utilization of spermatozoa from prepubertal bulls, by providing the opportunity to shorten the generation interval. When attempting to utilize ICSI in ruminants, there are some biological limitations that need to be overcome if this procedure is going to be efficacious for making genetic improvements in livestock in the future. In this review article, there is an overview and projection of the methodologies and applications that are envisioned for ICSI utilization in these species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Briski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal, Buenos Aires, Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal (LabBA), Av. San Martin 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D F Salamone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal, Buenos Aires, Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal (LabBA), Av. San Martin 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bovine ICSI: limiting factors, strategies to improve its efficiency and alternative approaches. ZYGOTE 2022; 30:749-767. [PMID: 36082429 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technique mainly used to overcome severe infertility problems associated with the male factor, but in cattle its efficiency is far from optimal. Artificial activation treatments combining ionomycin (Io) with 6-dimethylaminopurine after piezo-ICSI or anisomycin after conventional ICSI have recently increased the blastocyst rate obtained. Compounds to capacitate bovine spermatozoa, such as heparin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin and compounds to destabilize sperm membranes such as NaOH, lysolecithin and Triton X-100, have been assessed, although they have failed to substantially improve post-ICSI embryonic development. Disulfide bond reducing agents, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), dithiobutylamine and reduced glutathione, have been assessed to decondense the hypercondensed head of bovine spermatozoa, the two latter being more efficient than DTT and less harmful. Although piezo-directed ICSI without external activation has generated high fertilization rates and modest rates of early embryo development, other studies have required exogenous activation to improve the results. This manuscript thoroughly reviews the different strategies used in bovine ICSI to improve its efficiency and proposes some alternative approaches, such as the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as 'biological methods of oocyte activation' or the incorporation of EVs in the in vitro maturation and/or culture medium as antioxidant defence agents to improve the competence of the ooplasm, as well as a preincubation of the spermatozoa in estrous oviductal fluid to induce physiological capacitation and acrosome reaction before ICSI, and the use of hyaluronate in the sperm immobilization medium.
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Walbornn SR, Felix M, Schnobrich MR, Bradecamp EA, Scoggin CF, Stefanovski D, Hinrichs K. Effect of day of estrus cycle at time of transvaginal follicle aspiration for oocyte recovery on rates of in vitro maturation and blastocyst production after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1683-1689. [PMID: 35905148 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.06.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of stage of estrus cycle (day after ovulation) at the time of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration (TVA) on parameters related to the success of in vitro equine embryo production. ANIMALS 14 healthy mares were used; 11 completed the study and were included for analysis. PROCEDURES Mares underwent TVA of all follicles ≥ 5 mm diameter at each of 3 timepoints: 7 days after ovulation, 14 days after ovulation, and S-DSF (subordinate to a dominant stimulated follicle), during estrus at 24 hours after gonadotropin administration. The 3 treatments were assigned to each mare in random order; mares underwent follicle growth and ovulation between treatments. Recovered oocytes were matured in vitro, subjected to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro. RESULTS Total follicle numbers differed significantly between individual mares but did not differ between treatments. The number of follicles of different sizes significantly (P < 0.05) differed between treatments, with mares in the Day 7 treatment having more follicles 5 to 9 mm in diameter and fewer follicles 20 to 24 mm in diameter than mares in the other 2 treatments. After in vitro maturation culture, there were significantly more mature oocytes in the S-DSF treatment than in the other 2 treatments. There were no differences in blastocyst rate after ICSI among treatment groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Timing of TVA for aspiration of S-DSFs may increase the number of mature oocytes available for ICSI. Understanding of the effects of timing of TVA will help veterinarians to maximize the efficiency of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Felix
- 2Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA
| | | | | | | | - Darko Stefanovski
- 2Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA
| | - Katrin Hinrichs
- 2Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA
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Brom-de-Luna JG, Salgado RM, Felix MR, Canesin HS, Stefanovski D, Diaw M, Hinrichs K. Culture protocols for horse embryos after ICSI: Effect of myo-inositol and time of media change. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 233:106819. [PMID: 34481215 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro production of horse embryos via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a useful clinical and research technique. Current rates of blastocyst production are typically sub-optimal, and few methods to increase the rate of equine blastocyst development have been reported. Factors that might improve blastocyst production in a horse embryo culture system were explored. Myo-inositol is found in the horse oviduct and improves blastocyst development in other species, thus Experiment 1 was conducted to assess the effect of 10 mM myo-inositol added to Day 0-5 embryo culture medium, using horse oocytes recovered by transvaginal aspiration. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate effects of exclusion of a standard post-ICSI holding step (culture for 30-60 min in M199-based medium). Experiment 3 was conducted using oocytes recovered from abattoir-derived ovaries, to evaluate effects of earlier transition (Day 4 vs. Day 5) to the second-step medium and of media refreshment at different time points (Day 3 and/or Day 7) during embryo culture. In Experiments 1 and 2, there were no differences (P > 0.05) between groups in blastocyst development (Exp. 1, 36.7 % and 39.2 %; Exp. 2, 41.5 % and 44.6 %). In Experiment 3, blastocyst development was not different (P > 0.05) for embryos refreshed at both Day 3 and 7 (10.8 %) or only at Day 7 (26.6 %), or those transferred to second-step medium on Day 4 or Day 5 (20.6 % and 18.5 %). Knowledge of culture procedures compatible with blastocyst formation in vitro is valuable to laboratories starting to develop procedures for ICSI in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao G Brom-de-Luna
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Renato M Salgado
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matheus R Felix
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Heloísa S Canesin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Mouhamadou Diaw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katrin Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, USA.
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9
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Zander-Fox D, Lam K, Pacella-Ince L, Tully C, Hamilton H, Hiraoka K, McPherson NO, Tremellen K. PIEZO-ICSI increases fertilization rates compared with standard ICSI: a prospective cohort study. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:404-412. [PMID: 34326006 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is PIEZO-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) coupled with a new novel operational fluid (perfluoro-n-octane) superior to standard ICSI? DESIGN A cohort of patients (n = 69) undertaking microinjection were recruited between January and November 2019 and were then prospectively case-matched. Patients required six or more mature oocytes for inclusion in the study. PIEZO-ICSI uses high-speed microinjection drilling to penetrate the zona and oolemma and deposit the spermatozoa into the cytoplasm, compared with the traditional 'cutting' action of ICSI. The primary outcome was fertilization, with secondary outcomes including oocyte degeneration, abnormal fertilization, embryo cryopreservation and embryo utilization. RESULTS PIEZO-ICSI resulted in significantly higher fertilization rates (80.5 ± 2.4% vs 65.8 ± 2.3%, P < 0.0001) and lower oocyte degeneration rates (4.4 ± 1.3% vs 8.6 ± 1.2%, P = 0.019) and abnormal fertilization rates (2.9 ± 1.1% vs 7.4 ± 1.1%; P = 0.003) compared with standard ICSI. This improvement in fertilization was of most benefit in patients aged ≥38 years. This increase in fertilization increased the number of good quality embryos that were available for cryopreservation/transfer (3.8 ± 0.2 vs 3.1 ± 0.2; P = 0.038), such that patients on average had one extra usable embryo per cycle compared with standard ICSI. There were no differences to Day 5 embryo development or clinical pregnancy from fresh embryo transfer (57.1% PIEZO-ICSI vs 60.0% ICSI) between microinjection methods, although pregnancy outcomes were underpowered. CONCLUSIONS PIEZO-ICSI significantly increased fertilization rates, thereby increasing the number of embryos available for cryopreservation compared with standard ICSI. Further prospective studies assessing cumulative pregnancy rates are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Zander-Fox
- Repromed, Dulwich South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia; Department of Bioengineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide South Australia, Australia; Monash University, Clayton South Australia, Australia; Monash IVF Group, Richmond Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kevin Lam
- Repromed, Dulwich South Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne Pacella-Ince
- Repromed, Dulwich South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
| | - Cathy Tully
- Repromed, Dulwich South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicole O McPherson
- Repromed, Dulwich South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia; Freemasons Center for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
| | - Kelton Tremellen
- Repromed, Dulwich South Australia, Australia; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park South Australia, Australia
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González-Brusi L, Algarra B, Moros-Nicolás C, Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Avilés M, Jiménez-Movilla M. A Comparative View on the Oviductal Environment during the Periconception Period. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1690. [PMID: 33348856 PMCID: PMC7766821 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oviduct plays important roles in reproductive events: sperm reservoir formation, final gamete maturation, fertilization and early embryo development. It is well known that the oviductal environment affects gametes and embryos and, ultimately, the health of offspring, so that in vivo embryos are better in terms of morphology, cryotolerance, pregnancy rates or epigenetic profile than those obtained in vitro. The deciphering of embryo-maternal interaction in the oviduct may provide a better understanding of the embryo needs during the periconception period to improve reproductive efficiency. Here, we perform a comparative analysis among species of oviductal gene expression related to embryonic development during its journey through the oviduct, as described to date. Cross-talk communication between the oviduct environment and embryo will be studied by analyses of the secreted or exosomal proteins of the oviduct and the presence of receptors in the membrane of the embryo blastomeres. Finally, we review the data that are available to date on the expression and characterization of the most abundant protein in the oviduct, oviductin (OVGP1), highlighting its fundamental role in fertilization and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Avilés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum and IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.-B.); (B.A.); (C.M.-N.); (M.J.I.-R.)
| | - Maria Jiménez-Movilla
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum and IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.-B.); (B.A.); (C.M.-N.); (M.J.I.-R.)
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11
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Daigneault BW. Dynamics of paternal contributions to early embryo development in large animals. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:274-281. [PMID: 32997138 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on current knowledge of paternal contributions to preimplantation embryonic development with particular emphasis on large animals. Specifically, the included content aims to summarize genomic and epigenomic contributions of paternally expressed genes, their regulation, and chromatin structure that are indispensable for early embryo development. The accumulation of current knowledge will summarize conserved allelic function among species to include functional molecular and genomic studies across large domestic animals in context with reference to founding experimental models.
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12
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Campos-Chillon LF, Martin J, Altermatt JL. Pregnancy obtained in a late gestational mare by in vitro embryo production. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1926-1929. [PMID: 31575386 DOI: 10.1071/rd19305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the demand for invitro embryo production in the horse has increased worldwide. Most clinical transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovum pick-up (OPU) procedures are performed in non-pregnant donor mares, and few experimental studies have described invitro embryo production from oocytes of pregnant donors 21-150 days in gestation. This report discusses OPU, follicular growth and invitro embryo production in a pregnant mare during late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Fernando Campos-Chillon
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave. San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; and Corresponding author.
| | - Jan Martin
- Jan Martin Equine Management, PO Box 475, Buellton, CA 93427, USA
| | - Joy L Altermatt
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave. San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; and Veterinary Reproduction Innovations, APC, PO Box 4712, San Luis Obispo, CA 93403, USA
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13
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Lewis N, Schnauffer K, Hinrichs K, Morganti M, Troup S, Argo C. Morphokinetics of early equine embryo development in vitro using time-lapse imaging, and use in selecting blastocysts for transfer. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1851-1861. [PMID: 31634434 DOI: 10.1071/rd19225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of time-lapse imaging (TLI) in the evaluation of morphokinetics associated with invitro developmental competence is well described for human, cattle and pig embryos. It is generally accepted that embryos that complete early cleavage sooner are more likely to form blastocysts and that timing of later events, such as blastocyst formation and expansion, are predictive of implantation potential and euploid status. In the horse, morphokinetics as a predictor of developmental competence has received little attention. In this study we evaluated the morphokinetics of early equine embryo development invitro for 144 oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and report the timings of blastocyst development associated with ongoing pregnancy for the first time. There was a tendency for time of cytoplasmic extrusion and first cleavage to occur earlier in the embryos that went on to form blastocysts (n=19) compared with those that arrested, and for first cleavage to occur earlier in blastocysts that established pregnancies that were ongoing (n=4) compared with pregnancies that were lost (n=2). TLI was clinically useful in identifying blastocysts when evaluation of morphology on static imaging was equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Lewis
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; and Present address: Equine Fertility Solutions, Navan Road, Dublin 7, Ireland; and Corresponding author.
| | - Karen Schnauffer
- Reproductive Health Group, Daresbury Park, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4GE, UK
| | - Katrin Hinrichs
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Stephen Troup
- Reproductive Science Consultancy, 3A Kennerley's Lane, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 5EQ, UK
| | - Caroline Argo
- North Faculty, Scotland's Rural College, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, UK
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14
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Carnevale EM, Metcalf ES. Morphology, developmental stages and quality parameters of in vitro-produced equine embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1758-1770. [PMID: 31718765 DOI: 10.1071/rd19257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is used to produce equine embryos invitro. The speed of embryo development invitro is roughly equivalent to what has been described for embryos produced invivo. Morphological evaluations of ICSI-produced embryos are complicated by the presence of debris and the dark nature of equine embryo cytoplasm. Morulas and early blastocysts produced invitro appear similar to those produced invivo. However, with expansion of the blastocyst, distinct differences are observed compared with uterine embryos. In culture, embryos do not undergo full expansion and thinning of the zona pellucida (ZP) or capsule formation. Cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) are dispersed, in contrast with the differentiated trophoblast and ICM observed in embryos collected from uteri. As blastocysts expand invitro, embryo cells often escape the ZP as organised or disorganised extrusions of cells, probably through the hole incurred during ICSI. Quality assessment of invitro-produced early stage equine embryos is in its infancy, because limited information is available regarding the relationship between morphology and developmental competence. Early embryo development invivo is reviewed in this paper, with comparisons made to embryo development invitro and clinical assessments from a laboratory performing commercial ICSI for >15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Carnevale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1693 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; and Corresponding author.
| | - Elizabeth S Metcalf
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Andrology, Oregon Health Science and University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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15
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Brom-de-Luna JG, Salgado RM, Canesin HS, Diaw M, Hinrichs K. Equine blastocyst production under different incubation temperatures and different CO 2 concentrations during early cleavage. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1823-1829. [PMID: 31640846 DOI: 10.1071/rd19211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Some basic parameters for equine invitro embryo production have not yet been established, including the optimum temperature for maturation and embryo culture, and the optimum CO2 concentration and pH during early embryo development. To explore this, we first performed cultures in incubators set at 37.2°C, 37.7°C or 38.2°C. At these temperatures, the corresponding maturation rates were 33%, 38% and 42%; cleavage rates were 84%, 86% and 88%; and blastocyst rates were 35%, 44% and 44% per injected oocyte. These rates did not differ significantly (P>0.2). We then evaluated three different CO2 concentrations (6%, 6.5% or 7% CO2) in 5% O2 for culture over Days 0-5 after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, using a commercial human embryo medium with added serum, at 38.2°C. The pH values of these media were 7.36, 7.33 and 7.29 respectively. In the presence of 6%, 6.5% or 7% CO2, cleavage rates were 68%, 80% and 70% respectively, and blastocyst rates per injected oocyte were 42%, 54% and 27% respectively. The blastocyst rate for the 7% CO2 treatment was significantly lower than that for the 6.5% CO2 treatment (P<0.05). We conclude that equine invitro embryo production is equally effective within the range of 37.2-38.2°C, but that equine early cleavage stage development is sensitive to small changes in CO2 atmosphere and/or medium pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Brom-de-Luna
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - R M Salgado
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - H S Canesin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - M Diaw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - K Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA; and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, 4475 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA; and Corresponding author.
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16
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Martino NA, Marzano G, Mastrorocco A, Lacalandra GM, Vincenti L, Hinrichs K, Dell Aquila ME. Use of time-lapse imaging to evaluate morphokinetics of in vitro equine blastocyst development after oocyte holding for two days at 15°C versus room temperature before intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1862-1873. [PMID: 31708015 DOI: 10.1071/rd19223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-lapse imaging was used to establish the morphokinetics of equine embryo development to the blastocyst stage after invitro oocyte maturation (IVM), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo culture, in oocytes held overnight at room temperature (22-27°C; standard conditions) before IVM. Embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage underwent precleavage cytoplasmic extrusion and cleavage to the 2-, 3- and 4-cell stages significantly earlier than did embryos that arrested in development. We then determined the rate of blastocyst formation after ICSI in oocytes held for 2 days at either 15°C or room temperature before IVM (15-2d and RT-2d treatment groups respectively). The blastocyst development rate was significantly higher in the 15-2d than in the RT-2d group (13% vs 0% respectively). The failure of blastocyst development in the RT-2d group precluded comparison of morphokinetics of blastocyst development between treatments. In any condition examined, development to the blastocyst stage was characterised by earlier cytoplasmic extrusion before cleavage, earlier cleavage to 2- and 4-cell stages and reduced duration at the 2-cell stage compared with non-competent embryos. In conclusion, this study presents morphokinetic parameters predictive of embryo development invitro to the blastocyst stage after ICSI in the horse. We conclude that time-lapse imaging allows increased precision for evaluating effects of different treatments on equine embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Martino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy; and Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy; and Corresponding author.
| | - G Marzano
- Department of Mathematics and Physics Ennio de Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy; and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR Nanotec, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - A Mastrorocco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - G M Lacalandra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - L Vincenti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - K Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - M E Dell Aquila
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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17
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Lodde V, Colleoni S, Tessaro I, Corbani D, Lazzari G, Luciano AM, Galli C, Franciosi F. A prematuration approach to equine IVM: considering cumulus morphology, seasonality, follicle of origin, gap junction coupling and large-scale chromatin configuration in the germinal vesicle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1793-1804. [PMID: 31630726 DOI: 10.1071/rd19230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies report that a two-step culture where mammalian oocytes are first kept under meiosis-arresting conditions (prematuration) followed by IVM is beneficial to embryo development. The most promising results were obtained by stratifying the oocyte population using morphological criteria and allocating them to different culture conditions to best meet their metabolic needs. In this study, horse oocytes were characterised to identify subpopulations that may benefit from prematuration. We investigated gap-junction (GJ) coupling, large-scale chromatin configuration and meiotic competence in compact and expanded cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) according to follicle size (<1, 1-2, >2cm) and season. Then we tested the effect of cilostamide-based prematuration in compact COCs collected from follicles <1 and 1-2cm in diameter on embryo development. Meiotic competence was not affected by prematuration, whereas COCs from follicles 1-2cm in diameter yielded embryos with a higher number of cells per blastocyst than oocytes that underwent direct IVM (P<0.01, unpaired Mann-Whitney test), suggesting improved developmental competence. Oocytes collected from follicles <1cm in diameter were not affected by prematuration. This study represents an extensive characterisation of the functional properties of immature horse oocytes and is the first report of the effects of cilostamide-based prematuration in horse oocyte IVM on embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lodde
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare 'Carlo Cantoni', Reproductive and Developmental Biology Lab, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 10 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Colleoni
- Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Avantea, Cremona, Via Porcellasco, 7f 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Irene Tessaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare 'Carlo Cantoni', Reproductive and Developmental Biology Lab, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 10 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Corbani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare 'Carlo Cantoni', Reproductive and Developmental Biology Lab, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 10 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lazzari
- Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Avantea, Cremona, Via Porcellasco, 7f 26100 Cremona, Italy; and Fondazione Avantea, Via Porcellasco, 7f 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Alberto M Luciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare 'Carlo Cantoni', Reproductive and Developmental Biology Lab, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 10 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cesare Galli
- Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Avantea, Cremona, Via Porcellasco, 7f 26100 Cremona, Italy; and Fondazione Avantea, Via Porcellasco, 7f 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Federica Franciosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare 'Carlo Cantoni', Reproductive and Developmental Biology Lab, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 10 20133 Milano, Italy; and Corresponding author.
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18
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Gambini A, Duque Rodríguez M, Rodríguez MB, Briski O, Flores Bragulat AP, Demergassi N, Losinno L, Salamone DF. Horse ooplasm supports in vitro preimplantation development of zebra ICSI and SCNT embryos without compromising YAP1 and SOX2 expression pattern. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238948. [PMID: 32915925 PMCID: PMC7485800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several equids have gone extinct and many extant equids are currently considered vulnerable to critically endangered. This work aimed to evaluate whether domestic horse oocytes support preimplantation development of zebra embryos obtained by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI, zebroid) and cloning, and to study the Hippo signaling pathway during the lineage specification of trophectoderm cells and inner cell mass cells. We first showed that zebra and horse sperm cells induce porcine oocyte activation and recruit maternal SMARCA4 during pronuclear formation. SMARCA4 recruitment showed to be independent of the genetic background of the injected sperm. No differences were found in blastocyst rate of ICSI hybrid (zebra spermatozoon into horse egg) embryos relative to the homospecific horse control group. Interestingly, zebra cloned blastocyst rate was significantly higher at day 8. Moreover, most ICSI and cloned horse and zebra blastocysts showed a similar expression pattern of SOX2 and nuclear YAP1 with the majority of the nuclei positive for YAP1, and most SOX2+ nuclei negative for YAP1. Here we demonstrated that horse oocytes support zebra preimplantation development of both, ICSI and cloned embryos, without compromising development to blastocyst, blastocyst cell number neither the expression of SOX2 and YAP1. Our results support the use of domestic horse oocytes as a model to study in vitro zebra embryos on behalf of preservation of valuable genetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gambini
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Producción Equina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Matteo Duque Rodríguez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Rodríguez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olinda Briski
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana P. Flores Bragulat
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Cátedra de Producción Equina, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río IV, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Luis Losinno
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Cátedra de Producción Equina, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río IV, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel F. Salamone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Fujii Y, Endo Y, Mitsuhata S, Hayashi M, Motoyama H. Evaluation of the effect of piezo-intracytoplasmic sperm injection on the laboratory, clinical, and neonatal outcomes. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:198-205. [PMID: 32273827 PMCID: PMC7138935 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited research has been published on the effect of piezo-assisted intracytoplasmic sperm injection (P-ICSI). We evaluated the effect of P-ICSI on the laboratory, clinical, and neonatal outcomes. METHODS This retrospective study was based on the data collected between April 2011 and October 2016. Total 1348 mature oocytes from 145 patients were analyzed. Laboratory, clinical, and neonatal outcomes of those given conventional intracytoplasmic sperm injection (C-ICSI) and those administered P-ICSI were examined. RESULTS P-ICSI showed significantly more favorable results, with a survival rate of 97.0% (C-ICSI: 94.1%, P < .010) and a fertilization rate of 83.5% (C-ICSI: 70.6%, P < .001). There were no differences in the blastocyst development rate, implantation rate, miscarriage rate, live birth rate, gestational age, birth weight, proportion of male neonates, cesarean section rate, and congenital abnormalities between the two patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Our comparison of P-ICSI with C-ICSI showed that P-ICSI significantly improved the survival and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Endo
- IVF CenterKurashiki Medical ClinicKurashikiJapan
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20
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Canesin HS, Ortiz I, Rocha Filho AN, Salgado RM, Brom-de-Luna JG, Hinrichs K. Effect of warming method on embryo quality in a simplified equine embryo vitrification system. Theriogenology 2020; 151:151-158. [PMID: 32361181 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Equine embryo vitrification is still not a well-established technique in equine practice. Notably, little work has been done on the effect of the warming system on viability of vitrified embryos. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of warming without cryoprotectants on in vitro - produced (IVP) embryo viability in culture, quality assessment parameters, and pregnancy after transfer. Equine IVP blastocysts were vitrified using commercial embryo vitrification media and a semi-closed vitrification device. In Exp. 1, we evaluated two warming temperatures (room temperature, RT, ∼22 °C; and 38 °C) for each of three warming systems: commercial warming solution (Kit); commercial embryo holding medium (EHM) with decreasing concentrations of sucrose (EHM + SS); or EHM alone without added sucrose. Embryos (n = 9 to 14 per treatment) were cultured in vitro for 24 h, stained with DAPI, TUNEL, and fluorophore-labelled phalloidin, and evaluated for nucleus number, mitotic rate, apoptotic rate, and actin filament distribution. In Exp. 2, to survey embryo viability in vivo, vitrified IVP blastocysts were shipped to an embryo transfer facility, then warmed immediately before transfer to recipient mares, using the warming treatments associated with the nominally best (Kit-RT, Kit-38, EHM-RT) and poorest (EHM + SS-38) assessed embryo quality in Exp. 1 (n = 7 to 8 per treatment). Subsequently, IVP blastocysts produced as part of our clinical program were vitrified and shipped, then warmed in embryo holding medium at an embryo transfer facility before transfer to recipient mares; fresh IVP embryos were shipped and transferred as controls. In Exp. 1, embryos increased significantly in diameter after culture (P < 0.01), with no difference among treatments. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the number of viable nuclei, apoptotic rate, or microfilament distribution among treatments, or between vitrified-warmed and Control embryos. The mitotic rate was higher (P = 0.021) for Kit-RT (3.6%) when compared with the other treatment groups (1.5-2.0%). In Exp. 2, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in initial pregnancy (71.4-87.5%) or heartbeat (57.1%-85.7%) rates among warming treatments. In the clinical trial, there was no difference (P > 0.05) between vitrified-warmed and Control embryos in initial pregnancy (90.9% and 66.6%, respectively) or heartbeat (81.8% and 66.6%, respectively) rates. These results indicate that a semi-closed vitrification system using commercially-available media, and incorporating warming in the field in a single step using commercial embryo holding medium without cryoprotectants, can provide high pregnancy rates with IVP equine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa Siqueira Canesin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States
| | - Isabel Ortiz
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States
| | | | - Renato Mayrink Salgado
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States
| | - Joao Gatto Brom-de-Luna
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States
| | - Katrin Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States.
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21
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Energy metabolism of the equine cumulus oocyte complex during in vitro maturation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3493. [PMID: 32103136 PMCID: PMC7044441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Horses are one of the few species, beside humans, in which assisted reproductive technology has important clinical applications. Furthermore, the horse can serve as a valuable model for the study of comparative reproductive biology. Here we present the first comprehensive characterisation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial efficiency in equine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) during in vitro maturation (IVM), as determined using a combination of non-invasive consumption and release assays and mitochondrial function analysis. These data reveal notable species-specific differences in the rate and kinetics of glucose consumption and glycolysis throughout IVM. Approximately 95% of glucose consumed was accounted for by lactate production; however, high concurrent oxygen consumption indicated a comparatively increased role for non-glycolytic oxidative phosphorylation. Up to 38% of equine COC oxygen consumption could be attributed to non-mitochondrial activities and there was a significant loss of spare respiratory capacity over the course of IVM. Notably, our data also revealed that current IVM protocols may be failing to satisfy the metabolic demands of the equine COC. Our findings constitute the first report on mitochondrial efficiency in the equine COC and provide new insight into comparative gamete biology as well as metabolism of the COC during in vitro maturation.
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22
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Deng T, Xie J, Ge H, Liu Q, Song X, Hu L, Meng L, Zhang C. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) enhanced intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryo developmental competence by ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inhibiting apoptosis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 37:119-126. [PMID: 31802346 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos by evaluating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and embryo developmental competence in vitro and in vivo. METHODS ER stress-associated genes and apoptosis-associated genes were measured and apoptosis index was analyzed. Embryo developmental competence was assessed in vitro and in vivo via the inner cell mass (ICM)/trophectoderm (TE) index, pregnancy and implantation rates, and birth rate. RESULTS The relative mRNA and protein expression of binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) was significantly higher in the ICSI embryo group without TUDCA treatment (ICSI-C) than in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) group and in the ICSI embryo group with TUDCA treatment (200 μM) (ICSI-T), while TUDCA ameliorated ER stress in ICSI embryos. Embryos in the ICSI-C group showed a higher apoptosis index than those in the IVF group and ICSI-T group, and there was no significant difference between the IVF group and ICSI-T group. TUDCA can significantly improve ICSI embryo developmental competence in vitro and in vivo based on the ICM/TE index, pregnancy and implantation rates, and birth rate. CONCLUSION ICSI embryos manifested high ER stress and high apoptosis, while TUDCA ameliorated ER stress and reduced apoptosis in ICSI embryos. TUDCA can significantly improve the developmental competence of ICSI embryos in vitro and in vivo. This study provides a new idea for improving the efficiency of ICSI, and it will also have a positive effect on the development of assisted reproduction technologies for humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Deng
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Juanke Xie
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Hengtao Ge
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobing Song
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Li Meng
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.,LA IVF Clinic, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cuilian Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China. .,Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China. .,Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Rd, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan, China.
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Furuhashi K, Saeki Y, Enatsu N, Iwasaki T, Ito K, Mizusawa Y, Matsumoto Y, Kokeguchi S, Shiotani M. Piezo-assisted ICSI improves fertilization and blastocyst development rates compared with conventional ICSI in women aged more than 35 years. Reprod Med Biol 2019; 18:357-361. [PMID: 31607795 PMCID: PMC6780025 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Piezo-assisted intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Piezo-ICSI) is reported to be an effective method for inseminating fragile oocytes compared with conventional ICSI (c-ICSI). However, infertile patient groups suitable for Piezo-ICSI have not been elucidated. This study was conducted to determine age groups suitable for Piezo-ICSI using sibling egg controls inseminated by a well-trained embryologist to reduce technical inequalities. METHODS A total of 947 matured oocytes were inseminated either by Piezo-ICSI or by c-ICSI in sibling oocytes as controls. Fertilization (2 pronuclei, PN), survival, and blastocyst development rates on day (D) 5 and D6 after insemination were compared between the Piezo-ICSI and c-ICSI groups. Further analyses were applied to groups of women >35 or ≤35 years of age. RESULTS There were no significant differences in fertilization, survival, or blastocyst development rates between the two insemination treatment groups. However, for women >35 years of age, the fertilization (P = .008) and blastocyst development (P = .016) rates with Piezo-ICSI on D5 and D6 were significantly higher than in those subjected to c-ICSI. CONCLUSIONS Piezo-ICSI was useful for inseminating oocytes from women >35 years of age.
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Equine fetal genotyping via aspiration of yolk-sac fluid at 22-28 days of gestation. Theriogenology 2019; 142:34-40. [PMID: 31574398 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fetal genotyping has important applications in the horse, but currently necessitates embryo recovery and biopsy. We investigated whether fetal genotyping could be performed on yolk-sac fluid recovered from pregnant mares via transvaginal aspiration. Fluid was collected before Day 30 to provide results before establishment of the endometrial cups (Day 37). Genotyping and assessment of maternal DNA contamination was performed by analyzing histograms of PCR results for 19 loci. In Exp. 1, mares underwent yolk-sac aspiration on Days 22-28 of gestation. Fluid (0.56-1.02 mL) was recovered from five of seven mares. Four of the five mares maintained pregnancy. One pregnancy was electively terminated at Day 75; the other three mares delivered healthy foals. Extraction of DNA from the fluid sample followed by direct PCR allowed the highest rate of determination of fetal alleles. Fetal genotype was correctly determined in three samples, and for 14/19 alleles in one sample. In Exp. 2, we evaluated whether recovery of more fluid (up to 1.6 mL), and fractionation of the sample, would minimize maternal DNA contamination. One of four mares maintained pregnancy. Evaluation at informative loci showed no difference in maternal contamination among fractions. We determined that mares can maintain pregnancy after aspiration of yolk-sac fluid, and that fetal genotype can be accurately determined from the sample obtained. Further work is needed on factors affecting maintenance of pregnancy after the procedure. The ability to access the yolk sac in early pregnancy opens the door to novel potential clinical and research applications.
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Martinez de Andino EV, Brom-de-Luna JG, Canesin HS, Rader K, Resende HL, Ripley AM, Love CC, Hinrichs K. Intrafollicular oocyte transfer in the horse: effect of autologous vs. allogeneic transfer and time of administration of ovulatory stimulus before transfer. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1237-1250. [PMID: 31073725 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess meiotic and developmental competence after transfer of immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) to the preovulatory follicles of mares (intrafollicular oocyte transfer (IFOT)). METHODS In Experiment 1, mares received an ovulatory stimulus at IFOT. Thirty hours later, COCs were recovered from the follicle, and mature oocytes underwent ICSI and embryo culture. In Experiments 2 and 3, autologous vs. allogeneic COCs were used. The mares were inseminated and embryos were recovered. In Experiment 3, the ovulatory stimulus was administered 9 h (autologous) and 15 h (allogeneic) before IFOT. In Experiment 4, only allogeneic COCs were used; the ovulatory stimulus was administered 9 or 15 h before IFOT. Excess embryos (autologous) and parentage-verified embryos (allogeneic) were considered IFOT-derived. RESULTS In Experiment 1, 36/54 IFOT oocytes (67%) were recovered, of which 56% were mature, vs. 49% of in vitro matured oocytes (P > 0.1). After ICSI, blastocyst rates were 25% and 18%, respectively (P > 0.1). In Experiment 2, 0/6 autologous and 2/6 allogeneic IFOT yielded IFOT-derived embryos. In Experiment 3, 0/7 autologous and 2/5 allogeneic IFOT yielded IFOT-derived embryos. The proportion of mares yielding IFOT-derived embryos was lower after autologous vs. allogeneic IFOT (0/13 vs. 4/11; P < 0.05). In Experiment 4, 1/8 9-h and 1/7 15-h IFOT yielded IFOT-derived embryos. CONCLUSIONS Transferred oocytes mature within the follicle and can maintain developmental competence. Allogeneic IFOT was more efficient than was autologous IFOT. The time of ovulatory stimulation did not affect embryo yield. The IFOT procedure is still not repeatable enough to be recommended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Martinez de Andino
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA
| | - J G Brom-de-Luna
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - H S Canesin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - K Rader
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - H L Resende
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - A M Ripley
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA
| | - C C Love
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA
| | - K Hinrichs
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA.
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Marzano G, Mastrorocco A, Zianni R, Mangiacotti M, Chiaravalle AE, Lacalandra GM, Minervini F, Cardinali A, Macciocca M, Vicenti R, Fabbri R, Hinrichs K, Dell'Aquila ME, Martino NA. Altered morphokinetics in equine embryos from oocytes exposed to DEHP during IVM. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1388-1404. [PMID: 31025442 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer with endocrine-disrupting properties. In this study, we used an equine model to investigate DEHP concentrations in ovarian follicular fluid (FF), and to determine the effects of exposure of oocytes to potentially toxic concentrations of DEHP during in vitro maturation (IVM) on embryo development and quality. Embryo development was evaluated using time-lapse monitoring (TLM), a photomicroscopic tool that reveals abnormalities in cleavage kinetics unobservable by conventional morphology assessment. Blastocyst bioenergetic/oxidative status was assessed by confocal analysis. The possibility that verbascoside (VB), a bioactive polyphenol with antioxidant activity, could counteract DEHP-induced oocyte oxidative damage, was investigated. DEHP was detected in FF and in IVM media at concentrations up to 60 nM. Culture of oocytes in the presence of 500 nM DEHP delayed second polar body extrusion, reduced duration of the second cell cycle, and increased the percentage of embryos showing abrupt multiple cleavage, compared with controls. Mitochondrial activity and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species were reduced in blastocysts from DEHP-exposed oocytes. VB addition during IVM limited DEHP-induced blastocyst damage. In conclusion, DEHP is detectable in equine FF and culture medium, and oocyte exposure to increased concentrations of DEHP during IVM affects preimplantation embryo development. Moreover, TLM, reported for the first time in the horse in this study, is an efficient tool for identifying altered morphokinetic parameters and cleavage abnormalities associated with exposure to toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Marzano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Mastrorocco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosalia Zianni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fiorenza Minervini
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Cardinali
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Macciocca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproductive Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna,, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Vicenti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproductive Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna,, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fabbri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproductive Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna,, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katrin Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Maria E Dell'Aquila
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola A Martino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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Campos-Chillon LF, Owen CM, Altermatt JL. Equine and Bovine Oocyte Maturation in a Novel Medium Without CO2 Gas Phase. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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