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Al Kayal T, Losi P, Asaro M, Volpi S, Bonani W, Bonini M, Soldani G. Analysis of oxidative degradation and calcification behavior of a silicone polycarbonate polyurethane‐polydimethylsiloxane material. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1109-1120. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
| | - Marianna Asaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
| | - Silvia Volpi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
| | - Walter Bonani
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
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Surface, structural, and thermal properties of polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurethanes and their blends with thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sharma S, Mandhani A, Bose S, Basu B. Dynamically crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurethanes with contact-killing antimicrobial properties as implantable alloplasts for urological reconstruction. Acta Biomater 2021; 129:122-137. [PMID: 33979672 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A large population of patients is reported to suffer from urinary bladder-associated irreversible physiological disorders, rationalizing a continuous surge for structural and functional substitutes of urinary tissues, including ureters, bladder-wall, and urethra. The current gold standard for bladder reconstruction, an autologous gastrointestinal graft, is proven not to be an ideal substitute in the clinic. While addressing this unmet clinical need, a unique platform of antimicrobial polydimethyl siloxane-modified polyurethanes (TPU/PDMS) is designed and developed for its potential application as a urological implant. To the best of our knowledge, this study reports for the first time the successful integration of varying contents of PDMS within the molten polyurethane matrix using in situ crosslinking methodology. Thus, compatibilized binary blends possess clinically relevant viscoelastic properties to sustain high pressure, large distensions, and surgical manipulation. Furthermore, different chemical strategies are explored to covalently incorporate quaternized moieties, including 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP), branched-polyethyleneimine (bPEI) as well as bPEI-grafted-(acrylic acid-co-vinylbenzyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride) (PAP), and counter urinary tract infections. The modified compositions, endowed with contact killing surfaces, reveal nearly three log reduction in bacterial growth in pathogenically infected artificial urine. Importantly, the antimicrobial TPU/PDMS blends support the uninhibited growth of mitochondrially viable murine fibroblasts, in a manner comparable to the medical-grade polyurethane. Collectively, the obtained results affirmed the newly developed polymers as promising biomaterials in reconstructive urology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical procedure for end-stage bladder disease remains replacement or augmentation of the bladder wall with a section of the patient's gastrointestinal tract. However, the absorptive and mucus-producing epithelium of intestinal segment is liable to short- and long-term complications. The dynamically crosslinked polydimethyl siloxane-based polyurethanes proposed herein, and the associated synthesis strategies to induce polycation grafted non-exhaustive contact-killing surfaces against uropathogents, have a significant clinical prospect in reconstructive urology. As an 'off-the-shelf' available alloplastic substitute, these blends offer the potential to circumvent the challenges associated with non-urinary autografts or scaffold based regenerative engineering and, thereby, shorten as well as simplify the surgical treatment. The targeted application has been conceived for a bladder patch to assist in various urinary diseases including, bladder carcinoma, refractory overactive bladder, interstitial cystitis, etc. However, given the ease of fabrication, moldability and the wide spectrum of mechanical properties that could be encompassed, these blends also present the possibility to be manifested into artificial ureteral or urethral conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Anil Mandhani
- Urology and Kidney Transplant Institute, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon-12200, India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India; Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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Gawlikowski M, El Fray M, Janiczak K, Zawidlak-Węgrzyńska B, Kustosz R. In-Vitro Biocompatibility and Hemocompatibility Study of New PET Copolyesters Intended for Heart Assist Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122857. [PMID: 33260484 PMCID: PMC7761034 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The evaluation of ventricular assist devices requires the usage of biocompatible and chemically stable materials. The commonly used polyurethanes are characterized by versatile properties making them well suited for heart prostheses applications, but simultaneously they show low stability in biological environments. (2) Methods: An innovative material-copolymer of poly(ethylene-terephthalate) and dimer linoleic acid—with controlled and reproducible physico-mechanical and biological properties was developed for medical applications. Biocompatibility (cytotoxicity, surface thrombogenicity, hemolysis, and biodegradation) were evaluated. All results were compared to medical grade polyurethane currently used in the extracorporeal heart prostheses. (3) Results: No cytotoxicity was observed and no significant decrease of cells density as well as no cells growth reduction was noticed. Thrombogenicity analysis showed that the investigated copolymers have the thrombogenicity potential similar to medical grade polyurethane. No hemolysis was observed (the hemolytic index was under 2% according to ASTM 756-00 standard). These new materials revealed excellent chemical stability in simulated body fluid during 180 days aging. (4) Conclusions: The biodegradation analysis showed no changes in chemical structure, molecular weight distribution, good thermal stability, and no changes in surface morphology. Investigated copolymers revealed excellent biocompatibility and great potential as materials for blood contacting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gawlikowski
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Artificial Heart Laboratory, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.J.); (B.Z.-W.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-277-7456
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 45, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Janiczak
- Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Artificial Heart Laboratory, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.J.); (B.Z.-W.); (R.K.)
| | - Barbara Zawidlak-Węgrzyńska
- Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Artificial Heart Laboratory, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.J.); (B.Z.-W.); (R.K.)
| | - Roman Kustosz
- Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Artificial Heart Laboratory, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.J.); (B.Z.-W.); (R.K.)
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Bilayered Fibrin-Based Electrospun-Sprayed Scaffold Loaded with Platelet Lysate Enhances Wound Healing in a Diabetic Mouse Model. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112128. [PMID: 33120874 PMCID: PMC7693742 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of a bilayered fibrin/poly(ether)urethane scaffold loaded with platelet lysate by a combination of electrospinning and spray, phase-inversion method for wound healing. In particular, the poly(ether)urethane layer was obtained using by a spray phase-inversion method and the fibrin fibers network were loaded with platelet lysate by electrospinning. The kinetics release and the bioactivity of growth factors released from platelet lysate-scaffold were investigated by ELISA and cell proliferation test using mouse fibroblasts, respectively. The in-vitro experiments demonstrated that a bilayered fibrin/poly(ether)urethane scaffold loaded with platelet lysate provides a sustained release of bioactive platelet-derived growth factors. The effect of a bilayered fibrin/poly(ether)urethane scaffold loaded with platelet lysate on wound healing in diabetic mouse (db/db) was also investigated. The application of the scaffold on full-thickness skin wounds significantly accelerated wound closure at day 14 post-surgery when compared to scaffold without platelet lysates or commercially available polyurethane film, and at the same level of growth factor-loaded scaffold. Histological analysis demonstrated an increased re-epithelialization and collagen deposition in platelet lysate and growth factor loaded scaffolds. The ability of bilayered fibrin/poly(ether)urethane scaffold loaded with platelet lysate to promote in-vivo wound healing suggests its usefulness in clinical treatment of diabetic ulcers.
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Navas-Gómez K, Valero MF. Why Polyurethanes Have Been Used in the Manufacture and Design of Cardiovascular Devices: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153250. [PMID: 32707852 PMCID: PMC7435973 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to ascertain why polyurethanes (PUs) have been used in the manufacture and design of cardiovascular devices. A complete database search was performed with PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as the information sources. The search period ranged from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2019. We recovered 1552 articles in the first stage. After the duplicate selection and extraction procedures, a total of 21 papers were included in the analysis. We concluded that polyurethanes are being applied in medical devices because they have the capability to tolerate contractile forces that originate during the cardiac cycle without undergoing plastic deformation or failure, and the capability to imitate the behaviors of different tissues. Studies have reported that polyurethanes cause severe problems when applied in blood-contacting devices that are implanted for long periods. However, the chemical compositions and surface characteristics of polyurethanes can be modified to improve their mechanical properties, blood compatibility, and endothelial cell adhesion, and to reduce their protein adhesion. These modifications enable the use of polyurethanes in the manufacture and design of cardiovascular devices.
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A New Method for Fibrin-Based Electrospun/Sprayed Scaffold Fabrication. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5111. [PMID: 32198419 PMCID: PMC7083959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin is an optimal scaffold for tissue-engineering applications because it mimics the extracellular matrix. Despite this interesting feature, fibrin gel owns only poor mechanical properties that limit its applications. Different approaches have been used for fibrin electrospinning, however all the methods investigated required washing steps, cross-linking agent treatment or immersion. The aim of this work was to produce a bilayered fibrin/polyurethane scaffold by combination of the electrospun method and the spray, phase-inversion method for the preparation of a fibrin nanostructured layer to be attached onto a poly(ether)urethane microporous support layer. The synthetic layer was obtained by the spray, phase-inversion technique onto a rotating metallic collector, while fibrinogen was processed to obtain a nanofibrous structure by electrospinning. Finally, fibrin polymerization was obtained by thrombin solution spraying onto the electrospun nanofibers. SEM analysis showed the formation of filamentous structure with diameter in the range of μm attached onto the synthetic layer. This scaffold could be applied in soft tissue regeneration such as wound healing or as drug delivery system.
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Soldani G, Murzi M, Faita F, Di Lascio N, Al Kayal T, Spanò R, Canciani B, Losi P. In vivo evaluation of an elastomeric small‐diameter vascular graft reinforced with a highly flexible Nitinol mesh. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:951-964. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Soldani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Graft TechnologyIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Massa 54100 Italy
| | - Michele Murzi
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio (FTGM) Massa 54100 Italy
| | - Francesco Faita
- Laboratory for Experimental UltrasoundIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Pisa 56127 Italy
| | - Nicole Di Lascio
- Laboratory for Experimental UltrasoundIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Pisa 56127 Italy
- Institute of Life SciencesScuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa 56127 Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Graft TechnologyIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Massa 54100 Italy
| | - Raffaele Spanò
- Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineDIMES, University of Genoa Genoa 16132 Italy
| | - Barbara Canciani
- Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineDIMES, University of Genoa Genoa 16132 Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Graft TechnologyIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Massa 54100 Italy
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Boyadzhieva S, Fischer SCL, Lösch S, Rutz A, Arzt E, Kruttwig K. Thin Film Composite Silicon Elastomers for Cell Culture and Skin Applications: Manufacturing and Characterization. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30035765 PMCID: PMC6102035 DOI: 10.3791/57573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this protocol, we present methods to fabricate thin elastomer composite films for advanced cell culture applications and for the development of skin adhesives. Two different poly-(dimethyl siloxanes) (PDMS and soft skin adhesive (SSA)), have been used for in depth investigation of biological effects and adhesive characteristics. The composite films consist of a flexible backing layer and an adhesive top coating. Both layers have been manufactured by doctor blade application technique. In the present investigation, the adhesive behavior of the composite films has been investigated as a function of the layer thickness or a variation of the Young's modulus of the top layer. The Young's modulus of PDMS has been changed by varying the base to crosslinker mixing ratio. In addition, the thickness of SSA films has been varied from approx. 16 µm to approx. 320 µm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy have been used for thickness measurements. The adhesive properties of elastomer films depend strongly on the film thickness, the Young's modulus of the polymers and surface characteristics. Therefore, normal adhesion of these films on glass substrates exhibiting smooth and rough surfaces has been investigated. Pull-off stress and work of separation are dependent on the mixing ratio of silicone elastomers. Additionally, the thickness of the soft skin adhesive placed on top of a supportive backing layer has been varied in order to produce patches for skin applications. Cytotoxicity, proliferation and cellular adhesion of L929 murine fibroblasts on PDMS films (mixing ratio 10:1) and SSA films (mixing ratio 50:50) have been conducted. We have shown here, for the first time, the side by side comparison of thin composite films manufactured of both polymers and present the investigation of their biological- and adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Boyadzhieva
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University
| | - Sarah C L Fischer
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University
| | - Svenja Lösch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials; University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern
| | | | - Eduard Arzt
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University
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Riehle N, Thude S, Götz T, Kandelbauer A, Thanos S, Tovar GE, Lorenz G. Influence of PDMS molecular weight on transparency and mechanical properties of soft polysiloxane-urea-elastomers for intraocular lens application. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Sheng Z, Zhao H, Yan H, Jiang S, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Song L, Liu C, Zhou P, Liu K, Liu J, Tan Y. Intra-aortic balloon pumping and thrombocytopenia in patients with acute coronary syndrome : Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. Herz 2017; 43:555-564. [PMID: 28725995 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-017-4599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia is a frequently encountered phenomenon during intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP), which may limit its prolonged utilization. The aim of the study was to explore the risk factors and clinical implications of IABP-associated thrombocytopenia in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 222 patients with ACS undergoing invasive treatment strategy supported by IABP. The incidence and risk factors of IABP-associated thrombocytopenia, and the association between thrombocytopenia and relevant clinical endpoints (in-hospital death, bleeding according to the TIMI scale, and thromboembolic events), were analyzed. RESULTS IABP-associated thrombocytopenia was observed in 54.5% (121/222) of the patients. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was higher and the magnitude of reduction in platelet count was greater in the Arrow balloon group (n = 89) compared with the Datascope balloon group (n = 133; 68.5% vs. 45.1%, p = 0.001; 48.7% vs. 33.2%, p < 0.001; respectively). Independent predictors of thrombocytopenia included older age and Arrow balloon utilization (odds ratio [OR]: 1.054; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.028-1.080; p<0.001; OR: 2.468; 95%CI: 1.375-4.431; p = 0.002; respectively). The incidence of in-hospital death was higher in patients who developed thrombocytopenia than those who did not (9.1% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.041), and thrombocytopenia was correlated with in-hospital death (OR: 5.932; 95%CI: 1.221-28.822; p = 0.027). However, the rates of TIMI bleeding and thromboembolic events were similar between the two groups (5.8% vs. 5.0%, p = 1.000; 3.2% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.518; respectively), and thrombocytopenia was not associated with TIMI bleeding or thromboembolic events (OR: 0.940; 95%CI: 0.267-3.307; p = 0.923; OR: 0.541, 95%CI: 0.148-1.974, p = 0.352; respectively). CONCLUSION IABP-associated thrombocytopenia occurred in 54.5% of patients with ACS undergoing an invasive strategy and it was correlated with increased in-hospital mortality. Older age and use of the Arrow balloon may predict IABP-associated thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sheng
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhao
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - H Yan
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - S Jiang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Y Guan
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - L Song
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - C Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - P Zhou
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - K Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - J Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Y Tan
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, 100037, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
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Rahman MA, Cheng J, Wang Z, Ohta AT. Cooperative Micromanipulation Using the Independent Actuation of Fifty Microrobots in Parallel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3278. [PMID: 28607359 PMCID: PMC5468299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micromanipulation for applications in areas such as tissue engineering can require mesoscale structures to be assembled with microscale resolution. One method for achieving such manipulation is the parallel actuation of many microrobots in parallel. However, current microrobot systems lack the independent actuation of many entities in parallel. Here, the independent actuation of fifty opto-thermocapillary flow-addressed bubble (OFB) microrobots in parallel is demonstrated. Individual microrobots and groups of microrobots were moved along linear, circular, and arbitrary 2D trajectories. The independent addressing of many microrobots enables higher-throughput microassembly of micro-objects, and cooperative manipulation using multiple microrobots. Demonstrations of manipulation with multiple OFB microrobots include the transportation of microstructures using a pair or team of microrobots, and the cooperative manipulation of multiple micro-objects. The results presented here represent an order of magnitude increase in the number of independently actuated microrobots in parallel as compared to other magnetically or electrostatically actuated microrobots, and a factor of two increase as compared to previous demonstrations of OFB microrobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arifur Rahman
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Julian Cheng
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Dept. of Advanced Robotics, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aaron T Ohta
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
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Biocompatibility Assessment of Poly(lactic acid) Films after Sterilization with Ethylene Oxide in Histological Study In Vivo with Wistar Rats and Cellular Adhesion of Fibroblasts In Vitro. INT J POLYM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/7158650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials must meet certain fundamental requirements for their usage in living beings, such as biocompatibility, bifunctionality, and sterilizability, without having chemical and structural changes. The biocompatibility of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films, shaped by compression, was evaluated after sterilization by ethylene oxide by a histological in vivo test with Wistar rats and cytotoxicity in cell adhesion in vitro. The cytotoxicity test was performed by the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT). Thermal and chemical changes in PLA films concerning the proposed sterilization process and characteristics were not observed to evidence polymer degradation due to sterilization. The analysis of the cytotoxicity by the MTT method has shown that the sterilized PLA films are not cytotoxic. The adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on PLA films were homogeneously distributed over the evaluation period, showing an elongated appearance with unnumbered cytoplasmic extensions and cell-cell interactions. By examining the biocompatibility in a histological study, a mild tissue inflammation was observed with the presence of fibrosis in the samples that had been exposed for 21 days in the rats’ bodies. PLA films sterilized with ethylene oxide did not exhibit cell adhesion in vitro and toxicity to the surrounding tissue in vivo and they may be used in future in vivo testing, according to histological findings in Wistar rats in the present study.
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Zhu R, Wang X, Yang J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Hou Y, Lin F. Influence of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane on high-strength biocompatible polycarbonate urethane films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:015011. [PMID: 27934785 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/12/1/015011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a series of novel polycarbonate urethane films that were fabricated via the solution-casting method from 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) chain extender as hard segments, poly(1,6-hexanediol)carbonate diols (PCDL) and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as soft segments, with dibutyltin dilaurate as the catalyst. Varied molar ratios of PDMS (less than 30%) were utilized to enhance the mechanical properties and biocompatibilities. The microstructure and degrees of phase separation were characterized using atomic force microscopy. The chemical structure and surface morphology of the materials were further confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, water droplet contact angle and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. MTT assay and hemolytic tests were studied for evaluating cellular viability and hemocompatibility of fabricated films using L929 fibroblast cells and adult rabbit blood. The results demonstrated polyurethane films with soft segments partially replaced by PDMS could remarkably improve the biocompatibility while maintaining relatively stable mechanical behavior, making them exciting potential candidates for artificial vessels or other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China. Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Ejserholm F, Stegmayr J, Bauer P, Johansson F, Wallman L, Bengtsson M, Oredsson S. Biocompatibility of a polymer based on Off-Stoichiometry Thiol-Enes + Epoxy (OSTE+) for neural implants. Biomater Res 2015; 19:19. [PMID: 26396744 PMCID: PMC4578262 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-015-0041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The flexibility of implantable neural probes has increased during the last 10 years, starting with stiff materials such as silicone to more flexible materials like polyimide. We have developed a novel polymer based on Off-Stoichiometry Thiol-Enes + Epoxy (OSTE+, consisting of a thiol, two allyls, an epoxy resin and two initiators), which is up to 100 times more flexible than polyimide. Since a flexible neural probe should be more biocompatible than a stiff probe, an OSTE+ probe should be more biocompatible than one composed of a more rigid material. We have investigated the toxicity of OSTE+ as well as of OSTE+ that had been incubated in water for a week (OSTE+H2O) using MTT assays with mouse L929 fibroblasts. We found that OSTE+ showed cytotoxicity, but OSTE+H2O did not. Extracts were analyzed using LC-MS and GC-MS in order to identify leaked chemicals. Results Most constituents were found in extracts of OSTE+, whereas only initiators were found in OSTE+H2O extracts. The detected levels of each chemical found in the LC-MS and the GC-MS analysis were below the toxicity level when compared to MTT assays of all the individual chemicals, except for one of the initiators that had an IC50 value close to the detected levels. Conclusion Our notion is that the toxicity of OSTE+ was caused by one of the initiators, by impurities in the constituents or by synergistic effects of low doses of leaked chemicals. However, our conclusion is that if OSTE+ is incubated for one week in water, OSTE+ is not cytotoxic and suitable for further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Ejserholm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 221 00 Sweden ; NeuroNano Research Centre, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 8, Lund, 223 81 Sweden
| | - John Stegmayr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 221 00 Sweden ; Department of Biology, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 221 00 Sweden
| | - Patrik Bauer
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 221 00 Sweden
| | - Fredrik Johansson
- NeuroNano Research Centre, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 8, Lund, 223 81 Sweden ; Department of Biology, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 221 00 Sweden
| | - Lars Wallman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 221 00 Sweden ; NeuroNano Research Centre, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 8, Lund, 223 81 Sweden
| | - Martin Bengtsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 221 00 Sweden ; NeuroNano Research Centre, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 8, Lund, 223 81 Sweden
| | - Stina Oredsson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 221 00 Sweden
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16
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Losi P, Mancuso L, Al Kayal T, Celi S, Briganti E, Gualerzi A, Volpi S, Cao G, Soldani G. Development of a gelatin-based polyurethane vascular graft by spray, phase-inversion technology. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:045014. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/4/045014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Gradinaru LM, Ciobanu C, Vlad S, Drobota M, Butnaru M, Saint-Pierre G. Thermal behavior, surface energy analysis, and hemocompatibility of some polycarbonate urethanes for cardiac engineering. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315584173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of basic surface properties and the relationships between temperature and the configuration of the polymer surface are the key to further understand the first interaction mechanism of the polymer with the body. To this end, some poly(carbonate tetramethylene ether)urethane (PCEU), poly(carbonate siloxane tetramethylene ether)urethane (PCSiEU), and their 1:1 gravimetric mixture (PCEU/PCSiEU) membranes were prepared. In order to establish the relationships between temperature and the chemical structure of polymer surface, the polyurethane (PU) membranes were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The temperature has a significant influence on these PU surface structures. Surface characteristics such as wettability and surface free energy were also analyzed since the interaction between biomaterials and blood occurs at their interface. The preliminary cytotoxicity screening showed no cytotoxicity of these PU membranes. The PU samples do not accelerate the clot formation mechanisms under the tested conditions. The results suggest that these PU membranes are promising materials for the preparation of cardiovascular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Gradinaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - C. Ciobanu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - S Vlad
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - M. Drobota
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - M. Butnaru
- “Gr.T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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18
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Losi P, Briganti E, Sanguinetti E, Burchielli S, Al Kayal T, Soldani G. Healing effect of a fibrin-based scaffold loaded with platelet lysate in full-thickness skin wounds. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911514568436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic skin lesions are difficult to heal due to reduced levels and activity of endogenous growth factors. The platelet lysate, obtained by repeated freeze–thawing of platelet-enriched blood samples, is an easily attainable source of a wide range of growth factors and bioactive mediators involved in tissue repair. In this study, a bio-synthetic scaffold composed of poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane material and fibrin was developed for platelet lysate delivery to chronic skin wounds. The kinetics release and the bioactivity of growth factors released from platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold were investigated, respectively, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a cell proliferation test using human fibroblasts. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold provides a sustained release of platelet derived growth factors. The cell growth in the presence of scaffold was comparable to those observed for the platelet lysate added to culture medium in free form, showing that the scaffold preparation process did not affect biological activity of growth factors. The effect of platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold on wound healing in genetically diabetic mouse (db/db) was also investigated. The application of the scaffold on full-thickness skin wounds significantly accelerated wound closure at day 15 post-surgery compared with control poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold (without platelet lysate) or a commercially available polyurethane film dressing. Histological analysis demonstrated an increased re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition. The ability of the platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold to promote wound healing in vivo through simultaneous delivery of multiple active substances suggests its potential use for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Enrica Briganti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Elena Sanguinetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | | | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
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19
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Surface plasma modification and tropoelastin coating of a polyurethane co-polymer for enhanced cell attachment and reduced thrombogenicity. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6797-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Pergal MV, Nestorov J, Tovilović G, Ostojić S, Gođevac D, Vasiljević-Radović D, Djonlagić J. Structure and properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes based on poly(dimethylsiloxane): Assessment of biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3951-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija V. Pergal
- Institute of Chemistry; Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade; Njegoševa 12 Belgrade 11000 Serbia
| | - Jelena Nestorov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; 142 Despot Stefan Blvd Belgrade 11000 Serbia
| | - Gordana Tovilović
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; 142 Despot Stefan Blvd Belgrade 11000 Serbia
| | - Sanja Ostojić
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Studentski trg 12-16 Belgrade 11000 Serbia
| | - Dejan Gođevac
- Institute of Chemistry; Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade; Njegoševa 12 Belgrade 11000 Serbia
| | - Dana Vasiljević-Radović
- Institute of Chemistry; Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade; Njegoševa 12 Belgrade 11000 Serbia
| | - Jasna Djonlagić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Karnegijeva 4 Belgrade 11000 Serbia
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21
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Losi P, Briganti E, Errico C, Lisella A, Sanguinetti E, Chiellini F, Soldani G. Fibrin-based scaffold incorporating VEGF- and bFGF-loaded nanoparticles stimulates wound healing in diabetic mice. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7814-21. [PMID: 23603001 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic skin ulcers are difficult to heal spontaneously due to the reduced levels and activity of endogenous growth factors. Recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are known to stimulate cell proliferation and accelerate wound healing. Direct delivery of VEGF and bFGF at the wound site in a sustained and controllable way without loss of bioactivity would enhance their biological effects. The aim of this study was to develop a poly(ether)urethane-polydimethylsiloxane/fibrin-based scaffold containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with VEGF and bFGF (scaffold/GF-loaded NPs) and to evaluate its wound healing properties in genetically diabetic mice (db/db). The scaffold application on full-thickness dorsal skin wounds significantly accelerated wound closure at day 15 compared to scaffolds without growth factors (control scaffold) or containing unloaded PLGA nanoparticles (scaffold/unloaded NPs). However, the closure rate was similar to that observed in mice treated with scaffolds containing free VEGF and bFGF (scaffold/GFs). Both scaffolds containing growth factors induced complete re-epithelialization, with enhanced granulation tissue formation/maturity and collagen deposition compared to the other groups, as revealed by histological analysis. The ability of the scaffold/GF-loaded NPs to promote wound healing in a diabetic mouse model suggests its potential use as a dressing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Losi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
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22
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Silvestri A, Boffito M, Sartori S, Ciardelli G. Biomimetic Materials and Scaffolds for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:984-1019. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Silvestri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Susanna Sartori
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
- CNR-IPCF UOS Pisa; Via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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23
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Pergal MV, Antic VV, Tovilovic G, Nestorov J, Vasiljevic-Radovic D, Djonlagic J. In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of novel urethane-siloxane co-polymers based on poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(ϵ-caprolactone). JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:1629-57. [PMID: 21888759 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x589338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel polyurethane co-polymers (TPUs), based on poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL-PDMS-PCL) as soft segment and 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) as hard segment, were synthesized and evaluated for biomedical applications. The content of hard segments (HS) in the polymer chains was varied from 9 to 63 wt%. The influence of the content and length of the HS on the thermal, surface, mechanical properties and biocompatibility was investigated. The structure, composition and HS length were examined using (1)H- and quantitative (13)C-NMR spectroscopy. DSC results implied that the synthesized TPUs were semicrystalline polymers in which both the hard MDI/BD and soft PCL-PDMS-PCL segments participated. It was found that an increase in the average HS length (from 1.2 to 14.4 MDI/BD units) was accompanied by an increase in the crystallinity of the hard segments, storage moduli, hydrophilicity and degree of microphase separation of the co-polymers. Depending on the HS content, a gradual variation in surface properties of co-polymers was revealed by FT-IR, AFM and static water contact angle measurements. The in vitro biocompatibility of co-polymers was evaluated using the endothelial EA.hy926 cell line and protein adsorption on the polyurethane films. All synthesized TPUs adsorbed more albumin than fibrinogen from multicomponent protein mixture, which may indicate biocompatibility. The polyurethane films with high HS content and/or high roughness coefficient exhibit good surface properties and biocompatible behavior, which was confirmed by non-toxic effects to cells and good cell adhesion. Therefore, the non-cytotoxic chemistry of the co-polymers makes them good candidates for further development as biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija V Pergal
- a Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16 , Belgrade , Serbia
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24
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A combined synthetic-fibrin scaffold supports growth and cardiomyogenic commitment of human placental derived stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34284. [PMID: 22509287 PMCID: PMC3317941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A potential therapy for myocardial infarction is to deliver isolated stem cells to the infarcted site. A key issue with this therapy is to have at one's disposal a suitable cell delivery system which, besides being able to support cell proliferation and differentiation, may also provide handling and elastic properties which do not affect cardiac contractile function. In this study an elastic scaffold, obtained combining a poly(ether)urethane-polydimethylsiloxane (PEtU-PDMS) semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (s-IPN) with fibrin, was used as a substrate for in vitro studies of human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC) growth and differentiation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS After hAMSC seeding on the fibrin side of the scaffold, cell metabolic activity and proliferation were evaluated by WST-1 and bromodeoxyuridine assays. Morphological changes and mRNAs expression for cardiac differentiation markers in the hAMSCs were examined using immunofluorescence and RT-PCR analysis. The beginning of cardiomyogenic commitment of hAMSCs grown on the scaffold was induced, for the first time in this cell population, by a nitric oxide (NO) treatment. Following NO treatment hAMSCs show morphological changes, an increase of the messenger cardiac differentiation markers [troponin I (TnI) and NK2 transcription factor related locus 5 (Nkx2.5)] and a modulation of the endothelial markers [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR)]. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that the s-IPN PEtU-PDMS/fibrin combined scaffold allows a better proliferation and metabolic activity of hAMSCs cultured up to 14 days, compared to the ones grown on plastic dishes. In addition, the combined scaffold sustains the beginning of hAMSCs differentiation process towards a cardiomyogenic lineage.
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25
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Cui J, Kratz K, Hiebl B, Jung F, Lendlein A. Soft poly(n
-butyl acrylate) networks with tailored mechanical properties designed as substrates for in vitro
models. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Losi P, Briganti E, Magera A, Spiller D, Ristori C, Battolla B, Balderi M, Kull S, Balbarini A, Di Stefano R, Soldani G. Tissue response to poly(ether)urethane-polydimethylsiloxane-fibrin composite scaffolds for controlled delivery of pro-angiogenic growth factors. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5336-44. [PMID: 20381861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of a scaffold able to mimic the mechanical properties of elastic tissues and to induce local angiogenesis by controlled release of angiogenic growth factors could be applied in the treatment of several ischemic diseases. For this purpose a composite scaffold made of a poly(ether)urethane-polydimethylsiloxane (PEtU-PDMS) semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (semi-IPN) and fibrin loaded growth factors (GFs), such as VEGF and bFGF, was manufactured using spray, phase-inversion technique. To evaluate the contribution of each scaffold component with respect to tissue response and in particular to blood vessel formation, three different scaffold formulations were developed as follows: 1) bare PEtU-PDMS; 2) PEtU-PDMS/Fibrin; and 3) PEtU-PDMS/Fibrin + GFs. Scaffolds were characterized in vitro respect to their morphology, VEGF and bFGF release kinetics and bioactivity. The induction of in vivo angiogenesis after subcutaneous and ischemic hind limb scaffold implantation in adult Wistar rats was evaluated at 7 and 14 days by immunohistological analysis (IHA), while Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging (LDPI) was performed in the hind limbs at 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days. IHA of subcutaneously implanted samples showed that at 7 and 14 days the PEtU-PDMS/Fibrin + GFs scaffold induced a statistically significant increase in number of capillaries compared to bare PEtU-PDMS scaffold. IHA of ischemic hind limb showed that at 14 days the capillary number induced by PEtU-PDMS/Fibrin + GFs scaffolds was higher than that of PEtU-PDMS/Fibrin scaffolds. Moreover, at both time-points PEtU-PDMS/Fibrin scaffolds induced a significant increase in number of capillaries compared to bare PEtU-PDMS scaffolds. LDPI showed that at 10 and 14 days the ischemic/non-ischemic blood perfusion ratio was significantly greater in the PEtU-PDMS/Fibrin + GFs than in the other scaffolds. In conclusion, this study showed that the semi-IPN composite scaffold acting as a pro-angiogenic GFs delivery system has therapeutic potential for the local treatment of ischemic tissue and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Losi
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
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27
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Briganti E, Al Kayal T, Kull S, Losi P, Spiller D, Tonlorenzi S, Berti D, Soldani G. The effect of gamma irradiation on physical-mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of polyurethane-polydimethylsiloxane microfibrillar vascular grafts. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:1311-1319. [PMID: 20091101 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ether) urethane (PEtU)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based materials have been processed by a spray, phase-inversion technique to produce microfibrillar small-diameter vascular grafts; however the effect of sterilization upon these grafts is still unknown. This study investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on grafts made of PEtU-PDMS materials containing different PDMS concentrations. Sterilisation-induced changes in surface chemical structure and morphology were assessed by infrared spectroscopy, light and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile tests were used to examine changes in mechanical properties and the cytotoxicity evaluation was performed on L929 fibroblasts. The study demonstrated that physical-chemical and mechanical properties of PEtU-PDMS grafts, at each PDMS concentration, were not significantly affected by the exposure to gamma irradiation, moreover no sign of cytotoxicity was observed after sterilisation. Although in vitro experiments have been promising, further in vivo studies are necessary to evaluate the biodegradation behaviour of PEtU-PDMS graft after gamma irradiation, before any clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Briganti
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR, G. Pasquinucci Hospital, Massa, Italy.
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Soldani G, Losi P, Bernabei M, Burchielli S, Chiappino D, Kull S, Briganti E, Spiller D. Long term performance of small-diameter vascular grafts made of a poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane semi-interpenetrating polymeric network. Biomaterials 2010; 31:2592-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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A composite fibrin-based scaffold for controlled delivery of bioactive pro-angiogenetic growth factors. J Control Release 2010; 142:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Choi T, Weksler J, Padsalgikar A, Runt J. Influence of soft segment composition on phase-separated microstructure of polydimethylsiloxane-based segmented polyurethane copolymers. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Choi T, Weksler J, Padsalgikar A, Hernéndez R, Runt J. Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Polyurethanes: Phase-Separated Morphology and In Vitro Oxidative Biostability. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three series of segmented polyurethane block copolymers were synthesized using 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) or 1,3-bis(4-hydroxybutyl)tetramethyl disiloxane (BHTD) as the hard segments, and soft segments composed of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS)-based and poly(hexamethylene oxide) (PHMO) macrodiols. Copolymers synthesized with the PDMS macrodiol and PDMS and PHMO macrodiol mixtures consist of three microphases: a PDMS phase, hard domains, and a mixed phase of PHMO (when present), PDMS ether end-group segments and some dissolved hard segments. Degrees of phase separation were characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering by applying a pseudo two-phase model, and the morphology resulting from unlike segment demixing was found to be closely related to the in vitro oxidative biostability of these segmented polyurethanes.
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Lehle K, Stock M, Schmid T, Schopka S, Straub RH, Schmid C. Cell-type specific evaluation of biocompatibility of commercially available polyurethanes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 90:312-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pitcher MW, Arslan Y, Edinç P, Kartal M, Masjedi M, Metin Ö, Şen F, Türkarslan Ö, Yiğitsoy B. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Inorganic Polymer. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701540431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Pitcher
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasin Arslan
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Edinç
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Müjgan Kartal
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Masjedi
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Önder Metin
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Türkarslan
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başak Yiğitsoy
- a Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
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Spiller D, Losi P, Briganti E, Sbrana S, Kull S, Martinelli I, Soldani G. PDMS content affects in vitro hemocompatibility of synthetic vascular grafts. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2007; 18:1097-104. [PMID: 17268875 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An unsolved problem when employing small-diameter vascular grafts for aorto-coronary by-pass and peripheral reconstruction is the early thrombotic occlusion. The PEtU-PDMS is a new elastomeric material, composed of poly(ether)urethane and polydimethylsiloxane, synthesized to realize grafts with improved hemocompatibility characteristics. In order to investigate the effect of PDMS content on hemocompatibility, three different percentages of PDMS containing grafts (10, 25 and 40) were evaluated. Grafts realized with Estane 5714-F1 and silicone medical grade tubes were used as references. The hemocompatibility was investigated by an in vitro circuit in which human anticoagulated blood was circulated into grafts by a peristaltic pump modified to obtain a passive flow. For each experiment, 40 cm length graft was closed into a circular loop and put in rotation for 2 h at 37 degrees C. At the end of the experiments different parameters regarding platelet adhesion and activation were evaluated: circulating platelets count, beta-thromboglobulin release, platelet CD62P expression and amount of monocyte-platelet conjugates. PEtU-PDMS grafts with 25 and 40% of PDMS induced the lowest platelet adhesion, plasma level of beta-TG and amount of monocyte-platelet conjugates. No significative variations were observed in CD62P expression. In conclusion, PDMS content significatively affects blood-graft surface interaction, in fact higher PDMS percentage containing grafts showed the best in vitro hemocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Spiller
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Via Aurelia Sud - Loc. Montepepe, 54100 Massa, Italy
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