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Zhang Q, Yang G, Luo Y, Jiang L, Chi H, Tian G. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:38. [PMID: 38877498 PMCID: PMC11177389 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of AD. These factors promote the penetration of immune cells into the brain, potentially exacerbating clinical symptoms and neuronal death in AD patients. While microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in AD, recent evidence suggests the infiltration of cerebral vessels and parenchyma by peripheral immune cells, including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes in AD. These cells participate in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, which is expected to play a huge role in future immunotherapy. Given the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in AD, this article seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of their contributions to neuroinflammation in the disease. Understanding the role of these cells in the neuroinflammatory response is vital for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Wang H, Liu YT, Ren YL, Guo XY, Wang Y. Association of peripheral immune activation with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 388:578290. [PMID: 38301596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed the link between immune activation and neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS By employing meta-analysis, we estimated the standardized mean difference (SMD) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the groups. RESULTS According to the pre-set criteria, a total of 21 published articles including 2377 ALS patients and 1244 HCs, as well as 60 articles including 5111 PD patients and 4237 HCs, were identified. This study provided evidence of peripheral immune activation in the pathogenesis of ALS and PD. CONCLUSION Our results suggested monitoring changes in peripheral blood immune cell populations, particularly lymphocyte subsets, will benefit understanding the developments and exploring reliable and specific biomarkers of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Ti Liu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Santos HO, Delpino FM, Veloso OM, Freire JMR, Gomes ESN, Pereira CGM. Elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is associated with high rates of ICU mortality, length of stay, and invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 : NRL and severe COVID-19. Immunol Res 2024; 72:147-154. [PMID: 37768500 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a complementary marker in intensive care. This study aimed to associate high NLR values with mortality as the primary outcome, and length of stay and need for invasive mechanical ventilation as secondary outcomes, in critically ill patients with COVID-19. A cross-sectional study encompassing 189 critically ill patients with COVID-19 was performed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify the best NLR cutoff value for ICU mortality (≥ 10.6). An NLR ≥ 10.6, compared with an NLR < 10.6, was associated with higher odds of ICU mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-6.18), ICU length of stay ≥ 14 days (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.01-12.5), and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR, 5.39; 95% CI, 1.96-14.81) in the fully adjusted model (age, sex, kidney dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, antibiotics, anticoagulants, antivirals, corticoids, neuromuscular blockers, and vasoactive drugs). In conclusion, elevated NLR is associated with high rates of mortality, length of stay, and need for invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Para Street, 1720, Umuarama. Block 2H, Uberlandia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe M Delpino
- Postgraduate in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Octavio M Veloso
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe. Augusto Franco Avenue, 3500. Unit 134. Aracaju - Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristina G M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe. Augusto Franco Avenue, 3500. Unit 134. Aracaju - Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- São Lucas Hospital - Rede D'OR (HSL), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Salken I, Provencio JJ, Coulibaly AP. A potential therapeutic target: The role of neutrophils in the central nervous system. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 33:100688. [PMID: 37767236 PMCID: PMC10520304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in immune defense as the first recruited and most abundant leukocytes in the innate immune system. As such, regulation of neutrophil effector functions have strong implications on immunity. These cells display a wide heterogeneity of function, including both inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles. Neutrophils commonly infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) in response to varied pathological conditions. There is still little understanding of the role these cells play in the CNS in such conditions. In the present review, we will summarize what is known of neutrophil's role in cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a focus on highlighting the gaps in our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Salken
- College of Arts and Science, University of Virginia, USA
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Abyadeh M, Yadav VK, Kaya A. Common molecular signatures between coronavirus infection and Alzheimer's disease reveal targets for drug development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544970. [PMID: 37398415 PMCID: PMC10312734 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline has been reported as a common consequence of COVID-19, and studies have suggested a link between COVID-19 infection and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. To shed light on this link, we conducted an integrated genomic analysis using a novel Robust Rank Aggregation method to identify common transcriptional signatures of the frontal cortex, a critical area for cognitive function, between individuals with AD and COVID-19. We then performed various analyses, including the KEGG pathway, GO ontology, protein-protein interaction, hub gene, gene-miRNA, and gene-transcription factor interaction analyses to identify molecular components of biological pathways that are associated with AD in the brain also show similar changes in severe COVID-19. Our findings revealed the molecular mechanisms underpinning the association between COVID-19 infection and AD development and identified several genes, miRNAs, and TFs that may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. However, further research is needed to investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Vijay K. Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
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Aries ML, Hensley-McBain T. Neutrophils as a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123149. [PMID: 36936930 PMCID: PMC10020508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the United States. Sporadic or late-onset AD remains incompletely understood, with age as the current greatest risk factor. Inflammation in general and neutrophils, a potent mediator of inflammation, have been shown to exacerbate AD associated dementia. This review explores the latest research on neutrophils in AD mouse models and in human cohort studies and discusses current gaps in research and needs for future studies. AD mouse models have shown neutrophil chemotactic migration towards amyloid beta plaques in the brain. Capillary blood flow stalling decreases blood perfusion to associated brain regions and mouse studies have demonstrated that anti-Ly6G antibodies lead to a decrease in capillary blood flow stalling and memory improvement. Several recent transcriptomic studies of blood and brain tissue from persons with AD have shown an upregulation in neutrophil-related genes, and studies have demonstrated neutrophil involvement in brain capillary adhesion, blood brain barrier breaching, myeloperoxidase release, and the propensity for neutrophil extracellular trap release in AD. Neutrophil-derived inflammation and regulation are a potential potent novel therapeutic target for AD progression. Future studies should further investigate neutrophil functionality in AD. In addition, other aspects of AD that may impact neutrophils including the microbiome and the APOE4 allele should be studied.
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Zhang P, Zhao L, Li H, Shen J, Li H, Xing Y. Novel diagnostic biomarkers related to immune infiltration in Parkinson's disease by bioinformatics analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1083928. [PMID: 36777638 PMCID: PMC9909419 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1083928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is Pengfei Zhang Liwen Zhao Pengfei Zhang Liwen Zhao a common neurological disorder involving a complex relationship with immune infiltration. Therefore, we aimed to explore PD immune infiltration patterns and identify novel immune-related diagnostic biomarkers. Materials and methods Three substantia nigra expression microarray datasets were integrated with elimination of batch effects. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the "limma" package, and functional enrichment was analyzed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to explore the key module most significantly associated with PD; the intersection of DEGs and the key module in WGCNA were considered common genes (CGs). The CG protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify candidate hub genes by cytoscape. Candidate hub genes were verified by another two datasets. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the hub gene diagnostic ability, with further gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The immune infiltration level was evaluated by ssGSEA and CIBERSORT methods. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the hub genes association with immune cells. Finally, a nomogram model and microRNA-TF-mRNA network were constructed based on immune-related biomarkers. Results A total of 263 CGs were identified by the intersection of 319 DEGs and 1539 genes in the key turquoise module. Eleven candidate hub genes were screened by the R package "UpSet." We verified the candidate hub genes based on two validation sets and identified six (SYT1, NEFM, NEFL, SNAP25, GAP43, and GRIA1) that distinguish the PD group from healthy controls. Both CIBERSORT and ssGSEA revealed a significantly increased proportion of neutrophils in the PD group. Correlation between immune cells and hub genes showed SYT1, NEFM, GAP43, and GRIA1 to be significantly related to immune cells. Moreover, the microRNA-TFs-mRNA network revealed that the microRNA-92a family targets all four immune-related genes in PD pathogenesis. Finally, a nomogram exhibited a reliable capability of predicting PD based on the four immune-related genes (AUC = 0.905). Conclusion By affecting immune infiltration, SYT1, NEFM, GAP43, and GRIA1, which are regulated by the microRNA-92a family, were identified as diagnostic biomarkers of PD. The correlation of these four genes with neutrophils and the microRNA-92a family in PD needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongguo Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Tianjin, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Yongguo Xing,
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Liebert A, Capon W, Pang V, Vila D, Bicknell B, McLachlan C, Kiat H. Photophysical Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation Therapy as Precision Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020237. [PMID: 36830774 PMCID: PMC9953702 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a significant focus on the photochemical and photoelectrical mechanisms underlying photobiomodulation (PBM), its complex functions are yet to be fully elucidated. To date, there has been limited attention to the photophysical aspects of PBM. One effect of photobiomodulation relates to the non-visual phototransduction pathway, which involves mechanotransduction and modulation to cytoskeletal structures, biophotonic signaling, and micro-oscillatory cellular interactions. Herein, we propose a number of mechanisms of PBM that do not depend on cytochrome c oxidase. These include the photophysical aspects of PBM and the interactions with biophotons and mechanotransductive processes. These hypotheses are contingent on the effect of light on ion channels and the cytoskeleton, the production of biophotons, and the properties of light and biological molecules. Specifically, the processes we review are supported by the resonant recognition model (RRM). This previous research demonstrated that protein micro-oscillations act as a signature of their function that can be activated by resonant wavelengths of light. We extend this work by exploring the local oscillatory interactions of proteins and light because they may affect global body circuits and could explain the observed effect of PBM on neuro-cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations. In particular, since dysrhythmic gamma oscillations are associated with neurodegenerative diseases and pain syndromes, including migraine with aura and fibromyalgia, we suggest that transcranial PBM should target diseases where patients are affected by impaired neural oscillations and aberrant brain wave patterns. This review also highlights examples of disorders potentially treatable with precise wavelengths of light by mimicking protein activity in other tissues, such as the liver, with, for example, Crigler-Najjar syndrome and conditions involving the dysregulation of the cytoskeleton. PBM as a novel therapeutic modality may thus behave as "precision medicine" for the treatment of various neurological diseases and other morbidities. The perspectives presented herein offer a new understanding of the photophysical effects of PBM, which is important when considering the relevance of PBM therapy (PBMt) in clinical applications, including the treatment of diseases and the optimization of health outcomes and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Liebert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Adventist Hospital Group, Wahroonga 2076, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - William Capon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Vincent Pang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Damien Vila
- Faculty of Medicine of Montpellier-Nîmes, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Brian Bicknell
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Craig McLachlan
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Cardiac Health Institute, Sydney 2121, Australia
- ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park 2109, Australia
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Abyadeh M, Yadav VK, Kaya A. Common Molecular Signatures Between Coronavirus Infection and Alzheimer's Disease Reveal Targets for Drug Development. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:995-1011. [PMID: 37638446 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline is a common consequence of COVID-19, and studies suggest a link between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To understand the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the association between COVID-19 and AD development, and identify the potential genetic targets for pharmaceutical approaches to reduce the risk or delay the development of COVID-19-related neurological pathologies. METHODS We analyzed transcriptome datasets of 638 brain samples using a novel Robust Rank Aggregation method, followed by functional enrichment, protein-protein, hub genes, gene-miRNA, and gene-transcription factor (TF) interaction analyses to identify molecular markers altered in AD and COVID-19 infected brains. RESULTS Our analyses of frontal cortex from COVID-19 and AD patients identified commonly altered genes, miRNAs and TFs. Functional enrichment and hub gene analysis of these molecular changes revealed commonly altered pathways, including downregulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, alongside upregulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Furthermore, gene-miRNA and gene-TF network analyses provided potential up- and downstream regulators of identified pathways. CONCLUSION We found that downregulation of cAMP signaling pathway, taurine metabolisms, and upregulation of neuroinflammatory related pathways are commonly altered in AD and COVID-19 pathogenesis, and may make COVID-19 patients more susceptible to cognitive decline and AD. We also identified genetic targets, regulating these pathways that can be targeted pharmaceutically to reduce the risk or delay the development of COVID-19-related neurological pathologies and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Biology, Virginia Common wealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Vijay K Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Common wealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Kasus-Jacobi A, Washburn JL, Laurence RB, Pereira HA. Selecting Multitarget Peptides for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1386. [PMID: 36291595 PMCID: PMC9599826 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathogenesis. Developing multitarget drugs could be a powerful strategy to impact the progressive loss of cognitive functions in this disease. The purpose of this study is to select a multitarget lead peptide candidate among a series of peptide variants derived from the neutrophil granule protein cathepsin G. We screened eight peptide candidates using the following criteria: (1) Inhibition and reversion of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers, quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); (2) direct binding of peptide candidates to the human receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9), quantified by ELISA; (3) protection against Aβ oligomer-induced neuronal cell death, using trypan blue to measure cell death in a murine neuronal cell line; (4) inhibition of TLR4 activation by S100A9, using a human TLR4 reporter cell line. We selected a 27-mer lead peptide that fulfilled these four criteria. This lead peptide is a privileged structure that displays inherent multitarget activity. This peptide is expected to significantly impact cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, by targeting both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kasus-Jacobi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Washburn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Riley B. Laurence
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - H. Anne Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Chen L, Wang Y, Huang J, Hu B, Huang W. Identification of Immune-Related Hub Genes in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:914645. [PMID: 35938039 PMCID: PMC9353688 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, age-related, and progressive neurodegenerative disease. Growing evidence indicates that immune dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenic process of PD. The objective of this study was to explore potential immune-related hub genes and immune infiltration patterns of PD. Method: The microarray expression data of human postmortem substantia nigra samples were downloaded from GSE7621, GSE20141, and GSE49036. Key module genes were screened via weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and immune-related genes were intersected to obtain immune-key genes. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on immune-key genes of PD. In addition to, immune infiltration analysis was applied by a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm to detect differential immune cell types in the substantia nigra between PD samples and control samples. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was performed to further identify immune-related hub genes for PD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the immune-related hub genes was used to differentiate PD patients from healthy controls. Correlations between immune-related hub genes and differential immune cell types were assessed. Result: Our findings identified four hub genes (SLC18A2, L1CAM, S100A12, and CXCR4) and seven immune cell types (neutrophils, T follicular helper cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, type 1 helper cells, immature B cells, immature dendritic cells, and CD56 bright natural killer cells). The area under the curve (AUC) value of the four-gene-combined model was 0.92. The AUC values of each immune-related hub gene (SLC18A2, L1CAM, S100A12, and CXCR4) were 0.81, 0.78, 0.78, and 0.76, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, SLC18A2, L1CAM, S100A12, and CXCR4 were identified as being associated with the pathogenesis of PD and should be further researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang,
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Terkelsen MH, Klaestrup IH, Hvingelby V, Lauritsen J, Pavese N, Romero-Ramos M. Neuroinflammation and Immune Changes in Prodromal Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S149-S163. [PMID: 35723115 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple lines of clinical and pre-clinical research support a pathogenic role for neuroinflammation and peripheral immune system dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. In this paper, we have reviewed and summarised the published literature reporting evidence of neuroinflammation and peripheral immune changes in cohorts of patients with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder and non-manifesting carriers of GBA or LRRK2 gene mutations, who have increased risk for Parkinsonism and synucleinopathies, and could be in the prodromal stage of these conditions. Taken together, the findings of these studies suggest that the early stages of pathology in Parkinsonism involve activation of both the central and peripheral immune systems with significant crosstalk. We consider these findings with respect to those found in patients with clinical Parkinson's disease and discuss their possible pathological roles. Moreover, those factors possibly associated with the immune response, such as the immunomodulatory role of the affected neurotransmitters and the changes in the gut-brain axis, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida H Klaestrup
- DANDRITE & Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victor Hvingelby
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johanne Lauritsen
- DANDRITE & Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Valderrama A, Zapata MI, Hernandez JC, Cardona-Arias JA. Systematic review of preclinical studies on the neutrophil-mediated immune response to air pollutants, 1980-2020. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08778. [PMID: 35128092 PMCID: PMC8810373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence about the neutrophil-mediated response in exposure to air pollutants is scattered and heterogeneous. This has prevented the consolidation of this research field around relevant models that could advance towards clinical research. The purpose of this study was to systematic review the studies of the neutrophils response to air pollutants, following the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the PRISMA guide, through 54 search strategies in nine databases. We include 234 studies (in vitro, and in vivo), being more frequent using primary neutrophils, Balb/C and C57BL6/J mice, and Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats. The most frequent readouts were cell counts, cytokines and histopathology. The temporal analysis showed that in the last decade, the use of mice with histopathological and cytokine measurement have predominated. This systematic review has shown that study of the neutrophils response to air pollutants started 40 years ago, and composed of 100 different preclinical models, 10 pollutants, and 11 immunological outcomes. Mechanisms of neutrophils-mediated immunopathology include cellular activation, ROS production, and proinflammatory effects, leading to cell-death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory infiltrates in lungs. This research will allow consolidating the research efforts in this field, optimizing the study of causal processes, and facilitating the advance to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Valderrama
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Maria Isabel Zapata
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Colombia
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14
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Doroszkiewicz J, Mroczko P, Kulczyńska-Przybik A. Inflammation in the CNS - understanding various aspects of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 19:16-31. [PMID: 34856902 PMCID: PMC9127729 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666211202143935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and deadly neurodegenerative disorder, and one of the most common causes of dementia in the world. Current, insufficiently sensitive and specific methods of early diagnosis and monitoring of this disease prompt a search for new tools. Numerous literature data indicate that the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not limited to the neuronal compartment, but involves various immunological mechanisms. Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a very important process in AD pathology. It seems to play pleiotropic roles, both neuroprotective as well as neurodegenerative, in the development of cognitive impairment depending on the stage of the disease. Mounting evidence demonstrates that inflammatory proteins could be considered biomarkers of disease progression. Therefore, the present review summarizes the role of some inflammatory molecules and their potential utility in the detection and monitoring of dementia severity. The paper also provides a valuable insight into new mechanisms leading to the development of dementia, which might be useful in discovering possible anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok. Poland
| | - Piotr Mroczko
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, Bialystok. Poland
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15
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Li H, Knight WC, Xu J. Striatal oxidative damages and neuroinflammation correlate with progression and survival of Lewy body and Alzheimer diseases. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:867-874. [PMID: 34472487 PMCID: PMC8530139 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of chronic and complex disorders featuring progressive loss of neurons in distinct brain areas. The mechanisms responsible for the disease progression in neurodegeneration are not fully illustrated. In this observational study, we have examined diverse biochemical parameters in the caudate and putamen of patients with Lewy body diseases (LBDs) and Alzheimer disease (AD), shedding some light on the involvement of oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in advanced neurodegeneration. We performed Spearman and Mantel-Cox analyses to investigate how oxidative stress and neuroinflammation exert comprehensive effects on disease progression and survival. Disease progression in LBDs correlated positively with poly (ADP-Ribose) and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell 2 levels in the striatum of LBD cohorts, indicating that potential parthanatos was a dominant feature of worsening disease progression and might contribute to switching microglial inflammatory phenotypes. Disease progression in AD corresponds negatively with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and myeloperoxidase concentrations in the striatum, suggesting that possible mitochondria dysfunction may be involved in the progression of AD via a mechanism of β-amyloid entering the mitochondria and subsequent free radicals generation. Patients with lower striatal 8-oxo-dG and myeloperoxidase levels had a survival advantage in AD. The age of onset also affected disease progression. Tissue requests for the postmortem biochemistry, genetics, and autoradiography studies were approved by the Washington University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC) Biospecimens Committee (ethics approval reference number: T1705, approval date: August 6, 2019). Recombinant DNA and Hazardous Research Materials were approved by the Washington University Environmental Health & Safety Biological Safety Committee (approval code: 3739, approval date: February 25, 2020). Radioactive Material Authorization was approved by the Washington University Environmental Health & Safety Radiation Safety Committee (approval code: 1056, approval date: September 18, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifangjie Li
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William C Knight
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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16
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Kasus-Jacobi A, Washburn JL, Land CA, Pereira HA. Neutrophil Granule Proteins Inhibit Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Neurotoxicity. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:414-427. [PMID: 34429047 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210823095044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role for neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is emerging. We previously showed that the neutrophil granule proteins cationic antimicrobial protein of 37 kDa (CAP37), cathepsin G (CG), and neutrophil elastase (NE) directly bind the amyloid-beta peptide Aβ1-42, a central player in AD pathogenesis. CAP37, CG, and NE are serine proteases that can cleave Aβ1-42 at different sites and with different catalytic activities. OBJECTIVE In this study, we compared the effects of these three proteins on Aβ1-42 fibrillation and neurotoxicity. METHODS Using mass spectrometry and in vitro aggregation assay, we found that NE and CG efficiently cleave Aβ1-42. This cleavage correlates well with the inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation into fibrils. In contrast, CAP37 did not efficiently cleave Aβ1-42, but was still able to inhibit its fibrillation, most likely through a quenching effect. Inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation by NE and CG neutralized its toxicity measured in cultured neurons. In contrast, inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation by CAP37 did not inhibit its neurotoxicity. RESULTS We found that a peptide derived from CAP37 could mimic the quenching and inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation effects of the full-length protein. Additionally, this peptide was able to inhibit the neurotoxicity of the most toxic Aβ1-42 aggregate, an effect that was not found with the full-length CAP37. CONCLUSION These results shed light on the mechanisms of action of neutrophil granule proteins with regard to inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation and neurotoxicity and open up a possible strategy for the discovery of new disease-modifying drugs for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kasus-Jacobi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer L Washburn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Craig A Land
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Heloise Anne Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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17
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Muñoz-Delgado L, Macías-García D, Jesús S, Martín-Rodríguez JF, Labrador-Espinosa MÁ, Jiménez-Jaraba MV, Adarmes-Gómez A, Carrillo F, Mir P. Peripheral Immune Profile and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2426-2430. [PMID: 34101890 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood is a well-established inflammatory marker, but its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine whether a different peripheral immune profile and NLR were present in PD patients. METHODS We conducted a case-control study that included 377 PD patients and 355 healthy controls (HCs). Leukocytes, subpopulations, and the NLR were measured. Multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to determine the differences between groups and the association between NLR and clinical characteristics in PD. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between NLR and PD. RESULTS In our case-control study, the NLR was significantly higher in PD patients compared with HCs (2.47 ± 1.1 vs. 1.98 ± 0.91, P < 0.001). No association between NLR and age at onset, disease severity, or disease duration was found. The meta-analysis showed that the NLR was likely to be higher in PD patients. CONCLUSIONS PD patients had an altered peripheral immune profile and a higher NLR compared with HCs. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Muñoz-Delgado
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Macías-García
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Jesús
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Martín-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Labrador-Espinosa
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Valle Jiménez-Jaraba
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Astrid Adarmes-Gómez
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Carrillo
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Rossi B, Santos-Lima B, Terrabuio E, Zenaro E, Constantin G. Common Peripheral Immunity Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639369. [PMID: 33679799 PMCID: PMC7933037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to inflammatory and autoimmune events, suggesting that the dysregulation of the immune system is a key pathological factor. Both multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by infiltrating immune cells, activated microglia, astrocyte proliferation, and neuronal damage. Moreover, MS and AD share a common pro-inflammatory signature, characterized by peripheral leukocyte activation and transmigration to the central nervous system (CNS). MS and AD are both characterized by the accumulation of activated neutrophils in the blood, leading to progressive impairment of the blood–brain barrier. Having migrated to the CNS during the early phases of MS and AD, neutrophils promote local inflammation that contributes to pathogenesis and clinical progression. The role of circulating T cells in MS is well-established, whereas the contribution of adaptive immunity to AD pathogenesis and progression is a more recent discovery. Even so, blocking the transmigration of T cells to the CNS can benefit both MS and AD patients, suggesting that common adaptive immunity mechanisms play a detrimental role in each disease. There is also growing evidence that regulatory T cells are beneficial during the initial stages of MS and AD, supporting the link between the modulatory immune compartments and these neurodegenerative disorders. The number of resting regulatory T cells declines in both diseases, indicating a common pathogenic mechanism involving the dysregulation of these cells, although their precise role in the control of neuroinflammation remains unclear. The modulation of leukocyte functions can benefit MS patients, so more insight into the role of peripheral immune cells may reveal new targets for pharmacological intervention in other neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rossi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Santos-Lima
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terrabuio
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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19
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Runtsch MC, Ferrara G, Angiari S. Metabolic determinants of leukocyte pathogenicity in neurological diseases. J Neurochem 2020; 158:36-58. [PMID: 32880969 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the recruitment of circulating blood-borne innate and adaptive immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). These leukocytes sustain the detrimental response in the CNS by releasing pro-inflammatory mediators that induce activation of local glial cells, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neural cell death. However, infiltrating peripheral immune cells could also dampen CNS inflammation and support tissue repair. Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism demonstrate the importance of metabolic reprogramming for the activation and functionality of such innate and adaptive immune cell populations. In particular, an increasing body of evidence suggests that the activity of metabolites and metabolic enzymes could influence the pathogenic potential of immune cells during neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of intracellular metabolic cues in regulating leukocyte-mediated CNS damage in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke, highlighting the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting metabolic pathways for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marah C Runtsch
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Stefano Angiari
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Wu CY, Bawa KK, Ouk M, Leung N, Yu D, Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N, Pakosh M, Swardfager W. Neutrophil activation in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of protein markers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101130. [PMID: 32712109 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with multiple inflammatory processes implicated in its risk and progression. This review included original peer-reviewed studies measuring the cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral blood concentrations of protein markers specifically related to neutrophil activity in healthy controls (HC) and in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A total of 35 studies (NHC = 3095, NAD = 2596, NMCI = 1203) were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate between-groups standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95 % confidence intervals. In blood, concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO; NAD/NHC = 271/209, SMD = 0.41 [0.20, 0.62]; I2 = 15.7 %) and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL; NAD/NHC = 273/185, SMD = 0.30 [0.11, 0.49]; I2 < 0.005 %) were significantly higher in AD relative to HC. Peripheral blood concentrations of NGAL were also higher in MCI compared to HC (NMCI/NHC = 489/145, SMD = 0.39 [0.11, 0.67]; I2 = 38.6 %). None of the protein markers exhibited a significant difference between HC, MCI, or AD groups in the cerebrospinal fluid. The evidence suggests that peripheral neutrophil activation, as indicated by blood concentrations of NGAL and MPO, may be a pathological feature of cognitive impairment due to AD, evident at stages of MCI and AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Kritleen K Bawa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Michael Ouk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nathan Leung
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York, ON, M4G 2V6, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Maureen Pakosh
- KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York, ON, M4G 2V6, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York, ON, M4G 2V6, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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21
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A peripheral neutrophil-related inflammatory factor predicts a decline in executive function in mild Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:84. [PMID: 32171317 PMCID: PMC7071641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies suggest a role of the innate immune system, including the activity of neutrophils, in neurodegeneration related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but prospective cognitive data remain lacking in humans. We aimed to investigate the predictive relationship between neutrophil-associated inflammatory proteins in peripheral blood and changes in memory and executive function over 1 year in patients with AD. Methods Participants with AD were identified from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were assayed by luminex immunofluorescence multiplex assay at baseline. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test an underlying neutrophil associated plasma inflammatory factor. Composite z-scores for memory and executive function were generated from multiple tests at baseline and at 1 year. A multiple linear regression model was used to investigate the association of the baseline inflammatory factor with changes in memory and executive function over 1 year. Results Among AD patients (n = 109, age = 74.8 ± 8.1, 42% women, Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] = 23.6 ± 1.9), the neutrophil-related inflammatory proteins NGAL (λ = 0.595, p < .001), MPO (λ = 0.575, p < .001), IL-8 (λ = 0.525, p < .001), MIP-1β (λ = 0.411, p = .008), and TNF (λ = 0.475, p < .001) were found to inform an underlying factor. Over 1 year, this inflammatory factor predicted a decline in executive function (β = − 0.152, p = 0.015) but not memory (β = 0.030, p = 0.577) in models controlling for demographics, brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, the ApoE ε4 allele, concomitant medications, and baseline cognitive performance. Conclusions An inflammatory factor constructed from five neutrophil-related markers in peripheral blood predicted a decline in executive function over 1 year in people with mild AD.
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Rahman MM, Chakraborti RR, Potol MA, Abir AH, Sharmin O, Alam M, Khan MFR, Afrin R, Jannat H, Wadud R, Habib ZF. Epalrestat improves motor symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the reserpine induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:9-21. [PMID: 32318655 PMCID: PMC7167235 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting a large number of elderly people worldwide. The current therapies for PD are symptom-based; they do not provide a cure but improve the quality of life. Muscular dysfunction is the hallmark clinical feature of PD and oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in its pathogenesis. Epalrestat is used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and is known to improve antioxidative defense mechanisms in the CNS. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Epalrestat in the reserpine induced mouse model of PD. METHOD We used Swiss Albino mice for the PD model and tested for akinesia/bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, palpebral ptosis, and tremor, as well as conducting swim and open field tests. Brain samples were used to determine oxidative stress parameters and infiltration of immune cells. RESULTS Epalrestat treatment significantly improved akinesia and bradykinesia, muscular dysfunctions, tremor level, and gait functions compared to the reserpine group. It also improved the latency in the swim test. Eplarestat significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and NO concentration in different brain tissues and increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, Epalrestat reduced neuroinflammation by reducing the number of infiltrating immune cells. CONCLUSION Eplarestat improves muscular dysfunction in PD by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rupali Rani Chakraborti
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullah Potol
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque Abir
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ozayra Sharmin
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Fazlur Rahman Khan
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rownock Afrin
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Humayra Jannat
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rasiqh Wadud
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Zaki Farhad Habib
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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23
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Rossi B, Constantin G, Zenaro E. The emerging role of neutrophils in neurodegeneration. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fan Y, Li J, Yang Q, Gong C, Gao H, Mao Z, Yuan X, Zhu S, Xue Z. Dysregulated Long Non-coding RNAs in Parkinson's Disease Contribute to the Apoptosis of Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1320. [PMID: 31920490 PMCID: PMC6923663 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying Parkinson's disease (PD), an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease, remains unclear. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays essential roles in gene expression and human diseases. We hypothesize that lncRNAs are involved in neuronal degeneration of PD. Using microarray, we identified 122 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 48 DE mRNAs between the circulating leukocytes from PD patients and healthy controls. There were 714 significant correlations (r ≥ 0.8 or ≤-0.8, p < 0.05) among the DE lncRNAs and mRNAs. Gene function and pathway analysis of the 48 DE mRNAs revealed biological pathways related to PD pathogenesis, including immune response, inflammatory response, MAPK, and Jak-STAT pathway. In a cohort of 72 PD patients and 22 healthy controls, the upregulation of four lncRNAs (AC131056.3-001, HOTAIRM1, lnc-MOK-6:1, and RF01976.1-201) in circulating leukocytes of PD patients were further confirmed. These lncRNAs were also upregulated in THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, after inflammatory stimulation. Interestingly, the conditioned culture medium of THP-1 cells or 6-OHDA significantly increased the expression of these lncRNAs in SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line expressing dopaminergic markers. Importantly, overexpression of AC131056.3-001 or HOTAIRM1 increased baseline and 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, we identified distinct expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in circulating leukocytes between PD patients and healthy controls. Dysregulated lncRNAs such as HOTAIRM1 and AC131056.3-001 may contribute to PD pathogenesis by promoting the apoptosis of dopaminergic neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingmei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengwu Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongling Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Park H, Kang S, Nam E, Suh YH, Chang KA. The Protective Effects of PSM-04 Against Beta Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Primary Cortical Neurons and an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:2. [PMID: 30733674 PMCID: PMC6353859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow is a herb known for its therapeutic effects in insomnia, depression, disorientation, and memory impairment. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal model, there has been no report on the effects of memory and cognitive impairment. PSM-04, an extract from the root of P. tenuifolia Willdenow, was developed with improved bioabsorption. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of PSM-04 on AD and reveal the possible molecular mechanism. The neuroprotective effect of PSM-04 in primary cortical neurons treated with L-glutamate, oligomeric Aβ, or H2O2. PSM-04 exhibited significant neuroprotective effects against neurotoxicity induced by L-glutamate or oligomeric Aβ was studied. PSM-04 exhibited significant neuroprotective effects against neurotoxicity induced by L-glutamate or oligomeric Aβ. Oxidative stress induced by ROS was monitored using the DCF-DA assay, and apoptosis was assessed using the TUNEL assay in primary cortical neurons treated with H2O2 or oligomeric Aβ. PSM-04 also decreased oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and apoptotic cell death induced by oligomeric Aβ. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of PSM-04 in 5xFAD (Tg) mice, an animal model for AD. PSM-04 was orally administered to 4-month-old 5xFAD mice for 2 months. To confirm the degree of cognitive impairment, a novel object recognition task was performed. The treatment with PSM-04 significantly alleviated cognitive impairments in Tg mice. In addition, amyloid plaques and gliosis decreased significantly in the brains of PSM-04-administered Tg mice compared with Tg-vehicle mice. Furthermore, the administration of PSM-04 increased the superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) protein level in hippocampal brain tissues. Our results indicated that PSM-04 showed therapeutic effects by alleviating cognitive impairment and decreasing amyloid plaque deposition in Tg mice. Therefore, PSM-04 was considered as a potential pharmacological agent for neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Shinwoo Kang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoo Nam
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Hun Suh
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
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26
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Dong Y, Lagarde J, Xicota L, Corne H, Chantran Y, Chaigneau T, Crestani B, Bottlaender M, Potier MC, Aucouturier P, Dorothée G, Sarazin M, Elbim C. Neutrophil hyperactivation correlates with Alzheimer's disease progression. Ann Neurol 2019; 83:387-405. [PMID: 29369398 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have underlined the effect of systemic inflammation on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neutrophils are key components of early innate immunity and contribute to uncontrolled systemic inflammation if not tightly regulated. The aim of our study was to fully characterize human circulating neutrophils at different disease stages in AD. METHODS We analyzed neutrophil phenotypes and functions in 42 patients with AD (16 with mild cognitive impairment and 26 with dementia), and compared them to 22 age-matched healthy subjects. This study was performed directly in whole blood to avoid issues with data interpretation related to cell isolation procedures. RESULTS Blood samples from AD patients with dementia revealed neutrophil hyperactivation associated with increased reactive oxygen species production and increased levels of intravascular neutrophil extravascular traps. The homeostasis of circulating neutrophils in these patients also changed: The ratio between the harmful hyperreactive CXCR4high /CD62Llow senescent and the CD16bright /CD62Ldim immunosuppressive neutrophil subsets rose in the later stage of the disease. These abnormalities were greater in fast-decliner than in slow-decliner patients. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that the inflammatory properties of circulating neutrophils shift as the percentage of aged neutrophils expands in patients with AD-changes that may play an instrumental role in establishing systemic chronic inflammation. Most important, our data strongly suggest that the neutrophil phenotype may be associated with the rate of cognitive decline and may thus constitute an innovative and prognostic blood biomarker in patients with AD. Ann Neurol 2018;83:387-405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Language, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), UMR 1023 Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud-ERL 9218 CNRS; CEA/I2BM/Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Laura Xicota
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Corne
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Language, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Chantran
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chaigneau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des maladies pulmonaires rares, Paris, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), UMR 1023 Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud-ERL 9218 CNRS; CEA/I2BM/Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.,UNIACT, NeuroSpin, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Direction des sciences du vivant, Commissariat à I'Energie Atomique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Aucouturier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dorothée
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Language, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), UMR 1023 Inserm/CEA/Université Paris Sud-ERL 9218 CNRS; CEA/I2BM/Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Carole Elbim
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, team "Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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27
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Smith AM, Depp C, Ryan BJ, Johnston GI, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Evetts S, Rolinski M, Baig F, Ruffmann C, Simon AK, Hu MTM, Wade-Martins R. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glycolysis in prodromal and early Parkinson's blood cells. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1580-1590. [PMID: 30294923 PMCID: PMC6221131 DOI: 10.1002/mds.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although primarily a neurodegenerative process, there is increasing awareness of peripheral disease mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. To investigate disease processes in accessible patient cells, we studied peripheral blood mononuclear cells in recently diagnosed PD patients and rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patients who have a greatly increased risk of developing PD. We hypothesized that peripheral blood mononuclear cells may recapitulate cellular pathology found in the PD brain and investigated these cells for mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and studied from PD patients, rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patients and age‐ and sex‐matched control individuals from the well‐characterized Oxford Discovery cohort. All participants underwent thorough clinical assessment. Results: Initial characterization showed that PD patients had elevated levels of CD14 + monocytes and monocytes expressing C‐C motif chemokine receptor 2. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were increased in PD patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with elevated levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species specifically in patient monocytes. This was combined with reduced levels of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase in blood cells from PD patients and, importantly, also in rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patients. This mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with a concomitant increase in glycolysis in both PD and rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patient blood cells independent of glucose uptake or monocyte activation. Conclusions: This work demonstrates functional bioenergetic deficits in PD and rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patient blood cells during the early stages of human disease. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Smith
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Constanze Depp
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brent J Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Javier Alegre-Abarrategui
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michal Rolinski
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fahd Baig
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudio Ruffmann
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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28
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Stock AJ, Kasus-Jacobi A, Pereira HA. The role of neutrophil granule proteins in neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:240. [PMID: 30149799 PMCID: PMC6112130 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the innate immune system’s first line of defense. Neutrophils play a critical role in protecting the host against infectious pathogens, resolving sterile injuries, and mediating inflammatory responses. The granules of neutrophils and their constituent proteins are central to these functions. Although neutrophils may exert a protective role upon acute inflammatory conditions or insults, continued activity of neutrophils in chronic inflammatory diseases can contribute to tissue damage. Neutrophil granule proteins are involved in a number of chronic inflammatory conditions and diseases. However, the functions of these proteins in neuroinflammation and chronic neuroinflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), remain to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss recent findings from our lab and others that suggest possible functions for neutrophils and the neutrophil granule proteins, CAP37, neutrophil elastase, and cathepsin G, in neuroinflammation, with an emphasis on AD. These findings reveal that neutrophil granule proteins may exert both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects. Further research should determine whether neutrophil granule proteins are valid targets for therapeutic interventions in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Stock
- The Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., BRC Rm 06B121, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave., CPB 255, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Anne Kasus-Jacobi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave., CPB 255, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave., CPB 255, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - H Anne Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave., CPB 255, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA. .,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave., CPB 255, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1105 N. Stonewall, Robert M. Bird Library, Rm 258, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1105 N. Stonewall, Robert M. Bird Library, Rm 258, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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29
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Videira PAQ, Castro-Caldas M. Linking Glycation and Glycosylation With Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:381. [PMID: 29930494 PMCID: PMC5999786 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting about 6.3 million people worldwide. PD is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting into severe motor symptoms. The cellular mechanisms underlying dopaminergic cell death in PD are still not fully understood, but mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of both familial and sporadic PD cases. Aberrant post-translational modifications, namely glycation and glycosylation, together with age-dependent insufficient endogenous scavengers and quality control systems, lead to cellular overload of dysfunctional proteins. Such injuries accumulate with time and may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbated inflammatory responses, culminating in neuronal cell death. Here, we will discuss how PD-linked protein mutations, aging, impaired quality control mechanisms and sugar metabolism lead to up-regulated abnormal post-translational modifications in proteins. Abnormal glycation and glycosylation seem to be more common than previously thought in PD and may underlie mitochondria-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in a feed-forward mechanism. Moreover, the stress-induced post-translational modifications that directly affect parkin and/or its substrates, deeply impairing its ability to regulate mitochondrial dynamics or to suppress inflammation will also be discussed. Together, these represent still unexplored deleterious mechanisms implicated in neurodegeneration in PD, which may be used for a more in-depth knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms, or as biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Q Videira
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Margarida Castro-Caldas
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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30
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Liu YW, Li S, Dai SS. Neutrophils in traumatic brain injury (TBI): friend or foe? J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:146. [PMID: 29776443 PMCID: PMC5960133 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the pathophysiology about traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still limited. Neutrophils, as the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and the first-line transmigrated immune cells at the sites of injury, are highly involved in the initiation, development, and recovery of TBI. Nonetheless, our understanding about neutrophils in TBI is obsolete, and mounting evidences from recent studies have challenged the conventional views. This review summarizes what is known about the relationships between neutrophils and pathophysiology of TBI. In addition, discussions are made on the complex roles as well as the controversial views of neutrophils in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.,Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China. .,Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Boyko AA, Troyanova NI, Kovalenko EI, Sapozhnikov AM. Similarity and Differences in Inflammation-Related Characteristics of the Peripheral Immune System of Patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122633. [PMID: 29211044 PMCID: PMC5751236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Both diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation in the brain-neuroinflammation. The first signs of PD and AD are most often manifested in old age, in which the immune system is usually characterized by chronic inflammation, so-called "inflammaging" In recent years, there is growing evidence that pathogenesis of these diseases is connected with both regional and peripheral immune processes. Currently, the association of clinical signs of PD and AD with different characteristics of patient immune status is actively being researched. In this mini-review we compare the association of PD and AD alterations of a number of immune system parameters connected with the process of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Boyko
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Natalya I Troyanova
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Elena I Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Alexander M Sapozhnikov
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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32
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Anandhan A, Jacome MS, Lei S, Hernandez-Franco P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Powers R, Franco R. Metabolic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Bioenergetics, Redox Homeostasis and Central Carbon Metabolism. Brain Res Bull 2017; 133:12-30. [PMID: 28341600 PMCID: PMC5555796 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of protein inclusions (Lewy bodies) are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is triggered by genetic alterations, environmental/occupational exposures and aging. However, the exact molecular mechanisms linking these PD risk factors to neuronal dysfunction are still unclear. Alterations in redox homeostasis and bioenergetics (energy failure) are thought to be central components of neurodegeneration that contribute to the impairment of important homeostatic processes in dopaminergic cells such as protein quality control mechanisms, neurotransmitter release/metabolism, axonal transport of vesicles and cell survival. Importantly, both bioenergetics and redox homeostasis are coupled to neuro-glial central carbon metabolism. We and others have recently established a link between the alterations in central carbon metabolism induced by PD risk factors, redox homeostasis and bioenergetics and their contribution to the survival/death of dopaminergic cells. In this review, we focus on the link between metabolic dysfunction, energy failure and redox imbalance in PD, making an emphasis in the contribution of central carbon (glucose) metabolism. The evidence summarized here strongly supports the consideration of PD as a disorder of cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Anandhan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Maria S Jacome
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States
| | - Shulei Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Pablo Hernandez-Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Robert Powers
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States.
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33
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Iyalomhe O, Swierczek S, Enwerem N, Chen Y, Adedeji MO, Allard J, Ntekim O, Johnson S, Hughes K, Kurian P, Obisesan TO. The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:969-977. [PMID: 27858285 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species are thought to mediate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting that mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of AD, may be driven by similar insults. Several studies document that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is neuroprotective in the setting of neuronal insults, since this transcription factor drives the expression of critical genes that diminish neuronal cell death. HIF-1 facilitates glycolysis and glucose metabolism, thus helping to generate reductive equivalents of NADH/NADPH that counter oxidative stress. HIF-1 also improves cerebral blood flow which opposes the toxicity of hypoxia. Increased HIF-1 activity and/or expression of HIF-1 target genes, such as those involved in glycolysis or vascular flow, may be an early adaptation to the oxidative stressors that characterize MCI pathology. The molecular events that constitute this early adaptation are likely neuroprotective, and might mitigate cognitive decline or the onset of full-blown AD. On the other hand, prolonged or overwhelming stressors can convert HIF-1 into an activator of cell death through agents such as Bnip3, an event that is more likely to occur in late MCI or advanced Alzheimer's dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osigbemhe Iyalomhe
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Sabina Swierczek
- Department of Hematology/BMT, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N Medical Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ngozi Enwerem
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Yuanxiu Chen
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Monica O Adedeji
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Joanne Allard
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Oyonumo Ntekim
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Sheree Johnson
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Kakra Hughes
- Division of Endovascular Surgery, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Philip Kurian
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA.,Human Genome Center, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Thomas O Obisesan
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA. .,Howard University Clinical Research Unit (GHUCCTS CTSA), 2041 Georgia Ave, NW, Washington, DC, 20060, USA.
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Shukla S, Singh D, Kumar V, Chauhan AK, Singh S, Ahmad I, Pandey HP, Singh C. NADPH oxidase mediated maneb- and paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rat polymorphs: Crosstalk with mitochondrial dysfunction. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 123:74-86. [PMID: 26267055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and impaired mitochondrion regulate oxidative stress-mediated maneb (MB)- and paraquat (PQ)-induced Parkinsonism. However, their contribution in the MB- and PQ-induced toxicity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) is still elusive. The study investigated the role of NADPH oxidase and mitochondria in MB- and/or PQ-induced oxidative stress in the PMNs and the crossing point between the two. Animals were treated with MB and/or PQ for 1-3 weeks along with respective controls. In a few sets of experiments, rats were treated with/without NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, an hour prior to MB and/or PQ treatment. PMNs of MB and/or PQ treated animals were also treated with/without carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) to assess the role of the mitochondria in superoxide and total free radical productions. MB and/or PQ were found to increase the level of total reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide radicals, catalytic activity and expression of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD1/2) and mitochondrial ROS content in a time dependent manner. Conversely, catalase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were attenuated. Apocynin alleviated MB- and/or PQ-induced changes in total ROS, superoxide radicals, expression/catalytic activity of NADPH oxidase and SOD1/2 along with the mitochondrial ROS and membrane potential. CCCP also inhibited ROS and superoxide levels in the PMNs of MB and/or PQ-treated animals. The results demonstrate the involvement of NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial dysfunction in MB and PQ-induced oxidative stress in PMNs and a plausible crosstalk between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Shukla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepali Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Amit Kumar Chauhan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Shweta Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Israr Ahmad
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Chetna Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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Stoiber W, Obermayer A, Steinbacher P, Krautgartner WD. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the Formation of Extracellular Traps (ETs) in Humans. Biomolecules 2015; 5:702-23. [PMID: 25946076 PMCID: PMC4496692 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular traps (ETs) are reticulate structures of extracellular DNA associated with antimicrobial molecules. Their formation by phagocytes (mainly by neutrophils: NETs) has been identified as an essential element of vertebrate innate immune defense. However, as ETs are also toxic to host cells and potent triggers of autoimmunity, their role between pathogen defense and human pathogenesis is ambiguous, and they contribute to a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Since the discovery of ET formation (ETosis) a decade ago, evidence has accumulated that most reaction cascades leading to ET release involve ROS. An important new facet was added when it became apparent that ETosis might be directly linked to, or be a variant of, the autophagy cell death pathway. The present review analyzes the evidence to date on the interplay between ROS, autophagy and ETosis, and highlights and discusses several further aspects of the ROS-ET relationship that are incompletely understood. These aspects include the role of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS, the molecular requirements of NADPH oxidase-dependent ETosis, the roles of NADPH oxidase subtypes, extracellular ROS and of ROS from sources other than NADPH oxidase, and the present evidence for ROS-independent ETosis. We conclude that ROS interact with ETosis in a multidimensional manner, with influence on whether ETosis shows beneficial or detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Stoiber
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
| | - Astrid Obermayer
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
| | - Peter Steinbacher
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Krautgartner
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
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Kumar A, Shukla S, Chauhan AK, Singh D, Pandey HP, Singh C. The manganese-salen compound EUK-134 and N-acetyl cysteine rescue from zinc- and paraquat-induced toxicity in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 231:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rembach A, Watt AD, Wilson WJ, Rainey-Smith S, Ellis KA, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Macaulay SL, Bush AI, Martins RN, Ames D, Masters CL, Doecke JD. An increased neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in Alzheimer's disease is a function of age and is weakly correlated with neocortical amyloid accumulation. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 273:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress regulates HO-1 and GST expression in maneb- and paraquat-treated rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:209-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Järemo P, Milovanovic M, Buller C, Nilsson S, Winblad B. Alzheimer's disease and granulocyte density diversity. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:545-8. [PMID: 23551244 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study investigates circulating eosinophils and neutrophils in Alzheimer's (AD) type dementia with respect to density (kg/L). The existence of β-amyloid plaques in the brain is a feature of AD. Sporadic scientific reports indicate that the disease affects circulating neutrophils. In contrast, numerous publications investigate inflammatory reactions in AD brains. Locally, the plaques evoke a substantial inflammatory response involving activated microglia and astrocytes. METHODS Subjects with probable AD (n = 39) were included and compared with elderly individuals (n = 22) lacking apparent memory problems. We sampled 10 mL venous blood in citrate. Granulocytes were separated according to density in linear Percoll™ gradients. Subsequently, the gradients were divided into density subfractions (n = 16). In every fraction, determination of eosinophil and neutrophil counts was carried out. RESULTS AD sufferers displayed less granulocytes in fractions nos. 13-15 containing light cells. For these fractions, the P-values proved to be (P < 0.001; not significant; P = 0.03) and (P = 0.01; P = 0.01; not significant), for eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present work describes that less circulating light granulocytes are a feature of AD demented individuals. It is to hypothesize that it is a sign of impaired granulocyte turnover and cell damage. It is concluded that AD affects inflammatory cells in the periphery and that the behaviour of granulocytes in dementia is worthwhile further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Järemo
- Department of Internal Medicine, the Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden.
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40
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Mariante RM, Nóbrega A, Martins RAP, Areal RB, Bellio M, Linden R. Neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of the prion protein in neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35506-35515. [PMID: 22910907 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.394924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP(C)) is a cell surface protein expressed mainly in the nervous system. In addition to the role of its abnormal conformer in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, normal PrP(C) may be implicated in other degenerative conditions often associated with inflammation. PrP(C) is also present in cells of hematopoietic origin, including T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, and it has been shown to modulate their functions. Here, we investigated the impact of inflammation and stress on the expression and function of PrP(C) in neutrophils, a cell type critically involved in both acute and chronic inflammation. We found that systemic injection of LPS induced transcription and translation of PrP(C) in mouse neutrophils. Up-regulation of PrP(C) was dependent on the serum content of TGF-β and glucocorticoids (GC), which, in turn, are contingent on the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to systemic inflammation. GC and TGF-β, either alone or in combination, directly up-regulated PrP(C) in neutrophils, and accordingly, the blockade of GC receptors in vivo curtailed the LPS-induced increase in the content of PrP(C). Moreover, GC also mediated up-regulation of PrP(C) in neutrophils following noninflammatory restraint stress. Finally, neutrophils with up-regulated PrP(C) presented enhanced peroxide-dependent cytotoxicity to endothelial cells. The data demonstrate a novel interplay of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems upon both the expression and function of PrP(C) in neutrophils, which may have a broad impact upon the physiology and pathology of various organs and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Mariante
- Institutes of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Nóbrega
- Institutes of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A P Martins
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo B Areal
- Institutes of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Bellio
- Institutes of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Institutes of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kaittanis C, Santra S, Asati A, Perez JM. A cerium oxide nanoparticle-based device for the detection of chronic inflammation via optical and magnetic resonance imaging. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2117-2123. [PMID: 22337314 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11956k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of microenvironmental parameters is critical in healthcare and disease management. Harnessing the antioxidant activity of nanoceria and the imaging capabilities of iron oxide nanoparticles in a device setup, we were able to image changes in the device's aqueous milieu. The device was able to convey and process changes in the microenvironment's pH and reactive oxygen species' concentration, distinguishing physiological from abnormal levels. As a result under physiological and transient inflammatory conditions, the device's fluorescence and magnetic resonance signals, emanating from multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles, were similar. However, under chronic inflammatory conditions that are usually associated with high local concentrations of reactive oxygen species and pH decrease, the device's output was considerably different. Specifically, the device's fluorescence emission significantly decreased, while the magnetic resonance signal T2 increased. Further studies identified that the changes in the device's output are attributed to inactivation of the sensing component's nanoceria that prevents it from successfully scavenging the generated free radicals. Interestingly, the buildup of free radical excess led to polymerization of the iron oxide nanoparticle's coating, with concomitant formation of micron size aggregates. Our studies indicate that a nanoceria-based device can be utilized for the monitoring of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, having important applications in the management of numerous ailments while eliminating nanoparticle toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Kaittanis
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Koyanagi M, Higuchi Y, Makino N. Aging-associated alteration of telomere length and subtelomeric status in female patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurogenet 2012; 26:245-51. [PMID: 22364520 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2011.651665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A telomere is a repetitive DNA structure at chromosomal ends that stabilizes the chromosome structure and prevents harmful end-to-end recombinations. The telomere length of somatic cells becomes shorter with aging because of the "end replication problem." This telomere shortening is accelerated by pathophysiological conditions including daily mental stress. Living with Parkinson's disease (PD) causes physical and mental stress; therefore, the authors hypothesized that the telomere length of somatic cells was shortened excessively in patients with PD. In order to detect PD-associated somatic telomeric alterations, the telomere length and subtelomeric methylation status of peripheral leukocytes of PD patients were assessed by Southern blotting, using methylation-sensitive and -insensitive isoschizomers. The results demonstrated that the peripheral leukocytes of Japanese female patients with PD bore fewer long telomeres and a proportional increase of hypomethylated subtelomeres in short telomeres in comparison with the healthy controls. This study indicates that with the neurodegeneration associated with PD, telomeric and subtelomeric structural alterations occur. These structural telomere alterations most likely occur secondary to the acceleration of aging-associated telomeric changes and the accelerated loss of cells bearing short telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Geriatric Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita, Japan.
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Silva DF, Selfridge JE, Lu J, Lezi E, Cardoso SM, Swerdlow RH. Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease: possible targets for therapeutic intervention. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2012; 64:83-126. [PMID: 22840745 PMCID: PMC3625400 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394816-8.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria from persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) differ from those of age-matched control subjects. Differences in mitochondrial morphology and function are well documented, and are not brain-limited. Some of these differences are present during all stages of AD, and are even seen in individuals who are without AD symptoms and signs but who have an increased risk of developing AD. This chapter considers the status of mitochondria in AD subjects, the potential basis for AD subject mitochondrial perturbations, and the implications of these perturbations. Data from multiple lines of investigation, including epidemiologic, biochemical, molecular, and cytoplasmic hybrid studies, are reviewed. The possibility that mitochondria could potentially constitute a reasonable AD therapeutic target is discussed, as are several potential mitochondrial medicine treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana F. Silva
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Portugal
| | - J. Eva Selfridge
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
| | - Jianghua Lu
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
| | - E Lezi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
| | - Sandra M. Cardoso
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Portugal
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
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No increased chromosomal damage in l-DOPA-treated patients with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:737-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Variegate porphyria induces plasma and neutrophil oxidative stress: effects of dietary supplementation with vitamins E and C. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:69-76. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509991413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to analyse the influence of variegate porphyria (VP) on the antioxidant defenses and markers of oxidative damage and inflammation in plasma and neutrophils and the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamins E and C on these parameters in plasma, neutrophils and erythrocytes. Twelve women affected by VP and twelve pair-matched healthy control women participated in a double-blind crossover study. Each participant took 50 mg/d of vitamin E and 150 mg/d of vitamin C, or a placebo, for 6 months, by consuming an almond-based beverage as the vehicle. Women affected by VP presented higher C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) circulating levels. Plasma antioxidant defenses were not different between porphyric and control women. Neutrophils from VP women presented decreased catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities together with increased protein carbonyl levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from stimulated neutrophils was also higher in porphyric women than their controls. Dietary supplementation was effective in increasing α-tocopherol levels in neutrophils and in reducing MDA levels in plasma. Erythrocyte CAT and GR activities were enhanced by the enriched beverage only in the control subjects. In conclusion, women affected by VP present a situation of inflammation, plasma oxidative damage and neutrophils more primed to the oxidative burst, with decreased antioxidant activities and increased ROS production capabilities and protein oxidative damage. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E (50 mg/d) and vitamin C (150 mg/d) for 6 months decreased plasma oxidative damage and enhanced the erythrocyte activities of CAT and GR.
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Oyama JI, Higuchi Y, Makino N. Aging-associated alteration of subtelomeric methylation in Parkinson's disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:949-55. [PMID: 19502593 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A telomere is a repetitive DNA structure capping the chromosomal ends. Telomeres stabilize the chromosome structure and prevent harmful end-to-end recombinations. The telomere length of somatic cells can be determined as the terminal restriction fragment length provided by a genomic Southern blotting analysis, and the telomere length becomes shorter at each mitotic cycle due to an "end-replication problem." Therefore, older somatic cells, which have undergone more mitotic cycles, bear shorter telomeres. This telomere shortening is accelerated by various disease conditions. Parkinson's disease (PD) also yields telomere fragility, thus accelerating the telomere shortening of the circulating leukocytes. This study found that peripheral leukocytes of Japanese PD patients bear fewer short telomeres with constant subtelomeric methylation status in comparison with the healthy controls with increasing short telomeres and also increasing hypomethylated subtelomeres in short telomeres with aging. The correlation between the telomeric attrition and the subtelomeric methylated state in PD is herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular and Clinical Gerontology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan.
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Chen CM, Liu JL, Wu YR, Chen YC, Cheng HS, Cheng ML, Chiu DTY. Increased oxidative damage in peripheral blood correlates with severity of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 33:429-35. [PMID: 19110057 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress contributes to neuronal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated whether the pathological changes in PD brains may also be present in peripheral tissues. Leukocyte 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and plasma vitamin E (Vit E) were measured for 211 PD patients and 135 healthy controls. Leukocyte 8-OHdG and plasma MDA were elevated, whereas erythrocyte GPx and plasma Vit E were reduced in PD patients when compared to the controls. After adjusting for environmental factors, logistic regression analysis showed that PD severity was independently correlated with 8-OHdG and MDA level, and inversely correlated with GPx activity and Vit E level. Leucocyte 8-OHdG level was continuously increased with advanced PD Hoehn-Yahr stages, while plasma MDA level peaked at early disease stages, among PD patients. These results suggest increased oxidative damage and decreased anti-oxidant capacity in peripheral blood, and a significant correlation between leucocyte 8-OHdG level and disease severity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ahmad I, Kumar A, Shukla S, Prasad Pandey H, Singh C. The involvement of nitric oxide in maneb- and paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:849-62. [PMID: 18985485 DOI: 10.1080/10715760802513733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the manifestations of maneb (MB) and paraquat (PQ)-induced toxicity including MB+PQ-induced Parkinson's disease (PD). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) actively participate in the oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and organ toxicity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the MB- and/or PQ-induced alterations in the indices of oxidative stress in rat PMNs. Animals were treated with or without MB and/or PQ in an exposure time dependent manner. In some sets of experiments, the animals were pre-treated with NOS inhibitors N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and aminoguanidine (AG) along with respective controls. A significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide, iNOS expression and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was observed in PMNs of MB- and/or PQ-treated animals, while catalase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were attenuated. L-NAME and AG significantly reduced the augmented nitrite content, iNOS expression and MPO activity to control level in MB and PQ exposed animals. Although the augmented LPO was also reduced significantly in L-NAME and AG treated rat PMNs, the level was still higher as compared with controls. Alterations induced in SOD and GST activities were not affected by NOS inhibitors. The results thus suggest that MB and/or PQ induce iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production, which in turn increases MPO activity and lipid peroxidation, thereby oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Ahmad
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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Seibyl JP. Single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography evaluations of patients with central motor disorders. Semin Nucl Med 2008; 38:274-86. [PMID: 18514083 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging biomarkers in movement disorders during the past decade have served as diagnostic agents (Europe), tools for evaluation of novel therapeutics, and a powerful means for describing pathophysiology by revealing in vivo changes at different stages of disease and within the course of an individual patient's illness. As imaging with agents tracking dopaminergic function become more available, the next decade promises to enhance our clinical sophistication in the optimal use of dopaminergic imaging biomarkers for differential diagnosis, characterization of at-risk populations, guiding selection and management of appropriate treatments. The clinical role of these agents as clinical tools goes hand in hand with the development and availability of disease-modifying drugs, which carry the additional requirement for early and accurate diagnosis and improved clinical monitoring once treatment is initiated. Challenges remain in the ideal application of neuroimaging in the clinical algorithms for patient assessment and management. Further, the application of imaging to other targets, both monamineric and nonmonoaminergic, could serve a function beyond the important delineation of pathologic change occurring in patients with Parkinson's disease to suggest some role in improved phenotyping and classification of patients with Parkinson's disease presenting with different symptom clusters. New areas of focus based on the elucidation of mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level, including intense interest in alpha-synuclein and other protein inclusions in neurons and glia, have piqued interest in their in vivo assessment using scinitigraphic methods. Perhaps ultimately, treatment that is targeted to a better delineated pathophysiology-based characterization of movement disorder patients will emerge. The application of neuroimaging biomarkers to multiple ends in movement disorders provides an important model for the multiple roles diagnostic imaging agents can serve in neurodegenerative disorders; for diagnosis, for elaborating pathophysiology in patient populations, for developing new drugs, ultimately for improving clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Seibyl
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Molecular Neuroimaging, LLC, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Guan JZ, Maeda T, Sugano M, Oyama JI, Higuchi Y, Suzuki T, Makino N. A percentage analysis of the telomere length in Parkinson's disease patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008; 63:467-73. [PMID: 18511749 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/63.5.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are the repeated sequences at the chromosome ends which undergo shortening with cell division. The telomere shortening of the peripheral leukocytes is also facilitated by enhanced oxidative stress in various kinds of disease including ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, apoplexy, and Alzheimer's disease. Telomere shortening in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not yet been reported. The pathogenesis for PD is also regarded to be associated with oxidative stress. We investigated 28 Japanese male PD patients ages 47-69. Although we could not find a statistical difference in the mean telomere length of peripheral leukocytes between the PD patients and the control participants, we found the mean telomere lengths to be shorter than 5 kb in only the PD patients and a significant PD-associated decrease in the telomeres with a length ranging from 23.1 to 9.4 kb in the patients in their 50s and 60s. These observations suggest that telomere shortening is accelerated in PD patients in comparison to the normal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhi Guan
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Gerontology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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