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Kerr JL, Romo CM, O'Connor B, Dickson G, Novoselov M, Aguilar-Arguello S, Todoroki C, Najar-Rodriguez A, Manning LA, Twidle A, Barrington A, Leclair G, Mayo P, Sweeney J. Exploring the Nature of Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Spondylidinae) Pheromone Attraction. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01508-8. [PMID: 38842637 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cerambycid species of the Spondylidinae subfamily are distributed worldwide and are known for being prolific invaders that infest conifers. In New Zealand, Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant), the burnt pine longhorn beetle, is well-established and requires monitoring at high-risk sites such as ports, airports, and sawmills as part of the requirements to meet pine log export standards set by the New Zealand Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI). Currently, its surveillance relies on traps baited with host volatiles (i.e., ethanol and α-pinene). We used volatile collections from adult beetles, electroantennograms, and field trapping bioassays to identify the pheromones emitted by the burnt pine longhorn beetle A. ferus and their effects on its behaviour. We show that A. ferus males emit mainly (E)-fuscumol and geranylacetone, as well as the minor components, α-terpinene and p-mentha-1,3,8-triene, and that all four compounds elicit a dose-dependent response in antennae of both sexes. Traps baited with the binary combination of geranylacetone plus fuscumol captured significantly more female A. ferus than did unbaited traps in two of three field experiments. α-Terpinene did not affect A. ferus trap catches and effects of p-mentha-1,3,8-triene on trap catch were not determined. Our findings provide further evidence of the use of fuscumol and geranylacetone as aggregation-sex pheromones by longhorn beetles in the Spondylidinae subfamily, and suggest that their deployment in survey traps may improve the efficacy of A. ferus monitoring in New Zealand and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Kerr
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited), 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Cecilia M Romo
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited), 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Brooke O'Connor
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited), 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Georgia Dickson
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited), 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Max Novoselov
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited), 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Samuel Aguilar-Arguello
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited), 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Christine Todoroki
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Limited), Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Tikokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Adriana Najar-Rodriguez
- Plant and Food Research, Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, 74 Gerald St, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Lee-Anne Manning
- Plant and Food Research, Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, 74 Gerald St, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Twidle
- Plant and Food Research, Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, 74 Gerald St, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Anne Barrington
- Plant and Food Research, 120 Mt Albert Road, Sandringham, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Gaetan Leclair
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3C 2G6, Canada
| | - Peter Mayo
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3C 2G6, Canada
| | - Jon Sweeney
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3C 2G6, Canada
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Nguyen HTM, Chu L, Liebhold AM, Epanchin-Niell R, Kean JM, Kompas T, Robinson AP, Brockerhoff EG, Moore JL. Optimal allocation of resources among general and species-specific tools for plant pest biosecurity surveillance. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2955. [PMID: 38379349 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposes a surveillance model for plant pests that can optimally allocate resources among survey tools with varying properties. While some survey tools are highly specific for the detection of a single pest species, others are more generalized. There is considerable variation in the cost and sensitivity of these tools, but there are no guidelines or frameworks for identifying which tools are most cost-effective when used in surveillance programs that target the detection of newly invaded populations. To address this gap, we applied our model to design a trapping surveillance program in New Zealand for bark- and wood-boring insects, some of the most serious forest pests worldwide. Our findings show that exclusively utilizing generalized traps (GTs) proves to be highly cost-effective across a wide range of scenarios, particularly when they are capable of capturing all pest species. Implementing surveillance programs that only employ specialized traps (ST) is cost-effective only when these traps can detect highly damaging pests. However, even in such cases, they significantly lag in cost-effectiveness compared to GT-only programs due to their restricted coverage. When both GTs and STs are used in an integrated surveillance program, the total expected cost (TEC) generally diminishes when compared to programs relying on a single type of trap. However, this relative reduction in TEC is only marginally larger than that achieved with GT-only programs, as long as highly damaging species can be detected by GTs. The proportion of STs among the optimal required traps fluctuates based on several factors, including the relative pricing of GTs and STs, pest arrival rates, potential damage, and, more prominently, the coverage capacity of GTs. Our analysis suggests that deploying GTs extensively across landscapes appears to be more cost-effective in areas with either very high or very low levels of relative risk density, potential damage, and arrival rate. Finally, STs are less likely to be required when the pests that are detected by those tools have a higher likelihood of successful eradication because delaying detection becomes less costly for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa-Thi-Minh Nguyen
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Long Chu
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew M Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rebecca Epanchin-Niell
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - John M Kean
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Science Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tom Kompas
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, School of Biosciences and School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Robinson
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, Schools of Biosciences and Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eckehard G Brockerhoff
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Joslin L Moore
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Dam MI, Ding BJ, Svensson GP, Wang HL, Melo DJ, Lassance JM, Zarbin PH, Löfstedt C. Sex pheromone biosynthesis in the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis: paving the way for biotechnological production. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:996-1007. [PMID: 37830147 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera) is a key pest on sugarcane and other grasses in the Americas. Biological control as well as insecticide treatments are used for pest management, but economic losses are still significant. The use of female sex pheromones for mating disruption or mass trapping in pest management could be established for this species, provided that economical production of pheromone is available. RESULTS Combining in vivo labelling studies, differential expression analysis of transcriptome data and functional characterisation of insect genes in a yeast expression system, we reveal the biosynthetic pathway and identify the desaturase and reductase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the main pheromone component (9Z,11E)-hexadecadienal, and minor components hexadecanal, (9Z)-hexadecenal and (11Z)-hexadecenal. We next demonstrate heterologous production of the corresponding alcohols of the pheromone components, by expressing multiple steps of the biosynthetic pathway in yeast. CONCLUSION Elucidation of the genetic basis of sex pheromone biosynthesis in D. saccharalis, and heterologous expression in yeast, paves the way for biotechnological production of the pheromone compounds needed for pheromone-based pest management of this species. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bao-Jian Ding
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Hong-Lei Wang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Douglas J Melo
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Lassance
- Département de gestion vétérinaire des Ressources Animales (DRA), University of Liege, Bât. B36 GIGA-Neurosciences, Quartier Hôpital, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Paulo Hg Zarbin
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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CHAPMAN ERICG, RICHARDS AUSTINB, DUPUIS JULIANR. The longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Kentucky with notes on larval hosts, adult nectar use, and semiochemical attraction. Zootaxa 2023; 5229:1-89. [PMID: 37044634 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5229.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The longhorn beetle fauna of Kentucky has long been overlooked in the literature with revisions and historic publications reporting few records from the state. Here, we document the occurrence of 222 species of Cerambycidae in Kentucky, with 140 new state records. For each species, we summarize its distribution (overall and in the state), the counties, years, and months in which it has been collected, collecting methods, what collections house the specimens, larval host plants, adult flower visitation, chemical lure attraction, recent taxonomic changes, and other pertinent information about the species. Using this dataset, the bias-corrected Chao1 species richness estimator predicted that 241 species should be found in Kentucky, indicating that our sampling is nearly comprehensive. Additionally, we provide a list of 42 species that have been found in at least one neighboring state and the distance from the closest record of the species to Kentucky; among this candidate list are 11 species known from within 50 km of the state. This checklist remedies the historical oversight of Kentucky cerambycid diversity in the literature, and we hope it will serve as a resource for future collectors, particularly the information on chemical lure attraction, which has not been summarized to this extent for any other state to date.
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Silva WD, Zou Y, Hanks LM, Bento JMS, Millar JG. A Novel Trisubstituted Tetrahydropyran as a Possible Pheromone Component for the South American Cerambycid Beetle Macropophora accentifer. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:569-582. [PMID: 35501536 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel trisubstituted tetrahydropyran was isolated and identified from the sex-specific volatiles produced by males of the cerambycid beetle Macropophora accentifer (Olivier), a serious pest of citrus and other fruit crops in South America. The compound was the major component in the headspace volatiles, and it was synthesized in racemic form. However, in field trials, the racemate was only weakly attractive to beetles of both sexes, suggesting that attraction might be inhibited by the presence of the "unnatural" enantiomer in the racemate. Alternatively, the male-produced volatiles contained a number of minor and trace components, including a compound tentatively identified as a homolog of the major component, as well as a number of unsaturated 8-carbon alcohols and aldehydes. Further work is required to conclusively identify and synthesize these minor components, to determine whether one or more of them are crucial components of the active pheromone blend for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - José Maurício S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Kerr JL, Dickson G, O'Connor BC, Somchit C, Sweeney J, Pawson SM. Effect of Host Volatile Release Rate and Racemic Fuscumol on Trap Catch of Hylurgus ligniperda, Hylastes ater (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:168-177. [PMID: 34761254 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of bark- and wood-boring beetles is critical to support the eradication of recently established populations in novel regions. Flight intercept traps baited with semiochemical lures are essential for surveillance and population monitoring of introduced insects. We present laboratory and field data to test potential improvements in trap sensitivity to detect Hylastes ater (Paykull), Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) (Coleoptera:Scolytinae), and Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae). We evaluated the effects of type and permeability of plastic material on release rates of host-plant volatiles and the addition of the pheromone racemic E-fuscumol on beetle species catch within an exotic Pinus radiata (D. Don) plantation forest. We trapped 228,278 H. ligniperda, 91 H. ater, and 2,504 A. ferus over two experiments. Our results show strong attraction of H. ligniperda to host-plant volatiles with a positive relationship between increased release rates and trap catch. H. ater follows this trend, with attraction to ethanol and (-)-β-pinene. H. ligniperda was more strongly attracted to host volatiles than H. ater, the average ratio between baited and unbaited traps being 51.25:1 and 3.75:1, respectively for each species. There was no effect of host-plant volatiles or release rate on A. ferus catch, but a weak attraction by A. ferus to racemic E-fuscumol. Overall, we demonstrate species-specific differences in Coleoptera attraction to host-plant volatile release rates and semiochemical blends. Results demonstrate mechanisms to improve trap catch of H. ligniperda and H. ater. Racemic E-fuscumol shows some promise for A. ferus, but further investigation is required to determine whether chirality affects attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Kerr
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Georgia Dickson
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brooke C O'Connor
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chanatda Somchit
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Jon Sweeney
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, NB, E3C 2G6, Canada
| | - Stephen M Pawson
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd), Christchurch, New Zealand
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Evolutionary importance of intraspecific variation in sex pheromones. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:848-859. [PMID: 34167852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sex pheromones in many insect species are important species-recognition signals that attract conspecifics and inhibit attraction between heterospecifics; therefore, sex pheromones have predominantly been considered to evolve due to interactions between species. Recent research, however, is uncovering roles for these signals in mate choice, and that variation within and between populations can be drivers of species evolution. Variation in pheromone communication channels arises from a combination of context-dependent, condition-dependent, or genetic mechanisms in both signalers and receivers. Variation can affect mate choice and thus gene flow between individuals and populations, affecting species' evolution. The complex interactions between intraspecific and interspecific selection forces calls for more integrative studies to understand the evolution of sex pheromone communication.
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Rassati D, Marchioro M, Flaherty L, Poloni R, Edwards S, Faccoli M, Sweeney J. Response of native and exotic longhorn beetles to common pheromone components provides partial support for the pheromone-free space hypothesis. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:793-810. [PMID: 32293107 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Longhorn beetles are among the most important groups of invasive forest insects worldwide. In parallel, they represent one of the most well-studied insect groups in terms of chemical ecology. Longhorn beetle aggregation-sex pheromones are commonly used as trap lures for specific and generic surveillance programs at points of entry and may play a key role in determining the success or failure of exotic species establishment. An exotic species might be more likely to establish in a novel habitat if it relies on a pheromone channel that is different to that of native species active at the same time of year and day, allowing for unhindered mate location (i.e., pheromone-free space hypothesis). In this study, we first tested the attractiveness of single pheromone components (i.e., racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one, and syn-2,3-hexanediol), and their binary and tertiary combinations, to native and exotic longhorn beetle species in Canada and Italy. Second, we exploited trap catches to determine their seasonal flight activity. Third, we used pheromone-baited "timer traps" to determine longhorn beetle daily flight activity. The response to single pheromones and their combinations was mostly species specific but the combination of more than one pheromone component allowed catch of multiple species simultaneously in Italy. The response of the exotic species to pheromone components, coupled with results on seasonal and daily flight activity, provided partial support for the pheromone-free space hypothesis. This study aids in the understanding of longhorn beetle chemical ecology and confirms that pheromones can play a key role in longhorn beetle invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rassati
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Marchioro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Leah Flaherty
- Department of Biological Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Sara Edwards
- Forest Protection Limited, Fredericton International Airport, Lincoln, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Massimo Faccoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Jon Sweeney
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Rapid Assessment of Cerambycid Beetle Biodiversity in a Tropical Rainforest in Yunnan Province, China, Using a Multicomponent Pheromone Lure. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040277. [PMID: 33805014 PMCID: PMC8063944 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Cerambycidae comprise a diverse (>35,000 species) family of wood-boring beetles. Many are of concern as invasive species because their long-lived larvae are readily transported around the world concealed in wooden products and packing materials. Over the past two decades, our understanding of cerambycid pheromone chemistry has advanced rapidly, with pheromone structures now described for several hundred species. Furthermore, mixtures of cerambycid pheromones have been shown to potentially act as effective multispecies lures. In this study, traps baited with generic lures deployed at ground level and in the tree canopy in 22 randomly located permanent plots in a nature reserve in Yunnan, China, captured 4541 beetles of 71 species. Using Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities, we developed informative models for 18 species and demonstrated that trap height, slope, elevation, and leaf-area index were important determinants of cerambycid beetle distribution. Our results demonstrate the potential for using generic lures to detect and monitor cerambycid populations at ports of entry, and for the study of cerambycid beetle ecology. Abstract The Cerambycidae comprise a large and ecologically important family of wood-boring beetles. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a generic lure as a potential monitoring tool. Working in a subtropical forest in southwest China, we set traps baited with generic lures at ground level (1 m) and canopy height (~18 m) across 22 randomly located forest plots (12 regenerating forest, 10 mature forest). Three stations were established per plot and each plot was trapped for 7 days in May–June 2013. In total, 4541 beetles of 71 species were caught, including 26 species with 10 or more individuals. We used Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities (HMSC) to analyze the data and produced informative models for 18 species, showing that trap height, slope, elevation, and leaf-area index were important determinants of cerambycid distribution. Our results demonstrate the potential for using generic lures to detect and monitor cerambycid populations, both for regulatory purposes and for the study of cerambycid beetle ecology. Further research should focus on refining lure blends, and on repeated sampling to determine temporal and spatial dynamics of cerambycid communities.
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Rice ME, Zou Y, Millar JG, Hanks LM. Complex Blends of Synthetic Pheromones are Effective Multi-Species Attractants for Longhorned Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2269-2275. [PMID: 32696963 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The wood-boring larvae of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) can be important pests of woody plants, particularly as invasive species introduced by international commerce. Previous research has revealed that cerambycid species native to different parts of the world often share the same aggregation-sex pheromones and that pheromones of different species can be combined to create multi-species attractants that would be advantageous for surveillance monitoring for a number of species simultaneously. To explore the extent to which these chemicals can be combined into single lures, we developed four different blends of six to eight compounds and tested their effects as attractants for a community of longhorned beetle species in Iowa. The blends included known pheromones of species native to the study site, as well as pheromones identified from cerambycid species native to other parts of the world. The experiment confirmed that several cerambycid species were attracted by specific blends, in accordance with their known pheromone chemistry, and despite the presence of pheromone components of heterospecifics. This finding lends further support to developing multi-component blends that can effectively monitor for new incursions of multiple exotic species concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlin E Rice
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Silva WD, Hanks LM, Alvarez JCS, Madalon FZ, Bento JMS, Bello JE, Millar JG. Variations on a Theme: Two Structural Motifs Create Species-Specific Pheromone Channels for Multiple Species of South American Cerambycid Beetles. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11040222. [PMID: 32252447 PMCID: PMC7240461 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the identification, synthesis, and field-testing of aggregation-sex pheromones, or likely pheromone candidates, of seven species of South American cerambycid beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae, of the tribes Eburiini and Neoibidionini. Analyses of extracts of volatiles released by adult males revealed that Eburodacrys dubitata White produce 11-methyltridecanal, whereas the males of Eburodacrys assimilis Gounelle, Eburodacrys flexuosa Gounelle, and Eburodacrys lenkoi Napp and Martins produce blends of this compound, along with its analog 10-methyldodecanal. In contrast, males of Compsibidion graphicum (Thomson) and Compsibidion sommeri (Thomson) produce blends of 10-methyldodecanal and its corresponding alcohol 10-methyldodecanol. The results from field bioassays with synthetic compounds showed that each species was specifically attracted to traps containing their reconstructed pheromone blend. However, E. assimilis was not trapped, possibly due to inhibition by non-natural enantiomers in the racemic test compounds. During the trials for the Compsibidion species, adults of another cerambycid species, Tetraopidion mucoriferum (Thomson), were captured in significant numbers in traps baited with 10-methyldodecanol, suggesting that this compound is a pheromone component for this species. This study demonstrates another case of conservation of pheromone structures within South American cerambycid species. It also highlights how blends of closely related structures, differing only in chain length or functional group, make the evolution of species-specific pheromone channels possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D. Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (W.D.S.); (J.G.M.)
| | - Lawrence M. Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Fernando Z. Madalon
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
| | - José Maurício S. Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
| | - Jan E. Bello
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Correspondence: (W.D.S.); (J.G.M.)
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A male-produced aggregation-sex pheromone of the beetle Arhopalus rusticus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Spondylinae) may be useful in managing this invasive species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19570. [PMID: 31863031 PMCID: PMC6925271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The longhorned beetle Arhopalus rusticus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Spondylinae) is a common species in conifer forests of the Northern Hemisphere, but with global trade, it has invaded and become established in New Zealand, Australia, and South America. Arhopalus rusticus is a suspected vector of the phytopathogenic nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease, which is a major threat to pine forests worldwide. Here, we report the identification of a volatile, male-produced aggregation-sex pheromone for this species. Headspace odours from males contained a major male-specific compound, identified as (2 S, 5E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol (common name (S)-fuscumol), and a minor component (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one (geranylacetone). Both compounds are known pheromone components for species in the same subfamily. In field trials in its native range in Slovenia, (S)-fuscumol was significantly more attractive to beetles of both sexes, than racemic fuscumol and a blend of host plant volatiles commonly used as an attractant for this species. Fuscumol-baited traps also caught significant numbers of another spondylidine species, Spondylis buprestoides (L.), and a rare click beetle, Stenagostus rufus (De Geer). The pheromone can be exploited as a cost-effective and environmentally safe tool for detection and monitoring of this invasive species at ports of entry, and for monitoring the beetle's distribution and population trends in both endemic and invasive populations.
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13
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Meier LR, Zou Y, Mongold-Diers JA, Millar JG, Hanks LM. Pheromone Composition and Chemical Ecology of Six Species of Cerambycid Beetles in the Subfamily Lamiinae. J Chem Ecol 2019; 46:30-39. [PMID: 31808075 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerambycid beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae use male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones that are attractive to both sexes. Terpenoid pheromones have been identified from species in the tribes Acanthoderini and Acanthocinini native to North and South America, comprised of (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one (geranylacetone), the structurally related 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (sulcatone), and/or specific enantiomers or nonracemic ratios of enantiomers of the related compounds (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol (fuscumol), its acetate ester, (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate (fuscumol acetate), and 6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol (sulcatol). Here, we present new information about the chemical ecology of six acanthoderine and acanthocinine species native to the eastern USA. The pheromone of Astyleiopus variegatus (Haldeman) previously was identified as a blend of (S)-fuscumol and (S)-fuscumol acetate, and we report here that geranylacetone is a synergistic component. Males of Aegomorphus modestus (Gyllenhal), Lepturges angulatus (LeConte), and Lepturges confluens (Haldeman) were found to produce similar blends composed of the enantiomers of fuscumol acetate and geranylacetone, whereas males of Astylidius parvus (LeConte) and Sternidius alpha (Say) produced both enantiomers of fuscumol together with (R)-fuscumol acetate and geranylacetone. Field experiments with synthesized chemicals revealed that species with similar pheromone composition nevertheless differed in their responses to individual components, and to various blends of components, and in how attraction was influenced by chemicals that were pheromone components of other species. Sulcatone and/or sulcatol antagonized attraction of some species to pheromones of the geranylacetone class, suggesting that there is an adaptive advantage in an ability to detect these heterospecific compounds, such as in avoiding cross attraction to other cerambycid species, as yet unknown, that use pheromones composed of both chemical classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea R Meier
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., 320 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Otis Air National Guard Base, Buzzards Bay, MA, 02542, USA
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Judith A Mongold-Diers
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., 320 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., 320 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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14
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He J, Dai Q, Qi Y, Wu Z, Fang Q, Su P, Huang M, Burgess JG, Ke C, Feng D. Aggregation Pheromone for an Invasive Mussel Consists of a Precise Combination of Three Common Purines. iScience 2019; 19:691-702. [PMID: 31473589 PMCID: PMC6728611 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most marine benthic invertebrates have a pelagic larval phase, after which they settle preferentially on or near conspecific adults, forming aggregations. Although settlement pheromones from conspecific adults have been implicated as critical drivers of aggregation for more than 30 years, surprisingly few have been unambiguously identified. Here we show that in the invasive dreissenid mussel Mytilopsis sallei (an ecological and economic pest), three common purines (adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine) released from adults in a synergistic and precise ratio (1:1.125:3.25) serve as an aggregation pheromone by inducing conspecific larval settlement and metamorphosis. Our results demonstrate that simple common metabolites can function as species-specific pheromones when present in precise combinations. This study provides important insights into our understanding of the ecology and communication processes of invasive organisms and indicates that the combination and ratio of purines might be critical for purine-based signaling systems that are fundamental and widespread in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qi Dai
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuxuan Qi
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qianyun Fang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pei Su
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Miaoqin Huang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - J Grant Burgess
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Danqing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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15
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Hanks LM, Mongold-Diers JA, Mitchell RF, Zou Y, Wong JCH, Meier LR, Johnson TD, Millar JG. The Role of Minor Pheromone Components in Segregating 14 Species of Longhorned Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the Subfamily Cerambycinae. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:2236-2252. [PMID: 31136653 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present research on the chemical ecology of 14 species of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in four tribes of the subfamily Cerambycinae, conducted in east-central Illinois over 8 yr. Adult males produce aggregation-sex pheromones that attract both sexes. Twenty independent field bioassays explored the pheromone chemistry of the species and tested the possible attractive or antagonistic effects of compounds that are not produced by a given species, but are pheromone components of other species. Analyses of beetle-produced volatiles revealed compounds that had not been reported previously from several of the species. The most common pheromone component was (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, but pheromones of some species included isomers of the related 2,3-hexanediols. Males of the congeners Phymatodes amoenus (Say) and Phymatodes testaceus (L.) produced pure (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol. Enantiomers of 2-methylbutan-1-ol also proved to be powerful synergists for Megacyllene caryae (Gahan), Sarosesthes fulminans (F.), and Xylotrechus colonus (F.). The major components of pheromone blends were consistently present in collections of headspace volatiles from male beetles, and only the major components were inherently attractive to a subset of species when tested as single components. Minor components of some species acted as powerful synergists, but in other cases appeared not to influence attraction. Among the minor components identified in headspace extracts from males, 2,3-hexanedione and 2-hydroxyhexan-3-one appeared to be analytical artifacts or biosynthetic by-products, and were neither attractants nor synergists. The antagonistic effects of minor compounds produced by heterospecific males suggest that these compounds serve to maintain prezygotic reproductive isolation among some species that share pheromone components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | | | - Robert F Mitchell
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Joseph C H Wong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Linnea R Meier
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Todd D Johnson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
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16
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(S)-Sulcatol Is a Pheromone Component for Two Species of Cerambycid Beetles in the Subfamily Lamiinae. J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:447-454. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Halloran ST, Collignon RM, McElfresh JS, Millar JG. Fuscumol and Geranylacetone as Pheromone Components of Californian Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Subfamily Spondylidinae. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:1300-1305. [PMID: 29986003 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In field trials testing attraction of cerambycid beetles to a blend of known pheromone components plus host plant volatiles, several species in the subfamily Spondylidinae were attracted to baited traps, suggesting that one or more components of the blend might constitute their pheromones. Here, we describe laboratory and field experiments aimed at identifying the actual pheromone components produced by these species. Analysis of headspace odors collected from male Tetropium abietis (Fall) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) contained (S)-fuscumol as a single component, whereas Asemum nitidum (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) males produced both (S)-fuscumol and geranylacetone, and Asemum caseyi (Linsley) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) produced only geranylacetone. In field trials testing fuscumol, fuscumol acetate, and geranylacetone as individual components or in blends, in combination with host plant volatiles, A. nitidum were attracted to blends of fuscumol and geranylacetone, T. abietis were attracted to fuscumol alone, and A. caseyi were attracted to geranylacetone alone. Fuscumol acetate did not appear to be either attractive or inhibitory. These results, along with previous catches of spondylidine species in traps baited with fuscumol, provide evidence that fuscumol and geranylacetone are likely to be relatively common pheromone structures for species in the subfamily Spondylidinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Halloran
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | | | | | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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18
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Hanks LM, Mongold-Diers JA, Atkinson TH, Fierke MK, Ginzel MD, Graham EE, Poland TM, Richards AB, Richardson ML, Millar JG. Blends of Pheromones, With and Without Host Plant Volatiles, Can Attract Multiple Species of Cerambycid Beetles Simultaneously. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:716-724. [PMID: 29361020 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pheromone components of cerambycid beetles are often conserved, with a given compound serving as a pheromone component for multiple related species, including species native to different continents. Consequently, a single synthesized compound may attract multiple species to a trap simultaneously. Furthermore, our previous research in east-central Illinois had demonstrated that pheromones of different species can be combined to attract an even greater diversity of species. Here, we describe the results of field bioassays in the northeastern, midwestern, southeastern, south-central, and southwestern United States that assessed attraction of cerambycids to a 'generic' pheromone blend containing six known cerambycid pheromone components, versus the individual components of the blend, and how attraction was influenced by plant volatiles. Nineteen species were attracted in significant numbers, with the pheromone blend attracting about twice as many species as any of the individual components. The blend attracted species of three subfamilies, whereas individual components attracted species within one subfamily. However, some antagonistic interactions between blend components were identified. The plant volatiles ethanol and α-pinene usually enhanced attraction to the blend. Taken together, these experiments suggest that blends of cerambycid pheromones, if selected carefully to minimize inhibitory effects, can be effective for sampling a diversity of species, and that plant volatiles generally enhance attraction. Such generic pheromone blends may serve as an effective and economical method of detecting incursions of exotic, potentially invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - J A Mongold-Diers
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - T H Atkinson
- University of Texas Insect Collection, Lake Austin Center, Austin, TX
| | - M K Fierke
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY
| | - M D Ginzel
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - E E Graham
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | | | - A B Richards
- Aquatic Bioassessment Laboratory, California State University, Chico, CA
| | - M L Richardson
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability, and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
| | - J G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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19
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Millar JG, Mitchell RF, Mongold-Diers JA, Zou Y, Bográn CE, Fierke MK, Ginzel MD, Johnson CW, Meeker JR, Poland TM, Ragenovich I, Hanks LM. Identifying Possible Pheromones of Cerambycid Beetles by Field Testing Known Pheromone Components in Four Widely Separated Regions of the United States. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:252-259. [PMID: 29228303 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pheromone components of many cerambycid beetles appear to be broadly shared among related species, including species native to different regions of the world. This apparent conservation of pheromone structures within the family suggests that field trials of common pheromone components could be used as a means of attracting multiple species, which then could be targeted for full identification of their pheromones. Here, we describe the results of such field trials that were conducted in nine states in the northeastern, midwestern, southern, and western United States. Traps captured 12,742 cerambycid beetles of 153 species and subspecies. Species attracted in significant numbers to a particular treatment (some in multiple regions) included 19 species in the subfamily Cerambycinae, 15 species in the Lamiinae, one species in the Prioninae, and two species in the Spondylidinae. Pheromones or likely pheromones for many of these species, such as 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and syn- and anti-2,3-hexanediols for cerambycine species, and fuscumol and/or fuscumol acetate for lamiine species, had already been identified. New information about attractants (in most cases likely pheromone components) was found for five cerambycine species (Ancylocera bicolor [Olivier], Elaphidion mucronatum [Say], Knulliana cincta cincta [Drury], Phymatodes aeneus LeConte, and Rusticoclytus annosus emotus [Brown]), and five lamiine species (Ecyrus dasycerus dasycerus [Say], Lepturges symmetricus [Haldeman], Sternidius misellus [LeConte], Styloleptus biustus biustus [LeConte], and Urgleptes signatus [LeConte]). Consistent attraction of some species to the same compounds in independent bioassays demonstrated the utility and reliability of pheromone-based methods for sampling cerambycid populations across broad spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Robert F Mitchell
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | | | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | | | - Melissa K Fierke
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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20
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Wong JCH, Meier LR, Zou Y, Mongold-Diers JA, Hanks LM. Evaluation of Methods Used in Testing Attraction of Cerambycid Beetles to Pheromone-Baited Traps. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:2269-2274. [PMID: 28961893 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe several field experiments that evaluated potential problems with current methods of trapping cerambycid beetles using panel traps baited with synthesized pheromones. Positioning traps at least 5 m apart in linear transects was effective in preventing unbaited traps from intercepting beetles that were flying to baited traps, which would result in interference between treatments. There was no evidence that traps baited with a strong attractant drew beetles away from traps baited with weaker attractants, which would lead to the erroneous conclusion that the latter have no activity. Unbaited panel traps were minimally attractive to cerambycid beetles, and unlikely to intercept them passively in flight. Finally, dose-response experiments revealed that trap catch of cerambycids was positively associated with pheromone release rates. Overall, our results generally validated current methods of trapping cerambycids using traps baited with pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C H Wong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Linnea R Meier
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | | | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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21
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Silva WD, Zou Y, Bento JMS, Hanks LM, Millar JG. Aggregation-Sex Pheromones and Likely Pheromones of 11 South American Cerambycid Beetles, and Partitioning of Pheromone Channels. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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The Rare North American Cerambycid Beetle Dryobius sexnotatus Shares a Novel Pyrrole Pheromone Component with Species in Asia and South America. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:739-744. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Wong JCH, Zou Y, Millar JG, Hanks LM. Attraction of Cerambycid Beetles to Their Aggregation-Sex Pheromones Is Influenced by Volatiles From Host Plants of Their Larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:649-653. [PMID: 28402490 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a field experiment that tested for attraction of cerambycid beetles to odors from angiosperm hosts, and whether plant volatiles also serve to enhance attraction of beetles to their aggregation-sex pheromones. Traps were baited with a blend of synthesized chemicals that are common pheromone components of species in the subfamilies Cerambycinae and Lamiinae. The source of plant volatiles was chipped wood from trees of three angiosperm species, as well as from one nonhost, gymnosperm species. Bioassays were conducted in wooded areas of east-central Illinois. Traps were baited with the pheromone blend alone, the blend + wood chips from one tree species, wood chips alone, or a solvent control lure. Seven species of cerambycids were significantly attracted to the pheromone blend, with or without wood chips. In two cases, wood chips from angiosperms appeared to enhance attraction to pheromones, whereas they inhibited attraction in another three cases. Pine chips did not strongly influence attraction of any species. Overall, our results suggest that host plant volatiles from wood chips may improve trap catch with synthesized pheromones for some cerambycid species, but the effect is not general, necessitating case-by-case testing to determine how individual target species are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C H Wong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (; )
| | - Y Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; )
| | - J G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; )
| | - L M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (; )
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24
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Wong JCH, Hanks LM. Influence of Fermenting Bait and Vertical Position of Traps on Attraction of Cerambycid Beetles to Pheromone Lures. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2145-2150. [PMID: 27567221 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Because larvae of cerambycid beetles feed within woody plants, they are difficult to detect, and are readily transported in lumber and other wooden products. As a result, increasing numbers of exotic cerambycid species are being introduced into new regions of the world through international commerce, and many of these species pose a threat to woody plants in natural and managed forests. There is a great need for effective methods for detecting exotic and potentially invasive cerambycid species, and for monitoring native species for conservation purposes. Here, we describe a field experiment in east-central Illinois which tested whether attraction of beetles to a blend of synthesized cerambycid pheromones would be enhanced by volatiles from fermenting bait composed of crushed fruit, sugars, yeast, and wood chips. A second experiment tested the same treatments, but also assessed how trap catch was influenced by the vertical position of traps within forests (understory versus within the canopy). During the two experiments, 885 cerambycid beetles of 37 species were caught, with Xylotrechus colonus (F.) (subfamily Cerambycinae) being the most numerous (∼52% of total). Adults of several cerambycid species were significantly attracted by the pheromone blend, but the fermenting bait significantly enhanced attraction only for X. colonus and Graphisurus fasciatus (Degeer) (subfamily Lamiinae). Traps in the forest understory caught the greatest number of X. colonus and G. fasciatus, whereas more adults of the cerambycine Neoclytus mucronatus mucronatus (F.) were caught in the forest canopy rather than the understory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C H Wong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (; )
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (; )
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25
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Hanks LM, Millar JG. Sex and Aggregation-Sex Pheromones of Cerambycid Beetles: Basic Science and Practical Applications. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:631-54. [PMID: 27501814 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research since 2004 has shown that the use of volatile attractants and pheromones is widespread in the large beetle family Cerambycidae, with pheromones now identified from more than 100 species, and likely pheromones for many more. The pheromones identified to date from species in the subfamilies Cerambycinae, Spondylidinae, and Lamiinae are all male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones that attract both sexes, whereas all known examples for species in the subfamilies Prioninae and Lepturinae are female-produced sex pheromones that attract only males. Here, we summarize the chemistry of the known pheromones, and the optimal methods for their collection, analysis, and synthesis. Attraction of cerambycids to host plant volatiles, interactions between their pheromones and host plant volatiles, and the implications of pheromone chemistry for invasion biology are discussed. We also describe optimized traps, lures, and operational parameters for practical applications of the pheromones in detection, sampling, and management of cerambycids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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