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Tan K, Cai X, Tan K, Kwan KY. A review of natural and anthropogenic radionuclide pollution in marine bivalves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165030. [PMID: 37356775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide contamination in food is a public health issue. Bivalves are known to accumulate relatively high levels of radionuclides. Despite many relevant reports, this information is poorly organized. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a comprehensive scientific review of radionuclides in marine bivalves. In general, the accumulation of radionuclides in bivalves is highly species and tissue-specific, which may be due to the different biological half-life of radionuclides in different species and tissues. The trophic pathway is the main pathway for the accumulation of most radionuclides in bivalves, with polonium-210 (210Po) and lead-210 (210Pb) potentially selectively accumulating in the digestive glands, while 134Cs and 137Cs selectively accumulating in the adductor muscle and mantle. Some other radionuclides (radium-226 (226Ra) and strontium-90 (90Sr)) are absorbed along with other minerals (e.g. Calcium) and selectively accumulate in bivalve shells. The information in this study can provide an overview of radionuclide contamination in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kianann Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kit Yue Kwan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China.
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Metian M, Pouil S, Fowler SW. Radiocesium accumulation in aquatic organisms: A global synthesis from an experimentalist's perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 198:147-158. [PMID: 30611082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the fate of radiocesium in aquatic organisms is essential for making accurate assessments of potential impacts of radiocesium contamination on ecosystems and human health. Studies of the accumulation of 134Cs, 136Cs and 137Cs in diverse biota have been the subject of many field investigations; however, it may often be difficult to understand all the mechanisms underlying the observations reported. To complement field investigations, laboratory experiments allow better understanding the observations and predicting dynamics of Cs within aquatic ecosystems by accurately assessing bioaccumulation of Cs in living organisms. The present review summarizes selected relevant laboratory studies carried out on Cs bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms over a period of more than 60 years. To date, 125 experimental studies have been carried out on 227 species of aquatic organisms since 1957. The present review provides a synthesis of the existing literature by highlighting major findings and identifying gaps of key information that need to be further addressed in future works on this topic. Thus, influences of some environmental parameters such as water chemistry both for marine and freshwater ecosystems, and biotic factors such as the life-stages and size of the organisms on radiocesium bioaccumulation should be examined and become priority topics for future research on Cs accumulation in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco.
| | - Simon Pouil
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Scott W Fowler
- Institute Bobby, 8 Allée des Orangers, 06320, Cap d'Ail, France
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Vernon EL, Smith JT, Jha AN. Relative comparison of tissue specific bioaccumulation and radiation dose estimation in marine and freshwater bivalve molluscs following exposure to phosphorus-32. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:312-320. [PMID: 30015316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With respect to environmental protection, understanding radionuclide bioconcentration is necessary to relate exposure to radiation dose and hence to biological responses. Few studies are available on tissue specific accumulation of short-lived radionuclides in aquatic invertebrates. Short-lived radionuclides such as 32Phosphorus (32P), although occurring in small quantities in the environment, are capable of concentrating in the biota, especially if they are chronically exposed. In this study, we firstly compared tissue specific bioaccumulation and release (depuration) of 32P in adult marine (Mytilus galloprovincialis, MG) and freshwater bivalve molluscs (Dreissena polymorpha, DP). Secondly, using the Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants Assessment and Management (ERICA) tool, we calculated tissue specific doses following determination of radionuclide concentration. Marine and freshwater bivalves were exposed for 10 days to varying 32P concentrations to acquire desired whole body average dose rates of 0.10, 1.0 and 10 mGy d-1. Dose rates encompass a screening dose rate value of 10 μGy h-1 (0.24 mGy d-1), in accordance with the ERICA tool. This study is the first to relate tissue specific uptake and release (via excretion) of 32P from two anatomically similar bivalve species. Results showed highly tissue specific accumulation of this radionuclide and similarity of accumulation pattern between the two species. Our data, which highlights preferential 32P accumulation in specific tissues such as digestive gland, demonstrates that in some cases, tissue-specific dose rates may be required to fully evaluate the potential effects of radiation exposure on non-human biota. Differential sensitivity between biological tissues could result in detrimental biological responses at levels presumed to be acceptable when adopting a 'whole-body' approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Vernon
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Jim T Smith
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
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Belivermiş M, Kılıç Ö, Sezer N, Kalaycı G, Metian M. Trophic transfer of 134Cs in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 177:165-168. [PMID: 28686945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of radiocaesium in many marine organisms occurs through complex trophic transfer mechanisms. The present study addresses the trophic transfer of 134Cs in the widely distributed marine bivalve, the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, by experimentally determining the assimilation efficiency (AE) and the specific role of food quality or diet on the AE in this marine invertebrate. Pulse-chase feeding experiments were carried out on this clam using the phytoplankton species Tetraselmis chuii, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis galbana. Depuration kinetics of 134Cs over 21 days were analysed using a two-component exponential model. Observed assimilation efficiencies were consistently less than 10% but slightly varied among individuals fed on the three different phytoplankton species diets (T. chuii: AE = 8.4 ± 0.6%; P. tricornutum: AE = 9.8 ± 0.5%; I. galbana: AE = 5.3 ± 0.6%), although no statistical differences were observed. Comparing results from these experiments with existing data from the literature on the same species exposed to caesium through seawater, it appears that trophic transfer processes are the main accumulation pathway, contributing up to 96% of the global 134Cs bioaccumulation in this bivalve species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narin Sezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Kalaycı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency -Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco
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Metian M, Pouil S, Hédouin L, Oberhänsli F, Teyssié JL, Bustamante P, Warnau M. Differential bioaccumulation of (134)Cs in tropical marine organisms and the relative importance of exposure pathways. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 152:127-35. [PMID: 26701736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of (134)Cs was determined in 5 tropical marine species: three bivalves (the oysters Isognomon isognomum and Malleus regula, and the clam Gafrarium pectinatum), one decapod (shrimp Penaeus stylirostris) and one alga (Lobophora variegata). Marine organisms were exposed to the radionuclides via different pathways: seawater (all of them), food (shrimp and bivalves) and sediment (bivalves). Our results indicate that the studied tropical species accumulate Cs similarly than species from temperate regions whereas retention capacities seems to be greater in the tropical species. Bioaccumulation capacities of the two oysters were similar for all the exposure pathways. The alga, and to a lesser extent the shrimp, concentrated dissolved Cs more efficiently than the bivalves (approx. 14 and 7 times higher, respectively). Assimilation efficiencies of Cs in bivalves and shrimp after a single feeding with radiolabelled food were comprised between 7.0 ± 0.4 and 40.7 ± 4.3%, with a variable retention time (half-life -Tb1/2- ranging from 16 ± 3 to 89 ± 55 d). Although the clam lives buried in the sediment, this exposure pathway resulted in low bioaccumulation efficiency for sediment-bound Cs (mean transfer factor: 0.020 ± 0.001) that was lower than the two oyster species, which are not used to live in this media (0.084 ± 0.003 and 0.080 ± 0.005). Nonetheless, Cs accumulated from sediment was similarly absorbed (61.6 ± 9.7 to 79.2 ± 2.3%) and retained (Tb1/2: 37 ± 2 to 58 ± 25 d) for the three bivalves species. Despite the poor transfer efficiency of Cs from food, the use of a global bioaccumulation model indicated that the trophic pathways was the main uptake route of Cs in the bivalves and shrimp. In shelled organisms, shells played a non-negligible role in Cs uptake, and their composition and structure might play a major role in this process. Indeed, most of the Cs taken up from seawater and sediment was principally located on the hard parts of the bivalves and shrimp, with the exception of G. pectinatum, where Cs was mainly distributed in the soft-parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco.
| | - Simon Pouil
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - François Oberhänsli
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Jean-Louis Teyssié
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Michel Warnau
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, Radioecology Laboratory, 4a, Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco
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Pouil S, Bustamante P, Warnau M, Oberhänsli F, Teyssié JL, Metian M. Delineation of ¹³⁴Cs uptake pathways (seawater and food) in the variegated scallop Mimachlamys varia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 148:74-79. [PMID: 26133649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Among bivalves, scallops have been shown to be good bioindicator species for radionuclide monitoring. The present paper looked at the Cs bioaccumulation capacities of the variegated scallop Mimachlamys varia exposed separately via seawater and food under laboratory conditions. Results were compared with data previously obtained for the king scallop Pecten maximus, the only Pectinid species for which Cs accumulation has been studied in laboratory. Results indicated that M. varia has higher uptake capacity (CF: 1.86 ± 0.08) but lower absorption efficiency (A0l: 33 ± 5%) than P. maximus when exposed to waterborne Cs (CF of P. maximus: 0.94 ± 0.05 and A0l: 45 ± 3%). When scallops were fed radiolabeled phytoplankton, the assimilation efficiency of Cs was similar for the two species (AE: 24 ± 3% for M. varia and 28 ± 4% for P. maximus). Interspecific differences in terms of accumulation and retention, can be explained by physiological factors (including size of individuals) and/or difference in storage mechanisms. Indeed, organotropism differed between the two scallop species, suggesting the occurrence of specific redistribution mechanisms towards the tissues involved in Cs storage, excretion and detoxification. Finally, the present study examined the relative contribution of the different exposure pathways (seawater and food) to global (134)Cs bioaccumulation for M. varia. Results showed that food constitutes the main accumulation pathway, contributing for 77% of the global (134)Cs bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pouil
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Michel Warnau
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - François Oberhänsli
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Jean-Louis Teyssié
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco.
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Sezer N, Belivermiş M, Kılıç Ö, Topcuoğlu S, Çotuk Y. Biokinetics of radiocesium in shrimp (Palaemon adspersus): seawater and food exposures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 132:15-20. [PMID: 24518935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of (134)Cs was studied in the shrimp Palaemon adspersus (Rathke, 1837) using dissolved or food pathways. The uptake and loss kinetics (following seawater and food uptake) were followed for 27 and 38 days, respectively. The steady state concentration factor (CFss) value of (134)Cs in the whole body of the shrimp was found to be 15 ± 0.08. The loss kinetics of radiocesium was described by a two-component exponential model, with a biological half-life of 85.5 days for the whole body. The depuration kinetics of (134)Cs was best fitted to a single-component exponential model for both edible and inedible parts. The depuration kinetics of (134)Cs following exposure via pulse-chase feeding was also described by a two-component exponential model, with a biological half-life of 84.2 days. Assimilation efficiency (AE) was found to be 38.5%. Most of the radioactivity was accumulated in muscular tissues (the edible part) of the shrimp compared to the remaining soft parts. The average of the total body burden of (134)Cs eliminated with molting was %15.3 ± 8.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Sezer
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sayhan Topcuoğlu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Çotuk
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
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