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Herb BR, Glover HJ, Bhaduri A, Colantuoni C, Bale TL, Siletti K, Hodge R, Lein E, Kriegstein AR, Doege CA, Ament SA. Single-cell genomics reveals region-specific developmental trajectories underlying neuronal diversity in the human hypothalamus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6251. [PMID: 37939194 PMCID: PMC10631741 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The development and diversity of neuronal subtypes in the human hypothalamus has been insufficiently characterized. To address this, we integrated transcriptomic data from 241,096 cells (126,840 newly generated) in the prenatal and adult human hypothalamus to reveal a temporal trajectory from proliferative stem cell populations to mature hypothalamic cell types. Iterative clustering of the adult neurons identified 108 robust transcriptionally distinct neuronal subtypes representing 10 hypothalamic nuclei. Pseudotime trajectories provided insights into the genes driving formation of these nuclei. Comparisons to single-cell transcriptomic data from the mouse hypothalamus suggested extensive conservation of neuronal subtypes despite certain differences in species-enriched gene expression. The uniqueness of hypothalamic neuronal lineages was examined developmentally by comparing excitatory lineages present in cortex and inhibitory lineages in ganglionic eminence, revealing both distinct and shared drivers of neuronal maturation across the human forebrain. These results provide a comprehensive transcriptomic view of human hypothalamus development through gestation and adulthood at cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Herb
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kahlert Institute for Addiction Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah J. Glover
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Colantuoni
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracy L. Bale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kimberly Siletti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Hodge
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Arnold R. Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudia A. Doege
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seth A. Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kahlert Institute for Addiction Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Smith AR, Lin PID, Rifas-Shiman SL, Wright RO, Coull B, Hivert MF, Hubbard A, Oken E, Cardenas A. Associations of Prenatal First Trimester Essential and Nonessential Metal Mixtures with Body Size and Adiposity in Childhood. Epidemiology 2023; 34:80-89. [PMID: 36455248 PMCID: PMC9720697 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal nonessential metals may contribute to postnatal adiposity, whereas essential metals may have metabolic benefits. We evaluated joint and individual associations between prenatal metals and childhood adiposity. METHODS We measured concentrations of six nonessential (arsenic, barium, cadmium, cesium, lead, and mercury) and four essential (magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc) metals in first trimester maternal blood from a prebirth cohort. We collected anthropometric measures in early childhood, mid-childhood, and early adolescence including subscapular+tricep skinfold thickness (mm) (N = 715-859), waist circumference (cm) (N = 717-882), and body mass index (BMI) (z-score) (N = 716-875). We measured adiposity in mid-childhood and early adolescence using bone densitometry total- and trunk- fat mass index (kg/m 2 ) (N = 511-599). We estimated associations using adjusted quantile g-computation and linear regression. RESULTS The nonessential metal mixture was associated with higher total (β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.12) and trunk fat mass index (β = 0.12, CI = 0.02, 0.22), waist circumference (β = 0.01, CI = 0.00, 0.01), and BMI (β = 0.24, CI = 0.07, 0.41) in mid-childhood, and total fat mass index (β = 0.07, CI = 0.01, 0.14), and BMI (β = 0.19, CI = 0.02, 0.37) in early adolescence. The essential metal mixture was associated with lower early adolescence total-(β = -0.11, CI = -0.17, -0.04) and trunk- fat mass index (β = -0.13, CI = -0.21, -0.05), subscapular+tricep skinfold thickness (β = -0.02, CI = -0.03, -0.00), waist circumference (β = -0.003, CI = -0.01, -0.00), and BMI (β = -0.16, CI = -0.28, -0.04). Cadmium and cesium were individually associated with childhood adiposity at different timepoints. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal first-trimester essential metals were associated with lower childhood adiposity, whereas nonessential metals were associated with higher adiposity into adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Smith
- From the Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Pi-I D. Lin
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Mourino N, Pérez‐Ríos M, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Buckley JP, Kalkwarf HJ, Cecil KM, Braun JM. Pre- and postnatal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and body composition at 12 years: periods of susceptibility. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1659-1669. [PMID: 35894081 PMCID: PMC9335905 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify periods of heightened susceptibility to the effects of pre- and postnatal secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure on body composition at age 12 years. METHODS The study used data from 217 children from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio. Using multiple informant models, the study estimated associations of maternal serum cotinine (16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy) and child serum cotinine concentrations (at age 12, 24, 36, and 48 months) with measures of body composition obtained with anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at 12 years. We examined whether there were differences between these associations for pre- and postnatal exposure periods and potential effect measure modification by sex. RESULTS Postnatal cotinine concentrations were associated with higher weight, BMI, body fat and lean mass, waist circumference, and visceral, android, and gynoid fat. Each 10-fold increase in postnatal cotinine was associated with 76% increased risk of overweight or obesity (95% CI: 1.13-2.75). Associations between prenatal concentrations and measures of body composition at 12 years were generally null. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal exposure to SHS may increase adolescent adiposity and lean mass. Future studies should determine whether early-life exposures to SHS are associated with other cardiometabolic risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mourino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Mónica Pérez‐Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
- CIBERespMadridSpain
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of EpidemiologyBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
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Harris J, Carins J, Parkinson J, Bodle K. A Socio-Cognitive Review of Healthy Eating Programs in Australian Indigenous Communities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9314. [PMID: 35954672 PMCID: PMC9367833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to understand the challenges to healthy eating for Indigenous Australians using a Social Cognitive Theory lens. Understanding the environmental, cognitive, and behavioural barriers to healthy eating for Indigenous populations in Australia will help identify current gaps and highlight future actions needed in this area to close the gap for Indigenous Australians. STUDY DESIGN Narrative review of interventions of healthy eating programs in Australian Indigenous communities sourced using a systematic search protocol to understand the environmental, cognitive, and behavioural barriers to healthy eating among Indigenous Australians and to identify gaps and future actions needed to address this from 2010-2020. RESULTS The search produced 486 records, after duplicates were removed and the inclusion and exclusion process were utilised, seven interventions were retained in nine studies. The seven interventions had multiple study designs, from randomised control trials to case studies. CONCLUSIONS Further work needs to explore the long-term feasibility of providing fruit and vegetable discounts and the impact of remoteness for the delivery of healthy food. Dietary interventions need to be clearly described, and fidelity and process of the design and implementation process to help with replication of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Harris
- Social Marketing at Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Julia Carins
- Social Marketing at Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Joy Parkinson
- Social Marketing at Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Kerry Bodle
- Department of Accounting and Finance, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4111, Australia;
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Mekonnen T, Brantsæter AL, Andersen LF, Lien N, Arah OA, Gebremariam MK, Papadopoulou E. Mediators of differences by parental education in weight-related outcomes in childhood and adolescence in Norway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5671. [PMID: 35383270 PMCID: PMC8983661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies exploring mediators of socioeconomic inequalities in excess weight gain in early-life and subsequent overweight/obesity (OW/OB) among youth are limited. Thus, this study examined the mediating role of prenatal and early postnatal factors and child energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) in the effects of parental education on (i) excess weight gain from birth to 2 years and (ii) OW/OB at 5, 8 and 14 years. The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study was used to include participants at the ages of 2 (n = 59,597), 5 (n = 27,134), 8 (n = 28,285) and 14 (n = 11,278) years. Causal mediation analyses using the inverse odds weighting approach were conducted. Children of low-educated parents had a higher conditional excess weight gain at 2 years compared to children of high-educated parents (total effect, RRTE = 1.06; 95% CI 1.01, 1.10). The joint mediation effects of the prenatal and early postnatal factors explained most of the total effect of low education on conditional excess weight gain at 2 years. Children of low-educated parents had a higher risk of OW/OB at 5, 8 and 14 years compared to children of high-educated parents. The mediators jointly explained 63.7%, 67% and 88.9% of the total effect of parental education on OW/OB among 5, 8 and 14 year-old-children, respectively. Of the total mediated effects at 5, 8 and 14 years, the prenatal and early postnatal mediators explained 59.2%, 61.7% and 73.7%, whereas the child EBRB explained 10.3%, 15.8.0%% and 34.8%. The mediators included were found to have a considerable mediating effect in the associations explored, in particular the prenatal and early postnatal factors. If truly causal, the findings could indicate potential targets for interventions to tackle socioeconomic inequalities in OW/OB from birth to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teferi Mekonnen
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne-Lise Brantsæter
- Division for Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA
- Research Unit for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mekdes K Gebremariam
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Global Health Cluster, Division of Health Service, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Lausten-Thomsen U, Lund MAV, Stinson SE, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Holm LA, Baker JL, Fonvig CE, Christiansen M, Ängquist L, Hansen T, Holm JC. Neonatal Anthropometrics and Obesity Treatment Response in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr 2022; 242:74-78.e2. [PMID: 34774572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between in utero growth conditions, as indicated by neonatal anthropometric measures, and childhood obesity treatment response, to examine the potential usefulness of neonatal anthropometrics as a potential childhood obesity treatment stratification tool. STUDY DESIGN The study included 2474 children and adolescents with obesity (mean age, 11.2 years; range, 5.0-18.9 years) treated at the Children's Obesity Clinic in Holbæk, Denmark. Treatment response was registered prospectively, and neonatal data were collected from national electronic registers. RESULTS Birth weight, birth length, birth weight for gestational age, and large for gestational age status were positively associated with the degree of obesity at treatment initiation. After a mean (SD) of 1.27 (0.69) years of enrollment in obesity treatment, the children exhibited a mean reduction of -0.32 (0.50) in body mass index SD score. No significant associations between neonatal anthropometric measures and childhood obesity treatment response were detected. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal anthropometric measures were positively associated with the degree of obesity at treatment initiation but not with response to multidisciplinary treatment of childhood obesity. Individualization of obesity treatment based on neonatal anthropometry does not seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morten Asp Vonsild Lund
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Elizabeth Stinson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Frithioff-Bøjsøe
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Aas Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Lyn Baker
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cilius Esmann Fonvig
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish National Biobank and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Choi MJ, Kang H, Choi J. Risk Factors for Obesity in Five-Year-Old Children: Based on Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Data. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030314. [PMID: 35327686 PMCID: PMC8947730 DOI: 10.3390/children9030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the risk factors for obesity in five-year-old children using data from the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We identified 26,047 children who underwent the sixth screening (at age 5) from the 2017 National Health Screening Program for Infant and Children and for whom data from the fourth screening (at age 3) database and the mothers’ health screening and eligibility database were available. To identify the risk factors of obesity, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by a hierarchical multiple logistic regression. Female sex, a birth weight of over 4 kg, the “caution/refer” remark during developmental screening at ages three and five, maternal obesity, and a middle-level income were risk factors for obesity in the subjects. Good appetite, high consumption of milk, heavy intake of sweet food at age three, speedy eating, irregular meals and snack times, large single-meal quantities, heavy intake of oily and salty food, and not performing physical exercise at age five were also considered significant risk factors. For early intervention efforts to prevent childhood obesity, modifiable behavioral factors and other obesity risk factors identified in this study could be used to target high-risk children and dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Choi
- Department of Nursing, Chodang University, Muan-gun 58530, Korea;
| | - Hyunju Kang
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8878
| | - Jimi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
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Handakas E, Keski-Rahkonen P, Chatzi L, Alfano R, Roumeliotaki T, Plusquin M, Maitre L, Richiardi L, Brescianini S, Scalbert A, Robinot N, Nawrot T, Sassi F, Vrijheid M, Vineis P, Robinson O. Cord blood metabolic signatures predictive of childhood overweight and rapid growth. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2252-2260. [PMID: 34253844 PMCID: PMC8455328 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics may identify biological pathways predisposing children to the risk of overweight and obesity. In this study, we have investigated the cord blood metabolic signatures of rapid growth in infancy and overweight in early childhood in four European birth cohorts. METHODS Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic profiles were measured in cord blood from 399 newborns from four European cohorts (ENVIRONAGE, Rhea, INMA and Piccolipiu). Rapid growth in the first year of life and overweight in childhood was defined with reference to WHO growth charts. Metabolome-wide association scans for rapid growth and overweight on over 4500 metabolic features were performed using multiple adjusted logistic mixed-effect models and controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at 5%. In addition, we performed a look-up analysis of 43 pre-annotated metabolites, previously associated with birthweight or rapid growth. RESULTS In the Metabolome-Wide Association Study analysis, we identified three and eight metabolites associated with rapid growth and overweight, respectively, after FDR correction. Higher levels of cholestenone, a cholesterol derivative produced by microbial catabolism, were predictive of rapid growth (p = 1.6 × 10-3). Lower levels of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) valine (p = 8.6 × 10-6) were predictive of overweight in childhood. The area under the receiver operator curve for multivariate prediction models including these metabolites and traditional risk factors was 0.77 for rapid growth and 0.82 for overweight, compared with 0.69 and 0.69, respectively, for models using traditional risk factors alone. Among the 43 pre-annotated metabolites, seven and five metabolites were nominally associated (P < 0.05) with rapid growth and overweight, respectively. The BCAA leucine, remained associated (1.6 × 10-3) with overweight after FDR correction. CONCLUSION The metabolites identified here may assist in the identification of children at risk of developing obesity and improve understanding of mechanisms involved in postnatal growth. Cholestenone and BCAAs are suggestive of a role of the gut microbiome and nutrient signalling respectively in child growth trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Handakas
- Μedical Research Council Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Μedical Research Council Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Léa Maitre
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Sonia Brescianini
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Franco Sassi
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Department of Economics & Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Μedical Research Council Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Μedical Research Council Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Avşar TS, McLeod H, Jackson L. Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:254. [PMID: 33771100 PMCID: PMC7995767 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and the postpartum period has serious health outcomes for the mother and infant. Although some systematic reviews have shown the impact of maternal SDP on particular conditions, a systematic review examining the overall health outcomes has not been published. Hence, this paper aimed to conduct an umbrella review on this issue. METHODS A systematic review of systematic reviews (umbrella review) was conducted according to a protocol submitted to PROSPERO ( CRD42018086350 ). CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CRD Database and HMIC databases were searched to include all studies published in English by 31 December 2017, except those focusing exclusively on low-income countries. Two researchers conducted the study selection and quality assessment independently. RESULTS The review included 64 studies analysing the relationship between maternal SDP and 46 health conditions. The highest increase in risks was found for sudden infant death syndrome, asthma, stillbirth, low birth weight and obesity amongst infants. The impact of SDP was associated with the number of cigarettes consumed. According to the causal link analysis, five mother-related and ten infant-related conditions had a causal link with SDP. In addition, some studies reported protective impacts of SDP on pre-eclampsia, hyperemesis gravidarum and skin defects on infants. The review identified important gaps in the literature regarding the dose-response association, exposure window, postnatal smoking. CONCLUSIONS The review shows that maternal SDP is not only associated with short-term health conditions (e.g. preterm birth, oral clefts) but also some which can have life-long detrimental impacts (e.g. obesity, intellectual impairment). IMPLICATIONS This umbrella review provides a comprehensive analysis of the overall health impacts of SDP. The study findings indicate that while estimating health and cost outcomes of SDP, long-term health impacts should be considered as well as short-term effects since studies not including the long-term outcomes would underestimate the magnitude of the issue. Also, interventions for pregnant women who smoke should consider the impact of reducing smoking due to health benefits on mothers and infants, and not solely cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Saygın Avşar
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Hugh McLeod
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration (NIHR ARC) West at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Louise Jackson
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Baba R, Matsuda S, Arakawa Y, Yamada R, Suzuki N, Ando T, Oki H, Igaki S, Daini M, Hattori Y, Matsumoto S, Ito M, Nakatani A, Kimura H. LSD1 enzyme inhibitor TAK-418 unlocks aberrant epigenetic machinery and improves autism symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorder models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/11/eaba1187. [PMID: 33712455 PMCID: PMC7954450 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent epigenetic dysregulation may underlie the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we show that the inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) enzyme activity normalizes aberrant epigenetic control of gene expression in neurodevelopmental disorders. Maternal exposure to valproate or poly I:C caused sustained dysregulation of gene expression in the brain and ASD-like social and cognitive deficits after birth in rodents. Unexpectedly, a specific inhibitor of LSD1 enzyme activity, 5-((1R,2R)-2-((cyclopropylmethyl)amino)cyclopropyl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)thiophene-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (TAK-418), almost completely normalized the dysregulated gene expression in the brain and ameliorated some ASD-like behaviors in these models. The genes modulated by TAK-418 were almost completely different across the models and their ages. These results suggest that LSD1 enzyme activity may stabilize the aberrant epigenetic machinery in neurodevelopmental disorders, and the inhibition of LSD1 enzyme activity may be the master key to recover gene expression homeostasis. TAK-418 may benefit patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Baba
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Arakawa
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamada
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Computational Biology, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Oki
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeru Igaki
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Daini
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hattori
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shigemitsu Matsumoto
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ito
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakatani
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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Milliken-Smith S, Potter CM. Paternal origins of obesity: Emerging evidence for incorporating epigenetic pathways into the social determinants of health framework. Soc Sci Med 2021; 271:112066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kim JG, Lee BJ, Jeong JK. Temporal Leptin to Determine Cardiovascular and Metabolic Fate throughout the Life. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113256. [PMID: 33114326 PMCID: PMC7690895 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin links peripheral adiposity and the central nervous system (CNS) to regulate cardiometabolic physiology. Within the CNS, leptin receptor-expressing cells are a counterpart to circulating leptin, and leptin receptor-mediated neural networks modulate the output of neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous activity to balance cardiometabolic homeostasis. Therefore, disrupted CNS leptin signaling is directly implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Independently, maternal leptin also plays a central role in the development and growth of the infant during gestation. Accumulating evidence points to the dynamic maternal leptin environment as a predictor of cardiometabolic fate in their offspring as it is directly associated with infant metabolic parameters at birth. In postnatal life, the degree of serum leptin is representative of the level of body adiposity/weight, a driving factor for cardiometabolic alterations, and therefore, the levels of blood leptin through the CNS mechanism, in a large part, are a strong determinant for future cardiometabolic fate. The current review focuses on highlighting and discussing recent updates for temporal dissection of leptin-associated programing of future cardiometabolic fate throughout the entire life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Institute for New Drug Development, Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.K.J.); Tel.: +82-52-259-2351 (B.J.L.); +1-202-994-9815 (J.K.J.)
| | - Jin Kwon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.K.J.); Tel.: +82-52-259-2351 (B.J.L.); +1-202-994-9815 (J.K.J.)
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Ra JS, Yun HJ. Risk Factors in Early Life for Preschool Children in Korea that are Associated with Being Overweight or Obese. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020; 11:15-26. [PMID: 32149038 PMCID: PMC7045879 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study addressed the risk factors in early life for Korean preschool children that are associated with being overweight or obese. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study, which included 507 mothers with preschool children aged 3-5 years, who attended daycare centers. Data were acquired via a self-administered questionnaire completed by the mothers. Of the 650 questionnaires that were distributed, 507 (78%) were completed and sent back. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors in early life, which may contribute to being overweight or obese in preschool children. RESULTS Fifty-eight (11.4%) preschool children were overweight and 41 (8.1%) were obese. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates, revealed a significant association with the introduction of solid foods before 4 months of age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 9.49, p = 0.029] and a nonresponsive feeding style (aOR = 2.80, p = 0.043) with being overweight or obese in preschool children. CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlighted the need for parenting education programs on feeding practices to increase their understanding of hunger and satiety cues in infants, and appropriate timing for the introduction of solid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Ra
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Yun
- Department of Nursing, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea
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Sun D, Zhou T, Li X, Ley SH, Heianza Y, Qi L. Maternal smoking, genetic susceptibility, and birth-to-adulthood body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:1330-1340. [PMID: 31857670 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking (MS) is associated with low birthweight (BW) but adult obesity in offspring, however, it remains unknown whether it modifies offspring's genetic susceptibility to obesity on BW, adult body weight, and birth-to-adulthood body weight tracking pattern. METHODS This study included 246,759 UK Biobank participants with information on MS, BW (kg), adult body weight and BMI (kg/m2). Individual polygenetic score (PGS) was created on the basis of 97 BMI-associated genetic loci. We calculated individual birth-to-adulthood percentile change, and body weight tracking patterns that combined BW levels (<2.5, 2.5-4.0, and ≥4.0 as low, normal and high BW [LBW, NBW, and HBW]) and adulthood obesity status (≥30 as obesity [OB] and <30 as non-obesity [NOB]), including LBW-to-OB, LBW-to-NOB, NBW-to-OB, NBW-to-NOB, HBW-to-OB, and HBW-to-NOB. RESULTS Participants exposed to MS had a 0.108 kg lower BW (95% CI, -0.114 to -0.102), a 1.418 kg higher adult body weight (95% CI, 1.291-1.545), and a 6.91 greater percentile increase of body weight from birth to adulthood (95% CI, 6.62-7.21), compared with those nonexposed (all P < 0.001). In comparison to participants of NBW-to-NOB, MS was associated with an approximately twofold higher risk of LBW-to-OB (odds ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% CI 1.87-2.10), and a reduced likelihood of HBW-to-NOB (0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.88). The increases in BW, adult body weight, and birth-to-adulthood percentile change per increment of 10 BMI-PGS were 0.021 vs. 0.012, 2.50 vs. 2.11, and 4.03 vs. 3.55, respectively, for participants exposed vs. nonexposed to MS (all Pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that exposure to MS is associated with an increased risk of transition from low BW-to-adulthood obesity, and reduced likelihood of change from high BW-to-normal adult body weight. MS may modify the relation of genetic susceptibility to obesity and body weight in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sylvia H Ley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Jacob CM, Newell ML, Hanson M. Narrative review of reviews of preconception interventions to prevent an increased risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases in children. Obes Rev 2019; 20 Suppl 1:5-17. [PMID: 31419048 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for the effect of preconception and periconceptional risk factors on childhood outcomes such as obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life is growing. Issues such as maternal malnutrition need to be addressed before pregnancy, to prevent a transgenerational passage of risk of NCDs. The aim of this review was to evidence for preconception interventions to prevent obesity and other risk factors for NCDs in children. A search for systematic reviews of interventions in the preconception period published between 2006 and 2018 was conducted on academic databases. Fifteen reviews were included, two of the reviews also included pregnant women. None of the reviews directly reported on obesity or NCD outcomes in children. Results suggest that exercise- and diet-based interventions significantly reduced maternal weight postpartum, weight gain during pregnancy, and improved prevention and control of gestational diabetes. Balanced protein energy supplementation during and before pregnancy was associated with an increase in mean birth weight and reduction of low birth weight babies. There is a dearth of evidence for preconception programmes that follow up on childhood outcomes related to a risk of NCDs. Nevertheless, results suggest that women who received preconception interventions were more likely to have improved pregnancy-related and behavioural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandni Maria Jacob
- Academic unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Newell
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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16
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Kagie R, Lin SYN, Hussain MA, Thompson SC. A Pragmatic Review to Assist Planning and Practice in Delivering Nutrition Education to Indigenous Youth. Nutrients 2019; 11:E510. [PMID: 30818853 PMCID: PMC6471092 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many health promotion campaigns have incorporated multi-component nutrition interventions to promote healthy diet-related behaviours among Indigenous communities, particularly children and adolescents. However, these campaigns show mixed results and while research often describes outcomes of approaches and interventions, it does not extensively describe implementation processes and best practices for nutrition education for Indigenous youth. To enhance knowledge and understanding of best processes in nutritional education approaches with Indigenous youth, we conducted a search using multiple databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet and Australian government research databases to identify relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as educational resources, such as websites and handbooks for teachers, parents, and students. We list and describe common features of successful nutritional interventions in Indigenous settings, steps for nutrition education targeting youth, school-based nutrition education for different ages, and general guidelines for teaching Indigenous students. Current best practice and knowledge gaps for the delivery of nutrition education to Indigenous youth are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kagie
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, 167 Fitzgerald St, Geraldton, WA 6530, Australia.
| | - Szu-Yu Nancy Lin
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, 167 Fitzgerald St, Geraldton, WA 6530, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Akhtar Hussain
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, 167 Fitzgerald St, Geraldton, WA 6530, Australia.
| | - Sandra C Thompson
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, 167 Fitzgerald St, Geraldton, WA 6530, Australia.
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Nouhjah S, Shahbazian H, Latifi SM, Malamiri RA, Ghodrati N. Body mass index growth trajectories from birth through 24 months in Iranian infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:408-412. [PMID: 30641734 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Child growth is one of the important health indicators in pediatric care. Few studies focused on the impact of prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on growth trajectories particular in early years of childhood. The aim of this study was identifying growth pattern of GDM exposed offspring's, comparison with new WHO child growth standards. METHODS AND MATERIALS In a population-based Longitudinal study 438 infants exposed to gestational diabetes in utero, aged 0-24 months, born between 2014 and 2016 with at least 9 visits in first 2 years of life were enrolled. Twenty health centers of Ahvaz city (Capital of Khuzestan province, located in south western of Iran) and two referral centers for neonatal hypothyroidism involved the study. RESULTS Of 438 GDM exposed infants, 54.6% were boys. Incidence of low birth weight and macrosomia were 4.6% and 8.7% respectively. RESULTS 4.6% had birth weight less than 2500gr and 8.7% was rate of macrosomia. Boys had higher weight and BMI than girls. Peak of BMI was 17.8 (±2.07) at 6 months after Gender was significant factor in predicted of BMI growth trajectories in GDM exposed children (p = 0.001). BMI in GDM exposed infants, in first 2 years of life was higher than WHO growth standards 2006 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Medians of BMI in GDM exposed infants in all measures was higher than WHO reference data 2006 (P < 0.01). Obesity prevention programs must be priority in GDM exposed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Nouhjah
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hajieh Shahbazian
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Latifi
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Azizi Malamiri
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Ghodrati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this commentary is to start a national conversation about the future of maternal and child health (MCH). In the coming decades, we will have unprecedented opportunities to improve MCH, but will also face unprecedented threats. METHODS This paper examines emerging opportunities and threats to MCH, and discusses strategies for leading the future of MCH. RESULTS Scientific advancements will continue to drive improvements in MCH, but to unleash its full potential for improving population health future MCH research must become more transdisciplinary, translational, and precise. Technological innovations could dramatically transform our work in MCH while big data could enhance predictive analytics and precision health; our challenge will be to assure equitable access. The greatest gains in MCH will continue to come from improving social conditions, which will require advancing MCH in all policies. Climate change, infectious outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance pose increasing threats to MCH, which can be averted by reducing global warming, implementing global early warning systems, and instituting responsible antimicrobial stewardship. The growing burden of chronic diseases in children and adults need to be addressed from an ecological and life course perspective. The water crisis in Flint shined a spotlight on the growing health threats from America's decaying infrastructure. DISCUSSION We can lead the future of MCH by starting a national conversation, improving MCH research, and preparing future MCH workforce, but the future of MCH will depend on our effectiveness in bringing about social and political change in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Lu
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW Suite 219, 20052, Washington, DC, USA.
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Wise NJ, Cantrell MA. Effectiveness of recruitment and retention strategies in a pregnant adolescent nutrition intervention study. J Adv Nurs 2018; 75:215-223. [PMID: 30187537 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report the methodological strategies used to recruit and retain pregnant adolescents into a nutrition-focused intervention study. BACKGROUND An important step to meeting the developmental and healthcare needs of pregnant adolescents is to conduct high-quality research studies that generate reliable and accurate data. However, recruitment and retention of pregnant adolescents into research are challenging and time intensive. DESIGN A quasi-experimental, one-group, pre, post, 6-week postintervention repeated measures study was conducted among inner-city pregnant adolescents. METHOD Study participants' nutrition knowledge, eating habits, and personal self-efficacy were measured prior to pregnant adolescents' participation in the workshop, immediately after the intervention and 6-weeks following the intervention. A total of four workshops were conducted over 14 months from 2014-2015. RESULTS Gatekeepers were influential in recruitment efforts due to trusting relationship they had with study participants. The use of texting reminders and pregnant adolescent-related incentives that included gift bags and baby items were also effective recruitment and retention strategies. Despite designing the recruitment strategies and using a developmentally tailored workshop, based on empirical evidence gleaned from pregnant adolescents that was modified to meet study participant's schedules, an adequate sample was unable to be recruited and retained for this study. CONCLUSION High-quality research studies that generate reliable and accurate data are essential in meeting the developmental and healthcare needs of pregnant adolescents. A major barrier in developing evidence-based care practices to promote the health of these young mothers and their children involves recruiting and retaining them in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Wise
- Eastern Mennonite University, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Ann Cantrell
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick, College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania
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Stevens DR, Malek AM, Laggis C, Hunt KJ. In utero exposure to tobacco smoke, subsequent cardiometabolic risks, and metabolic syndrome among U.S. adolescents. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:619-624.e1. [PMID: 30017226 PMCID: PMC6310134 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, little is known regarding in utero smoke exposure and offspring cardiometabolic risk. Thus, we examined the association between in utero smoke exposure and cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. METHODS Participants included 7464 adolescents aged 12-15 years identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2014). Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses estimated sex-specific means and odds ratios (ORs) for the association between in utero smoke exposure and MetS and cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS MetS prevalence was 9.0% in exposed versus 5.9% in unexposed adolescents. In utero smoke exposure was significantly associated with increased odds of MetS among males in models controlling for adolescent age, maternal age, and race/ethnicity (OR: 2.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 5.20), with attenuation of this effect in subsequent models. In utero smoke exposure was associated with significantly elevated mean body mass index and waist circumference percentiles among female adolescents across most models in regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS In utero smoke exposure appears to be associated with an increased likelihood of high waist circumference and body mass index percentiles, especially among female adolescents. Our study demonstrates the long-term cardiometabolic impact in offspring, highlighting the importance of prepregnancy smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Stevens
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| | - Angela M Malek
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Caroline Laggis
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kelly J Hunt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Fox M, Thayer ZM, Ramos IF, Meskal SJ, Wadhwa PD. Prenatal and Postnatal Mother-to-Child Transmission of Acculturation's Health Effects in Hispanic Americans. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:1054-1063. [PMID: 29608128 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanic Americans consistently exhibit an intergenerational increase in the prevalence of many noncommunicable chronic physical and mental disorders. METHODS We review and synthesize evidence suggesting that a constellation of prenatal and postnatal factors may play crucial roles in explaining this trend. We draw from relevant literature across several disciplines, including epidemiology, anthropology, psychology, medicine (obstetrics, neonatology), and developmental biology. RESULTS Our resulting model is based on evidence that among women, the process of postmigration cultural adjustment (i.e., acculturation) is associated, during pregnancy and after delivery, with psychological and behavioral states that can affect offspring development in ways that may alter susceptibility to noncommunicable chronic disease risk in subsequent-generation Hispanic Americans. We propose one integrated process model that specifies the biological, behavioral, psychological, and sociocultural pathways by which maternal acculturation may influence the child's long-term health. We synthesize evidence from previous studies to describe how acculturation among Hispanic American mothers is associated with alterations to the same biobehavioral systems known to participate in the processes of prenatal and postnatal developmental programming of disease risk. In this manner, we focus on the concepts of biological and cultural mother-to-child transmission across the prenatal and postnatal life phases. We critique and draw from previous hypotheses that have sought to explain this phenomenon (of declining health across generations). We offer recommendations for examining the transgenerational effects of acculturation. CONCLUSION A life course model with a greater focus on maternal health and well-being may be key to understanding transgenerational epidemiological trends in minority populations, and interventions that promote women's wellness may contribute to the elimination or reduction of health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Fox
- 1 Department of Anthropology, UCLA , Los Angeles, California.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Zaneta M Thayer
- 3 Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Isabel F Ramos
- 4 Department of Psychology, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah J Meskal
- 5 Department of Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- 6 Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, UC Irvine , Irvine, California.,7 Department of Pediatrics, UC Irvine , Irvine, California.,8 Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UC Irvine , Irvine, California.,9 Department of Epidemiology, UC Irvine , Irvine, California.,10 Department of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, UC Irvine , Irvine, California
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Kroska EB, O'Hara MW, Elgbeili G, Hart KJ, Laplante DP, Dancause KN, King S. The impact of maternal flood-related stress and social support on offspring weight in early childhood. Arch Womens Ment Health 2018; 21:225-233. [PMID: 29080991 PMCID: PMC7318548 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the moderating role of social support in the association between prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) and childhood body mass index (BMI) in the context of the Iowa floods of 2008. In addition, the mediating role of offspring birthweight was examined in the association between PNMS and childhood BMI. We recruited women from eastern Iowa who were pregnant in 2008 when disastrous floods occurred. Self-report measures of PNMS and cognitive appraisal of the flood's consequences were obtained shortly after the disaster. Social support was assessed during pregnancy. Offspring anthropometric measures were collected at birth and 30 months. Moderated mediation results indicated that greater PNMS predicted greater BMI at age 30 months through effects on higher birthweight as a mediator, but only for participants with low social support. High social support (satisfaction or number) buffered the effect of PNMS or a negative appraisal of the flood on birthweight. The combination of high PNMS or a negative appraisal of the flood's consequences and low social support resulted in higher offspring birthweight, which predicted greater BMI at 30 months. Providing strong social support to pregnant women following a stressor might buffer the effects of PNMS on offspring birthweight and later obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Kroska
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 311 Seashore Hall W., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Michael W O'Hara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 311 Seashore Hall W., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Guillaume Elgbeili
- Douglas Institute Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kimberly J Hart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David P Laplante
- Douglas Institute Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelsey N Dancause
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne King
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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van der Hulst M, de Groot MW, de Graaf JP, Kok R, Prinzie P, Burdorf A, Bertens LCM, Steegers EAP. Targeted social care for highly vulnerable pregnant women: protocol of the Mothers of Rotterdam cohort study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020199. [PMID: 29549208 PMCID: PMC5857660 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social vulnerability is known to be related to ill health. When a pregnant woman is socially vulnerable, the ill health does not only affect herself, but also the health and development of her (unborn) child. To optimise care for highly vulnerable pregnant women, in Rotterdam, a holistic programme was developed in close collaboration between the university hospital, the local government and a non-profit organisation. This programme aims to organise social and medical care from pregnancy until the second birthday of the child, while targeting adult and child issues simultaneously. In 2014, a pilot in the municipality of Rotterdam demonstrated the significance of this holistic approach for highly vulnerable pregnant women. In the 'Mothers of Rotterdam' study, we aim to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of the holistic approach, referred to as targeted social care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Mothers of Rotterdam study is a pragmatic prospective cohort study planning to include 1200 highly vulnerable pregnant women for the comparison between targeted social care and care as usual. Effectiveness will be compared on the following outcomes: (1) child development (does the child show adaptive development at year 1?) and (2) maternal mental health (is maternal distress reduced at the end of the social care programme?). Propensity scores will be used to correct for baseline differences between both social care programmes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The prospective cohort study was approved by the Erasmus Medical Centre Ethics Committee (ref. no. MEC-2016-012) and the first results of the study are expected to be available in the second half of 2019 through publication in peer-reviewed international journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR6271; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije van der Hulst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein W de Groot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna P de Graaf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Kok
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes C M Bertens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Spiegel E, Shoham-Vardi I, Sergienko R, Landau D, Sheiner E. The association between birth weight at term and long-term endocrine morbidity of the offspring. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2657-2661. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1443440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Spiegel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - I. Shoham-Vardi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - R. Sergienko
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - D. Landau
- Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - E. Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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25
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Farewell CV, Thayer ZM, Tracer DP, Morton S. Prenatal stress exposure and early childhood BMI: Exploring associations in a New Zealand context. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23116. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte V. Farewell
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences; University of Colorado Denver; Denver Colorado 80204
| | - Zaneta M. Thayer
- Department of Anthropology; Dartmouth College; Hanover New Hampshire 03755
| | - David P. Tracer
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences; University of Colorado Denver; Denver Colorado 80204
| | - Susan Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara Ki Mua, University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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26
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Exploring the timing and duration of maternal stress exposure: Impacts on early childhood BMI. Early Hum Dev 2018; 117:15-19. [PMID: 29227901 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Mayorga ME, Reifsnider OS, Yi Z, Hunt KJ. Trends in BMI and obesity in U.S. women of childbearing age during the period of 1980–2010. Health Syst (Basingstoke) 2017. [DOI: 10.1057/hs.2014.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Mayorga
- Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC U.S.A
| | | | - Zinan Yi
- Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC U.S.A
| | - Kelly J Hunt
- Department of MedicineMedical University of South Carolina Charleston SC U.S.A
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28
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Wiss DA, Criscitelli K, Gold M, Avena N. Preclinical evidence for the addiction potential of highly palatable foods: Current developments related to maternal influence. Appetite 2017; 115:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this paper is to review the role that hedonic factors, emotions and self-regulation systems have over eating behaviours from animal models to humans. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence has been found to suggest that for some high-risk individuals, obesity/binge eating may develop as an impulsive reaction to negative emotions that over time becomes a compulsive habit. Animal models highlight the neural mechanisms that might underlie this process and suggest similarities with substance use disorders. Emotional difficulties and neurobiological factors have a role in the aetiology of eating and weight disorders. Precise treatments targeted at these mechanisms may be of help for people who have difficulties with compulsive overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Turton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.
| | - Rayane Chami
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
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30
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[What are the determinants of childhood obesity? : A literature review as part of the project "Nationwide Monitoring of Childhood Obesity Determinants"]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:1465-1475. [PMID: 27695939 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can impair health even in childhood and unfold negative health consequences through an individual's lifespan. In Germany, to date, a systematic and periodically updated synopsis of the multifaceted determinants of childhood obesity is lacking. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic literature review on childhood obesity determinants, which was conducted over the course of the implementation of nationwide monitoring. METHODS The review was carried out in three steps. Initially, a search for etiological models of childhood obesity was conducted. Based on these results, a systematic review of reviews on childhood obesity determinants was carried out. Finally, the results were verified by taking international guidelines on childhood obesity into account. RESULTS In total, 21 etiological models, 75 reviews and 7 guidelines were identified. Over 60 determinants were extracted from these publications and were summarized into the following categories: nutritional behavior, physical activity behavior, sleeping pattern, biological determinants and diseases, prenatal and early childhood determinants, psycho-social determinants, food environment, moveability/walkability, setting and social environment, health promotion and prevention, socioeconomic, demographic, and sociocultural determinants. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates the complex patterns of childhood obesity determinants in correspondence with a socio-ecological approach. The review will form the basis for the monitoring-system "Nationwide Monitoring of Childhood Obesity Determinants", which will be implemented at the Robert Koch Institute by the end of 2017.
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31
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Wise NJ, Cantrell MA, Hadley F, Joyce K. Development of an Interactive Pregnant Adolescent Nutrition Education Workshop. J Perinat Educ 2017; 26:154-164. [PMID: 30723379 DOI: 10.1891/1058-1243.26.3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The health of pregnant adolescents affects the well-being of future generations. Modifying unhealthy eating patterns among pregnant adolescents is critical because of their association with risk of poor pregnancy and birth outcomes. Therefore, it is important to provide age- and developmentally appropriate nutrition education during this time. To sustain healthy behavior changes, nutrition interventions must be grounded in theory and reflect both motivating factors and barriers to healthy eating. Factors such as taste preferences, personal self-efficacy, developmentally appropriate nutrition education, and hands-on meal preparation have been identified as influences on dietary patterns in this population. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of an evidence-based nutrition education program for pregnant adolescents based on Pender's health promotion model.
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Wise NJ. Pregnant Adolescents, Beliefs About Healthy Eating, Factors that Influence Food Choices, and Nutrition Education Preferences. J Midwifery Womens Health 2016; 60:410-8. [PMID: 26255801 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthy eating among pregnant adolescents is essential for the well-being of developing adolescent females and their fetuses, as well as for the prevention of adult chronic illness. Understanding factors that influence and prohibit healthy eating, along with preferences for nutrition education in the pregnant adolescent population, is critical when designing and implementing appropriate nutrition education programs. The purpose of this study was to collect individual viewpoints of pregnant adolescents to facilitate the development of a nutrition intervention. METHODS This qualitative study using focus group methodology was conducted among pregnant adolescents. Participants (N = 14) were recruited through and teen parenting programs in the Mid-Atlantic region. Focus groups were guided by 6 open-ended questions that were developed based on implications from a previous study that surveyed eating habits of pregnant adolescents. Data were analyzed and coded using verbatim transcripts. Transcripts were read carefully for overall content and identification of major categories and then compared for similar and contrasting data. RESULTS Four recurring themes emerged that described beliefs about healthy eating, influences on food choices, and nutrition education preferences: 1) pregnant adolescents demonstrate overall knowledge of healthy foods but are unwilling to give up unhealthy foods; 2) parents, offspring, and pregnancy influence healthy eating habits; 3) pregnant adolescents choose foods based on appearance and taste, cravings, convenience, and cost; and 4) pregnancy alters eating habits. Nutrition education in this population should be peer- and adolescent-focused and incorporate preferred methods of learning and favored incentives. DISCUSSION Pregnant adolescents are more likely to attend educational programs that are population-specific and peer-focused, and include incentives that make cooking easier, more convenient, and affordable. Program content should be available to potential participants ahead of time. Preferred methods of learning include video format, peer discussion, and hands-on cooking with active participation in food preparation. Foods that are prepared should be visually appealing and adolescent-friendly.
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Serlachius A, Elovainio M, Juonala M, Shea S, Sabin M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Pulkki-Råback L. High perceived social support protects against the intergenerational transmission of obesity: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Prev Med 2016; 90:79-85. [PMID: 27394090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aims were to assess whether offspring social support moderates the relationship between parental body mass index (BMI) and offspring BMI. METHODS A prospective design was used with an analytic sample of 1049 participants from Finland (the offspring) who were 35-50years old in 2012 when adulthood BMI was measured. Parental BMI was self-reported at baseline in 1980. Offspring social support was measured in 2007 when participants were 30-45years old. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine whether there was an interaction between parental BMI and offspring social support when predicting offspring BMI in adulthood. An analysis of simple slopes and multilevel growth curve modeling were used to further examine the interaction. RESULTS The interaction between maternal BMI and offspring social support was significantly and negatively related to offspring BMI in adulthood (β=-0.068, R(2) change=0.005, p=0.015) in the fully adjusted model which also adjusted for parental occupational status and offspring depressive symptoms. The logistic regression supported these results, with the interaction between maternal overweight (BMI≥25kg/m(2)) and offspring social support negatively associated with offspring overweight in adulthood (odds ratio=0.74, 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.98). The growth curve analysis further demonstrated that high maternal BMI predicts more rapidly rising offspring BMI in those reporting low social support compared to high social support. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that social support protects against the intergenerational transmission of obesity and therefore presents an important opportunity for obesity prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Serlachius
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, Finland; The Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; The Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Steven Shea
- The Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Sabin
- The Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- The Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- The Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, Finland; The Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
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[Nutrition in overweight and obesity with a specific focus on gender aspects]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2016; 166:95-101. [PMID: 26832129 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-016-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to optimize the diet in terms of prevention and treatment of obesity aim at long-term adaptation and reduction of energy intake according to age and physiological requirements while preserving the nutrient density with consideration of individual food preferences.As the nutritional habits of the average Austrian people are unfavorable for obesity prevention there is a clear need for action. Women are "disadvantaged" in weight control compared to men in terms of physiological conditions-and are confronted with specific needs during life course (e.g. pregnancy), whereas the average man or male adolescents present "unhealthier" behaviors and attitudes and are (still) less interested on nutrition or weight control.To achieve better nutrition a target-group specific, gender-sensitive guidance of the individual is needed, starting with pregnant women, but also habitat-oriented interventions for improved nutrition offers, which have to be sustainably assured through the support of a relevant legal and social framework.
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35
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Campbell MK. Biological, environmental, and social influences on childhood obesity. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:205-11. [PMID: 26484623 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased globally over the past three decades, with evidence of recent leveling off in developed countries. Reduction in the, currently high, prevalence of obesity will require a full understanding of the biological and social pathways to obesity in order to develop appropriately targeted prevention strategies in early life. Determinants of childhood obesity include individual level factors, including biological, social, and behavioral risks, acting within the influence of the child's family environment, which is, in turn, imbedded in the context of the community environment. These influences act across childhood, with suggestions of early critical periods of biological and behavioral plasticity. There is evidence of sex and gender differences in the responses of boys and girls to their environments. The evidence that determinants of childhood obesity act at many levels and at different stages of childhood is of policy relevance to those planning early health promotion and primary prevention programs as it suggests the need to address the individual, the family, the physical environment, the social environment, and social policy. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize current, and emerging, literature in a multilevel, life course framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karen Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Agay-Shay K, Martinez D, Valvi D, Garcia-Esteban R, Basagaña X, Robinson O, Casas M, Sunyer J, Vrijheid M. Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals during Pregnancy and Weight at 7 Years of Age: A Multi-pollutant Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:1030-7. [PMID: 25956007 PMCID: PMC4590760 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may induce weight gain and obesity in children, but the obesogenic effects of mixtures have not been studied. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the associations between pre- and perinatal biomarker concentrations of 27 EDCs and child weight status at 7 years of age. METHODS In pregnant women enrolled in a Spanish birth cohort study between 2004 and 2006, we measured the concentrations of 10 phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, cadmium, arsenic, and lead in two maternal pregnancy urine samples; 6 organochlorine compounds in maternal pregnancy serum; mercury in cord blood; and 6 polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in colostrum. Among 470 children at 7 years, body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated, and overweight was defined as BMI > 85th percentile. We estimated associations with EDCs in single-pollutant models and applied principal-component analysis (PCA) on the 27 pollutant concentrations. RESULTS In single-pollutant models, HCB (hexachlorobenzene), βHCH (β-hexachlorocyclohexane), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners 138 and 180 were associated with increased child BMI z-scores; and HCB, βHCH, PCB-138, and DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) with overweight risk. PCA generated four factors that accounted for 43.4% of the total variance. The organochlorine factor was positively associated with BMI z-scores and with overweight (adjusted RR, tertile 3 vs. 1: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.19, 5.63), and these associations were robust to adjustment for other EDCs. Exposure in the second tertile of the phthalate factor was inversely associated with overweight. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to organochlorines was positively associated with overweight at age 7 years in our study population. Other EDCs exposures did not confound this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Agay-Shay
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Strandvik B. Perinatal programming by diets with essential fatty acid deficient/high saturated fatty acids or different n‐6/n‐3 ratios for diseases in adulthood. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Kawwass JF, Summer R, Kallen CB. Direct effects of leptin and adiponectin on peripheral reproductive tissues: a critical review. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:617-632. [PMID: 25964237 PMCID: PMC4518135 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for infertility and adverse reproductive outcomes. Adipose tissue is an important endocrine gland that secretes a host of endocrine factors, called adipokines, which modulate diverse physiologic processes including appetite, metabolism, cardiovascular function, immunity and reproduction. Altered adipokine expression in obese individuals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a host of health disorders including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It remains unclear whether adipokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of adverse reproductive outcomes in obese individuals and, if so, whether the adipokines are acting directly or indirectly on the peripheral reproductive tissues. Many groups have demonstrated that receptors for the adipokines leptin and adiponectin are expressed in peripheral reproductive tissues and that these adipokines are likely, therefore, to exert direct effects on these tissues. Many groups have tested for direct effects of leptin and adiponectin on reproductive tissues including the testis, ovary, uterus, placenta and egg/embryo. The hypothesis that decreased fertility potential or adverse reproductive outcomes may result, at least in part, from defects in adipokine signaling within reproductive tissues has also been tested. Here, we present a critical analysis of published studies with respect to two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, for which significant data have been generated. Our evaluation reveals significant inconsistencies and methodological limitations regarding the direct effects of these adipokines on peripheral reproductive tissues. We also observe a pervasive failure to account for in vivo data that challenge observations made in vitro. Overall, while leptin and adiponectin may directly modulate peripheral reproductive tissues, existing data suggest that these effects are minor and non-essential to human or mouse reproductive function. Current evidence suggests that direct effects of leptin or adiponectin on peripheral reproductive tissues are unlikely to factor significantly in the adverse reproductive outcomes observed in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Kawwass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, WMB 4217, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Caleb B Kallen
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite C-152, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Trappmann JL, Jimenez EY, Keane PC, Cohen DA, Davis SM. Cross-Sectional Relationships Between Household Food Insecurity and Child BMI, Feeding Behaviors, and Public Assistance Utilization Among Head Start Children From Predominantly Hispanic and American Indian Communities in the CHILE Study. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2015; 10:439-455. [PMID: 27547288 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2014.962770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Associations between food insecurity and overweight/obesity, feeding behaviors, and public food assistance utilization have been explored to a greater extent among adults and adolescents than among young children. This cross-sectional study examines a subset of pre-intervention implementation data (n = 347) among families participating in the Child Health Initiative for Lifelong Eating and Exercise (CHILE) study conducted in rural New Mexico among predominantly Hispanic and American Indian Head Start centers. No significant relationships emerged between food insecurity and child overweight/obesity, certain feeding behaviors, or public food assistance utilization. Additional research is necessary to understand relationships between food insecurity and child overweight/obesity status, use of public assistance benefits, and certain feeding behaviors among rural preschool-aged children in predominantly Hispanic and American Indian communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Trappmann
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, Nutrition/Dietetics Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, Nutrition/Dietetics Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Patricia C Keane
- Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Deborah A Cohen
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, Nutrition/Dietetics Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sally M Davis
- Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Pryor LE, Brendgen M, Tremblay RE, Pingault JB, Liu X, Dubois L, Touchette E, Falissard B, Boivin M, Côté SM. Early Risk Factors of Overweight Developmental Trajectories during Middle Childhood. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131231. [PMID: 26121682 PMCID: PMC4487897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is needed to identify early life risk factors associated with different developmental paths leading to overweight by adolescence. OBJECTIVES To model heterogeneity in overweight development during middle childhood and identify factors associated with differing overweight trajectories. METHODS Data was drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD; 1998-2010). Trained research assistants measured height and weight according to a standardized protocol and conducted yearly home interviews with the child's caregiver (mother in 98% of cases). Information on several putative early life risk factors for the development of overweight were obtained, including factors related to the child's perinatal, early behavioral family and social environment. Group-based trajectories of the probability of overweight (6-12 years) were identified with a semiparametric method (n=1678). Logistic regression analyses were used to identify early risk factors (5 months- 5 years) associated with each trajectory. RESULTS Three trajectories of overweight were identified: "early-onset overweight" (11.0 %), "late-onset overweight" (16.6%) and "never overweight" (72.5%). Multinomial analyses indicated that children in the early and late-onset group, compared to the never overweight group, had 3 common types of risk factors: parental overweight, preschool overweight history, and large size for gestational age. Maternal overprotection (OR= 1.12, CI: 1.01-1.25), short nighttime sleep duration (OR=1.66, CI: 1.07-2.57), and immigrant status (OR=2.01, CI: 1.05-3.84) were factors specific to the early-onset group. Finally, family food insufficiency (OR=1.81, CI: 1.00-3.28) was weakly associated with membership in the late-onset trajectory group. CONCLUSIONS The development of overweight in childhood follows two different trajectories, which have common and distinct risk factors that could be the target of early preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Pryor
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, and French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, and French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Xuecheng Liu
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Lise Dubois
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Evelyne Touchette
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation, University of Quebec in Trois Rivières, Trois Rivières, Quebec
| | - Bruno Falissard
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U669, Paris, France
| | - Michel Boivin
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, and French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
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Beal SJ, Hillman J, Dorn LD, Out D, Pabst S. Associations between the prenatal environment and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescent girls: Internalizing and externalizing behavior symptoms as mediators. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2015; 44:17-39. [PMID: 25750471 PMCID: PMC4350244 DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2013.876537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examines links among adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms, the prenatal environment (e.g., nicotine exposure) and pre/perinatal maternal health, and cardiovascular risk factors. Girls (N=262) ages 11-17 reported internalizing and externalizing behaviors and mothers reported about the prenatal environment and maternal health during and 3 months post-pregnancy. Adolescent cardiovascular risk included adiposity, smoking, blood pressure, and salivary C-reactive protein. Internalizing symptoms mediated relations between prenatal exposures/maternal health and adiposity; externalizing symptoms mediated relations between prenatal exposures and adolescent smoking. Healthcare providers who attend to internalizing and externalizing symptoms in girls may ultimately influence cardiovascular health, especially among those with pre/perinatal risk factors.
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Carling SJ, Demment MM, Kjolhede CL, Olson CM. Breastfeeding duration and weight gain trajectory in infancy. Pediatrics 2015; 135:111-9. [PMID: 25554813 PMCID: PMC4279065 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Short breastfeeding duration may exacerbate accelerated early growth, which is linked to higher obesity risk in later life. This study tested the hypothesis that infants at higher risk for obesity were more likely to be members of a rising weight-for-length (WFL) z score trajectory if breastfed for shorter durations. METHODS This prospective, observational study recruited women from an obstetric patient population in rural central New York. Medical records of children born to women in the cohort were audited for weight and length measurements (n = 595). We identified weight gain trajectories for infants' WFL z scores from 0 to 24 months by using maximum likelihood latent class models. Individual risk factors associated with weight gain trajectories (P ≤ .05) were included in an obesity risk index. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether the association between breastfeeding duration (<2 months, 2-4 months, >4 months) and weight gain trajectory varied across obesity risk groups. RESULTS Rising and stable weight gain trajectories emerged. The obesity risk index included maternal BMI, education, and smoking during pregnancy. High-risk infants breastfed for <2 months were more likely to belong to a rising rather than stable weight gain trajectory (odds ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-5.72; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Infants at the highest risk for rising weight patterns appear to benefit the most from longer breastfeeding duration. Targeting mothers of high-risk infants for breastfeeding promotion and support may be protective against overweight and obesity during a critical window of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy J Carling
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
| | - Margaret M Demment
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
| | - Chris L Kjolhede
- Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital and Research Institute, Cooperstown, New York
| | - Christine M Olson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
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Muhlhausler BS, Vithayathil MA. Impact of maternal obesity on offspring adipose tissue: lessons for the clinic. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2014; 9:615-627. [PMID: 30736199 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2014.956088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a major risk factor for the subsequent development of obesity and Type 2 diabetes in the child. This relationship appears to be driven largely by the exposure of the fetus to an increased nutrient supply during critical periods of development, which results in persistent changes in the structure and function of key systems involved in the regulation of energy balance, appetite and fat deposition. One of the key targets is the fat cell, or adipocyte, in which prenatal overnutrition programs a heightened capacity for fat storage. The increasing prevalence of maternal obesity has led to an urgent need for strategies to break the resulting intergenerational cycle of obesity and metabolic disease. This review will discuss the relationship between maternal obesity and poor metabolic health of the offspring, with a particular focus on the involvement of adipose tissue, recent clinical studies examining potential strategies for intervention and priority areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly S Muhlhausler
- a FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5064, Australia
- b Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Mini A Vithayathil
- a FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5064, Australia
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44
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Besharat Pour M, Bergström A, Bottai M, Magnusson J, Kull I, Wickman M, Moradi T. Body mass index development from birth to early adolescence; effect of perinatal characteristics and maternal migration background in a Swedish cohort. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109519. [PMID: 25303283 PMCID: PMC4193784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Well documented diversity in risk of developing overweight and obesity between children of immigrant and of native mothers, might be explained by different body mass index (BMI) development trajectories in relation to maternal and perinatal characteristics of offspring. Objectives To assess BMI development trajectories among children born to immigrant and to Swedish mothers from birth to adolescence in relation to perinatal characteristics. Methods A cohort of 2517 children born in Stockholm during 1994 to 1996 was followed with repeated measurement of height and weight at eleven time points until age 12 years. We estimated changes over time for BMI in relation to maternal and perinatal characteristics of offspring using mixed linear model analysis for repeated measure data. Results We observed a significant BMI change over time in children and time interaction with maternal migration status (P<0.0001). Estimated BMI over time adjusted for maternal and perinatal characteristics of offspring, showed slower BMI growth before age of 5, followed by an earlier plateau and steeper BMI growth after 5 years among children of immigrant mothers compared with children of Swedish mothers. These differences in BMI growth were more prominent among children with mothers from outside Europe. Conclusion Beside reinforcing early childhood as a crucial period in development of overweight, the observed slower BMI development at early childhood among children of immigrants followed by a steeper increase in BMI compared with children of Swedish mothers is important for further studies and for planning of preventive public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Besharat Pour
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Magnusson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tahereh Moradi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Burgio E, Lopomo A, Migliore L. Obesity and diabetes: from genetics to epigenetics. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:799-818. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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de Vries PS, Gielen M, Rizopoulos D, Rump P, Godschalk R, Hornstra G, Zeegers MP. Association between polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in maternal plasma phospholipids during pregnancy and offspring adiposity at age 7: the MEFAB cohort. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:81-5. [PMID: 24813643 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations may be involved in the prenatal programming of adiposity. In this study we therefore explored the association between maternal PUFA concentrations, measured up to four times during pregnancy, and offspring adiposity at age 7 in 234 mother-child pairs of the Maastricht Essential Fatty Acid Birth cohort. Only dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, an n-6 fatty acid) concentration was associated with adiposity: per standard deviation increase in relative DGLA concentration, BMI increased by 0.44kg/m(2) (CI95: 0.16, 0.72), sum of skinfolds increased by 3.41mm (CI95: 1.88, 4.95), waist circumference increased by 1.09cm (CI95: 0.40, 1.78), and plasma leptin concentration increased by 0.66µg/l (CI95: 0.20, 1.11). In conclusion, maternal DGLA throughout gestation was associated with increased BMI and some additional measures of adiposity at age 7. This suggests that maternal DGLA might play a role in or reflect the prenatal programming of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S de Vries
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, the Netherlands; NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Marij Gielen
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Patrick Rump
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roger Godschalk
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hornstra
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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The Preconception Stress and Resiliency Pathways Model: A Multi-Level Framework on Maternal, Paternal, and Child Health Disparities Derived by Community-Based Participatory Research. Matern Child Health J 2014; 19:707-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-014-1581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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Romano ME, Savitz DA, Braun JM. Challenges and future directions to evaluating the association between prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and childhood obesity. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2014; 1:57-66. [PMID: 25328860 PMCID: PMC4199333 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-014-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing public health threat worldwide. However, there has been insufficient research addressing the obesogenic potential of prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, largely due to complexities in the design, analysis, and interpretation of such studies. This review describes relevant biological mechanisms, addresses current challenges for investigators, presents potential strategies for overcoming them, and identifies areas where further development is required to improve future research. Special considerations for exposure assessment, outcome heterogeneity, and complex confounding structures are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - David A. Savitz
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fetal macrosomia in uncomplicated pregnancies: a prospective cohort study. Midwifery 2014; 30:1202-9. [PMID: 24861673 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to explore maternal energy balance, incorporating free living physical activity and sedentary behaviour, in uncomplicated pregnancies at risk of macrosomia. METHODS a parallel-group cross-sectional analysis was conducted in healthy pregnant women predicted to deliver infants weighing ≥ 4000 g (study group) or < 4000 g (control group). Women were recruited in a 1:1 ratio from antenatal clinics in Northern Ireland. Women wore a SenseWear(®) Body Media Pro3 physical activity armband and completed a food diary for four consecutive days in the third trimester. Physical activity was measured in Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks (METs) where 1 MET = 1 kcal per kilogram of body weight per hour. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed using the General Linear Model to adjust for potential confounders. FINDINGS of the 112 women recruited, 100 complete datasets were available for analysis. There was no significant difference in energy balance between the two groups. Intensity of free living physical activity (average METs) of women predicted to deliver macrosomic infants (n = 50) was significantly lower than that of women in the control group (n = 50) (1.3 (0.2) METs (mean, standard deviation) versus 1.2 (0.2) METs; difference in means -0.1 METs (95% confidence interval: -0.19, -0.01); p = 0.021). Women predicted to deliver macrosomic infants also spent significantly more time in sedentary behaviour (≤ 1 MET) than the control group (16.1 (2.8) hours versus 13.8 (4.3) hours; 2.0 hours (0.3, 3.7), p = 0.020). KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE although there was no association between predicted fetal macrosomia and energy balance, those women predicted to deliver a macrosomic infant exhibited increased sedentary behaviour and reduced physical activity in the third trimester of pregnancy. Professionals caring for women during pregnancy have an important role in promoting and supporting more active lifestyles amongst women who are predicted to deliver a macrosomic infant given the known associated risks.
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Lausten-Thomsen U, Nielsen TRH, Thagaard IN, Larsen T, Holm JC. Neonatal anthropometrics and body composition in obese children investigated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173:623-7. [PMID: 24318487 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epidemiological and animal studies have suggested an effect of the intrauterine milieu upon the development of childhood obesity. This study investigates the relationship between body composition measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry expressed as body fat percent, body fat mass index (BFMI), and fat free mass index (FFMI) in obese children and the preceding in utero conditions expressed by birth weight, birth length, and birth weight for gestational age. The study cohort consisted of 776 obese Danish children (median age 11.6 years, range 3.6-17.9) with a mean Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI SDS) of 2.86 (range 1.64-5.48) treated in our national referral centre. In a linear general regression model adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and duration of breastfeeding, we found the body fat percent, FFMI, and BFMI at the time of enrolment in childhood obesity treatment to be significantly correlated with both birth weight and birth weight for gestational age. CONCLUSION These results indicate a prenatal influence upon childhood obesity. Although there are currently no sufficient data to suggest any recommendations to pregnant women, it is possible that the prenatal period may be considered as a potential window of opportunity for prevention of childhood overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Smedelundsgade 60, 4300, Holbaek, Denmark,
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