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Analysis of MC1R, MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and MLPH Genes Polymorphism in Four Rabbit Breeds with Different Coat Colors. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010081. [PMID: 33466315 PMCID: PMC7824738 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Coat color is an important breed characteristic and economic trait for rabbits, and it is regulated by a few genes. In this study, the gene frequencies of some pigmentation genes were investigated in four Chinese native rabbit breeds with different coat colors. A total of 14 genetic variants were detected in the gene fragments of MC1R, MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and MLPH genes, and there was low-to-moderate polymorphism in the populations. The gene frequency showed significant differences among the four rabbit populations. The above results suggest that these genetic variations play an important role in regulating the coat color of rabbits. This study will provide potential molecular markers for the breeding of coat color traits in rabbits. Abstract Pigmentation genes such as MC1R, MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and MLPH play a major role in rabbit coat color. To understand the genotypic profile underlying coat color in indigenous Chinese rabbit breeds, portions of the above-mentioned genes were amplified and variations in them were analyzed by DNA sequencing. Based on the analysis of 24 Tianfu black rabbits, 24 Sichuan white rabbits, 24 Sichuan gray rabbits, and 24 Fujian yellow rabbits, two indels in MC1R, three SNPs in MITF, five SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in TYR, one SNP in TYRP1, and three SNPs in MLPH were discovered. These variations have low-to-moderate polymorphism, and there are significant differences in their distribution among the different breeds (p < 0.05). These results provide more information regarding the genetic background of these native rabbit breeds and reveal their high-quality genetic resources.
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Wang J, Qu J, Li Y, Feng Y, Ma J, Zhang L, Chu C, Hu H, Wang Y, Ji D. miR-149-5p Regulates Goat Hair Follicle Stem Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Targeting the CMTM3/AR Axis During Superior-Quality Brush Hair Formation. Front Genet 2020; 11:529757. [PMID: 33262781 PMCID: PMC7686784 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.529757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta white goat is a unique goat species that can produce superior quality brush hair. CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 3 (CMTM3), which influences the transcriptional activity of androgen receptor (AR), was identified as a candidate gene related to superior-quality brush hair formation. CMTM3 is generally expressed at low levels, but miR-149-5p is highly expressed in the skin tissues of these goats. The mechanism by which CMTM3 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of goat hair follicle stem cells has not been elucidated. Here, RT-qPCR, western blotting, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), cell cycle, apoptosis, and dual-luciferase assays were used to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of CMTM3 and miR-149-5p. Functional studies showed that CMTM3 overexpression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in cultured hair follicle stem cells, whereas silencing CMTM3 markedly facilitated cell proliferation and deterred apoptosis in cultured hair follicle stem cells. Then, using bioinformatic predictions and the aforementioned assays, including dual-luciferase assays, RT-qPCR, and western blotting, we confirmed that miR-149-5p targets CMTM3 and preliminarily investigated the interaction between CMTM3 and AR in goat hair follicle stem cells. Furthermore, miR-149-5p overexpression significantly accelerated the proliferation and attenuated the apoptosis of hair follicle stem cells. Conversely, miR-149-5p inhibition suppressed the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of hair follicle stem cells. These results reveal a miR-149-5p-related regulatory framework for the miR-149-5p/CMTM3/AR axis during superior quality brush hair formation, in which CMTM3 plays a negative role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunkui Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liuming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changjiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huiru Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanhu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dejun Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Wu M, Chen X, Cui K, Li H, Jiang Y. Pigmentation formation and expression analysis of tyrosinase in Siniperca chuatsi. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1279-1293. [PMID: 32185567 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal pigmentation primarily depends on the presence and mixing ratio of chromatophores, functioning in animal survival and communication. For the benthic and carnivorous Siniperca chuatsi, pigmentation pattern is key to concealment and predation. In this study, the formation, distribution, and main pattern of chromatophores were observed in the embryos, larvae, skins, and visceral tissues from S. chuatsi. Melanophores were firstly visualized in the yolk sac at segmentation stage, and then they were migrated to the whole body and further clustered into the black stripes, bands, and patches. In adult S. chuatsi, the head, black band, and body side skins mainly contained melanophores, showing as deep or light black. The abdomen skin mainly contained iridophores, showing as silvery. In the eye, the pigment layers were located in the epithelial layers of iris and retina and shown as black. Then, the pigmentation-related gene, tyrosinase gene from S. chuatsi (Sc-tyr) was analyzed by bioinformatics and quantitative methods. The Sc-tyr gene encoded a protein with 540 amino acids (Sc-TYR). The Sc-TYR contained two copper ion binding sites, which were coordinated by six conserved histidines (H182, H205, H214, H366, H370, H393) and necessary for catalytic activity. The Sc-TYR was well conserved compared with TYR of various species with higher degree of sequence similarity with other fishes (77.6-98.3%). The qRT-PCR test showed that the Sc-tyr mRNA reached the peak value at segmentation stage in the embryo development, the black skins displayed a higher expression level than that in silvery skin, and the eye had the highest expression level compared with other tissues. Further research on enzyme activity showed that the expression patterns of tyrosinase activity were similar to that of the Sc-tyr mRNA. Comparing with the results of molecular and phenotype, it was found that the temporal and spatial distributions of tyrosinase corresponded well with changes in pigmentation patterns and the intensity of skin melanization. This study initially explored the pigmentation formation and tyrosinase expression, which served as a foundation for further insight into the genetics mechanism of body color formation in S. chuatsi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Wu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
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Li J, Liu L, Zhang J, Cheng L, Ren L, Zhao Y. The expression of miR-129-5p and its target genes in the skin of goats. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:573-579. [PMID: 32078403 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1730392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Coat color is one of the major quality traits of animals, and miR-129-5p acts as an important regulator for melanin biosynthesis in mammals. In this study, real-time PCR and western blotting were used to examine the expression of miR-129-5p and its targets genes in the skin of different coat color goats. The results showed that the expression of miR-129-5p in the skin samples of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (IMCG) was higher than that of Dazu black goat (DBG). Also, the target genes (tyrosinase (TYR), frizzled 6 (FZD6) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)) of miR-129-5p was highly expressed in the skin samples of DBG. The expression of miR-129-5p firstly increased and then decreased with age in F1 hybrid generation of DBG and IMCG. In addition, the expression of TYR decreased with age, while the expression of MITF increased with age but then decreased. The expression of FZD6 and GSK3β in the skin samples of F1 of different ages were irregular. Our results indicated that miR-129-5p mainly affects the formation of coat color of goats by decreasing the expression of TYR. This study suggests that miR-129-5p can act as a suppressor in the formation of coat color to lay the foundation for studying the effect of miR-129-5p on melanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jipan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lingtong Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Anello M, Fernández E, Daverio MS, Vidal-Rioja L, Di Rocco F. TYR Gene in Llamas: Polymorphisms and Expression Study in Different Color Phenotypes. Front Genet 2019; 10:568. [PMID: 31249599 PMCID: PMC6582663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, encoded by TYR gene, is an enzyme that plays a major role in mammalian pigmentation. It catalyzes the oxidation of L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) to DOPA quinone, a precursor of both types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. TYR is commonly known as the albino locus since mutations in this gene result in albinism in several species. However, many other TYR mutations have been found to cause diluted phenotypes, like the Himalayan or chinchilla phenotypes in mice. The llama (Lama glama) presents a wide variety of coat colors ranging from non-diluted phenotypes (eumelanic and pheomelanic), through different degrees of dilution, to white. To investigate the possible contribution of TYR gene to coat color variation in llamas, we sequenced TYR exons and their flanking regions and genotyped animals with diluted, non-diluted, and white coat, including three blue-eyed white individuals. Moreover, we analyzed mRNA expression levels in skin biopsies by qPCR. TYR coding region presented nine SNPs, of which three were non-synonymous, c.428A > G, c.859G > T, and c.1490G > T. We also identified seven polymorphisms in non-coding regions, including two microsatellites, an homopolymeric repeat, and five SNPs: one in the promoter region (c.1-26C > T), two in the 3'-UTR, and two flanking the exons. Although no complete association was found between coat color and SNPs, c.1-26C > T was partially associated to diluted phenotypes. Additionally, the frequency of the G allele from c.428A > G was significantly higher in white compared to non-diluted. Results from qPCR showed that expression levels of TYR in white llamas were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in diluted and non-diluted phenotypes. Screening for variation in regulatory regions of TYR did not reveal polymorphisms that explain such differences. However, data from this study showed that TYR expression levels play a role in llama pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Anello
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Fernández
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Silvana Daverio
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lidia Vidal-Rioja
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Di Rocco
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
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Guo H, Cheng G, Li Y, Zhang H, Qin K. A Screen for Key Genes and Pathways Involved in High-Quality Brush Hair in the Yangtze River Delta White Goat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169820. [PMID: 28125615 PMCID: PMC5268778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta White Goat is the only goat breed that produces high-quality brush hair, or type III hair, which is specialized for use in top-grade writing brushes. There has been little research, especially molecular research, on the traits that result in high-quality brush hair in the Yangtze River Delta White Goat. To explore the molecular mechanisms of the formation of high-quality brush hair, High-throughput RNA-Seq technology was used to compare skin samples from Yangtze River Delta White Goats that produce high-quality hair and non high-quality hair for identification of the important genes and related pathways that might influence the hair quality traits. The results showed that 295 genes were expressed differentially between the goats with higher and lower hair quality, respectively. Of those genes, 132 were up-regulated, 62 were down-regulated, and 101 were expressed exclusively in the goats with high-quality brush hair. Gene Ontology and Metabolic Pathway Significant Enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed genes indicated that the MAP3K1, DUSP1, DUSP6 and the MAPK signaling pathway might play important roles in the traits important for high-quality brush hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guohu Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kangle Qin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Sun J, Geng X, Guo J, Zang X, Li P, Li D, Xu C. Proteomic analysis of the skin from Chinese fire-bellied newt and comparison to Chinese giant salamander. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 19:71-77. [PMID: 27343457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal skin that directly interfaces with the external environment has developed diverse adaptive functions to a variety of ecological conditions laden with pathogenic infection and physical harm. Amphibians exhibit various adaptations related to their "incomplete" shift from the aquatic to the terrestrial habitat. Therefore, it is very necessary to explore the molecular basis of skin function and adaptation in amphibians. Currently, the studies on the molecular mechanisms of skin functions in anuran amphibians have been reported, but in urodele amphibians are rare. This study identified the skin proteomes of Chinese fire-bellied newt Cynops orientalis by a proteomic method, and compared the results to the skin proteomes of Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus obtained previously. A total of 452 proteins were identified in the newt skin by MALDI-TOF/MS, and functional annotation results by DAVID analysis showed that special functions such as wound healing, immune response, defense and respiration, were significantly enriched. Comparison results showed that the two species had a great difference in the aspects of protein kinds and abundance, and the highly expressed proteins may tightly correlate with living conditions. Moreover, the newt skin might have stronger immunity, but weaker respiration than the giant salamander skin to adapt to various living environments. This research provides a molecular basis for further studies on amphibian skin function and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaofang Geng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiayan Zang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Deming Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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