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Ye C, Jiang W, Hu T, Liang J, Chen Y. The Regulatory Impact of CFLAR Methylation Modification on Liver Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7897. [PMID: 39063139 PMCID: PMC11277202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Caspase 8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR) has been identified as a potent factor in mitigating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by inhibiting the N-terminal dimerization of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). While arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) was previously reported to be associated with increased hepatic glucose production, its involvement in hepatic lipid metabolism remains largely unexplored. The interaction between PRMT1 and CFLAR and the methylation of CFLAR were verified by Co-IP and immunoblotting assays. Recombinant adenoviruses were generated for overexpression or knockdown of PRMT1 in hepatocytes. The role of PRMT1 in NAFLD was investigated in normal and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In this study, we found a significant upregulation of PRMT1 and downregulation of CFLAR after 48h of fasting, while the latter significantly rebounded after 12h of refeeding. The expression of PRMT1 increased in the livers of mice fed a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet and in hepatocytes challenged with oleic acid (OA)/palmitic acid (PA). Overexpression of PRMT1 not only inhibited the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and promoted the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (FAS), resulting in increased triglyceride accumulation in primary hepatocytes, but also enhanced the gluconeogenesis of primary hepatocytes. Conversely, knockdown of hepatic PRMT1 significantly alleviated MCD diet-induced hepatic lipid metabolism abnormalities and liver injury in vivo, possibly through the upregulation of CFLAR protein levels. Knockdown of PRMT1 suppressed the expression of genes related to FAS and enhanced the expression of genes involved in FAO, causing decreased triglyceride accumulation in OA/PA-treated primary hepatocytes in vitro. Although short-term overexpression of PRMT1 had no significant effect on hepatic triglyceride levels under physiological conditions, it resulted in increased serum triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels in normal C57BL/6J mice. More importantly, PRMT1 was observed to interact with and methylate CFLAR, ultimately leading to its ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation. This process subsequently triggered the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and lipid deposition in primary hepatocytes. Together, these results suggested that PRMT1-mediated methylation of CFLAR plays a critical role in hepatic lipid metabolism. Targeting PRMT1 for drug design may represent a promising strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jichao Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (C.Y.); (W.J.); (T.H.)
| | - Yong Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (C.Y.); (W.J.); (T.H.)
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Croce AC, Palladini G, Ferrigno A, Vairetti M. Autofluorescence Label-Free Imaging of the Liver Reticular Structure. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2566:29-35. [PMID: 36152239 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2675-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Autofluorescence rising from biological substrates under proper excitation light depends on the presence of specific endogenous fluorophores and can provide information on the morpho-functional properties in which they are strictly involved. Besides the numerous endogenous fluorophores involved in metabolic functions, fibrous proteins may act as direct, label-free biomarkers of the tissue structural organization. The optical properties of collagen, in particular, are currently applied as an alternative to established histochemical procedures to investigate the connective tissue as well as its changes in diseased conditions. This is particularly true in hepatology where the histochemical procedures to label the reticular structure are not routinely applied, as they are complex and time-consuming. The morphology of the liver reticular structure and its changes are up to now poorly considered despite the increasing awareness of the regulatory role played by the remodeling of the reticular structure in pathological conditions. In this context, the autofluorescence label-free imaging has proven to be a suitable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza" (IGM) - CNR, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Palladini
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Turato C, Vairetti M, Cagna M, Biasiolo A, Ferrigno A, Quarta S, Ruvoletto M, De Siervi S, Pontisso P, Di Pasqua LG. SerpinB3 administration protects liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the change in SerpinB3 during hepatic ischemia and the potential role of its antiprotease activity in cell protection by the administration of wild-type SerpinB3 (SerpinB3-WT) or active loop-deleted recombinant SerpinB3 protein (SerpinB3-D) in a rat model of ischemia (60 min)/reperfusion (60 min) (I/R). A time-dependent increase of SerpinB3, both at transcription and protein level, was found in ischemic livers after 60, 120 and 180 min. SerpinB3-WT decreased polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and serum enzymes and increased ATP when compared with I/R group. These events were not obtained using SerpinB3-D. No significant changes in both liver SerpinB3 mRNA and protein were found in all I/R groups considered. The present data show that the administration of SerpinB3-WT reduced the I/R injury and this effect appears to be dependent on its anti-protease activity.
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Mitsala A, Tsalikidis C, Romanidis K, Pitiakoudis M. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Extrahepatic Cancers: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing? Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4478-4510. [PMID: 35877216 PMCID: PMC9325209 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered the main driver and leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. The umbrella term NAFLD describes a range of liver conditions closely related to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia. At the same time, several malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, are considered to be common causes of death among patients with NAFLD. At first, our review herein aims to investigate the role of NAFLD in developing colorectal neoplasms and adenomatous polyps based on the current literature. We will also explore the connection and the missing links between NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers. Interestingly, any relationship between NAFLD and extrahepatic malignancies could be attributable to several shared metabolic risk factors. Overall, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and related disorders may increase the risk of developing cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis of NAFLD is essential for preventing the progression of the disease and avoiding its severe complications. In addition, cancer screening and early detection in these patients may improve survival and reduce any delays in treatment.
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May T, de la Haye B, Nord G, Klatt K, Stephenson K, Adams S, Bollinger L, Hanchard N, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Maleta K, Manary M, Jahoor F. One-carbon metabolism in children with marasmus and kwashiorkor. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103791. [PMID: 35030356 PMCID: PMC8761690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kwashiorkor is a childhood syndrome of edematous malnutrition. Its precise nutritional precipitants remain uncertain despite nine decades of study. Remarkably, kwashiorkor's disturbances resemble the effects of experimental diets that are deficient in one-carbon nutrients. This similarity suggests that kwashiorkor may represent a nutritionally mediated syndrome of acute one-carbon metabolism dysfunction. Here we report findings from a cross-sectional exploration of serum one-carbon metabolites in Malawian children. METHODS Blood was collected from children aged 12-60 months before nutritional rehabilitation: kwashiorkor (N = 94), marasmic-kwashiorkor (N = 43) marasmus (N = 118), moderate acute malnutrition (N = 56) and controls (N = 46). Serum concentrations of 16 one-carbon metabolites were quantified using LC/MS techniques, and then compared across participant groups. FINDINGS Twelve of 16 measured one-carbon metabolites differed significantly between participant groups. Measured outputs of one-carbon metabolism, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and cysteine, were lower in marasmic-kwashiorkor (median µmol/L (± SD): 0·549 (± 0·217) P = 0·00045 & 90 (± 40) P < 0·0001, respectively) and kwashiorkor (0·557 (± 0·195) P < 0·0001 & 115 (± 50) P < 0·0001), relative to marasmus (0·698 (± 0·212) & 153 (± 42)). ADMA and cysteine were well correlated with methionine in both kwashiorkor and marasmic-kwashiorkor. INTERPRETATION Kwashiorkor and marasmic-kwashiorkor were distinguished by evidence of one-carbon metabolism dysfunction. Correlative observations suggest that methionine deficiency drives this dysfunction, which is implicated in the syndrome's pathogenesis. The hypothesis that kwashiorkor can be prevented by fortifying low quality diets with methionine, along with nutrients that support efficient methionine use, such as choline, requires further investigation. FUNDING The Hickey Family Foundation, the American College of Gastroenterology, the NICHD, and the USDA/ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddaeus May
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX, USA.
| | | | | | - Kevin Klatt
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX, USA,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Lucy Bollinger
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, USA
| | - Neil Hanchard
- National Institutes of Health, USA,National Human Genome Research Institute, Nationl Institutes of Health
| | - Erland Arning
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute
| | | | - Mark Manary
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX, USA,The University of Malawi College of Medicine, Malawi,Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, USA
| | - Farook Jahoor
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX, USA
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Di Pasqua LG, Berardo C, Cagna M, Mannucci B, Milanesi G, Croce AC, Ferrigno A, Vairetti M. Long-term cold storage preservation does not affect fatty livers from rats fed with a methionine and choline deficient diet. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:78. [PMID: 34320998 PMCID: PMC8317281 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waiting lists that continue to grow and the lack of organs available for transplantation necessitate the use of marginal livers, such as fatty livers. Since steatotic livers are more susceptible to damage from ischemia and reperfusion, it was investigated whether fatty livers with different lipidomic profiles show a different outcome when subjected to long-term cold storage preservation. METHODS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats fed for 2 weeks by a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet or control diet were employed in this study. Livers were preserved in a University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4 °C for 6, 12 or 24 h and, after washout, reperfused for 2 h with a Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 37 °C. Hepatic enzyme release, bile production, O2-uptake, and portal venous pressure (PVP) were evaluated. The liver fatty acid profile was evaluated by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RESULTS MCD rats showed higher LDH and AST levels with respect to the control group. When comparing MCD livers preserved for 6, 12 or 24 h, no differences in enzyme release were found during both the washout or the reperfusion period. The same trend occurred for O2-uptake, PVP, and bile flow. A general decrease in SFA and MUFA, except for oleic acid, and a decrease in PUFA, except for arachidonic, eicosadienoic, and docosahexanaeoic acids, were found in MCD rats when compared with control rats. Moreover, the ratio between SFA and the various types of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) was significantly lower in MCD rats. CONCLUSIONS Although prolonged cold ischemia negatively affects the graft outcome, our data suggest that the quality of lipid constituents could influence liver injury during cold storage: the lack of an increased hepatic injury in MCD may be justified by low SFA, which likely reduces the deleterious tendency toward lipid crystallization occurring under cold ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marta Cagna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gloria Milanesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Cleta Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Richelmi P, Vairetti M, Ferrigno A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Current Issues and Future Perspectives in Preclinical and Clinical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249646. [PMID: 33348908 PMCID: PMC7766139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuum of liver abnormalities often starting as simple steatosis and to potentially progress into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of its increasing prevalence, NAFLD is becoming a major public health concern, in parallel with a worldwide increase in the recurrence rate of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It has been estimated that NASH cirrhosis may surpass viral hepatitis C and become the leading indication for liver transplantation in the next decades. The broadening of the knowledge about NASH pathogenesis and progression is of pivotal importance for the discovery of new targeted and more effective therapies; aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive and updated overview on NAFLD and NASH pathogenesis, the most recommended treatments, drugs under development and new drug targets. The most relevant in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD and NASH will be also reviewed, as well as the main molecular pathways involved in NAFLD and NASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Correspondence: (L.G.D.P.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0382-986-451 (L.G.D.P.)
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Li X, Wang TX, Huang X, Li Y, Sun T, Zang S, Guan KL, Xiong Y, Liu J, Yuan HX. Targeting ferroptosis alleviates methionine-choline deficient (MCD)-diet induced NASH by suppressing liver lipotoxicity. Liver Int 2020; 40:1378-1394. [PMID: 32145145 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NASH is one of the fastest growing liver diseases that leads to severe steatosis, inflammation and ultimately liver injury. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of NASH remain unclear and pharmacological treatment against the disease is unavailable currently. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Since NASH progression is accompanied by massive lipid accumulation, which generates lipotoxic species, we investigated the role of ferroptosis in NASH progression. METHOD Mice were fed on MCD-diet to mimic NASH progression and gene expression in liver was analysed by RNA-seq. The occurrence of hepatic ferroptosis was measured by lipid ROS level, electron microscopy and in vivo PI staining. The beneficial effects of ferroptosis inhibitors on NASH was evaluated by liver pathology analysis. The mechanism of lipid ROS induced lipid droplets accumulation was investigated by in vitro cell culture. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis suggested that elevated arachidonic acid metabolism promotes ferroptosis in MCD-diet fed mouse livers, which was further demonstrated by lipid ROS accumulation, morphological change of mitochondria and increased cell death. Iron accumulation was detected in the liver and the serum of MCD-fed mice. Scavenging of ferroptosis-linked lipid peroxides reduced lipid accumulation both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, ferroptosis inhibitors alleviated MCD-diet induced inflammation, fibrogenesis and liver injury. Finally, lipid ROS promotes liver steatosis by boosting lipid droplets formation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate an important role of ferroptosis in the progression of MCD-diet induced NASH and suggest that ferroptosis may serve as a therapeutic target for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- Department of Endocrinology of the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology of the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology of the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Endocrinology of the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Sun
- Department of Endocrinology of the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufei Zang
- Department of Endocrinology of the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, CA, La Jolla, USA
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology of the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Xin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology of the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ferrigno A, Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Siciliano V, Richelmi P, Nicoletti F, Vairetti M. Selective Blockade of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor mGluR5 Protects Mouse Livers in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E314. [PMID: 29360756 PMCID: PMC5855547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), a negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5, protects hepatocytes from ischemic injury. In astrocytes and microglia, MPEP depletes ATP. These findings seem to be self-contradictory, since ATP depletion is a fundamental stressor in ischemia. This study attempted to reconstruct the mechanism of MPEP-mediated ATP depletion and the consequences of ATP depletion on protection against ischemic injury. We compared the effects of MPEP and other mGluR5 negative modulators on ATP concentration when measured in rat hepatocytes and acellular solutions. We also evaluated the effects of mGluR5 blockade on viability in rat hepatocytes exposed to hypoxia. Furthermore, we studied the effects of MPEP treatment on mouse livers subjected to cold ischemia and warm ischemia reperfusion. We found that MPEP and 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP) deplete ATP in hepatocytes and acellular solutions, unlike fenobam. This finding suggests that mGluR5s may not be involved, contrary to previous reports. MPEP, as well as MTEP and fenobam, improved hypoxic hepatocyte viability, suggesting that protection against ischemic injury is independent of ATP depletion. Significantly, MPEP protected mouse livers in two different ex vivo models of ischemia reperfusion injury, suggesting its possible protective deployment in the treatment of hepatic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Veronica Siciliano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Plinio Richelmi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Croce AC, Ferrigno A, Di Pasqua LG, Berardo C, Piccolini VM, Bertone V, Bottiroli G, Vairetti M. Autofluorescence discrimination of metabolic fingerprint in nutritional and genetic fatty liver models. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 164:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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