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Wang Y, Lim YY, He Z, Wong WT, Lai WF. Dietary phytochemicals that influence gut microbiota: Roles and actions as anti-Alzheimer agents. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5140-5166. [PMID: 33559482 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1882381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The last decide has witnessed a growing research interest in the role of dietary phytochemicals in influencing the gut microbiota. On the other hand, recent evidence reveals that dietary phytochemicals exhibit properties of preventing and tackling symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, which is a neurodegenerative disease that has also been linked with the status of the gut microbiota over the last decade. Till now, little serious discussions, however, have been made to link recent understanding of Alzheimer's disease, dietary phytochemicals and the gut microbiota together and to review the roles played by phytochemicals in gut dysbiosis induced pathologies of Alzheimer's disease. Deciphering these connections can provide insights into the development and future use of dietary phytochemicals as anti-Alzheimer drug candidates. This review aims at presenting latest evidence in the modulating role of phytochemicals in the gut microbiota and its relevance to Alzheimer's disease and summarizing the mechanisms behind the modulative activities. Limitations of current research in this field and potential directions will also be discussed for future research on dietary phytochemicals as anti-Alzheimer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yau-Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhendan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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2
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Zhou H, Tai J, Xu H, Lu X, Meng D. Xanthoceraside Could Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms of Rats by Affecting the Gut Microbiota Composition and Modulating the Endogenous Metabolite Levels. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1035. [PMID: 31572201 PMCID: PMC6753234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthoceraside (XAN) is a natural-derived compound with anti-Alzheimer activity from the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia. Although its therapeutic effect had been confirmed in previous studies, the mechanism was still unclear due to its poor solubility and low permeability. In this study, the pharmacological effect of XAN on Alzheimer's disease (AD) was confirmed by behavior experiments and H&E staining observation. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment also replicated the therapeutic effects, which indicates the potential targets of XAN on gut microbiota. The sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in fecal samples demonstrated that XAN reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis in AD animals. XAN could change the relative abundances of several phyla and genus of bacterial, particularly the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Among them, Clostridium IV, Desulfovibrio, Corynebacterium, and Enterorhabdus had been reported to be involved in the pathologic developments of AD and other central nervous system disease. In metabolomics study, a series of host endogenous metabolites were detected, including amino acids, lysophosphatidylcholine, dihydrosphingosine, phytosphingosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine, which were all closely associated with the development of AD. Combined with the Spearman's correlation analysis, it was confirmed that the increases of five bacterial strains and decreases of six bacterial strains were closely correlated with the increases of nine host metabolites and the decreases of another five host metabolites. Therefore, XAN can modulate the structure of gut microbiota in AD rats; the changes of gut microbiota were significantly correlated with endogenous metabolites, and symptom of AD was ultimately alleviated. Our findings suggest that XAN may be a potential therapeutic drug for AD, and the gut microbiota may be potential targeting territory of XAN via microbiome-gut-brain pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjie Tai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiumei Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dali Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Mukilan M, Rajathei DM, Jeyaraj E, Kayalvizhi N, Rajan KE. MiR-132 regulated olfactory bulb proteins linked to olfactory learning in greater short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx. Gene 2018; 671:10-20. [PMID: 29859284 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we showed that micro RNA-132 (miR-132) regulate the immediate early genes (IEGs) in the olfactory bulb (OB) of fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx during olfactory learning. This study was designed to examine whether the miR-132 regulate other proteins in OB during olfactory learning. To test this, miR-132 anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) was delivered to the OB and then trained to novel odor. The 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis showed that inhibition of miR-132 altered olfactory training induced expression of 321 proteins. Further, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis reveals the identity of differently expressed proteins such as phosphoribosyl transferase domain containing protein (PRTFDC 1), Sorting nexin-8 (SNX8), Creatine kinase B-type (CKB) and Annexin A11 (ANX A11). Among them PRTFDC 1 showing 189 matching peptides with highest sequence coverage (67.0%) and protein-protein interaction analysis showed that PRTFDC 1 is a homolog of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-1 (HPRT-1). Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) showed that inhibition of miR-132 down-regulated HPRT expression in OB of C. sphinx. In addition, western blot analysis depicts that HPRT, serotonin transporter (SERT), N-methyl-d-asparate (NMDA) receptors (2A,B) were down-regulated, but not altered in OB of non-sense oligodeoxynucleotide (NS-ODN) infused groups. These analyses suggest that miR-132 regulates the process of olfactory learning and memory formation through SERT and NMDA receptors signalling, which is possibly associated with the PRTFDC1-HPRT interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Mukilan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - David Mary Rajathei
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Edwin Jeyaraj
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.
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Biasibetti-Brendler H, Schmitz F, Pierozan P, Zanotto BS, Prezzi CA, de Andrade RB, Wannmacher CMD, Wyse ATS. Hypoxanthine Induces Neuroenergetic Impairment and Cell Death in Striatum of Young Adult Wistar Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4098-4106. [PMID: 28593435 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxanthine is the major purine involved in the salvage pathway of purines in the brain. High levels of hypoxanthine are characteristic of Lesch-Nyhan Disease. Since hypoxanthine is a purine closely related to ATP formation, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrastriatal hypoxanthine administration on neuroenergetic parameters (pyruvate kinase, succinate dehydrogenase, complex II, cytochrome c oxidase, and ATP levels) and mitochondrial function (mitochondrial mass and membrane potential) in striatum of rats. We also evaluated the effect of cell death parameters (necrosis and apoptosis). Wistar rats of 60 days of life underwent stereotactic surgery and were divided into two groups: control (infusion of saline 0.9%) and hypoxanthine (10 μM). Intrastriatal hypoxanthine administration did not alter pyruvate kinase activity, but increased succinate dehydrogenase and complex II activities and diminished cytochrome c oxidase activity and immunocontent. Hypoxanthine injection decreased the percentage of cells with mitochondrial membrane label and increased mitochondrial membrane potential labeling. There was a decrease in the number of live cells and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells by caused hypoxanthine. Our findings show that intrastriatal hypoxanthine administration altered neuroenergetic parameters, and caused mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by apoptosis, suggesting that these processes may be associated, at least in part, with neurological symptoms found in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Biasibetti-Brendler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Zanotto
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Prezzi
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Binkowski de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Clovis M D Wannmacher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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5
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Li N, Liu Y, Li W, Zhou L, Li Q, Wang X, He P. A UPLC/MS-based metabolomics investigation of the protective effect of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2 in mice with Alzheimer's disease. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:9-17. [PMID: 26843817 PMCID: PMC4703800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease, for which there is no effective drug therapy at present. Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) and G-Rg2 have been reported to alleviate memory deterioration. However, the mechanism of their anti-AD effect has not yet been clearly elucidated. Methods Ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem MS (UPLC/MS)-based metabolomics was used to identify metabolites that are differentially expressed in the brains of AD mice with or without ginsenoside treatment. The cognitive function of mice and pathological changes in the brain were also assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results The impaired cognitive function and increased hippocampal Aβ deposition in AD mice were ameliorated by G-Rg1 and G-Rg2. In addition, a total of 11 potential biomarkers that are associated with the metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), hypoxanthine, and sphingolipids were identified in the brains of AD mice and their levels were partly restored after treatment with G-Rg1 and G-Rg2. G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment influenced the levels of hypoxanthine, dihydrosphingosine, hexadecasphinganine, LPC C 16:0, and LPC C 18:0 in AD mice. Additionally, G-Rg1 treatment also influenced the levels of phytosphingosine, LPC C 13:0, LPC C 15:0, LPC C 18:1, and LPC C 18:3 in AD mice. Conclusion These results indicate that the improvements in cognitive function and morphological changes produced by G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment are caused by regulation of related brain metabolic pathways. This will extend our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the effects of G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijing Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Gerontology, The Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Piedimonte F, Andreani JC, Piedimonte L, Micheli F, Graff P, Bacaro V. Remarkable Clinical Improvement with Bilateral Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation in a Case of Lesch-Nyhan Disease: Five-Year Follow-Up. Neuromodulation 2015; 18:118-22; discussion 122. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Piedimonte
- Fundación CENIT para la Investigación en Neurociencias; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sociedad Argentina de Neuromodulación (SANE); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Morfología “J.J. Naón,” Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Andreani
- Fundación CENIT para la Investigación en Neurociencias; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sociedad Argentina de Neuromodulación (SANE); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Neuro-rehabilitación en Argentina (INEUREA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Leandro Piedimonte
- Fundación CENIT para la Investigación en Neurociencias; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sociedad Argentina de Neuromodulación (SANE); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Federico Micheli
- Programa de Parkinson y Movimientos Anormales, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín,”; Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pablo Graff
- Fundación CENIT para la Investigación en Neurociencias; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Valeria Bacaro
- Fundación CENIT para la Investigación en Neurociencias; Buenos Aires Argentina
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7
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Effect of hypoxanthine, antioxidants and allopurinol on cholinesterase activities in rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:1359-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-0989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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García MG, Puig JG, Torres RJ. Adenosine, dopamine and serotonin receptors imbalance in lymphocytes of Lesch-Nyhan patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:1129-35. [PMID: 22403020 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is caused by complete deficiency of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme. It is characterized by overproduction of uric acid, jointly with severe motor disability and self-injurious behaviour which physiopathology is unknown. These neurological manifestations suggest a dysfunction in the basal ganglia, and three neurotransmitters have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease: dopamine, adenosine and serotonin. All of them are implicated in motor function and behaviour, and act by binding to specific G-protein coupled receptors in the synaptic membrane where they seem to be integrated through receptor-receptor interactions. In this work we have confirmed at protein level the previously reported increased expression of DRD5 and the variably aberrant expression of ADORA2A, in LND PBL respect to control PBL. We have also described, for the first time, a decreased expression and protein level of 5-HTR1A in LND PBL respect to control PBL. If these results were confirmed in the Lesch-Nyhan patients basal ganglia cells, this would support the hypothesis that pathogenesis of neurological manifestations of Lesch-Nyhan patients may be related to an imbalance of neurotransmitters, rather than to the isolated disturbance of one of the neurotransmitters, and this fact should be taken into account in the design of pharmacologic treatment for their motor and behavioural disturbances.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Base Sequence
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Humans
- Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome/etiology
- Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome/genetics
- Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D5/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G García
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Metabolic Vascular Unit, IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Behavioral, neurochemical and histological alterations promoted by bilateral intranigral rotenone administration: a new approach for an old neurotoxin. Neurotox Res 2011; 21:291-301. [PMID: 21953489 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone exposure in rodents provides an interesting model for studying mechanisms of toxin-induced dopaminergic neuronal injury. However, several aspects remain unclear regarding the effects and the accuracy of rotenone as an animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD). In order to counteract these limitations, this study characterized a precise neurotoxin-delivery strategy employing the bilateral intranigral administration protocol of rotenone as a reliable model of PD. We performed bilateral intranigral injections of rotenone (12 μg) and subsequent general activity (1, 10, 20, and 30 days after rotenone) and cognitive (7, 8, 15, and 30 days after rotenone) evaluations followed by neurochemical and immunohistochemical tests. We have observed that rotenone was able to produce a remarkable reduction on the percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons (about 60%) within the substantia nigra pars compacta. Dopamine (DA) was severely depleted at 30 days after rotenone administration, similarly to its metabolites. In addition, an increase in DA turnover was detected at the same time-point. In parallel, striatal serotonin and its metabolite were found to be increased 30 days after the neurotoxic insult, without apparent modification in the serotonin turnover. Besides, motor behavior was impaired, mainly 1 day after rotenone. Furthermore, learning and memory processes were severely disrupted in different time-points, particularly at the training and test session (30 days). We now provide further evidence of a time-dependent neurodegeneration associated to cognitive impairment after the single bilateral intranigral administration of rotenone. Thus, it is proposed that the current rotenone protocol provides an improvement regarding the existing rotenone models of PD.
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10
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Farias FM, Passos CS, Arbo MD, Zuanazzi JAS, Steffen VM, Henriques AT. Monoamine levels in rat striatum after acute intraperitoneal injection of strictosidinic acid isolated from Psychotria myriantha Mull. Arg. (Rubiaceae). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:289-291. [PMID: 19576739 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Strictosidinic acid 10mg/kg, isolated from Psychotria myriantha leaves, were administered intraperitoneally to Wistar male rats (n=5-6). After 60 minutes, striatum was dissected, homogenized and injected onto HPLC-ED chromatographic system. It was observed a 28.7% reduction in the 5-HT levels followed up by an increase of 5-HIAA levels (29.4%). Furthermore there was a decrease of 8.0% in DA levels and an increase in the levels of metabolites DOPAC (21.5%) and HVA (52.5%). The results indicate that strictosidinic acid has a promising effect in the central nervous system, justifying more studies about the central actions of Psychotria compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Farias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 2752, CEP 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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11
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Bertelli M, Alushi B, Veicsteinas A, Jinnah HA, Micheli V. Gene expression and mRNA editing of serotonin receptor 2C in brains of HPRT gene knock-out mice, an animal model of Lesch-Nyhan disease. J Clin Neurosci 2009; 16:1061-3. [PMID: 19473847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND), a genetic disorder associated with motor and psychiatric disturbance and self-injurious behaviour (SIB) is caused by a complete deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). The connection between enzyme deficiency and neurological involvement is still unclear. Evidence exists for a role of basal ganglia dysfunction with decreased dopamine and excess serotonin striatal content. In this study, we investigate the role of serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) in the brains of HPRT gene knock-out mice, a model of LND. HTR2C expression is analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using SYBR-green detection methods. The percentage of edited HTR2C mRNA was determined by direct sequencing of amplification products of the region containing the editing sites. We found a 55% increase in the expression of HTR2C gene but no significant difference in mRNA editing levels between knock-out and control mice. The above alteration found in HPRT-deficient mice is similar to those found in other animal models used to study aggressive and self-injurious behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bertelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, International Association of Medical Genetics, Trento, Italy.
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12
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Bavaresco CS, Chiarani F, Kolling J, Netto CA, de Souza Wyse AT. Biochemical effects of pretreatment with vitamins E and C in rats submitted to intrastriatal hypoxanthine administration. Neurochem Int 2008; 52:1276-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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