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Calabrese V, Osakabe N, Khan F, Wenzel U, Modafferi S, Nicolosi L, Fritsch T, Jacob UM, Abdelhameed AS, Rashan L. Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson's disease treatment. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240988. [PMID: 38911256 PMCID: PMC11193358 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by tremor, slowness of movement, stiffness, and poor balance, is due to a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and dopaminergic nerve terminals in the striatum with deficit of dopamine. To date the mechanisms sustaining PD pathogenesis are under investigation; however, a solid body of experimental evidence involves neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death as the crucial factors operating in the pathogenesis of PD. Nutrition is known to modulate neuroinflammatory processes implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of this neurodegenerative disorder. Consistent with this notion, the Burseraceae family, which includes the genera Boswellia and Commiphora, are attracting emerging interest in the treatment of a wide range of pathological conditions, including neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Bioactive components present in these species have been shown to improve cognitive function and to protect neurons from degeneration in in vitro, animal, as well as clinical research. These effects are mediated through the anti-inflammatory, antiamyloidogenic, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidative properties of bioactive components. Although many studies have exploited possible therapeutic approaches, data from human studies are lacking and their neuroprotective potential makes them a promising option for preventing and treating major neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, 95125Catania, Italy
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute Technology,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Foziya Khan
- Biodiversity Unit, Dhofar University,
Salalah, Oman
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, 95125Catania, Italy
| | - Lidia Nicolosi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, 95125Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luay Rashan
- Biodiversity Unit, Dhofar University,
Salalah, Oman
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Youssef MAM, Mohamed TM, Bakry AA, El-Keiy MM. Synergistic effect of spermidine and ciprofloxacin against Alzheimer's disease in male rat via ferroptosis modulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130387. [PMID: 38401586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathophysiology that remains not fully understood, and the exact mechanism of neurodegeneration is uncertain. Ferroptosis has been linked to the progression of degenerative diseases observed in AD models. The present study is designed to investigate the protective effects of spermidine, a potent antioxidant and iron chelator, and its synergistic interactions with ciprofloxacin, another iron chelator, in modulating ferroptosis and mitigating AD progression in rats. This study investigated AD-related biomarkers like neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ), arginase I, and serotonin. Spermidine demonstrated an anti-ferroptotic effect in the AD model, evident from the modulation of ferroptosis parameters such as hippocampus iron levels, reduced protein expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). Additionally, the administration of spermidine led to a significant increase in protein expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (p-Nrf2) and upregulation of Cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11) gene expression. Moreover, spermidine notably decreased p53 protein levels, acrolein, and gene expression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1). Overall, our findings suggest that spermidine and/or ciprofloxacin may offer potential benefits against AD by modulating ferroptosis. Furthermore, spermidine enhanced the antioxidant efficacy of ciprofloxacin and reduced its toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Azza A Bakry
- Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai M El-Keiy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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3
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El-Assy AM, Amer HM, Ibrahim HM, Mohamed MA. A novel CNN architecture for accurate early detection and classification of Alzheimer's disease using MRI data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3463. [PMID: 38342924 PMCID: PMC10859371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that requires accurate diagnosis for effective management and treatment. In this article, we propose an architecture for a convolutional neural network (CNN) that utilizes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset to categorize AD. The network employs two separate CNN models, each with distinct filter sizes and pooling layers, which are concatenated in a classification layer. The multi-class problem is addressed across three, four, and five categories. The proposed CNN architecture achieves exceptional accuracies of 99.43%, 99.57%, and 99.13%, respectively. These high accuracies demonstrate the efficacy of the network in capturing and discerning relevant features from MRI images, enabling precise classification of AD subtypes and stages. The network architecture leverages the hierarchical nature of convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers to extract both local and global patterns from the data, facilitating accurate discrimination between different AD categories. Accurate classification of AD carries significant clinical implications, including early detection, personalized treatment planning, disease monitoring, and prognostic assessment. The reported accuracy underscores the potential of the proposed CNN architecture to assist medical professionals and researchers in making precise and informed judgments regarding AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M El-Assy
- Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hanan M Amer
- Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - H M Ibrahim
- Communication and Electronics Engineering Department, Nile Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology-IEEE Com Society Member, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M A Mohamed
- Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Makinde E, Ma L, Mellick GD, Feng Y. Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020226. [PMID: 36830595 PMCID: PMC9953029 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are widely considered the "power hub" of the cell because of their pivotal roles in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. However, beyond the production of ATP, which is the major source of chemical energy supply in eukaryotes, mitochondria are also central to calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, and cell apoptosis. The mitochondria also perform crucial multifaceted roles in biosynthetic pathways, serving as an important source of building blocks for the biosynthesis of fatty acid, cholesterol, amino acid, glucose, and heme. Since mitochondria play multiple vital roles in the cell, it is not surprising that disruption of mitochondrial function has been linked to a myriad of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the key physiological and pathological functions of mitochondria and present bioactive compounds with protective effects on the mitochondria and their mechanisms of action. We highlight promising compounds and existing difficulties limiting the therapeutic use of these compounds and potential solutions. We also provide insights and perspectives into future research windows on mitochondrial modulators.
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5
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Rajabian A, Farzanehfar M, Hosseini H, Arab FL, Nikkhah A. Boswellic acids as promising agents for the management of brain diseases. Life Sci 2022; 312:121196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gharb M, Nouralishahi A, Riazi A, Riazi G. Inhibition Of Tau Protein Aggregation By a Chaperone-like β-Boswellic Acid Conjugated To Gold Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30347-30358. [PMID: 36061732 PMCID: PMC9434627 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit tau protein aggregation in neurons has substantial effects on preventing or controlling Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this work, we designed a covalent and noncovalent conjugation of β-boswellic acid (BA) to gold nanoparticles (GNPs). We provided the opportunity to investigate the effect of the surface composition of BA-GNPs on the aggregation of the tau protein 1N/4R isoform in vitro. HR-TEM and FESEM micrographs revealed that GNPs were spherical and uniform, smaller than 25 nm. According to UV-visible and FTIR data, BA was successfully conjugated to GNPs. The finding illustrates the effect of the surface charge, size, and hydrophobicity of BA-GNPs on the kinetics of tau protein aggregation. The size and surface area of U-G-BA demonstrated that inhibited tau aggregation more effectively than covalently linked BA. The proposed method for preventing tau aggregation was monomer reduction. At the same time, a chaperone-like feature of GNP-BA while sustaining a tau native structure prevented the additional formation of fibrils. Overall, this study provides insight into the interaction of GNP-BAs with a monomer of tau protein and may suggest novel future therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Gharb
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14335, Iran
- Caspian
Factually of Engineering, University of
Tehran, Rezvanshahr 4386191836, Gilan Iran
| | - Amideddin Nouralishahi
- Caspian
Factually of Engineering, University of
Tehran, Rezvanshahr 4386191836, Gilan Iran
| | - Ali Riazi
- Kondor
Pharma Inc., Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1T4, Canada
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14335, Iran
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7
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Epremyan KK, Goleva TN, Zvyagilskaya RA. Effect of Tau Protein on Mitochondrial Functions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:689-701. [PMID: 36171651 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922080028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder of brain cortex and hippocampus leading to cognitive impairment. Accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles are believed to be the main hallmarks of the disease. Origin of Alzheimer's disease is not totally clear, multiple initiator factors are likely to exist. Intracellular impacts of Alzheimer's disease include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ER-stress, disruption of autophagy, severe metabolic challenges leading to massive neuronal apoptosis. Mitochondria are the key players in all these processes. This formed the basis for the so-called mitochondrial cascade hypothesis. This review provides current data on the molecular mechanisms of the development of Alzheimer's disease associated with mitochondria. Special attention was paid to the interaction between Tau protein and mitochondria, as well as to the promising therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing development of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoren K Epremyan
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Tatyana N Goleva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Renata A Zvyagilskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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Sharma K, Verma R, Kumar D, Nepovimova E, Kuča K, Kumar A, Raghuvanshi D, Dhalaria R, Puri S. Ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in Himachal Pradesh, India in Western Himalaya. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115318. [PMID: 35469830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are considered as a healthcare resource and widely used by rural people in their traditional medicine system for curing neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases refer to incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration/death of nerve cells or neurons in the human brain. This review is mainly focused on the usage of different ethnomedicinal plants in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases in Himachal Pradesh. Study reveals total of 73 ethnomedicinal plants, which are used for treating different neurological disorders in different areas of Himachal Pradesh. The data is compiled from the different sources that described the detailed information of plants in tabular form and highlights the significance of different phytochemicals on neuroprotective function. The present study also provides the scientific data and clinical (in-vivo and in-vitro) studies in support of ethnomedicinal use. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide information of ethnomedicinal plants which are used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in Himachal Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the use of ethnomedicinal plants to treat various neurological disorders has been gathered from a variety of sources, including various types of literature, books, and relevant publications in Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus, and Pub Med, among others. The collected data is tabulated, including the botanical names of plants, mode of use and the disease for which it is used for curing, etc. RESULTS: There are 73 ethnomedicinal plants that are used to cure various neurological disorders, with the most plants being used to treat epilepsy problem in Himachal Pradesh. CONCLUSION Numerous phytochemicals and extracts from diverse plants were found to have a protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidant activity is known to exist in a variety of herbal plants. The most common bioactive antioxidant chemicals having their significant impacts include flavonoids, flavones, coumarins, lignans, isoflavones, catechins, anthocyanins, and isocatechins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec, Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec, Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Disha Raghuvanshi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
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Shamosi A, Mahmoudi E, Kermanian F. Effect of Olibanum Extract/Graphene Oxide on Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neuron-Like Cells on Freeze Dried Scaffolds. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3179. [PMID: 36337067 PMCID: PMC9583825 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.310552.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the challenges in using stem cells to neural repair is to induce their differentiation into neurons and lack of glial formation. OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells have revealed great potential for neural reorganization and renewal by taking advantage of differentiation capabilities. Here we explored the potential use of olibanum extract in freeze-dried scaffolds for induction of stem cells differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, gelatin/ collagen/olibanum/ graphene oxide (GEL/COL/OL/GO) freeze-dried scaffolds were synthesized and then adult rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were seeded on scaffolds. The viability of cells was evaluated using MTT test on days 1, 3 and 5. The morphology of the cells seeded on scaffolds was studied using SEM and specific protein expression detected by immunohistochemical analysis. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the expression of Chat, Pax6, Hb-9, Nestin, Islet-1, and neurofilament-H (NF-H). The data were analyzed using Tukey test and one-way ANOVA and the means difference was considered significant at P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001. RESULTS Showed that the pore size is increased in GEL/COL/OL/GO scaffolds compared with GO-free scaffolds and higher attachment and proliferation of BMMSCs on GEL/COL/OL /1.5% GO scaffolds compared to GEL/COL/OL/3% GO scaffolds. The cell viability results after 5 days of incubation showed the significant biocompatibility of GEL/COL/OL /1.5% GO freeze-dried scaffold. The results of immunohistochemical and PCR analysis revealed positive role of GEL/COL/OL/1.5% GO scaffolds in upregulation of neuron-specific markers. CONCLUSION These results reveal the great potential of GEL/COL/OL/GO scaffolds for nerve regeneration. Our data suggested that both OL extract and GO can regulate the MSCs differentiation into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Shamosi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mahmoudi
- Department of Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kermanian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Ragab EM, El Gamal DM, Mohamed TM, Khamis AA. Study of the inhibitory effects of chrysin and its nanoparticles on mitochondrial complex II subunit activities in normal mouse liver and human fibroblasts. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:15. [PMID: 35089446 PMCID: PMC8795958 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial complex ΙΙ has a unique biological role owing to its participation in both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. Our goal was to evaluate the succinate dehydrogenase and ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity of mitochondrial complex II in the presence of chrysin and chrysin-chitosan nanoparticles. Chrysin chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, drug release, and zeta potential. The binding affinity of chrysin to complex II subunits was assessed by molecular docking. The IC50 values were measured in a suspension of mouse mitochondria, and the inhibitory effect of chrysin and chrysin chitosan nanoparticles on mitochondrial complex ΙΙ was determined. RESULTS The free energy of binding between chrysin and complex ΙΙ subunits A, B, C, and D was -4.9, -5, -8.2, and -8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The characteristic peak of chrysin was confirmed at 348 nm. The chrysin chitosan nanoparticles contained characteristic bands of both chrysin and chitosan. The crystalline nature of chrysin chitosan nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction measurements showing the characteristic Bragg peaks of (11.2°), (32.2°), (19.6°), (27.6°), and (31.96°). Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed their spherical shape and an average particle size of 49.7 ± 3.02 nm. Chrysin chitosan nanoparticles showed a burst release within the initial 2 h followed by a steady release at 8 h. Their zeta potential was positive, between +35.5 and +80 mV. The IC50 of chrysin, chitosan nanoparticles, chrysin chitosan nanoparticles, and 5-fluorouracil was 34.66, 184.1, 12.2, and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively, in adult mice liver and 129, 311, 156, and 8.07 μg/mL, respectively, in normal human fibroblasts. When comparing the inhibitory effects on complex ΙΙ activity, application of the IC50 of chrysin, chitosan nanoparticles, chrysin chitosan nanoparticles, and 5-fluorouracil resulted in 40.14%, 90.9%, 86.7%, and 89% decreases in SDH activity and 70.09%, 86.74%, 60.8%, and 80.23% decreases in ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity in normal adult mice, but 80.9%, 89.06%, and 90% significant decreases in SDH activity, and 90%, 85%, and 95% decreases in ubiquinone reductase after treatment with chrysin, chrysin chitosan nanoparticles, and 5-fluorouracil, in normal human fibroblasts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chrysin and CCNPs exhibit potent inhibitory effects on SDH activity ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Ragab
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Doaa M El Gamal
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Odusami M, Maskeliūnas R, Damaševičius R. An Intelligent System for Early Recognition of Alzheimer's Disease Using Neuroimaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:740. [PMID: 35161486 PMCID: PMC8839926 DOI: 10.3390/s22030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects brain cells, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been defined as the early phase that describes the onset of AD. Early detection of MCI can be used to save patient brain cells from further damage and direct additional medical treatment to prevent its progression. Lately, the use of deep learning for the early identification of AD has generated a lot of interest. However, one of the limitations of such algorithms is their inability to identify changes in the functional connectivity in the functional brain network of patients with MCI. In this paper, we attempt to elucidate this issue with randomized concatenated deep features obtained from two pre-trained models, which simultaneously learn deep features from brain functional networks from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. We experimented with ResNet18 and DenseNet201 to perform the task of AD multiclass classification. A gradient class activation map was used to mark the discriminating region of the image for the proposed model prediction. Accuracy, precision, and recall were used to assess the performance of the proposed system. The experimental analysis showed that the proposed model was able to achieve 98.86% accuracy, 98.94% precision, and 98.89% recall in multiclass classification. The findings indicate that advanced deep learning with MRI images can be used to classify and predict neurodegenerative brain diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupe Odusami
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Rytis Maskeliūnas
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Robertas Damaševičius
- Department of Software Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
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12
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Siddiqui A, Shah Z, Jahan RN, Othman I, Kumari Y. Mechanistic role of boswellic acids in Alzheimer's disease: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112250. [PMID: 34607104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The resin/gum of Boswellia species belonging to the family of Burseraceae is a naturally occurring mixture of bioactive compounds, which was traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat conditions like chronic inflammation. Several research studies have also explored its' therapeutic potential against multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main chemical constituents of this gum include boswellic acids (BAs) like 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β boswellic acid (AKBA) that possess potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in AD. It is also involved in inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cholinergic pathway and improve choline levels as well as its binding with nicotinic receptors to produce anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple shreds of evidence have demonstrated that BAs modulate key molecular targets and signalling pathways like 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, Nrf2, NF-kB, cholinergic, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formation (NFTs) that are involved in AD progression. The present review focuses on the possible mechanistic therapeutic role of BAs in modulating the 5-LOX/COX pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism, activating Nrf2 through binding of ARE, inhibiting NF-kB and AChE activity. In addition, an inhibition of amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in AD by BAs is also discussed in this review. We have also highlighted that BAs possess beneficial effects in AD by targeting multiple molecular pathways and makes it an emerging drug candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqui
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo 43614, OH, USA
| | - Rao Nargis Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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13
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Potential therapeutic effects of boswellic acids/Boswellia serrata extract in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2167-2185. [PMID: 34542667 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The link between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction has been reported in many recent articles. There is currently no disease-modifying treatment available for cognitive impairment. Boswellia serrata (B. serrata) is used traditionally to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance (IR), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to highlight current research on the potential use of boswellic acids (BAs)/B. serrata extract in T2D and AD. We reviewed the published information through June 2021. Studies have been collected through a search on online electronic databases (Academic libraries as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Egyptian Knowledge Bank). Accumulating evidence in preclinical and small human clinical studies has indicated that BAs/B. serrata extract has potential therapeutic effect in T2D and AD. According to most of the authors, the potential therapeutic effects of BAs/B. serrata extract in T2D and AD can be attributed to immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and elimination of the senescent cells. BAs/B. serrata extract may act by inhibiting the IκB kinase/nuclear transcription factor-κB (IKK/NF-κB) signaling pathway and increasing the formation of selective anti-inflammatory LOX-isoform modulators. In conclusion, BAs/B. serrata extract may have positive therapeutic effects in prevention and therapy of T2D and AD. However, more randomized controlled trials with effective, large populations are needed to show a definitive conclusion about therapeutic efficacy of BAs/B. serrata extract in T2D and AD.
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Zhao F, Liu C, Fang L, Lu H, Wang J, Gao Y, Gabbianelli R, Min W. Walnut-Derived Peptide Activates PINK1 via the NRF2/KEAP1/HO-1 Pathway, Promotes Mitophagy, and Alleviates Learning and Memory Impairments in a Mice Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2758-2772. [PMID: 33591165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy has a pivotal protective function in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. However, the mechanism of its modulation remains elusive, especially in PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of a walnut-derived peptide, YVLLPSPK, against scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in mice and explored the underlying PINK1-mediated mitophagy mechanisms in H2O2-treated HT-22 cells. Using the Morris water maze, we showed that YVLLPSPK relieved the cognitive deficiency by alleviating oxidative stress. Mitochondrial morphology was observed in mice hippocampal tissues using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis illustrated YVLLPSPK promoted the expression of mitophagy-related proteins and activated the NRF2/KEAP1/HO-1 pathway. Subsequently, an NRF2 inhibitor (ML385) was used to verify the contribution of the YVLLPSPK-regulated NRF2/KEAP1/HO-1 pathway in PINK1-mediated mitophagy in H2O2-treated HT-22 cells. These data suggested that YVLLPSPK improved learning and memory in scopolamine-induced cognitive-impaired mice through a mechanism associated with PINK1-mediated mitophagy via the NRF2/KEAP1/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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