Vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D receptor genotypes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with development of aortic and mitral valve calcification and coronary artery diseases

The association of rs7041 polymorphism with infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the association of rs7041 polymorphism with PCOS, as well as infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in PCOS patients.

RESULTS

Genotype analysis showed that the GT genotype and the T allele of the rs7041 polymorphism were associated with increased odds of PCOS. (OR: 2.8 95% CI [1.48-5.33], p = 0.002, and OR: 2.27 95% CI [1.2-4.28], p = 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the GT genotype and T allele of the rs7041 polymorphism were associated with increased odds of infertility in women with PCOS. (OR: 40.55 95% CI [5.34-307.7], p < 0.0001, and OR: 30.667 95% CI [4.05-232.19], p = 0.001, respectively). Conversely, no significant association was observed between genotypes and RPL in women with PCOS. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly higher in individuals with the T allele compared to those with the G allele.

Molecular study of vitamin D metabolism-related single nucleotide polymorphisms in cardiovascular risk: a case-control study

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute a major global health problem, being the leading cause of death. Several risk factors for CVDs have been identified, including tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. However, the role of genetic factors in CVDs remains unclear. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of CVDs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in genes involved in vitamin D metabolism (VDR, GC, CYP27B1, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1) on the risk of developing CVDs. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in 766 Caucasian individuals from southern Spain: 383 diagnosed with CVDs and 383 without cardiovascular complications, matched based on age and sex. The 13 SNPs were identified by real-time PCR using TaqMan™ probes at the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital and the University of Granada. According to statistical analysis the allele G and genotype GG of the SNP CYP2R1 rs10741657 and the allele C and CC genotype of the SNP CYP27B1 rs3782130 are associated with a decreased risk of CVDs and diabetes in three of the five heritage models studied. Thus, it can be concluded that CYP2R1 rs10741657 and CYP27B1 rs3782130 could be used as risk biomarkers for CVDs in the future, although studies with a larger number of participants are needed.

Risk factors for radial artery calcification in patients with and without uremia

BACKGROUND

Calcification of the radial artery is one of the main causes of anastomotic stenosis in autogenous arteriovenous fistulas in uremic patients. However, the pathogenesis of calcification is still unknown. This study attempted to screen and validate the risk factors for vascular calcification in patients with uremia.

METHODS

Serum of blood were collected and tissue samples from radial artery were obtained from 60 uremia patients with or without hemodialysis. General biochemical indicators and calcification-related molecules were collected and detected via ELISA or correlation analysis. In addition, pathological changes and calcification-related molecules in the radial artery were evaluated by HE or immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTS

There were differences in total calcium, calcium-phosphorus products, allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), vitamin D (VD), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and soluble klotho (sKlotho) in the blood of uremic patients with or without hemodialysis. Furthermore, these factors are related to calcification of the radial artery. The expression of AIF-1, PTHR1, VDR, FGF23 and sKlotho was also increased in the calcified radial artery.

CONCLUSIONS

The levels of AIF-1, PTH, VDR, FGF23 and sKlotho in serum were associated with calcification of the radial artery in patients with uremia. Furthermore, calcification of the radial artery was further aggravated by abnormalities in calcium and phosphorus in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Correlation between vitamin D metabolic pathway-related gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease

Vitamin D plays important roles in various physiological processes such as cardiovascular health, calcium balance regulation, bone health, immune system support, neurological function regulation, muscle function maintenance, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, maintaining its adequate levels is essential for overall health. Genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolic pathways have become a key factor affecting the susceptibility and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This article reviews the relationship between gene polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolic pathways and vitamin D levels or CVD. It is emphasized that the polymorphisms of key genes such as GC, VDR, CYP2R1, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 are related to the pathogenesis of CVD. These polymorphisms can regulate serum levels of vitamin D, thereby affecting the susceptibility, comorbidities and clinical manifestations of CVD. Despite the progress made, there are still inconsistencies and gaps in the literature. Thus, it is necessary to conduct large-scale, multicenter studies to verify these findings and deepen our understanding of the intricate interactions between gene polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolic pathways and CVD.

The potential role of vitamin D binding protein in kidney disease: a comprehensive review

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health concern with a complex etiological landscape. Among the numerous factors implicated, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) has emerged as a focal point of scientific studies because of its critical role in vitamin D metabolism and immune modulation. The relationship between VDBP and CKD reveals a complex web of molecular and biochemical details that have great potential for improving diagnostic understanding and treatment strategies for CKD. This review summarizes the multifaceted roles of VDBP, including its molecular dynamics, interactions with vitamin D, and subsequent implications for kidney function. The main focus of the discussion is how VDBP affects bone mineral homeostasis, highlighted by the dysregulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, which is a part of the pathophysiology of CKD. The discussion also touches on the immunomodulatory scope of VDBP and how it may reduce the chronic inflammatory environment that accompanies CKD. The diagnostic potential of VDBP as a biomarker for CKD has been rigorously examined, highlighting its capacity to improve early detection and prognostic assessment. Modification of VDBP activity has the potential to slow the course of CKD and improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, a detailed examination of the genetic polymorphisms of VDBP and their implications for CKD susceptibility and treatment responsiveness provides a perspective for personalized medical methods. Prospects for the future depend on the expansion of studies that try to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the VDBP-CKD interaction, in addition to clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of VDBP-focused treatment approaches.

Association of vitamin D-binding protein polymorphisms and serum 25(OH)D concentration varies among Chinese healthy infants of different VDR-FokI genotypes: A multi-centre cross-sectional study

Hypovitaminosis D during infancy is associated with the development of chronic diseases and poor health later in life. While the effect of environmental factors on vitamin D concentration has been extensively explored, this study aimed to explore the effect of genetic factors on vitamin D concentration among Chinese infants. We conducted a multi-centre cross-sectional study in Hong Kong from July 2019 to May 2021. A candidate genetic approach was adopted to study four selected genetic variants of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs4588, rs7041, rs2282679 and rs2228570) to examine their associations with measured serum 25(OH)D concentration. A total of 378 Chinese infants aged 2-12 months were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the infants to measure serum 25(OH)D concentration and extract DNA. Results showed that rs7041T and rs2282679C were significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D concentration. Further analysis of the DBP variants revealed that the GC1F allele was significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration and identified as the risk DBP isoform in infants. While our results revealed that there is no direct association between VDR-FokI genotype and serum 25(OH)D concentration, a VDR-FokI genotype-specific pattern was observed in the association between DBP isoforms and serum 25(OH)D concentration. Specifically, significant associations were observed in the DBP genotypes GC1F/F, GC1F/2 and GC1S/2 among VDR-FokI TT/TC carriers, but not in VDR-FokI CC carriers. Our findings lay down the basis for the potential of genetic screening to identify high risk of hypovitaminosis D in Chinese infants.

The Role of Polymorphism in the Endothelial Homeostasis and Vitamin D Metabolism Genes in the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The maintenance of endothelial homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism play an important role in CAD pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the association of endothelial homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism gene polymorphism with CAD severity. A total of 224 low-risk patients (SYNTAX score ≤ 31) and 36 high-risk patients (SYNTAX score > 31) were recruited for this study. The serum level of E-, L- and P-selectins; endothelin; eNOS; 25OH; and 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Polymorphic variants in SELE, SELP, SELPLG, END1, NOS3, VDR and GC were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found no differences in the serum levels of the studied markers between high- and low-risk patients. Three polymorphic variants associated with CAD severity were discovered: END1 rs3087459, END1 rs5370 and GC rs2298849 in the log-additive model. Moreover, we discovered a significantly decreased serum level of 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D in high-risk CAD patients with the A/A-A/G genotypes of the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene, the A/A genotype of the rs7041 polymorphism of the GC gene and the A/A genotype of the rs2298849 polymorphism of the GC gene.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Metabolic Pathway and Their Relationship with High Blood Pressure Risk

High blood pressure (HBP) is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality worldwide. The progression of the disease leads to structural and/or functional alterations in various organs and increases cardiovascular risk. Currently, there are significant deficiencies in its diagnosis, treatment, and control. Vitamin D is characterized by its functional versatility and its involvement in countless physiological processes. This has led to the association of vitamin D with many chronic diseases, including HBP and CVD, due to its involvement in the regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the vitamin D metabolic pathway on the risk of developing HBP. An observational case-control study was performed, including 250 patients diagnosed with HBP and 500 controls from the south of Spain (Caucasians). Genetic polymorphisms in CYP27B1 (rs4646536, rs3782130, rs703842, and rs10877012), CYP2R1 rs10741657, GC rs7041, CYP24A1 (rs6068816, and rs4809957), and VDR (BsmI, Cdx2, FokI, ApaI, and TaqI) were analyzed by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for body mass index (BMI), dyslipidemia, and diabetes, showed that in the genotypic model, carriers of the GC rs7041 TT genotype were associated with a lower risk of developing HBP than the GG genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41-0.77, p = 0.005, TT vs. GG). In the dominant model, this association was maintained; carriers of the T allele showed a lower risk of developing HBP than carriers of the GG genotype (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.47-1.03; TT + TG vs. GG, p = 0.010). Finally, in the additive model, consistent with previous models, the T allele was associated with a lower risk of developing HBP than the G allele (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.40-0.87, p = 0.003, T vs. G). Haplotype analysis revealed that GACATG haplotypes for SNPs rs1544410, rs7975232, rs731236, rs4646536, rs703842, and rs10877012 were associated with a marginally significant lower risk of developing HBP (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12-1.02, p = 0.054). Several studies suggest that GC 7041 is associated with a lower active isoform of the vitamin D binding protein. In conclusion, the rs7041 polymorphism located in the GC gene was significantly associated with a lower risk of developing HBP. This polymorphism could therefore act as a substantial predictive biomarker of the disease.

Four common vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and coronary artery disease susceptibility: A trial sequential analysis

Background

Studies on the susceptibility of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms to coronary artery disease (CAD) reached controversial results. We performed this study for a more accurate evaluation between the VDR polymorphisms and CAD susceptibility.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP databases were searched. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to evaluate the associations. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was introduced to estimate the positive associations. The potential functions of the VDR polymorphisms were analyzed based on the SNPinfo and ENSEMBL databases.

Results

Thirteen studies were finally included. In the overall analysis, increased CAD risks were observed in the VDR rs1544410 polymorphism and verified by the TSA; for the rs2228570 and rs731236 polymorphisms, significant associations with high heterogeneity were detected; decreased risk was remarkably observed for the rs7975232 polymorphism. In the subgroup analysis, wide associations with reduced heterogeneity were observed in the rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs731236 polymorphisms. The RNAfold analysis indicated the mutant G allele of the rs1544410 polymorphism was easier to disperse from the DNA double helix structure and may have a potential crucial role in the VDR transcription process.

Conclusions

Our analysis supports the role of the rs1544410 polymorphism in the VDR gene as a risk factor for CAD. The VDR rs2228570 and rs731236 polymorphisms were associated with increased CAD risks in the White population. Restrict decreased CAD risk was firstly discovered in the rs7975232 polymorphism.

Limitations

Firstly, the language was restricted to English and Chinese, which will cause the limited number of studies included; secondly, other unknown polymorphisms in VDR polymorphisms could also be associated the CAD susceptibility, and more case-control studies with comprehensive clinical outcomes and GWAS studies were required; thirdly, the rs1544410, rs7975232 and rs731236 polymorphism are in strong LD, haploid factors with CAD risk need to be considered; fourthly, the mechanisms of the VDR polymorphism on the VDR gene or RNA or protein were not discussed enough, further mechanistic studies are required; at last, genetic factor was the one side for CAD susceptibility, the interaction between environmental risk factors should be considered.

Study of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in a cohort of myocardial infarction patients with coronary artery disease

Background

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery diseases (CAD). As vitamin D manifests its biological function through its vitamin D receptor (VDR), VDR gene polymorphisms potentially affect VDR functionality and vitamin D activity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze three well-studied VDR gene polymorphisms—Fok1 (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410) and Taq1 (rs731236)—in a cohort of CAD patients after acute myocardial infarction.

Methods

In the presented cross-sectional study, 155 participants with CAD after acute myocardial infarction and 104 participants in a control group without CAD were enrolled. The participants in both groups were Caucasians of European origin. The genotyping of VDR polymorphisms rs2228570, rs1544410 and rs731236 was assessed by RT-PCR.

Results

The results show an association between the T/T genotype of the BsmI (rs1544410) and the G/G genotype of the Taq1 (rs731236) VDR polymorphism and CAD patients after acute myocardial infarction. There was no association between the Fok1 (rs2228570) VDR polymorphism and CAD patients after acute myocardial infarction.

Conclusion

The presented results suggest a potential association of the BsmI (rs1544410) and Taq1 (rs731236) VDR polymorphisms with CAD patients after myocardial infarction.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-01959-x.

Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Several studies have noted that vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are involved in the susceptibility to Coronary artery disease (CAD). Nonetheless, the results have been inconclusive. Here, we performed the most up-to-date analysis of the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and risk of CAD. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search in the major electronic database, including Scopus and PubMed to look up for relevant studies evaluating the association between the VDR gene FokI (rs2228570), TaqI (rs731236), BsmI (rs1544410), and ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphisms and susceptibility to CAD published before December 2019. The level of association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to CAD in the polled analysis was calculated by odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). We found 14 articles containing 20,398 cases and 9371 controls. The analysis revealed that all genetic models in the FokI SNP were associated with increased risk of CAD. Furthermore, for the ApaI SNP, except recessive model, all other genetic models significantly increased the risk of CAD in the overall analysis. In addition, it was divulged that both FokI and ApaI SNPs were involved in increasing the risk of CAD in Asians and Europeans in a number of models. FokI and ApaI polymorphisms may confer a susceptibility genetic risk factor for development of CAD, particularly in the Asian population.

Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) and Its Gene Polymorphisms-The Risk of Malignant Tumors and Other Diseases

Vitamin D is an important component of the endocrine system that controls calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. Because of the very short half-life of free serum vitamin D it is stabilized and transported to target tissues by being bound to the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). The most common polymorphisms: rs4588 and rs7041 in the vitamin D binding protein gene may correlate with differences in vitamin D status in the serum. This review presents data that relate to the presence of genetic variants in the VDBP gene in correlation with certain diseases, mostly concerning cancers (breast, prostate, pancreatic, lung, colorectal, basal cell carcinoma cancer and cutaneous melanoma) or other related diseases (thyroid autoimmunity disorders, obesity, diabetes mellitus, bone metabolism, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis and coronary artery diseases).