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Lian X, Cheng Y, Kang H. New insights of acylation stimulating protein in modulating the pathological progression of metabolic syndromes. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112018. [PMID: 38588630 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and coronary artery diseases which are grouped as metabolic syndrome. Rather than being a storage for energy, the adipocytes could synthesis and secret diverse hormones and molecules, named as adipokines. Under obese status, the adipocytes are dysfunctional with excessively producing the inflammatory related cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Concerning on the vital role of adipokines, it is proposed that one of the critical pathological factors of obesity is the dysfunctional adipocytic pathways. Among these adipokines, acylation stimulating protein, as an adipokine synthesized by adipocytes during the process of cell differentiation, is shown to activate the metabolism of triglyceride (TG) by regulating the catabolism of glucose and free fatty acid (FFA). Recent attention has paid to explore the underlying mechanism whereby acylation stimulating protein influences the biological function of adipocyte and the pathological development of obesity. In the present review, we summarized the progression of acylation stimulating protein in modulating the physiological and hormonal catabolism which affects fat distribution. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms which acylation stimulating protein regulates the metabolism of adipose tissue and the process of metabolic syndrome were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lian
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiyuan Kang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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2
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Lal H, Verma SK, Wang Y, Xie M, Young ME. Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Metabolism. Circ Res 2024; 134:635-658. [PMID: 38484029 PMCID: PMC10947116 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Energetic demand and nutrient supply fluctuate as a function of time-of-day, in alignment with sleep-wake and fasting-feeding cycles. These daily rhythms are mirrored by 24-hour oscillations in numerous cardiovascular functional parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility. It is, therefore, not surprising that metabolic processes also fluctuate over the course of the day, to ensure temporal needs for ATP, building blocks, and metabolism-based signaling molecules are met. What has become increasingly clear is that in addition to classic signal-response coupling (termed reactionary mechanisms), cardiovascular-relevant cells use autonomous circadian clocks to temporally orchestrate metabolic pathways in preparation for predicted stimuli/stresses (termed anticipatory mechanisms). Here, we review current knowledge regarding circadian regulation of metabolism, how metabolic rhythms are synchronized with cardiovascular function, and whether circadian misalignment/disruption of metabolic processes contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Hu Y, Bao J, Gao Z, Ye L, Wang L. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Protein 2 Inhibitors: Novel Application for the Treatment of Obesity-Associated Hypertension. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:407-415. [PMID: 38292009 PMCID: PMC10826576 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s446904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent in China and worldwide and is closely related to the development of hypertension. The pathophysiology of obesity-associated hypertension is complex, including an overactive sympathetic nervous system (SNS), activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, renal dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and endothelial function, which complicates treatment. Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, novel hypoglycemic agents, have been shown to reduce body weight and blood pressure and may serve as potential novel agents for the treatment of obesity-associated hypertension. This review discusses the beneficial mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors for the treatment of obesity-associated hypertension. SGLT-2 inhibitors can inhibit SNS activity, reduce RAAS activation, ameliorate insulin resistance, reduce leptin secretion, improve renal function, and inhibit inflammatory responses. SGLT-2 inhibitors can, therefore, simultaneously target multiple mechanisms of obesity-associated hypertension and may serve as an effective treatment for obesity-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Bao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Boutari C, DeMarsilis A, Mantzoros CS. Obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110773. [PMID: 37356727 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, which has currently reached pandemic dimensions, is usually accompanied by diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). These two conditions share common pathophysiological mechanisms. Adipose tissue secretes cytokines which are involved in inflammation and various endocrine functions. As for T2DM, it is characterized also by inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hyperinsulinemia. These conditions occur also in other diseases related to obesity and T2DM, like cardiovascular disease (CVD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, management of obesity-related complications with lifestyle modification, anti-obesity drugs, and bariatric surgery, all contribute to improvement in any of these conditions. This review provides an overview of the literature addressing the association between obesity and T2DM, briefly discussing the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these conditions and outlining the management approach at the overlap of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Boutari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antea DeMarsilis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Huang Z, Tan Y. The Potential of Cylindromatosis (CYLD) as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathologies: A Comprehensive Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098368. [PMID: 37176077 PMCID: PMC10179184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) arises as a consequence of an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the capacity of antioxidant defense mechanisms to neutralize them. Excessive ROS production can lead to the damage of critical biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, ultimately contributing to the onset and progression of a multitude of diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Cylindromatosis (CYLD), initially identified as a gene linked to familial cylindromatosis, has a well-established and increasingly well-characterized function in tumor inhibition and anti-inflammatory processes. Nevertheless, burgeoning evidence suggests that CYLD, as a conserved deubiquitination enzyme, also plays a pivotal role in various key signaling pathways and is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases driven by oxidative stress. In this review, we systematically examine the current research on the function and pathogenesis of CYLD in diseases instigated by oxidative stress. Therapeutic interventions targeting CYLD may hold significant promise for the treatment and management of oxidative stress-induced human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Huang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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Dehzad MJ, Ghalandari H, Nouri M, Askarpour M. Effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on obesity indices and adipokines in adults: A grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1703-1728. [PMID: 36882287 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the effect of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on anthropometric indices of obesity, leptin, and adiponectin. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to August 2022. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of curcumin/turmeric on obesity indices and adipokines were included. We applied the Cochrane quality assessment tool to evaluate the risk of bias. The registration number is CRD42022350946. Sixty eligible RCTs, with a total sample size of 3691 individuals were included for quantitative analysis. We found that supplementation with curcumin/turmeric significantly reduced body weight (WMD: -0.82 kg, 95% CI: -1.30, -0.35; p = 0.001), body mass index (WMD: -0.30 kg/m2 , 95% CI: -0.53, -0.06, p = 0.013), waist circumference (WMD: -1.31 cm, 95% CI: -1.94, -0.69, p < 0.001), body fat percentage (WMD: -0.88%, 95% CI: -1.51, -0.25, p = 0.007), leptin (WMD = -4.46 ng/mL; 95% CI: -6.70, -2.21, p < 0.001), and increased adiponectin (WMD = 2.48 μg/mL; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.62, p < 0.001). Overall, our study shows that supplementation with curcumin/turmeric significantly improves anthropometric indices of obesity and adiposity-related adipokines (leptin and adiponectin). However, due to high between-studies heterogeneity, we should interpret the results with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Dehzad
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kirichenko TV, Markina YV, Bogatyreva AI, Tolstik TV, Varaeva YR, Starodubova AV. The Role of Adipokines in Inflammatory Mechanisms of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314982. [PMID: 36499312 PMCID: PMC9740598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are currently widely studied cellular signaling proteins produced by adipose tissue and involved in various processes, including inflammation; energy and appetite modulation; lipid and glucose metabolism; insulin sensitivity; endothelial cell functioning; angiogenesis; the regulation of blood pressure; and hemostasis. The current review attempted to highlight the key functions of adipokines in the inflammatory mechanisms of obesity, its complications, and its associated diseases. An extensive search for materials on the role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of obesity was conducted online using the PubMed and Scopus databases until October 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Markina
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Yurgita R. Varaeva
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
- Medical Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Kajikawa M, Higashi Y. Obesity and Endothelial Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071745. [PMID: 35885049 PMCID: PMC9313026 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem and is related to increasing rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Over 1.9 billion adults are overweight or obese worldwide and the prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity influences endothelial function through obesity-related complications such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The excess fat accumulation in obesity causes adipocyte dysfunction and induces oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and inflammation leading to endothelial dysfunction. Several anthropometric indices and imaging modalities that are used to evaluate obesity have demonstrated an association between obesity and endothelial function. In the past few decades, there has been great focus on the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction caused by obesity for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events. This review focuses on pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic targets of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5831
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9
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Dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among Brazilians: a population based study in Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Nutrition 2022; 98:111626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Xia J, Yu P, Zeng Z, Ma M, Yan X, Zhao J, Gong D, Zhang G, Wang J. Medium chain triglycerides improve lipid metabolism in obese rats by increasing the browning of adipose tissue through the sympathetic regulation. Food Funct 2022; 13:8068-8080. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mechanism of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) promoting the browning of adipose tissue. High fat diet was fed to the Sprague-Dawley rats to induce obesity,...
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Metabolically unhealthy and overweight phenotypes are associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, in a population-based study. Nutrition 2022; 96:111590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Relationship between Serum Kallistatin and Afamin and Anthropometric Factors Associated with Obesity and of Being Overweight in Patients after Myocardial Infarction and without Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245792. [PMID: 34945088 PMCID: PMC8708718 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive clinical and epidemiological evidence has linked obesity to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary disease, heart failure, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. In addition, increasing knowledge of regulatory peptides has allowed an assessment of their role in various non-communicable diseases, including CVD. The study assessed the concentration of kallistatin and afamin in the blood serum of patients after a myocardial infarction and without a cardiovascular event, and determined the relationship between the concentration of kallistatin and afamin and the anthropometric indicators of being overweight and of obesity in these groups. Serum kallistatin and afamin were quantified by ELISA tests in a cross-sectional study of 160 patients who were divided into two groups: study group (SG) (n = 80) and another with no cardiovascular event (CG) (n = 80). Serum kallistatin concentration was significantly higher in the SG (p < 0.001), while the level of afamin was significantly lower in this group (p < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was observed in the SG between the afamin concentration and the waist to hip ratio (WHR), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and the triglyceride glucose index (TyG index). In the CG, the concentration of kallistatin positively correlated with the LAP and TyG index, while the concentration of afamin positively correlated with all the examined parameters: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist to hip ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), LAP and TyG index. Serum kallistatin and afamin concentrations are associated with the anthropometric parameters related to being overweight and to obesity, especially to those describing the visceral distribution of adipose tissue and metabolic disorders related to excessive fatness.
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Chen YY, Hong H, Lei YT, Zou J, Yang YY, He LY. IκB kinase promotes Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation by phosphorylating cylindromatosis, aggravating oxidative stress injury in obesity-related nephropathy. Mol Med 2021; 27:137. [PMID: 34711178 PMCID: PMC8555227 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-related nephropathy (ORN) has become one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease and has tripled over the past decade. Previous studies have demonstrated that decreased reactive oxygen species production may contribute to improving ORN by ameliorating oxidative stress injury. Here, IκB kinase (IKK) was hypothesized to inactivate the deubiquitination activity of cylindromatosis (CYLD) by activating the phosphorylation of CYLD, thus promoting the ubiquitination of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and further aggravating oxidative stress injury of the kidney in ORN. This study was aimed to confirm this hypothesis. METHODS Haematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Oil Red O staining were performed to assess histopathology. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX assessments were performed to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, qRT-PCR and/or western blotting were performed to assess the expression of related genes. JC-1 assays were used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of treated HK-2 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments (Co-IP) were used to analyse the interaction between CYLD and Nrf2 in ORN. RESULTS ORN in vivo and in vitro models were successfully constructed, and oxidative stress injury was detected in the model tissues and cells. Compared with the control groups, the phosphorylation level of CYLD increased while Nrf2 levels decreased in ORN model cells. An IKK inhibitor reduced lipid deposition, ROS production, CYLD phosphorylation levels and ΔΨm in vitro, which were reversed by knockdown of CYLD. Nrf2 directly bound to CYLD and was ubiquitinated in ORN cells. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 activated the Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway, thereby reversing the promoting effect of CYLD knockdown on oxidative stress. CONCLUSION IKK inactivates the deubiquitination activity of CYLD by activating the phosphorylation of CYLD, thus promoting the ubiquitination of Nrf2 and further aggravating oxidative stress injury of the kidney in ORN. This observation provided a feasible basis for the treatment of kidney damage caused by ORN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ya Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 people's Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Programming of Cardiovascular Dysfunction by Postnatal Overfeeding in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249427. [PMID: 33322275 PMCID: PMC7763005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional environment in the perinatal period has a great influence on health and diseases in adulthood. In rodents, litter size reduction reproduces the effects of postnatal overnutrition in infants and reveals that postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) not only permanently increases body weight but also affects the cardiovascular function in the short- and long-term. In addition to increased adiposity, the metabolic status of PNOF rodents is altered, with increased plasma insulin and leptin levels, associated with resistance to these hormones, changed profiles and levels of circulating lipids. PNOF animals present elevated arterial blood pressure with altered vascular responsiveness to vasoactive substances. The hearts of overfed rodents exhibit hypertrophy and elevated collagen content. PNOF also induces a disturbance of cardiac mitochondrial respiration and produces an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. A modification of the expression of crucial genes and epigenetic alterations is reported in hearts of PNOF animals. In vivo, a decreased ventricular contractile function is observed during adulthood in PNOF hearts. All these alterations ultimately lead to an increased sensitivity to cardiac pathologic challenges such as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, caloric restriction and physical exercise were shown to improve PNOF-induced cardiac dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, drawing a path to the potential therapeutic correction of early nutritional programming.
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15
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Senesi P, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218372. [PMID: 33171610 PMCID: PMC7664629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial role in obesity and above all in cardiac diseases associated with obesity. In particular, the interaction between adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines is mainly involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage characterized obesity condition. Identifying new therapeutic agents or treatment having a positive action on the expression of these molecules could have a key positive effect on the management of obesity and its cardiac complications. Results from recent studies indicate that several nutritional interventions, including nutraceutical supplements, could represent new therapeutic agents on the adipo-myo-cardiokines network. This review focuses the biological action on the main adipokines, myokines and cardiokines involved in obesity and cardiovascular diseases and describe the principal nutraceutical approaches able to regulate leptin, adiponectin, apelin, irisin, natriuretic peptides, and follistatin-like 1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Lorenzo O, Crespo-Yanguas M, Hang T, Lumpuy-Castillo J, Hernández AM, Llavero C, García-Alonso ML, Ruiz-Tovar J. Addition of Probiotics to Anti-Obesity Therapy by Percutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Dermatome T6. A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7239. [PMID: 33023060 PMCID: PMC7579484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a pandemic and percutaneous electrical stimulation (PENS) of dermatome T6 has been demonstrated to reduce stomach motility and appetite, allowing greater weight loss than isolated hypocaloric diets. However, modulation of intestinal microbiota could improve this effect and control cardiovascular risk factors. Our objective was to test whether addition of probiotics could improve weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in obese subjects after PENS and a hypocaloric diet. A pilot prospective study was performed in patients (n = 20) with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. Half of them underwent ten weeks of PENS in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet (PENS-Diet), and the other half was treated with a PENS-Diet plus multistrain probiotics (L. plantarum LP115, B. brevis B3, and L. acidophilus LA14) administration. Fecal samples were obtained before and after interventions. The weight loss and changes in blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile, and in gut microbiota were investigated. Weight loss was significantly higher (16.2 vs. 11.1 kg, p = 0.022), whereas glycated hemoglobin and triglycerides were lower (-0.46 vs. -0.05%, p = 0.032, and -47.0 vs. -8.5 mg/dL, p = 0.002, respectively) in patients receiving PENS-Diet + probiotics compared with those with a PENS-Diet. Moreover, an enrichment of anti-obesogenic bacteria, including Bifidobacterium spp, Akkermansia spp, Prevotella spp, and the attenuation of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were noted in fecal samples after probiotics administration. In obese patients, the addition of probiotics to a PENS intervention under a hypocaloric diet could further improve weight loss and glycemic and lipid profile in parallel to the amelioration of gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo-Yanguas
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Tianyu Hang
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Jairo Lumpuy-Castillo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Artur M. Hernández
- Department of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón-Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carolina Llavero
- Obesity Unit, Clinica Garcilaso, 28010 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (J.R.-T.)
| | - MLuisa García-Alonso
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Jaime Ruiz-Tovar
- Obesity Unit, Clinica Garcilaso, 28010 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (J.R.-T.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Mostoles-Madrid, Spain
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