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Jia M, Guo X, Liu R, Sun L, Wang Q, Wu J. Overexpress miR-132 in the Brain Parenchyma by a Non-invasive Way Improves Tissue Repairment and Releases Memory Impairment After Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:5. [PMID: 38104297 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem worldwide, which could lead to an extremely high percentage of mortality and disability. Current treatment strategies mainly concentrate on neuronal protection and reconstruction, among them, exogenous neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has long been regarded as the most effective curative treatment. However, due to secondary trauma, transplant rejection, and increased incidence of brain malignant tumor, a non-invasive therapy that enhanced endogenous neurogenesis was more suitable for TBI treatment. Our previous work has shown that miR-132 overexpression could improve neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro and in vivo. So, we engineered a new kind of AAV vector named AAV-PHP.eB which can transfect brain parenchyma through intravenous injection to overexpress miR-132 in brain after TBI. We found that miR-132 overexpression could reduce impact volume, promote neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG), accelerate neuroblast migrating into the impact cortex, ameliorate microglia-mediated inflammatory reaction, and ultimately restore learning memory function. Our results revealed that AAV-PHP.eB-based miR-132 overexpression could improve endogenous tissue repairment and release clinical symptoms after traumatic brain injury. This work would provide a new therapeutic strategy for TBI treatment and other neurological disorders characterized by markable neuronal loss and memory impairment. miR-132 overexpression accelerates endogenous neurogenesis and releases TBI-induced tissue repairment and memory impairment. Controlled cortical impact onto the cortex would induce serious cortical injury and microglia accumulation in both cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, endogenous neuroblast could migrate around the injury core. miR-132 overexpression could accelerate neuroblast migration toward the injury core and decreased microglia accumulation in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus. miR-132 could be a suitable target on neuroprotective therapy after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jia
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Zamproni LN, Mundim MTVV, Porcionatto MA. Neurorepair and Regeneration of the Brain: A Decade of Bioscaffolds and Engineered Microtissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649891. [PMID: 33898443 PMCID: PMC8058361 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Repairing the human brain remains a challenge, despite the advances in the knowledge of inflammatory response to injuries and the discovery of adult neurogenesis. After brain injury, the hostile microenvironment and the lack of structural support for neural cell repopulation, anchoring, and synapse formation reduce successful repair chances. In the past decade, we witnessed the rise of studies regarding bioscaffolds’ use as support for neuro repair. A variety of natural and synthetic materials is available and have been used to replace damaged tissue. Bioscaffolds can assume different shapes and may or may not carry a diversity of content, such as stem cells, growth factors, exosomes, and si/miRNA that promote specific therapeutic effects and stimulate brain repair. The use of these external bioscaffolds and the creation of cell platforms provide the basis for tissue engineering. More recently, researchers were able to engineer brain organoids, neural networks, and even 3D printed neural tissue. The challenge in neural tissue engineering remains in the fabrication of scaffolds with precisely controlled topography and biochemical cues capable of directing and controlling neuronal cell fate. The purpose of this review is to highlight the existing research in the growing field of bioscaffolds’ development and neural tissue engineering. Moreover, this review also draws attention to emerging possibilities and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Zamproni
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara T V V Mundim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marimelia A Porcionatto
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Eshraghi M, Adlimoghaddam A, Mahmoodzadeh A, Sharifzad F, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Lorzadeh S, Albensi BC, Ghavami S. Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: Role of Autophagy and Mitophagy Focusing in Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3330. [PMID: 33805142 PMCID: PMC8036323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurological disorder, and currently, there is no cure for it. Several pathologic alterations have been described in the brain of AD patients, but the ultimate causative mechanisms of AD are still elusive. The classic hallmarks of AD, including amyloid plaques (Aβ) and tau tangles (tau), are the most studied features of AD. Unfortunately, all the efforts targeting these pathologies have failed to show the desired efficacy in AD patients so far. Neuroinflammation and impaired autophagy are two other main known pathologies in AD. It has been reported that these pathologies exist in AD brain long before the emergence of any clinical manifestation of AD. Microglia are the main inflammatory cells in the brain and are considered by many researchers as the next hope for finding a viable therapeutic target in AD. Interestingly, it appears that the autophagy and mitophagy are also changed in these cells in AD. Inside the cells, autophagy and inflammation interact in a bidirectional manner. In the current review, we briefly discussed an overview on autophagy and mitophagy in AD and then provided a comprehensive discussion on the role of these pathways in microglia and their involvement in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (A.A.); (B.C.A.)
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (A.A.); (B.C.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
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Gong W, Martin TA, Sanders AJ, Jiang A, Sun P, Jiang WG. Location, function and role of stromal cell‑derived factors and possible implications in cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:435-443. [PMID: 33416125 PMCID: PMC7797432 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in therapy and management, cancer represents and remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although genetics serve an important role in tumorigenesis and tumour progression, the tumour microenvironment (TME) in solid tumours is also important and has been indicated to contribute to these processes. Stromal cell‑derived factors (SDFs) represent an important family within the TME. The family includes SDF‑1, SDF‑2, SDF2‑like 1 (SDF2L1), SDF‑3, SDF‑4 and SDF‑5. SDF‑1 has been demonstrated to act as a positive regulator in a number of types of tumour, such as oesophago‑gastric, pancreatic, lung, breast, colorectal and ovarian cancer, while the biology and functions of other members of the SDF family, including SDF‑2, SDF2L1, SDF‑4 and SDF‑5, in cancer are different, complex and controversial, and remain mainly unknown. Full identification and understanding of the SDFs across multiple types of cancer is required to elucidate their function and establish potential key targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China,Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Tracey A. Martin
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew J. Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aihua Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK,Correspondence to: Professor Wen G. Jiang, Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK, E-mail:
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5
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Shi Y, Riese DJ, Shen J. The Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 Chemokine Axis in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:574667. [PMID: 33363463 PMCID: PMC7753359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.574667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small, secreted cytokines which regulate a variety of cell functions. The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) binds to C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). The interaction of CXCL12 and its receptors subsequently induces downstream signaling pathways with broad effects on chemotaxis, cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression. Accumulating evidence suggests that the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis plays a pivotal role in tumor development, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. In addition, this chemokine axis promotes chemoresistance in cancer therapy via complex crosstalk with other pathways. Multiple small molecules targeting CXCR4/CXCR7 have been developed and used for preclinical and clinical cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in cancer progression and summarize strategies to develop novel targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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6
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Andrés-Benito P, Povedano M, Domínguez R, Marco C, Colomina MJ, López-Pérez Ó, Santana I, Baldeiras I, Martínez-Yelámos S, Zerr I, Llorens F, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Ferrer I. Increased C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Candidate Biomarker in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228680. [PMID: 33213069 PMCID: PMC7698527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons. Biomarkers are useful to facilitate the diagnosis and/or prognosis of patients and to reveal possible mechanistic clues about the disease. This study aimed to identify and validate selected putative biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of sALS patients at early disease stages compared with age-matched controls and with other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer disease (AD), spinal muscular atrophy type III (SMA), frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant (FTD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). SWATH acquisition on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for protein quantitation, and ELISA for validation, were used in CSF samples of sALS cases at early stages of the disease. Analysis of mRNA and protein expression was carried out in the anterior horn of the lumbar spinal cord in post-mortem tissue of sALS cases (terminal stage) and controls using RTq-PCR, and Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. SWATH acquisition on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed 51 differentially expressed proteins in the CSF in sALS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed CXCL12 to be the most valuable candidate biomarker. We validated the values of CXCL12 in CSF with ELISA in two different cohorts. Besides sALS, increased CXCL12 levels were found in MS but were not altered in AD, SMA, and FTD. Therefore, increased CXCL12 levels in the CSF can be useful in the diagnoses of MS and sALS in the context of the clinical settings. CXCL12 immunoreactivity was localized in motor neurons in control and sALS, and in a few glial cells in sALS at the terminal stage; CXCR4 was in a subset of oligodendroglial-like cells and axonal ballooning of motor neurons in sALS; and CXCR7 in motor neurons in control and sALS, and reactive astrocytes in the pyramidal tracts in terminal sALS. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in the spinal cord probably plays a complex role in inflammation, oligodendroglial and astrocyte signaling, and neuronal and axonal preservation in sALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.A.-B.); (I.F.); Tel./Fax: +34-94-403-5808 (P.A.-B. & I.F.)
| | - Mònica Povedano
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Carla Marco
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria J. Colomina
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Bellvitge University Hospital-University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Óscar López-Pérez
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, CHUC—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Neurology Department, CHUC—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Sergio Martínez-Yelámos
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Llorens
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.A.-B.); (I.F.); Tel./Fax: +34-94-403-5808 (P.A.-B. & I.F.)
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Alzu'bi A, Clowry GJ. Multiple Origins of Secretagogin Expressing Cortical GABAergic Neuron Precursors in the Early Human Fetal Telencephalon. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:61. [PMID: 32982702 PMCID: PMC7492523 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) which acts as a calcium signaling sensor, has previously been shown to be expressed by a substantial population of cortical GABAergic neurons at mid-gestation in humans but not in mice. The present study traced SCGN expression in cortical GABAergic neurons in human fetal forebrain from earlier stages than previously studied. Multiple potential origins of SCGN-expressing neurons were identified in the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) septum and preoptic area; these cells largely co-expressed SP8 but not the medial ganglionic eminence marker LHX6. They followed various migration routes to reach their target regions in the neocortex, insular and olfactory cortex (OC) and olfactory bulbs. A robust increase in the number of SCGN-expressing GABAergic cortical neurons was observed in the midgestational period; 58% of DLX2+ neurons expressed SCGN in the cortical wall at 19 post-conceptional weeks (PCW), a higher proportion than expressed calretinin, a marker for GABAergic neurons of LGE/CGE origin. Furthermore, although most SCGN+ neurons co-expressed calretinin in the cortical plate (CP) and deeper layers, in the marginal zone (MZ) SCGN+ and calretinin+ cells formed separate populations. In the adult mouse, it has previously been shown that in the rostral migratory stream (RMS), SCGN, annexin V (ANXA5), and matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) are co-expressed forming a functioning complex that exocytoses MMP2 in response to calcium. In the present study, ANXA5 showed widespread expression throughout the cortical wall, although MMP2 expression was very largely limited to the CP. We found co-expression of these proteins in some SCGN+ neurons in the subventricular zones (SVZ) suggesting a limited role for these cells in remodeling the extracellular matrix, perhaps during cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alzu'bi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Gavin J Clowry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Aljubran F, Graham A, Cui W, Nothnick WB. Increased CXCL12 expression in endometrium of women with abnormal uterine bleeding is post-transcriptionally mediated via miR-23b-3p and is associated with decreased expression of the miR-23b-3p/24-3p/27b-3p cluster: a pilot study. F&S SCIENCE 2020; 1:90-97. [PMID: 35559743 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and CXCR4 expression in endometrial tissue from both women with and without abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) of endometrial origin and evaluate their relationship with microRNA (miRNA). DESIGN Retrospective and laboratory study. SETTING University-based research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Nine women with and without abnormal uterine bleeding, all of whom were in the secretory stage of their menstrual cycle, who provided endometrial biopsy tissue. INTERVENTION(S) Immunohistochemical localization of CXCL12 and CXCR4 as well as quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assessment of mRNA expression in archived endometrial biopsy tissue and in vitro cell culture using the immortalized endometrial stromal cell line, t-HESC. Endometrial stromal cell line, t-HESC transfection with nontargeting, negative control miRNA mimics or miRNA mimics for miR-23b-3p and mRNA assessment miR-23b-3p expression confirmed by qRT-PCR and evaluation of impact on CXCL12 expression at the protein level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mRNA levels by qRT-PCR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 protein via immunohistochemistry and mRNA and miRNA levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 as well as miR-23b-3p, miR-24b-3p, and miR-27b-3p, respectively, via qRT-PCR. RESULT(S) CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 expression were up-regulated in the endometrial tissue of women with AUB at the protein level, but this up-regulation of expression was only associated with increased CXCR4 mRNA expression. To evaluate whether CXCL12 may be post-transcriptionally regulated, we assessed expression of miR-23b-3p, a bona fide post-transcriptional regulator of CXCL12 expression. The expression of miR-23b-3p was statistically significantly lower in AUB endometrial tissue, as were fellow cluster members miR-24-3p and miR-27-3p. Transfection of t-HESC cells with pre-miR-23b-3p mimics statistically significantly reduced the levels of CXCL12 secreted protein but not mRNA levels, suggesting that miR-23b-3p retards protein translation independent of transcript degradation. CONCLUSION(S) Reduced expression of the miR-23b-3p/24-3p/27b-3p cluster is associated with elevated expression of CXCL12, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of AUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Aljubran
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Amanda Graham
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Warren B Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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9
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Lee KL, Chen G, Chen TY, Kuo YC, Su YK. Effects of Cancer Stem Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Brain Metastasis: Challenges and Solutions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082122. [PMID: 32751846 PMCID: PMC7463650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher propensity of developing brain metastasis exists in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Upon comparing the metastatic patterns of all breast cancer subtypes, patients with TNBC exhibited increased risks of the brain being the initial metastatic site, early brain metastasis development, and shortest brain metastasis-related survival. Notably, the development of brain metastasis differs from that at other sites owing to the brain-unique microvasculature (blood brain barrier (BBB)) and intracerebral microenvironment. Studies of brain metastases from TNBC have revealed the poorest treatment response, mostly because of the relatively backward strategies to target vast disease heterogeneity and poor brain efficacy. Moreover, TNBC is highly associated with the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to circulating cancer cell survival before BBB extravasation, evasion from immune surveillance, and plasticity in adaptation to the brain-specific microenvironment. We summarized recent literature regarding molecules and pathways and reviewed the effects of CSC biology during the formation of brain metastasis in TNBC. Along with the concept of individualized cancer therapy, certain strategies, namely the patient-derived xenograft model to overcome the lack of treatment-relevant TNBC classification and techniques in BBB disruption to enhance brain efficacy has been proposed in the hope of achieving treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha-Liang Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Gao Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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10
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Zarco N, Norton E, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Overlapping migratory mechanisms between neural progenitor cells and brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3553-3570. [PMID: 31101934 PMCID: PMC6698208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic niche of the mammalian brain, are able to self-renew as well as generate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). NPCs are highly migratory and traverse the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they terminally differentiate into mature interneurons. NPCs from the SVZ are some of the few cells in the CNS that migrate long distances during adulthood. The migratory process of NPCs is highly regulated by intracellular pathway activation and signaling from the surrounding microenvironment. It involves modulation of cell volume, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and isolation from compact extracellular matrix. In malignant brain tumors including high-grade gliomas, there are cells called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with similar stem cell characteristics to NPCs but with uncontrolled cell proliferation and contribute to tumor initiation capacity, tumor progression, invasion, and tumor maintenance. These BTSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their presence is believed to lead to tumor recurrence at distal sites from the original tumor location, principally due to their high migratory capacity. BTSCs are able to invade the brain parenchyma by utilizing many of the migratory mechanisms used by NPCs. However, they have an increased ability to infiltrate the tight brain parenchyma and utilize brain structures such as myelin tracts and blood vessels as migratory paths. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of cellular migration that overlap between NPCs and BTSCs. A better understanding of the intersection between NPCs and BTSCs will to provide a better comprehension of the BTSCs' invasive capacity and the molecular mechanisms that govern their migration and eventually lead to the development of new therapies to improve the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cázares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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11
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Zibara K, Ballout N, Mondello S, Karnib N, Ramadan N, Omais S, Nabbouh A, Caliz D, Clavijo A, Hu Z, Ghanem N, Gajavelli S, Kobeissy F. Combination of drug and stem cells neurotherapy: Potential interventions in neurotrauma and traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:177-198. [PMID: 30267729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recognized as one of the major public health issues that leads to devastating neurological disability. As a consequence of primary and secondary injury phases, neuronal loss following brain trauma leads to pathophysiological alterations on the molecular and cellular levels that severely impact the neuropsycho-behavioral and motor outcomes. Thus, to mitigate the neuropathological sequelae post-TBI such as cerebral edema, inflammation and neural degeneration, several neurotherapeutic options have been investigated including drug intervention, stem cell use and combinational therapies. These treatments aim to ameliorate cellular degeneration, motor decline, cognitive and behavioral deficits. Recently, the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) coupled with selective drug therapy has emerged as an alternative treatment option for neural regeneration and behavioral rehabilitation post-neural injury. Given their neuroprotective abilities, NSC-based neurotherapy has been widely investigated and well-reported in numerous disease models, notably in trauma studies. In this review, we will elaborate on current updates in cell replacement therapy in the area of neurotrauma. In addition, we will discuss novel combination drug therapy treatments that have been investigated in conjunction with stem cells to overcome the limitations associated with stem cell transplantation. Understanding the regenerative capacities of stem cell and drug combination therapy will help improve functional recovery and brain repair post-TBI. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Zibara
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nissrine Ballout
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nabil Karnib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Naify Ramadan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (KBH), Division of Clinical Pediatrics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Saad Omais
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Nabbouh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Daniela Caliz
- Lois Pope LIFE Center, Neurosurgery, University of Miami, 33136, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angelica Clavijo
- Lois Pope LIFE Center, Neurosurgery, University of Miami, 33136, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhen Hu
- Lois Pope LIFE Center, Neurosurgery, University of Miami, 33136, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noël Ghanem
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- Lois Pope LIFE Center, Neurosurgery, University of Miami, 33136, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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12
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Hickey K, Stabenfeldt SE. Using biomaterials to modulate chemotactic signaling for central nervous system repair. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:044106. [PMID: 29411713 PMCID: PMC5991092 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaad82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis enables cellular communication and movement within the body. This review focuses on exploiting chemotaxis as a tool for repair of the central nervous system (CNS) damaged from injury and/or degenerative diseases. Chemokines and factors alone may initiate repair following CNS injury/disease, but exogenous administration may enhance repair and promote regeneration. This review will discuss critical chemotactic molecules and factors that may promote neural regeneration. Additionally, this review highlights how biomaterials can impact the presentation and delivery of chemokines and growth factors to alter the regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassondra Hickey
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
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13
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Yuan F, Chang S, Luo L, Li Y, Wang L, Song Y, Qu M, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Wang Y. cxcl12 gene engineered endothelial progenitor cells further improve the functions of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:222-231. [PMID: 29614310 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are needed for white matter repair after various brain injury. Means that promote OPC functions could benefit white matter recovery after injury. Chemokine CXCL12 and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) both have been shown to promote remyelination. We hypothesize that the beneficial effects of EPCs and CXCL12 can be harnessed by genetically modifying EPCs with cxcl12 to synergistically improve the functions of OPCs. In this work, CXCL12-EPC was generated using virus-mediated gene transfer. OPCs were cultured with CXCL12-EPC conditioned media (CM) to analyze its impact on the proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival properties of OPCs. We blocked or knocked-down the receptors of CXCL12, namely CXCR4 and CXCR7, respectively to investigate their functions in regulating OPCs properties. Results revealed that CXCL12-EPC CM further promoted OPCs behavioral properties and upregulated the expression of PDGFR-α, bFGF, CXCR4 and CXCR7 in OPCs, albeit following different time course. Blocking CXCR4 diminished the beneficial effects of CXCL12 on OPCs proliferation and migration, while knocking down CXCR7 inhibited OPCs differentiation. Our results supported that cxcl12 gene modification of EPCs further promoted EPCs' ability in augmenting the remyelination properties of OPCs, suggesting that CXCL12-EPC hold great potential in white matter repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Longlong Luo
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yaning Li
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaying Song
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Meijie Qu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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14
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George N, Geller HM. Extracellular matrix and traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:573-588. [PMID: 29344975 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in both the developing and adult brain by providing structural support and mediating cell-cell interactions. In this review, we focus on the major constituents of the ECM and how they function in both normal and injured brain, and summarize the changes in the composition of the ECM as well as how these changes either promote or inhibit recovery of function following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Modulation of ECM composition to facilitates neuronal survival, regeneration and axonal outgrowth is a potential therapeutic target for TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijil George
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1603, USA
| | - Herbert M Geller
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1603, USA
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15
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Meng W, Xue S, Chen Y. The role of CXCL12 in tumor microenvironment. Gene 2018; 641:105-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Shu T, Liu C, Pang M, Wang J, Liu B, Zhou W, Wang X, Wu T, Wang Q, Rong L. Effects and mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinase2 on neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Brain Res 2017; 1678:407-418. [PMID: 29137974 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess the potential to differentiate into neural lineage cells. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), an endopeptidase in the extracellular matrix, has been shown to protect neural cells from injury. However, the mechanisms and effects of MMP2 on neural differentiation of iPSCs remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated a role for MMP2 in the differentiation of iPSCs to neurons via the AKT pathway. Treatment of iPSCs with MMP2 promoted their proliferation and differentiation into neural stem cells (NSCs), and then into neurons. The transcript and protein expression of Nestin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) increased. Moreover, MMP2 markedly induced the expression of phospho-AKT (pAKT) during these differentiation stages. Consistently, silencing MMP2 using siRNA attenuated the expression of Nestin, MAP2 and pAKT, compared with the control group. In addition, the increasing levels of Nestin, MAP2 and pAKT in the MMP2 group were declined by pretreatment with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT inhibitor, LY294002. Furthermore, the study detected that TrkA and TrkB were perhaps the potential receptors for these effects of MMP2 on neural differentiation through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that MMP2 induces the differentiation of iPSCs into neurons by regulating the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Common Splendor International Health Management, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Qiyou Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
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17
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Nazari A, Khorramdelazad H, Hassanshahi G. Biological/pathological functions of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axes in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 22:991-1000. [PMID: 29022185 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is an important member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines, and has been extensively studied in various human body organs and systems, both in physiological and clinical states. Ligation of CXCL12 to CXCR4 and CXCR7 as its receptors on peripheral immune cells gives rise to pleiotropic activities. CXCL12 itself is a highly effective chemoattractant which conservatively attracts lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas there exists no evidence to show attraction for neutrophils. CXCL12 regulates inflammation, neo-vascularization, metastasis, and tumor growth, phenomena which are all pivotally involved in cancer development and further metastasis. Generation and secretion of CXCL12 by stromal cells facilitate attraction of cancer cells, acting through its cognate receptor, CXCR4, which is expressed by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tumor cells. CXCR4 stimulates tumor progression by different mechanisms and is required for metastatic spread to organs where CXCL12 is expressed, thereby allowing tumor cells to access cellular niches, such as the marrow, which favor tumor cell survival and proliferation. It has also been demonstrated that CXCL12 binds to another seven-transmembrane G-protein receptor or G-protein-coupled receptor, namely CXCR7. These studies indicated critical roles for CXCR4 and CXCR7 mediation of tumor metastasis in several types of cancers, suggesting their contributions as biomarkers of tumor behavior as well as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, CXCL12 itself has the capability to stimulate survival and growth of neoplastic cells in a paracrine fashion. CXCL12 is a supportive chemokine for tumor neovascularization via attracting endothelial cells to the tumor microenvironment. It has been suggested that elevated protein and mRNA levels of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 are associated with human bladder cancer (BC). Taken together, mounting evidence suggests a role for CXCR4, CXCR7, and their ligand CXCL12 during the genesis of BC and its further development. However, a better understanding is still required before exploring CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 targeting in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nazari
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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18
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Dutta D, Hickey K, Salifu M, Fauer C, Willingham C, Stabenfeldt SE. Spatiotemporal presentation of exogenous SDF-1 with PLGA nanoparticles modulates SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis in the rodent cortex. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1640-1651. [PMID: 28703822 PMCID: PMC5588897 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00489c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its key receptor CXCR4 have been implicated in directing cellular recruitment for several pathological/disease conditions thus also gained considerable attention for regenerative medicine. One regenerative approach includes sustained release of SDF-1 to stimulate prolonged stem cell recruitment. However, the impact of SDF-1 sustained release on the endogenous SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis is largely unknown as auto-regulatory mechanisms typically dictate cytokine/receptor signaling. We hypothesize that spatiotemporal presentation of exogenous SDF-1 is a key factor in achieving long-term manipulation of endogenous SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling. Here in the present study, we sought to probe our hypothesis using a transgenic mouse model to contrast the spatial activation of endogenous SDF-1 and CXCR4 in response to exogenous SDF-1 injected in bolus or controlled release (PLGA nanoparticles) form in the adult rodent cortex. Our data suggests that the manner of SDF-1 presentation significantly affected initial CXCR4 cellular activation/recruitment despite having similar protein payloads over the first 24 h (∼30 ng for both bolus and sustained release groups). Yet, one week post-injection, this response was negligible. Therefore, the transient nature CXCR4 recruitment/activation in response to bolus or controlled release SDF-1 indicated that cytokine/receptor auto-regulatory mechanisms may demand more complex release profiles (i.e. delayed and/or pulsed release) to achieve sustained cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dutta
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - K Hickey
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - M Salifu
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - C Fauer
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - C Willingham
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - S E Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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