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Kryvenko V, Vadász I. Alveolar-capillary endocytosis and trafficking in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360370. [PMID: 38533500 PMCID: PMC10963603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality but lacks specific therapeutic options. Diverse endocytic processes play a key role in all phases of acute lung injury (ALI), including the initial insult, development of respiratory failure due to alveolar flooding, as a consequence of altered alveolar-capillary barrier function, as well as in the resolution or deleterious remodeling after injury. In particular, clathrin-, caveolae-, endophilin- and glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein-mediated endocytosis, as well as, macropinocytosis and phagocytosis have been implicated in the setting of acute lung damage. This manuscript reviews our current understanding of these endocytic pathways and subsequent intracellular trafficking in various phases of ALI, and also aims to identify potential therapeutic targets for patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Kryvenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
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2
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Kryvenko V, Alberro-Brage A, Fysikopoulos A, Wessendorf M, Tello K, Morty RE, Herold S, Seeger W, Samakovlis C, Vadász I. Clathrin-Mediated Albumin Clearance in Alveolar Epithelial Cells of Murine Precision-Cut Lung Slices. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032644. [PMID: 36768968 PMCID: PMC9916738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an accumulation of protein-rich alveolar edema that impairs gas exchange and leads to worse outcomes. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of alveolar albumin clearance is of high clinical relevance. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of the cellular albumin uptake in a three-dimensional culture of precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). We found that up to 60% of PCLS cells incorporated labeled albumin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, whereas virtually no uptake of labeled dextran was observed. Of note, at a low temperature (4 °C), saturating albumin receptors with unlabeled albumin and an inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis markedly decreased the endocytic uptake of the labeled protein, implicating a receptor-driven internalization process. Importantly, uptake rates of albumin were comparable in alveolar epithelial type I (ATI) and type II (ATII) cells, as assessed in PCLS from a SftpcCreERT2/+: tdTomatoflox/flox mouse strain (defined as EpCAM+CD31-CD45-tdTomatoSPC-T1α+ for ATI and EpCAM+CD31-CD45-tdTomatoSPC+T1α- for ATII cells). Once internalized, albumin was found in the early and recycling endosomes of the alveolar epithelium as well as in endothelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic cell populations, which might indicate transcytosis of the protein. In summary, we characterize albumin uptake in alveolar epithelial cells in the complex setting of PCLS. These findings may open new possibilities for pulmonary drug delivery that may improve the outcomes for patients with respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Kryvenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrés Alberro-Brage
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Athanasios Fysikopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Miriam Wessendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Khodr Tello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E. Morty
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christos Samakovlis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-985-42354; Fax: +49-641-985-42359
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Qin L, Cui Z, Wu Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Guan J, Mao S. Challenges and Strategies to Enhance the Systemic Absorption of Inhaled Peptides and Proteins. Pharm Res 2022; 40:1037-1055. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Laube M, Thome UH. Albumin Stimulates Epithelial Na + Transport and Barrier Integrity by Activating the PI3K/AKT/SGK1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158823. [PMID: 35955955 PMCID: PMC9368928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin is a major serum protein and is frequently used as a cell culture supplement. It is crucially involved in the regulation of osmotic pressure and distribution of fluid between different compartments. Alveolar epithelial Na+ transport drives alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), enabling air breathing. Whether or not albumin affects AFC and Na+ transport is yet unknown. We therefore determined the acute and chronic effects of albumin on Na+ transport in fetal distal lung epithelial (FDLE) cells and the involved kinase pathways. Chronic BSA treatment strongly increased epithelial Na+ transport and barrier integrity in Ussing chambers. BSA did not elevate mRNA expression of Na+ transporters in FDLE cells after 24 h. Moreover, acute BSA treatment for 45 min mimicked the chronic effects. The elevated Na+ transport was caused by an increased maximal ENaC activity, while Na,K-ATPase activity remained unchanged. Acute and chronic BSA treatment lowered membrane permeability, confirming the increased barrier integrity observed in Ussing chambers. Western blots demonstrated an increased phosphorylation of AKT and SGK1, and PI3K inhibition abolished the stimulating effect of BSA. BSA therefore enhanced epithelial Na+ transport and barrier integrity by activating the PI3K/AKT/SGK1 pathway.
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High level production of stable human serum albumin in Pichia pastoris and characterization of the recombinant product. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:409-424. [PMID: 34999948 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is an important therapeutic used in clinical settings for restoration of blood volume and treatment of chemotherapy induced neutropenia. Currently sourced from human serum, it carries the risk of contamination with viruses. The production of stable extracellular recombinant (r)HSA was achieved at nearly 1 g/L at shake-flask level in Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella phaffii) containing a three-copy containing HSA expression cassette, prepared in vitro. The HSA specific transcripts were increased by 1.82- to 2.46-fold in the three-copy containing clones indicating increased transcript levels to result in enhanced production of extracellular rHSA. The purified rHSA displayed secondary structure, zeta potential, size distribution and biological efficacy that matched with that of the commercial HSA. Cultivation strategy was developed at bioreactor level for the single HSA expression cassette containing recombinant which led to productivity of 300 mg/L/d of rHSA with minimum proteolytic cleavage.
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Scaffa A, Yao H, Oulhen N, Wallace J, Peterson AL, Rizal S, Ragavendran A, Wessel G, De Paepe ME, Dennery PA. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals lasting changes in the lung cellular landscape into adulthood after neonatal hyperoxic exposure. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102091. [PMID: 34417156 PMCID: PMC8710996 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventilatory support, such as supplemental oxygen, used to save premature infants impairs the growth of the pulmonary microvasculature and distal alveoli, leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Although lung cellular composition changes with exposure to hyperoxia in neonatal mice, most human BPD survivors are weaned off oxygen within the first weeks to months of life, yet they may have persistent lung injury and pulmonary dysfunction as adults. We hypothesized that early-life hyperoxia alters the cellular landscape in later life and predicts long-term lung injury. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we mapped lung cell subpopulations at postnatal day (pnd)7 and pnd60 in mice exposed to hyperoxia (95% O2) for 3 days as neonates. We interrogated over 10,000 cells and identified a total of 45 clusters within 32 cell states. Neonatal hyperoxia caused persistent compositional changes in later life (pnd60) in all five type II cell states with unique signatures and function. Premature infants requiring mechanical ventilation with different durations also showed similar alterations in these unique signatures of type II cell states. Pathologically, neonatal hyperoxic exposure caused alveolar simplification in adult mice. We conclude that neonatal hyperoxia alters the lung cellular landscape in later life, uncovering neonatal programing of adult lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Scaffa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joselynn Wallace
- Center for Computational Biology of Human Disease and Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Abigail L Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Salu Rizal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ashok Ragavendran
- Center for Computational Biology of Human Disease and Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gary Wessel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Monique E De Paepe
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
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Zhang CN, Li FJ, Zhao ZL, Zhang JN. The role of extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L885-L891. [PMID: 34549593 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a common complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI), can evolve into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and has a mortality rate of 30%-40%. Secondary ALI after TBI exhibits the following typical pathological features: infiltration of neutrophils into the alveolar and interstitial space, alveolar septal thickening, alveolar edema, and hemorrhage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently identified as key mediators in TBI-induced ALI. Due to their small size and lipid bilayer, they can pass through the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the peripheral circulation and deliver their contents, such as genetic material and proteins, to target cells through processes such as fusion, receptor-mediated interactions, and uptake. Acting as messengers, EVs contribute to mediating brain-lung cross talk after TBI. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanism of EVs in TBI-induced ALI, which may provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan-Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Selo MA, Sake JA, Kim KJ, Ehrhardt C. In vitro and ex vivo models in inhalation biopharmaceutical research - advances, challenges and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113862. [PMID: 34256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation results in pulmonary drug targeting and thereby reduces systemic side effects, making it the preferred means of drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. In addition, the high alveolar surface area, relatively low enzymatic activity and rich blood supply of the distal airspaces offer a promising pathway to the systemic circulation. This is particularly advantageous when a rapid onset of pharmacological action is desired or when the drug is suffering from stability issues or poor biopharmaceutical performance following oral administration. Several cell and tissue-based in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed over the years, with the intention to realistically mimic pulmonary biological barriers. It is the aim of this review to critically discuss the available models regarding their advantages and limitations and to elaborate further which biopharmaceutical questions can and cannot be answered using the existing models.
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Albumin-EDTA-Vanadium Is a Powerful Anti-Proliferative Agent, Following Entrance into Glioma Cells via Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101557. [PMID: 34683850 PMCID: PMC8540012 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is efficiently taken up by cancer cells as a source of carbon and energy. In this study, we prepared a monomodified derivative of HSA covalently linked to an EDTA derivative and investigated its efficacy to shuttle weakly anti-proliferative EDTA associating ligands such as vanadium, into a cancer cell line. HSA-S-MAL-(CH2)2-NH-CO-EDTA was found to associate both with the vanadium anion (+5) and the vanadium cation (+4) with more than thrice the associating affinity of those ligands toward EDTA. Both conjugates internalized into glioma tumor cell line via caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway and showed potent anti-proliferative capacities. IC50 values were in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 µM, potentiating the anti-proliferative efficacies of vanadium (+4) and vanadium (+5) twenty to thirty fold, respectively. HSA-EDTA-VO++ in particular is a cancer permeable prodrug conjugate. The associated vanadium (+4) is not released, nor is it active anti-proliferatively prior to its engagement with the cancerous cells. The bound vanadium (+4) dissociates from the conjugate under acidic conditions with half maximal value at pH 5.8. In conclusion, the anti-proliferative activity feature of vanadium can be amplified and directed toward a cancer cell line. This is accomplished using a specially designed HSA-EDTA-shuttling vehicle, enabling vanadium to be anti-proliferatively active at the low micromolar range of concentration.
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Kawami M, Takenaka S, Kadekaru Y, Akai M, Konaka T, Yumoto R, Takano M. Evaluation on epithelial-mesenchymal state and microRNAs focusing on isolated alveolar epithelial cells from bleomycin injured rat lung. Toxicology 2021; 461:152903. [PMID: 34425168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies using bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury rat model revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. Conversely, microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as useful markers of various diseases. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the EMT state through focusing on alveolar epithelial cells and identify the miRNAs that can be used as markers to predict pulmonary fibrosis using a BLM-induced lung injury rat model. Intratracheal administration of BLM increased hydroxyproline, a component of collagen, in lung tissues at day 14, but not at day 7. However, BLM induced EMT at day 7, which was accompanied with increased mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin, a representative EMT marker, in alveolar epithelium, thereby suggesting that EMT occurs prior to pulmonary fibrosis in alveolar epithelial cells. Using this rat model, the expression levels of several EMT-associated miRNAs were examined, and miR-222 was found to be upregulated in alveolar epithelial cells as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from day 3. Our findings indicate that EMT in alveolar epithelial cells may occur before pulmonary fibrosis, and miR-222 may be used as a potential marker for early prediction of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kawami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Shinnosuke Takenaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yuri Kadekaru
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mizuki Akai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Konaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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Fröhlich E, Salar-Behzadi S. Oral inhalation for delivery of proteins and peptides to the lungs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:198-211. [PMID: 33852968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation is the preferred route for delivery of small molecules to the lungs, because high tissue levels can be achieved shortly after application. Biologics are mainly administered by intravenous injection but inhalation might be beneficial for the treatment of lung diseases (e.g. asthma). This review discusses biological and pharmaceutical challenges for delivery of biologics and describes promising candidates. Insufficient stability of the proteins during aerosolization and the biological environment of the lung are the main obstacles for pulmonary delivery of biologics. Novel nebulizers will improve delivery by inducing less shear stress and administration as dry powder appears suitable for delivery of biologics. Other promising strategies include pegylation and development of antibody fragments, while carrier-encapsulated systems currently play no major role in pulmonary delivery of biologics for lung disease. While development of various biologics has been halted or has shown little effects, AIR DNase, alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, recombinant neuraminidase, and heparin are currently being evaluated in phase III trials. Several biologics are being tested for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, and it is expected that these trials will lead to improvements in pulmonary delivery of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Austria
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Liang W, Pan HW, Vllasaliu D, Lam JKW. Pulmonary Delivery of Biological Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1025. [PMID: 33114726 PMCID: PMC7693150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, biological drugs have rapidly proliferated and have now become an important therapeutic modality. This is because of their high potency, high specificity and desirable safety profile. The majority of biological drugs are peptide- and protein-based therapeutics with poor oral bioavailability. They are normally administered by parenteral injection (with a very few exceptions). Pulmonary delivery is an attractive non-invasive alternative route of administration for local and systemic delivery of biologics with immense potential to treat various diseases, including diabetes, cystic fibrosis, respiratory viral infection and asthma, etc. The massive surface area and extensive vascularisation in the lungs enable rapid absorption and fast onset of action. Despite the benefits of pulmonary delivery, development of inhalable biological drug is a challenging task. There are various anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers that affect the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled formulations. This review assesses the characteristics of biological drugs and the barriers to pulmonary drug delivery. The main challenges in the formulation and inhalation devices are discussed, together with the possible strategies that can be applied to address these challenges. Current clinical developments in inhaled biological drugs for both local and systemic applications are also discussed to provide an insight for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Harry W. Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Jenny K. W. Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
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Casulleras M, Flores-Costa R, Duran-Güell M, Alcaraz-Quiles J, Sanz S, Titos E, López-Vicario C, Fernández J, Horrillo R, Costa M, de la Grange P, Moreau R, Arroyo V, Clària J. Albumin internalizes and inhibits endosomal TLR signaling in leukocytes from patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/566/eaax5135. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casulleras
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), 08021 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Flores-Costa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Duran-Güell
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), 08021 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Alcaraz-Quiles
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Sanz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Titos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Vicario
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), 08021 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), 08021 Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Richard Moreau
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), 08021 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), 08021 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Clària
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), 08021 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS-CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Li HY, Lin HC, Huang BJ, Kai Lo AZ, Saidin S, Lai CH. Size Preferences Uptake of Glycosilica Nanoparticles to MDA-MB-231 Cell. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11374-11382. [PMID: 32902993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, studies on the development and investigation of carbohydrate-functionalized silica nanoparticles (NPs) and their biomedicine applications such as cell-specific targeting and bioimaging has been carried out extensively. Since the number of breast cancer patients has been growing in recent years, potential NPs were being studied in this project for targeting breast cancer cells. Mannose receptors can be found on the surface of MDA-MB-231, which is a kind of human breast cancer cell line. Therefore, we decorated a cyanine 3 fluorescent dye (Cy3) and mannosides on the surface of silica NPs for the purpose of imaging and targeting. Galactoside was also introduced onto the surface of silica NPs acting as a control sample. Various sizes of silica NPs were synthesized by using different amounts of ammonium to investigate the effect of the size of NPs on the cellular uptake rate. The physical properties of these NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and their zeta potential. Cellular experiments demonstrated that mannoside-modified NPs can be uptaken by MDA-MB-231. From the experiment, we found out that the best cellular uptake rate of nanoparticle size is about 250 nm. The MTT assay showed that Man@Cy3SiO2NPs are not cytotoxic, indicating they may have the potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yen Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402
| | - Han-Chen Lin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 807
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80756
| | - Bo-Jie Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402
| | - Alex Zhen Kai Lo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Syafiqah Saidin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chian-Hui Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402
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15
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Wang R, Xu X, Hao Z, Zhang S, Wu D, Sun H, Mu C, Ren H, Wang G. Poly-PR in C9ORF72-Related Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Frontotemporal Dementia Causes Neurotoxicity by Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:889-900. [PMID: 31148094 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GGGGCC repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene are the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (c9ALS/FTD). It has been reported that hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9ORF72 produce five dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins by an unconventional repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. Within the five DPR proteins, poly-PR and poly-GR that contain arginine are more toxic than the other DPRs (poly-GA, poly-GP, and poly-PA). Here, we demonstrated that poly-PR peptides transferred into cells by endocytosis in a clathrin-dependent manner, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death. In SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons, poly-PR activated JUN amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and increased the levels of p53 and Bax. The uptake of poly-PR peptides by cells was significantly inhibited by knockdown of clathrin or by chlorpromazine, an inhibitor that blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis by chlorpromazine significantly blocked the transfer of poly-PR peptides into cells, and attenuated poly-PR-induced JNK activation and cell death. Our data revealed that the uptake of poly-PR undergoes clathrin-dependent endocytosis and blockade of this process prevents the toxic effects of synthetic poly-PR peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xingyun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zongbing Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chenchen Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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16
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Nakanishi T, Takashima H, Uetoko Y, Komori H, Tamai I. Experimental Evidence for Resecretion of PGE2 across Rat Alveolar Epithelium by OATP2A1/SLCO2A1-Mediated Transcellular Transport. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:317-325. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Neudecker V, Brodsky KS, Clambey ET, Schmidt EP, Packard TA, Davenport B, Standiford TJ, Weng T, Fletcher AA, Barthel L, Masterson JC, Furuta GT, Cai C, Blackburn MR, Ginde AA, Graner MW, Janssen WJ, Zemans RL, Evans CM, Burnham EL, Homann D, Moss M, Kreth S, Zacharowski K, Henson PM, Eltzschig HK. Neutrophil transfer of miR-223 to lung epithelial cells dampens acute lung injury in mice. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/408/eaah5360. [PMID: 28931657 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular transfer of microRNAs can mediate communication between critical effector cells. We hypothesized that transfer of neutrophil-derived microRNAs to pulmonary epithelial cells could alter mucosal gene expression during acute lung injury. Pulmonary-epithelial microRNA profiling during coculture of alveolar epithelial cells with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) revealed a selective increase in lung epithelial cell expression of microRNA-223 (miR-223). Analysis of PMN-derived supernatants showed activation-dependent release of miR-223 and subsequent transfer to alveolar epithelial cells during coculture in vitro or after ventilator-induced acute lung injury in mice. Genetic studies indicated that miR-223 deficiency was associated with severe lung inflammation, whereas pulmonary overexpression of miR-223 in mice resulted in protection during acute lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation or by infection with Staphylococcus aureus Studies of putative miR-223 gene targets implicated repression of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the miR-223-dependent attenuation of lung inflammation. Together, these findings suggest that intercellular transfer of miR-223 from neutrophils to pulmonary epithelial cells may dampen acute lung injury through repression of PARP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Neudecker
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kelley S Brodsky
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric T Clambey
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas A Packard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Bennett Davenport
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashley A Fletcher
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lea Barthel
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Joanne C Masterson
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adit A Ginde
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael W Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ellen L Burnham
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marc Moss
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Simone Kreth
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter M Henson
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Ehrhardt C, Bäckman P, Couet W, Edwards C, Forbes B, Fridén M, Gumbleton M, Hosoya KI, Kato Y, Nakanishi T, Takano M, Terasaki T, Yumoto R. Current Progress Toward a Better Understanding of Drug Disposition Within the Lungs: Summary Proceedings of the First Workshop on Drug Transporters in the Lungs. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2234-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Takano M, Naka R, Sasaki Y, Nishimoto S, Yumoto R. Effect of cigarette smoke extract on P-glycoprotein function in primary cultured and newly developed alveolar epithelial cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:417-424. [PMID: 27836711 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function in the distal lung is unclear. In this study, we first examined the expression and function of P-gp and the effect of CSE in rat primary cultured alveolar epithelial cells. The expression of P-gp protein was observed in type I-like cells, but not in type II cells. In type I-like cells, rhodamine 123 (Rho123) accumulation was enhanced by various P-gp inhibitors such as verapamil and cyclosporine A. In addition, the expression of P-gp mRNAs, mdr1a and mdr1b, as well as P-gp activity increased along with the transdifferentiation. When type I-like cells were co-incubated with CSE, P-gp activity was suppressed. Next, we attempted to clarify the effect of CSE on P-gp function in human-derived cultured alveolar epithelial cells. For this purpose, we isolated an A549 clone (A549/P-gp) expressing P-gp, because P-gp expression in native A549 cells was negligible. In A549/P-gp cells, P-gp was functionally expressed, and the inhibitory effect of CSE on P-gp was observed. These results suggested that smoking would directly suppress P-gp activity, and that A549/P-gp cell line should be a useful model to further study the effect of xenobiotics on P-gp function in the alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Naka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Saori Nishimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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20
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Zhang L, Zhao S, Yuan L, Wu H, Jiang H, Luo G. Placenta growth factor contributes to cell apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury. Life Sci 2016; 156:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Kato T, Oka K, Nakamura T, Ito A. Decreased expression of Met during differentiation in rat lung. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2575. [PMID: 26972715 PMCID: PMC4800251 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-specific stem cells play key roles in maintaining the epithelial cell layers of lung. Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) are distal lung epithelial stem cells of adult mice. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells have important functions and serve as progenitor cells of alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells to repair the epithelium when they are injured. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) elicits mitogenic, morphogenic, and anti-apoptotic effects on lung epithelial cells through tyrosine phosphorylation of Met receptor, and thus is recognized as a pulmotrophic factor. To understand which cells HGF targets in lung, we identified the cells expressing Met by immunofluorescence assay. Met was strongly expressed in BASCs, which expressed an AT2 cell marker, pro-SP-C, and a club cell marker, CCSP. In alveoli, we found higher expression of Met in primary AT2 than in AT1 cells, which was confirmed using primary AT2 cells. We further examined the mitogenic activity of HGF in AT2-cell-derived alveolar-like cysts (ALCs) in 3D culture. Multicellular ALCs expressed Met, and HGF enhanced the ALC production. Taking these findings together, BASCs could also be an important target for HGF, and HGF-Met signaling could function more potent on cells that have greater multipotency in adult lung.
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22
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Takano M, Nagahiro M, Yumoto R. Transport Mechanism of Nicotine in Primary Cultured Alveolar Epithelial Cells. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:982-988. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Xu W, Xu B, Zhao Y, Yang N, Liu C, Wen G, Zhang B. Wnt5a reverses the inhibitory effect of hyperoxia on transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelial type II cells to type I cells. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:823-38. [PMID: 26547443 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) to type I cells (AECIs) is critical for reestablishment and maintenance of an intact alveolar epithelium. However, this process is frequently destroyed by hyperoxia treatment, which is commonly used in respiratory distress syndrome therapy in preterm infants. Wnt5a is considered to participate in this physiopathologic process, but the clear mechanisms still need to be further investigated. In this study, preterm rats and primary rat AECIIs were exposed to hyperoxia. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to examine the histological changes of the lungs. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to examine Wnt5a expression and biomarkers of AECII and AECI expression. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were also used to determine the expression and location of selected biomarkers. Furthermore, AECIIs transfected with Wnt5a gene and exogenous Wnt5a were used to examine whether Wnt5a contributes to the transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs. Results showed that hyperoxia inhibited the transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs in vitro, which is represented by biomarkers of two types of cell that remained unchanged. In addition, Wnt5a protein expression was found to be decreased after hyperoxia exposure in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, both the overexpression of Wnt5a and exogenous Wnt5a addition blocked the inhibitory effect of hyperoxia in vitro. In conclusion, our results suggest that the transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs is impaired by hyperoxia, and this process may be associated with Wnt5a downregulation. Targeting Wnt5a may have the potential for the therapy of lung injury in preterm infants induced by hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfu Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Binglun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
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24
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Hagiyama M, Yoneshige A, Inoue T, Sato Y, Mimae T, Okada M, Ito A. The intracellular domain of cell adhesion molecule 1 is present in emphysematous lungs and induces lung epithelial cell apoptosis. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:67. [PMID: 26259600 PMCID: PMC4531499 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary emphysema is characterized histologically by destruction of alveolar walls and enlargement of air spaces due to lung epithelial cell apoptosis. Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is an immunoglobulin superfamily member expressed in lung epithelial cells. CADM1 generates a membrane-associated C-terminal fragment, αCTF, through A disintegrin- and metalloprotease-10-mediated ectodomain shedding, subsequently releasing the intracellular domain (ICD) through γ-secretase-mediated intramembrane shedding of αCTF. αCTF localizes to mitochondria and induces apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. αCTF contributes to the development and progression of emphysema as a consequence of increased CADM1 ectodomain shedding. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the ICD makes a similar contribution. Results The ICD was synthesized as a 51-amino acid peptide, and its mutant was synthesized by substituting seven amino acids and deleting two amino acids. These peptides were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and were introduced into various cell lines. ICD peptide-derived fluorescence was well visualized in lung epithelial cells at the site of Mitotracker mitochondrial labeling, but was detected in locations other than mitochondria in other cell types. Mutant peptide-derived fluorescence was detected in locations other than mitochondria, even in lung epithelial cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays revealed that transduction of the ICD peptide increased the proportion of apoptotic cells 2- to 5-fold in the lung epithelial cell lines, whereas the mutant peptide did not. Abundance of the ICD was below the Western blot detection limit in emphysematous (n = 4) and control (n = 4) human lungs. However, the ICD was detected only in emphysematous lungs when it was immunoprecipitated with anti-CADM1 antibody (4/4 vs. 0/4, P = 0.029). Conclusions As the abundance of ICD molecules was sparse but present, increased CADM1 shedding appeared to contribute to the development of emphysema by generating αCTF and the ICD in lung epithelial cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-015-0173-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Mimae
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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25
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Takano M, Sugimoto N, Ehrhardt C, Yumoto R. Functional Expression of PEPT2 in the Human Distal Lung Epithelial Cell Line NCl-H441. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3916-26. [PMID: 26168863 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The peptide transporter PEPT2 is expressed in alveolar type II epithelial cells. So far, however, no appropriate alveolar epithelial cell line for studying PEPT2 function has been known. In this study, we examined the functional expression of PEPT2 in the human distal lung epithelial cell line NCl-H441 (H441). METHODS Expression of PEPT2 mRNA and protein was examined in H441 cells. Transport function of PEPT2 was studied using glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar) as a substrate. RESULTS Lamellar bodies were well developed in H441 cells and mRNA expression of type II cell markers and PEPT2 increased during time in culture. PEPT2 protein expression was confirmed in H441 cells, but not in A549 cells, by immunostaining and Western blotting. The uptake of Gly-Sar in H441 cells was inhibited by cefadroxil, and the cefadroxil-sensitive uptake was pH-dependent and peaked at pH 6.5. Gly-Sar uptake in H441 cells showed saturation kinetics with a Km value of 112.5 μM. In addition, apical-to-basal, but not basal-to-apical, transport of cephalexin across H441 cell monolayers was sensitive to cefadroxil. CONCLUSIONS PEPT2 is functionally expressed in H441 cells, making the cell line a good in vitro model to study PEPT2 function and its regulation in human distal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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Prostaglandin Transporter (PGT/SLCO2A1) Protects the Lung from Bleomycin-Induced Fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123895. [PMID: 25923111 PMCID: PMC4414486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 exhibits an anti-fibrotic effect in the lung in response to inflammatory reactions and is a high-affinity substrate of PG transporter (SLCO2A1). The present study aimed to evaluate the pathophysiological relevance of SLCO2A1 to bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that Slco2a1 protein was expressed in airway and alveolar type I (ATI) and II (ATII) epithelial cells, and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry further demonstrated cell surface expression of Slco2a1 in ATI cells in wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. PGE2 uptake activity was abrogated in ATI-like cells from Slco2a1-deficient (Slco2a1-/-) mice, which was clearly observed in the cells from WT mice. Furthermore, the PGE2 concentrations in lung tissues were lower in Slco2a1-/- than in WT mice. The pathological relevance of SLCO2A1 was further studied in mouse BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis models. BLM (1 mg/kg) or vehicle (phosphate buffered saline) was intratracheally injected into WT and Slco2a1-/- mice, and BLM-induced fibrosis was evaluated on day 14. BLM induced more severe fibrosis in Slco2a1-/- than in WT mice, as indicated by thickened interstitial connective tissue and enhanced collagen deposition. PGE2 levels were higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but lower in lung tissues of Slco2a1-/- mice. Transcriptional upregulation of TGF-β1 was associated with enhanced gene transcriptions of downstream targets including plasminogen activator inhitor-1. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant activation of protein kinase C (PKC) δ along with a modest activation of Smad3 in lung from Slco2a1-/- mice, suggesting a role of PKCδ associated with TGF-β signaling in aggravated fibrosis in BLM-treated Slco2a1-/- mice. In conclusion, pulmonary PGE2 disposition is largely regulated by SLCO2A1, demonstrating that SLCO2A1 plays a critical role in protecting the lung from BLM-induced fibrosis.
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Takano M, Kawami M, Aoki A, Yumoto R. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of macromolecules and strategy to enhance their transport in alveolar epithelial cells. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:813-25. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.992778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Analysis of TGF-β1- and drug-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cultured alveolar epithelial cell line RLE/Abca3. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 30:111-8. [PMID: 25760538 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and drugs in genetically engineered type II alveolar epithelial cell line RLE/Abca3. Treatment of RLE/Abca3 cells with TGF-β1 induced marked changes in cell morphology from epithelial-like to elongated fibroblast-like morphology. With these morphological changes, mRNA expression of epithelial markers such as cytokeratin 19 (CK19) decreased, while that of mesenchymal markers such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) increased. TGF-β1 treatment also decreased the mRNA expression of Abca3, a type II cell marker, and formation of lamellar body structures. Interestingly, the effect of TGF-β1 on Abca3 mRNA expression was observed in RLE/Abca3 cells, but not in wild-type RLE-6TN, A549, and H441 cells. Treatment of RLE/Abca3 cells with bleomycin (BLM) and methotrexate (MTX) induced similar morphological and mRNA expression changes. In addition, the increase in α-SMA and the decrease in Abca3 mRNA expression by these drugs were observed only in RLE/Abca3 cells. These findings suggest that, like TGF-β1, BLM and MTX induce EMT in RLE/Abca3 cells, and RLE/Abca3 cells would be a good model to study drug-induced EMT. The effect of pirfenidone, an antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory drug, on EMT induced by TGF-β1 was also discussed.
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Takano M, Horiuchi T, Sasaki Y, Kato Y, Nagai J, Yumoto R. Expression and function of PEPT2 during transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelial cells. Life Sci 2013; 93:630-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Chen JC, Cai HY, Wang Y, Ma YY, Song LN, Yin LJ, Cao DM, Diao F, Li YD, Lu J. Up-regulation of stomatin expression by hypoxia and glucocorticoid stabilizes membrane-associated actin in alveolar epithelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:863-72. [PMID: 23672602 PMCID: PMC3822891 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatin is an important lipid raft-associated protein which interacts with membrane proteins and plays a role in the membrane organization. However, it is unknown whether it is involved in the response to hypoxia and glucocorticoid (GC) in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). In this study we found that hypoxia and dexamethasone (dex), a synthetic GC not only up-regulated the expression of stomatin alone, but also imposed additive effect on the expression of stomatin in A549 cells, primary AEC and lung of rats. Then we investigated whether hypoxia and dex transcriptionally up-regulated the expression of stomatin by reporter gene assay, and found that dex, but not hypoxia could increase the activity of a stomatin promoter-driven reporter gene. Further deletion and mutational studies demonstrated that a GC response element (GRE) within the promoter region mainly contributed to the induction of stomatin by dex. Moreover, we found that hypoxia exposure did not affect membrane-associated actin, but decreased actin in cytoplasm in A549 cells. Inhibiting stomatin expression by stomatin siRNA significantly decreased dense of peripheral actin ring in hypoxia or dex treated A549 cells. Taken all together, these data indicated that dex and/or hypoxia significantly up-regulated the expression of stomatin in vivo and in vitro, which could stabilize membrane-associated actin in AEC. We suppose that the up-regulation of stomatin by hypoxia and dex may enhance the barrier function of alveolar epithelia and mediate the adaptive role of GC to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Yumoto R, Suzuka S, Nishimoto S, Nagai J, Takano M. Enhancing Effect of Poly(amino acid)s on Albumin Uptake in Human Lung Epithelial A549 Cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:497-503. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-13-rg-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Takano M, Horiuchi T, Nagai J, Yumoto R. Effect of cigarette smoke extract on insulin transport in alveolar epithelial cell line A549. Lung 2012; 190:651-9. [PMID: 22960792 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on insulin transport in alveolar epithelial cells. METHODS We first examined the effect of CSE pretreatment on cell viability, mRNA expression, and lamellar body structures in A549 cells. Then the effect of CSE pretreatment on FITC-insulin transport was examined. RESULTS When A549 cells were treated with 30 μg/ml of CSE for 48 h, the expression of some mRNAs abundantly expressed in type II alveolar epithelial cells such as surfactant protein B was significantly increased. Lamellar bodylike structures became more evident with CSE treatment. FITC-insulin uptake from the apical side and subsequent efflux to the basal side was enhanced by CSE treatment in A549 cells. The enhancing effect of CSE on FITC-insulin uptake was concentration-dependent and reversible. A concentration-dependent enhancing effect of CSE on FITC-insulin uptake was also observed in normal, primary cultured alveolar type II epithelial cells isolated from rats. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of A549 cells by CSE may direct the cells to a more type II-like phenotype. In accordance with this observation, FITC-insulin uptake was enhanced by CSE treatment. These results may partly explain the higher insulin absorption from the lung in smokers than in nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Buchäckert Y, Rummel S, Vohwinkel CU, Gabrielli NM, Grzesik BA, Mayer K, Herold S, Morty RE, Seeger W, Vadász I. Megalin mediates transepithelial albumin clearance from the alveolar space of intact rabbit lungs. J Physiol 2012; 590:5167-81. [PMID: 22826129 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.233403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolo-capillary barrier is effectively impermeable to large solutes such as proteins. A hallmark of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome is the accumulation of protein-rich oedema fluid in the distal airspaces. Excess protein must be cleared from the alveolar space for recovery; however, the mechanisms of protein clearance remain incompletely understood. In intact rabbit lungs 29.8 ± 2.2% of the radio-labelled alveolar albumin was transported to the vascular compartment at 37°C within 120 min, as assessed by real-time measurement of 125I-albumin clearance from the alveolar space. At 4°C or 22°C significantly lower albumin clearance (3.7 ± 0.4 or 16.2 ± 1.1%, respectively) was observed. Deposition of a 1000-fold molar excess of unlabelled albumin into the alveolar space or inhibition of cytoskeletal rearrangement or clathrin-dependent endocytosis largely inhibited the transport of 125I-albumin to the vasculature, while administration of unlabelled albumin to the vascular space had no effect on albumin clearance. Furthermore, albumin uptake capacity was measured as about 0.37 mg ml−1 in cultured rat lung epithelial monolayers, further highlighting the (patho)physiological relevance of active alveolar epithelial protein transport. Moreover, gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of the multi-ligand receptor megalin resulted in significantly decreased albumin binding and uptake in monolayers of primary alveolar type II and type I-like and cultured lung epithelial cells. Our data indicate that clearance of albumin from the distal air spaces is facilitated by an active, high-capacity, megalin-mediated transport process across the alveolar epithelium. Further understanding of this mechanism is of clinical importance, since an inability to clear excess protein from the alveolar space is associated with poor outcome in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Buchäckert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Yumoto R, Suzuka S, Oda K, Nagai J, Takano M. Endocytic uptake of FITC-albumin by human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 27:336-43. [PMID: 22214936 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The uptake mechanism of FITC-labeled albumin (FITC-albumin) was examined in human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. FITC-albumin uptake by A549 cells was time- and temperature-dependent, and was markedly suppressed at 4°C compared with that at 37°C. The uptake was saturable, and was mediated by a high-affinity, low-capacity system and by a low-affinity, high-capacity system. In the following experiments, we focused on the low-affinity system. FITC-albumin uptake was markedly inhibited by metabolic inhibitors and by a vacuolar H⁺-ATPase, bafilomycin A₁. The uptake was inhibited by clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors (phenylarsine oxide and chlorpromazine). Potassium depletion and hypertonicity that inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis also decreased FITC-albumin uptake. On the other hand, caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitors (indomethacin and nystatin) did not affect FITC-albumin uptake. In addition, FITC-albumin uptake was inhibited by macropinocytosis inhibitors such as 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride. These results suggest that the low-affinity system of FITC-albumin uptake is mediated by endocytosis in A549 cells, predominantly via a clathrin-mediated pathway. Macropinocytosis, but not caveolae-mediated endocytosis, may also be involved. Considering our previous findings, albumin may be transported by a similar mechanism and/or pathway in rat and human alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Oda K, Yumoto R, Nagai J, Katayama H, Takano M. Mechanism underlying insulin uptake in alveolar epithelial cell line RLE-6TN. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 672:62-9. [PMID: 22004610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
For the development of efficient pulmonary delivery systems for protein and peptide drugs, it is important to understand their transport mechanisms in alveolar epithelial cells. In this study, the uptake mechanism for FITC-insulin in cultured alveolar epithelial cell line RLE-6TN was elucidated. FITC-insulin uptake by RLE-6TN cells was time-dependent, temperature-sensitive, and concentration-dependent. The uptake was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors, cytochalasin D, clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors, and dynasore, an inhibitor of dynamin GTPase. On the other hand, no inhibitory effect was observed with caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitors and a macropinocytosis inhibitor. Intracellular FITC-insulin was found to be partly transported to the basal side of the epithelial cell monolayers. In addition, colocalization of FITC-insulin and LysoTracker Red was observed on confocal laser scanning microscopy, indicating that FITC-insulin was partly targeted to lysosomes. In accordance with these findings, SDS-PAGE/fluoroimage analysis showed that intact FITC-insulin in the cells was eliminated with time. The possible receptor involved in FITC-insulin uptake by RLE-6TN cells was examined by using siRNA. Transfection of the cells with megalin or insulin receptor siRNA successfully reduced the corresponding mRNA expression. FITC-insulin uptake decreased on the transfection with insulin receptor siRNA, but not that with megalin siRNA. These results suggest that insulin is taken up through endocytosis in RLE-6TN cells, and after the endocytosis, the intracellular insulin is partly degraded in lysosomes and partly transported to the basal side. Insulin receptor, but not megalin, may be involved at least partly in insulin endocytosis in RLE-6TN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Nagai J, Sato K, Yumoto R, Takano M. Megalin/cubilin-mediated uptake of FITC-labeled IgG by OK kidney epithelial cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 26:474-85. [PMID: 21712611 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we characterize the uptake mechanism of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled human immunoglobulin G (FITC-hIgG) in opossum kidney (OK) epithelial cells, which have been shown to express megalin and cubilin. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy showed the punctate expression of the neonatal Fc receptor FcRn in the cytoplasm, but not on the cell surface membrane. Temperature- and energy-dependent uptake of FITC-hIgG was observed at pH 7.4 but not at pH 6.0, indicating that the internalization of FITC-hIgG might not be due to FcRn, which has a binding affinity for IgG under acidic conditions. Under physiological pH conditions, human and bovine serum γ-globulin decreased FITC-hIgG uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, FITC-hIgG uptake was inhibited by various megalin and/or cubilin ligands including albumin, cytochrome c, transferrin and gentamicin. Endosomal acidification inhibitors (bafilomycin A(1) and chloroquine) significantly decreased the uptake of FITC-hIgG. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis inhibitors (phenylarsine oxide and chlorpromazine) decreased FITC-hIgG uptake. Potassium depletion and hypertonicity, conditions known to inhibit clathrin-dependent endocytosis, also decreased FITC-hIgG uptake. In contrast, caveolin-dependent endocytosis inhibitors (nystatin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin) did not decrease, but rather increased the uptake of FITC-hIgG. These observations suggest that the internalization of FITC-hIgG in OK cells might be, at least in part, due to megalin/cubilin-mediated, clathrin-dependent endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Takano M, Ryoko Y. Transport of Proteins and Peptides and its Regulation in Alveolar Epithelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5360/membrane.36.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kawami M, Yumoto R, Nagai J, Junyaprasert VB, Soonthornchareonnon N, Patanasethanont D, Sripanidkulchai BO, Takano M. Effect of Thai plant extracts on P-glycoprotein function and viability in paclitaxel-resistant HepG2 cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2010; 25:155-62. [PMID: 20460821 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.25.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ethanol extracts from Thai plants on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function and cell viability were examined using paclitaxel-resistant HepG2 (PR-HepG2) cells. KP018 from Ellipeiopsis cherrevensis and AT80 from Ancistrocladus tectorius increased both rhodamine 123, a typical P-gp substrate, and [(3)H]paclitaxel uptake in PR-HepG2 cells. However, some extracts such as MT80 from Microcos tomentosa increased rhodamine 123, but not [(3)H]paclitaxel, uptake, while MM80 from Micromelum minutum increased only [(3)H]paclitaxel uptake. Thus, the effects of extracts of Thai plants on rhodamine 123 uptake were not necessarily the same as those on [(3)H]paclitaxel uptake. Purified compounds such as bergapten did not affect the uptake of either substrate. KP018, AT80, and MM80 increased [(3)H]paclitaxel uptake and decreased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Among these extracts, KP018 showed the most potent cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic potency of KP018 on PR-HepG2 cells was similar to that on wild-type HepG2 cells, and was not potentiated by verapamil. At concentrations resulting in no cytotoxicity, AT80 and MM80 potentiated paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in PR-HepG2 cells. These results indicate that K018 may be a useful source to search for a new anticancer drug, while AT80 and MM80 may be useful as modulators of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kawami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Francis GL. Albumin and mammalian cell culture: implications for biotechnology applications. Cytotechnology 2010; 62:1-16. [PMID: 20373019 PMCID: PMC2860567 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin has a long historical involvement in design of media for the successful culture of mammalian cells, in both the research and commercial fields. The potential application of albumins, bovine or human serum albumin, for cell culture is a by-product of the physico-chemical, biochemical and cell-specific properties of the molecule. In this review an analysis of these features of albumin leads to a consideration of the extracellular and intracellular actions of the molecule, and importantly the role of its interactions with numerous ligands or bioactive factors that influence the growth of cells in culture: these include hormones, growth factors, lipids, amino acids, metal ions, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to name a few. The interaction of albumin with the cell in relation to these co-factors has a potential impact on metabolic and biosynthetic activity, cell proliferation and survival. Application of this knowledge to improve the performance in manufacturing biotechnology and in the emerging uses of cell culture for tissue engineering and stem cell derived therapies is an important prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Francis
- Applied R&D, Novozymes Biopharma AU Ltd, 28 Dalgleish Street, Thebarton, SA, 5031, Australia,
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Effects of endocytosis inhibitors on internalization of human IgG by Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. Life Sci 2009; 85:800-7. [PMID: 19879882 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to characterize the internalization mechanism of human IgG into the epithelial cells of human small intestine, employing human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 as an in vitro model system. MAIN METHODS Real-time PCR analysis and uptake studies of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled IgG (FITC-IgG) from human serum were performed using Caco-2 cells. KEY FINDINGS Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA level of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was increased during the differentiation process in Caco-2 cells. The binding of FITC-labeled human IgG to the membrane surface of Caco-2 cells increased with a decrease in pH of incubation buffer. The uptake of FITC-IgG was also stimulated at acidic pH and was time-dependent. The binding and uptake of FITC-IgG at pH 6.0 was partially, but significantly, decreased by human gamma-globulin in a concentration-dependent manner. A mixture of metabolic inhibitors (sodium azide and 2-deoxyglucose) significantly inhibited the uptake, but not the binding, of FITC-IgG. In addition, endosomal acidification inhibitors such as bafilomycin A(1) and chloroquine significantly increased the accumulation of FITC-IgG. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis inhibitors (phenylarsine oxide and chlorpromazine) and caveolin-dependent endocytosis inhibitors (nystatin and indomethacin) did not decrease the uptake of FITC-IgG at pH 6.0. In contrast, macropinocytosis inhibitors such as cytochalasin B and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride significantly decreased the uptake of FITC-IgG at pH 6.0. SIGNIFICANCE The internalization of human IgG in human intestine might be, at least in part, due to FcRn-mediated endocytosis, which could occur by a process other than clathrin- and caveolin-dependent mechanisms.
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Cu Y, LeMoëllic C, Caplan MJ, Saltzman WM. Ligand-modified gene carriers increased uptake in target cells but reduced DNA release and transfection efficiency. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 6:334-43. [PMID: 19800989 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED DNA delivery to cells can be improved by using particle carriers made from biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA). It is speculated that addition of targeting moieties to the particle surface to facilitate uptake can further enhance gene expression in specific cells or tissues. Taking advantage of well-known receptor/ligand interactions in intestinal and renal epithelial cells, we formulated PLGA particles with high density of surface-bound bovine serum albumin (BSA; approximately 768 molecules/particle). BSA-coated particles exhibited significantly higher uptake by cells expressing the albumin receptor, megalin, and resisted degradation in low pH. However, gene expression from BSA-coated particles was 3- to 10-fold lower than that from unmodified particles; this reduction in transfection efficiency was probably due to the slower DNA release rate from modified particles. In this setting, addition of a targeting feature to particles reduced their effectiveness. Our study highlights the importance of the interplay between cell uptake and payload release in the design of polymer drug carriers. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR DNA delivery to cells can be improved by using particle carriers such as PLGA. Taking advantage of known receptor/ligand interactions in intestinal and renal epithelial cells, PLGA particles with high density surface-bound BSA were formulated. BSA-coated particles exhibited significantly higher uptake; however, gene expression was 3 to 10-fold lower. Unexpectedly, the addition of a targeting feature to these particles reduced their overall effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Cu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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Yumoto R, Hamada S, Okada K, Kato Y, Ikehata M, Nagai J, Takano M. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment on the expression and function of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in rat intestine. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:2822-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ikehata M, Yumoto R, Kato Y, Nagai J, Takano M. Mechanism of Insulin Uptake in Rat Alveolar Type II and Type I-Like Epithelial Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1765-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ikehata
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yuki Kato
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Junya Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
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Takano M, Otani Y, Tanda M, Kawami M, Nagai J, Yumoto R. Paclitaxel-resistance Conferred by Altered Expression of Efflux and Influx Transporters for Paclitaxel in the Human Hepatoma Cell Line, HepG2. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2009; 24:418-27. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.24.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Tagawa M, Yumoto R, Oda K, Nagai J, Takano M. Low-affinity transport of FITC-albumin in alveolar type II epithelial cell line RLE-6TN. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2008; 23:318-27. [PMID: 18974609 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.23.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
FITC-albumin uptake by cultured alveolar type II epithelial cells, RLE-6TN, is mediated by high- and low-affinity transport systems. In this study, characteristics of the low-affinity transport system were evaluated. The uptake of FITC-albumin was time and temperature dependent and was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors and bafilomycin A1. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis showed punctate localization of the fluorescence in the cells, which was partly localized in lysosomes. FITC-albumin taken up by the cells gradually degraded over time, as shown by fluoroimage analyzer after SDS-PAGE. The uptake of FITC-albumin by RLE-6TN cells was not inhibited by caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitors such as nystatin, but was inhibited by clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors such as phenylarsine oxide. The uptake was also inhibited by potassium depletion and hypertonicity, conditions known to inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, macropinocytosis inhibitors such as 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride inhibited the uptake. These results indicate that the low-affinity transport of FITC-albumin in RLE-6TN cells is at least in part mediated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but not by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Possible involvement of macropinocytosis was also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kemp SJ, Thorley AJ, Gorelik J, Seckl MJ, O'Hare MJ, Arcaro A, Korchev Y, Goldstraw P, Tetley TD. Immortalization of human alveolar epithelial cells to investigate nanoparticle uptake. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 39:591-7. [PMID: 18539954 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0334oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary human alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells were immortalized by transduction with the catalytic subunit of telomerase and simian virus 40 large-tumor antigen. Characterization by immunochemical and morphologic methods demonstrated an AT1-like cell phenotype. Unlike primary AT2 cells, immortalized cells no longer expressed alkaline phosphatase, pro-surfactant protein C, and thyroid transcription factor-1, but expressed increased caveolin-1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Live cell imaging using scanning ion conductance microscopy showed that the cuboidal primary AT2 cells were approximately 15 microm and enriched with surface microvilli, while the immortal AT1 cells were attenuated more than 40 microm, resembling these cells in situ. Transmission electron microscopy highlighted the attenuated morphology and showed endosomal vesicles in some immortal AT1 cells (but not primary AT2 cells) as found in situ. Particulate air pollution exacerbates cardiopulmonary disease. Interaction of ultrafine, nano-sized particles with the alveolar epithelium and/or translocation into the cardiovasculature may be a contributory factor. We hypothesized differential uptake of nanoparticles by AT1 and AT2 cells, depending on particle size and surface charge. Uptake of 50-nm and 1-microm fluorescent latex particles was investigated using confocal microscopy and scanning surface confocal microscopy of live cells. Fewer than 10% of primary AT2 cells internalized particles. In contrast, 75% immortal AT1 cells internalized negatively charged particles, while less than 55% of these cells internalized positively charged particles; charge, rather than size, mattered. The process was rapid: one-third of the total cell-associated negatively charged 50-nm particle fluorescence measured at 24 hours was internalized during the first hour. AT1 cells could be important in translocation of particles from the lung into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Kemp
- Lung Cell Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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