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Nigatu YT, Elton-Marshall T, Wells S, Wickens CM, Hamilton HA. Factors associated with stress about returning to pre-pandemic routines among Canadians. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:505-513. [PMID: 36971513 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2195669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a public health concern, with important impacts on individuals' mental health. Many people have experienced significant changes to their daily routines due to the pandemic and for some, returning to pre-pandemic routines could create elevated stress. The present study explored factors associated with stress about returning to pre-pandemic routines (SRPR). A web-based, cross-sectional survey of 1,001 Canadian adults aged 18 years and older was conducted on July 9-13, 2021. SRPR was assessed by asking the respondents how much stress they have been feeling about returning to their pre-pandemic routines. Sociodemographic variables, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and COVID-19-related worry were examined in relation to SRPR. Overall, 28.8% of respondents reported moderate to extreme SRPR. After adjusting for covariates, factors associated with elevated SRPR included: younger age (AOR = 2.29, 95%CI 1.30-4.03), higher education (AOR = 2.08, 95%CI 1.14-3.79), being very worried about getting COVID-19 (AOR = 4.14, 95%CI 2.46-6.95), switching to working from home (AOR = 2.43, 95%CI 1.44-4.11), having anxiety (AOR = 5.02, 95%CI 3.19-7.89), feeling depressed (AOR = 1.93, 95%CI 1.14-3.25), and feeling lonely (AOR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.07-2.83). The findings of this study suggest that individuals experiencing mental health concerns (anxiety, feeling depressed, feeling lonely) may be especially likely to feel elevated SRPR and may therefore need additional support in making the transition back to prior routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshambel T Nigatu
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Elton-Marshall
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Samantha Wells
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine M Wickens
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hayley A Hamilton
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Salmani B, Hasani J, Zanjani Z, Gholami-Fesharaki M. Two Years after the Beginning of COVID-19: Comparing Families Who Had or Did not Have Patients with COVID-19 on Health Beliefs and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2023; 18:429-442. [PMID: 37881416 PMCID: PMC10593991 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v18i4.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare health beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in families with (FIM+) or without an infected member (FIM-) two years after the beginning of COVID-19. Additionally, this research intended to predict a decrease in OCS from baseline (T1) to 40 days later (T2) based on health beliefs. Method : In a longitudinal survey, 227 participants in two groups, including FIM+ (n = 98; M = 30.44; SD = 5.39) and FIM- (n = 129; M = 29.24; SD = 4.93), were selected through purposive sampling. They responded to measurements consisting of demographic characteristics, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and COVID-19 Health Belief Questionnaire (COVID-19-HBQ) at the final assessment phase (T2). To investigate differences between the two groups and predict OCS changes from T1 to T2, data were analyzed using Chi-squared, t-tests, U-Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlations, and linear regression analyses. Results: At T1, FIM+ demonstrated significantly greater OCS, health beliefs, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS), and depressive symptoms than FIM-. Furthermore, FIM+ showed a decrease in OCS from T1 to T2 after its infected member recovered from COVID-19 (P < 0.001). A decrease in OCS was correlated with a decrease in perceived susceptibility, severity, and barriers. Lack of a vulnerable family member, lower educational attainment, and being a primary caregiver were associated with a greater decrease in OCS. Changes in perceived severity and self-efficacy accounted for 17% of variation in OCS. Conclusion: Even two years after the onset of the pandemic, COVID-19 not only impacts the life of patients with COVID-19 but family members who care for such patients respond to the disease by engaging in excessive health behaviors in the form of OCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Salmani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zanjani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Kohut M, Scharnetzki L, Pajka J, Jacobs EA, Fairfield KM. Decisions about adopting novel COVID-19 vaccines among White adults in a rural state, USA: A qualitative study. Health Expect 2023; 26:1052-1064. [PMID: 36864735 PMCID: PMC10154856 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many people, especially in rural areas of the United States, choose not to receive novel COVID-19 vaccinations despite public health recommendations. Understanding how people describe decisions to get vaccinated or not may help to address hesitancy. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with 17 rural inhabitants of Maine, a sparsely populated state in the northeastern US, about COVID-19 vaccine decisions during the early rollout (March-May 2021). We used the framework method to compare responses, including between vaccine Adopters and Non-adopters. FINDINGS Adopters framed COVID-19 as unequivocally dangerous, if not personally, then to other people. Describing their COVID concerns, Adopters emphasized disease morbidities. By contrast, Non-adopters never mentioned morbidities, referencing instead mortality risk, which they perceived as minimal. Instead of risks associated with the disease, Non-adopters emphasized risks associated with vaccination. Uncertainty about the vaccine development process, augmented by social media, bolstered concerns about the long-term unknown risks of vaccines. Vaccine Adopters ultimately described trusting the process, while Non-adopters expressed distrust. CONCLUSION Many respondents framed their COVID vaccination decision by comparing the risks between the disease and the vaccine. Associating morbidity risks with COVID-19 diminishes the relevance of vaccine risks, whereas focusing on low perceived mortality risks heightens their relevance. Results could inform efforts to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the rural US and elsewhere. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Members of Maine rural communities were involved throughout the study. Leaders of community health groups provided feedback on the study design, were actively involved in recruitment, and reviewed findings after analysis. All data produced and used in this study were co-constructed through the participation of community members with lived experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Kohut
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population Health Research (CIPHR), Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Liz Scharnetzki
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population Health Research (CIPHR), Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Joseph Pajka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population Health Research (CIPHR), Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobs
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population Health Research (CIPHR), Portland, Maine, USA
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Su Y, Li S, Huang F, Xue J, Zhu T. Exploring the Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness among Young Adults in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3960. [PMID: 36900971 PMCID: PMC10001881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine uptake is considered as one of the most effective methods of defending against COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). However, many young adults are hesitant regarding COVID-19 vaccines, and they actually play an important role in virus transmission. Based on a multi-theory model, this study aims to explore the influencing factors related to COVID-19 vaccine willingness among young adults in China. Using semi-structured interviews, this study explored the factors that would motivate young adults with vaccine hesitancy to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data with topic modeling as a complementarity method. After comparing the differences and similarities of results generated by thematic analysis and topic modeling, this study ultimately identified ten key factors related to COVID-19 vaccination intention, including the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, application range of vaccine, etc. This study combined thematic analysis with machine learning and provided a comprehensive and nuanced picture of facilitating factors for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Chinese young adults. Results may be taken as potential themes for authorities and public health workers in vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Faculty of Information, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Tingshao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lewicka M, Hay JL, Waters EA, Schofield E, Orom H, Kiviniemi MT. Worldview Orientations and Personal and Social Risk Perceptions for COVID-19 in a U.S. Population-Based Sample. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:53-68. [PMID: 36394703 PMCID: PMC9670042 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adoption of COVID-19 preventive behaviors involves considering personal risk and the risk to others. Consequently, many COVID-19 prevention measures are intended to protect both the individual engaging in the behavior and others in the population. Yet, the preponderance of research is focused on perceptions of an individual's personal risk, making risk perception for others a critical area for investigation. Two worldview orientations describing values regarding how society should be organized, hierarchy-beliefs prioritizing social hierarchy, and individualism-beliefs prioritizing personal autonomy, have been linked to a range of risk perceptions. This study objective is to examine the association of worldview orientations with COVID-19 risk perceptions for oneself and others in a United States context. Using a national sample of 410 U.S. adults, we examined the associations between worldview orientations and six facets of risk (absolute risk, risk certainty, comparative risk, risk severity, fear, feelings of risk) using demographics-adjusted multivariable regression models. We conducted separate analyses for each of the following referents: (1) personal risk, (2) risk for the average person within the United States, and (3) risk to people within specific social groups (e.g., family, co-workers). Results indicate that stronger hierarchical and individualistic orientations were associated with lower COVID-19 risk perceptions for all three referents. The results were particularly consistent for fear and feelings of risk. Individualism was related to higher risk perception certainty for personal risk and the risk to people within specific social groups. Hierarchy was related to lower perceived severity for all referents. Findings suggest that U.S. public health messaging sensitive to worldview orientations may be needed to optimize acceptance of recommendations for protective behaviors, including vaccination. The relationship of worldview orientations to health risk perceptions may help guide messaging for future infectious outbreaks where risk perceptions are t drivers of protective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Lewicka
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hay
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Erika A. Waters
- School of Medicine, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Elizabeth Schofield
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Heather Orom
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Marc T. Kiviniemi
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
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Sherchan JS, Fernandez JR, Qiao S, Kruglanski AW, Forde AT. Perceived COVID-19 threat, perceived healthcare system inequities, personal experiences of healthcare discrimination and their associations with COVID-19 preventive behavioral intentions among college students in the U.S. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2458. [PMID: 36585651 PMCID: PMC9803883 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
College students are often reluctant to follow U.S. preventive guidelines to lower their risk of COVID-19 infection, despite an increased risk of transmission in college settings. Prior research suggested that college students who perceived greater COVID-19 severity and susceptibility (i.e., COVID-19 threat) were more likely to engage in COVID-19 preventive behaviors, yet there is limited research examining whether perceived COVID-19 threat, perceived U.S. healthcare system inequities, and personal experiences of healthcare discrimination collectively influence college students' COVID-19 preventive behaviors. This study identified latent classes of perceived COVID-19 threat, perceived U.S. healthcare system inequities, and personal experiences of healthcare discrimination, examined whether latent classes were associated with COVID-19 preventive behavioral intentions, and assessed whether latent class membership varied across racial/ethnic groups.Students from the University of Maryland, College Park (N = 432) completed the Weighing Factors in COVID-19 Health Decisions survey (December 2020-December 2021). Latent class analysis identified latent classes based on perceived COVID-19 threat, perceived U.S. healthcare system inequities, and personal experiences of healthcare discrimination. Regression analyses examined associations between the latent classes and COVID-19 preventive behavioral intentions (i.e., social distancing, mask-wearing, COVID-19 vaccination) and whether latent class membership varied across racial/ethnic groups.Students in Latent Class 1 (27.3% of the sample) had high perceived COVID-19 threat and U.S. healthcare system inequities and medium probability of experiencing personal healthcare discrimination. Students in Latent Class 1 had higher social distancing, mask-wearing, and vaccination intentions compared to other latent classes. Compared to Latent Class 4 (reference group), students in Latent Class 1 had higher odds of identifying as Hispanic or Latino, Non-Hispanic Asian, Non-Hispanic Black or African American, and Non-Hispanic Multiracial versus Non-Hispanic White.Latent classes of higher perceived COVID-19 threat, perceived U.S. healthcare system inequities, and personal experiences of healthcare discrimination were associated with higher COVID-19 preventive behavioral intentions and latent class membership varied across racial/ethnic groups. Interventions should emphasize the importance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors among students who perceive lower COVID-19 threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S. Sherchan
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.164295.d0000 0001 0941 7177Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Jessica R. Fernandez
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Shan Qiao
- grid.254567.70000 0000 9075 106XHealth Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Arie W. Kruglanski
- grid.164295.d0000 0001 0941 7177Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Allana T. Forde
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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Al Mamun A, Hayat N, Dieu HTM, Zainol NR, Salameh AA. COVID-19 preventive behavior among university students in Southeast Asia: Effects of knowledge, concern, awareness, and perceived risk. Front Public Health 2022; 10:958021. [PMID: 36159302 PMCID: PMC9500200 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.958021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent rise of pandemics across the globe in recent times has led to the prescription of several collaborative preventive strategies to reduce the effect that the pandemic has on public health. Consistent monitoring and surveillance appear to be the only available approach to detecting and classifying the issues of public health threats. Global pandemic threats demand public co-operation to take preventive actions at a personal level so that the risk of infectious diseases can be contained. Said that, this study explored the influence of awareness of precaution measures (APM), concerns about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (CAC), knowledge of COVID-19 (KOC), and perceived risk (PRK) on preventive behavior (PRB), as well as the effect of age and gender on the relationships among the studied variables. Quantitative data were collected from 551 university students across Malaysia and Vietnam through field survey and online survey, respectively. The data collection was performed from 13 March to 23 March 2020. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis. The multiple group analysis (MGA) technique was applied to compare the data retrieved from the respondents based on age and gender. The results revealed that APM, CAC, KOC, and PRK on PRB significantly influenced PRB toward COVID-19. In light of the two personal factors, age and gender, significant variances were noted for age and KOC, while PRK on PRB on the PRB toward COVID-19. Based on the study outcomes, APM emerged as the most significant predictor of PRB, followed by PRK on PRB, and CAC. Since a large fraction of the world reside in rural areas and have high-level interaction with animals, the provision of education at all level can harness the attitude to adopt PRB toward COVID-19. As such, policymakers need to work with the young generation so that the latter may serve as change agents to spread the message of taking precautions and adopting effective PRB toward COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- UKM - Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Abdullah Al Mamun ;
| | - Naeem Hayat
- Global Entrepreneurship Research and Innovation Centre, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Huynh Thi My Dieu
- UFM Graduate School, University of Finance and Marketing, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Noor R. Zainol
- Global Entrepreneurship Research and Innovation Centre, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Anas A. Salameh
- College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Lee H, Andrasfay T, Riley A, Wu Q, Crimmins E. Do social determinants of health explain racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection? Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115098. [PMID: 35759973 PMCID: PMC9162789 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic minorities have experienced higher COVID-19 infection rates than whites, but it is unclear how individual-level housing, occupational, behavioral, and socioeconomic conditions contribute to these disparities in a nationally representative sample. In this study, we assess the extent to which social determinants of health contribute to racial/ethnic differences in COVID-19 infection. Data are from the Understanding America Study's Understanding Coronavirus in America survey (UAS COVID-19 waves 7-29). UAS COVID-19 is one of the only nationally representative longitudinal data sources that collects information on household, work, and social behavioral context during the pandemic. We analyze onset of COVID-19 cases, defined as a positive test or a diagnosis of COVID-19 from a healthcare provider since the previous survey wave, over a year of follow-up (June 2020-July 2021). We consider educational attainment, economic resources, work arrangements, household size, and social distancing as key social factors that may be structured by racism. Cox hazard models indicate that Hispanic people have 48% higher risk of experiencing a COVID-19 infection than whites after adjustment for age, sex, local infection rate, and comorbidities, but we do not observe a higher risk of COVID-19 among Black respondents. Controlling for engagement in any large or small social gathering increases the hazard ratio for Hispanics by 9%, suggesting that had Hispanics had the same social engagement patterns as whites, they may have had even higher risk of COVID-19. Other social determinants-lower educational attainment, working away from home, and number of coresidents-all independently predict higher risk of COVID-19, but do not explain why Hispanic Americans have higher COVID-19 infection risk than whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haena Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Theresa Andrasfay
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Riley
- Department of Sociology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Qiao Wu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eileen Crimmins
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Rudolphi JM, Cuthbertson C, Kaur A, Sarol JN. From believers to skeptics: Latent class analysis of COVID-19 protective practices and perceptions among agricultural community members. J Rural Health 2022; 39:5-17. [PMID: 35841296 PMCID: PMC9349713 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study aimed to identify homogenous groups of agricultural producers and stakeholders based on their perceptions of effectiveness and use of COVID-19 protective behaviors. METHODS We conducted an online survey of agricultural producers and stakeholders through Qualtrics. Participants responded to 7 statements about COVID-19 protective behavior effectiveness and 7 statements about participation in COVID-19 protective behaviors in the previous 2 weeks. These statements included handwashing, disinfecting, refraining from touching one's face, covering one's face when coughing/sneezing, staying at home, social distancing, and wearing a face mask. Additional survey sections included demographics and health history. We performed separate latent class analysis (LCA) to identify clusters of agricultural producers' and stakeholders' perceptions and participation in COVID-19-related protective behaviors based on their pattern of responses. FINDINGS Based on LCA, participants were distributed as universal believers (33%), social believers (16%), personal believers (26%), moderate believers (17%), and social skeptics (85%) of effectiveness and as low (15%), moderate (40%), and high (45%) adherents of COVID-19 protective behaviors. Those who were female, older, or had underlying health conditions were more likely to be universal believers and highly adherent. High adherence was also more likely among those who lived in urban areas or were not self-employed. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that groups of agricultural producers and stakeholders based on perception of effectiveness and participation in COVID-19 protective behaviors are associated with demographic and health characteristics. Public health campaigns that increase or maintain motivation to comply with protective behaviors should be developed and implemented specific for agricultural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie M. Rudolphi
- Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Courtney Cuthbertson
- Department of Human Development and Family StudiesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Interdisciplinary Health Science InstituteUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Jesus N. Sarol
- Interdisciplinary Health Science InstituteUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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Lim S, Dominianni C, Alroy KA, Baquero M, Crossa A, Gould LH. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19-Like Illness and Impacts of Social Distancing and Working from Home. Ethn Dis 2022; 32:123-130. [PMID: 35497392 DOI: 10.18865/ed.32.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-like illness (CLI) during March - August 2020 in New York City, and to test effect modification by age, nativity, and working from home vs outside the home, and mediation via social distancing behavior. Design Analysis of the monthly Community Health Survey datasets. Setting New York City. Participants 5,305 adults living in New York City. Main Outcome Measures A binary indicator of having new onset of CLI in the past 30 days. Methods Prevalence of having CLI was compared among racial and ethnic groups using multivariable log-linear regression. Stratified and causal mediation analyses were conducted to test effect modification and mediation, respectively. Results Overall percentage of CLI decreased from 25% during March-May to 14% during June-August. In both periods, there was no increased prevalence of CLI among Black or Latino New Yorkers compared with White New Yorkers. However, in stratified analyses, Latino vs White New Yorkers had 2.05 times (95%CI=1.09, 3.83) higher prevalence of CLI among adults working outside the home. Mediation via social distancing was not statistically significant. Conclusions Excess burden of CLI among Latino adults working outside the home underscores inequitable impacts of COVID-19 in New York City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Lim
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
| | | | - Karen A Alroy
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
| | - María Baquero
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
| | - Aldo Crossa
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
| | - L Hannah Gould
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
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Tarr GAM, Morris KJ, Harding AB, Jacobs S, Smith MK, Church TR, Berman JD, Rau A, Ashida S, Ramirez MR. Cognitive factors influenced physical distancing adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic in a population-specific way. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267261. [PMID: 35503754 PMCID: PMC9064111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Even early in the COVID-19 pandemic, adherence to physical distancing measures was variable, exposing some communities to elevated risk. While cognitive factors from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and resilience correlate with compliance with physical distancing, external conditions may preclude full compliance with physical distancing guidelines. Our objective was to identify HBM and resilience constructs that could be used to improve adherence to physical distancing even when full compliance is not possible. We examined adherence as expressed through 7-day non-work, non-household contact rates in two cohorts: 1) adults in households with children from Minnesota and Iowa; and 2) adults ≥50 years-old from Minnesota, one-third of whom had Parkinson's disease. We identified multiple cognitive factors associated with physical distancing adherence, specifically perceived severity, benefits, self-efficacy, and barriers. However, the magnitude, and occasionally the direction, of these associations was population-dependent. In Cohort 1, perceived self-efficacy for remaining 6-feet from others was associated with a 29% lower contact rate (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.65, 0.77). This finding was consistent across all race/ethnicity and income groups we examined. The barriers to adherence of having a child in childcare and having financial concerns had the largest effects among individuals from marginalized racial and ethnic groups and high-income households. In Cohort 2, self-efficacy to quarantine/isolate was associated with a 23% decrease in contacts (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.66, 0.89), but upon stratification by education level, the association was only present for those with at least a Bachelor's degree. Education also modified the effect of the barrier to adherence leaving home for work, increasing contacts among those with a Bachelor's degree and reducing contacts among those without. Our findings suggest that public health messaging tailored to the identified cognitive factors has the potential to improve physical distancing adherence, but population-specific needs must be considered to maximize effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A. M. Tarr
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Keeley J. Morris
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Alyson B. Harding
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Samuel Jacobs
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - M. Kumi Smith
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Church
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Jesse D. Berman
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Austin Rau
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Sato Ashida
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Marizen R. Ramirez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Tu P, Kotarba M, Bier B, Clark R, Lin C. Internal and External Motivations and Risk Perception toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents in the U.S. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050697. [PMID: 35632453 PMCID: PMC9144597 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccine is widely available to adolescents in the U.S.; however, vaccine hesitancy poses a threat to full coverage. The literature shows that perceived risks and the presence or lack of motivators are determinants for vaccination decisions, yet research evidence from minors is scant. This study adopted the Protection Motivation framework to identify differences in these facilitators and compare the influence of internal and external motivators among American adolescents in COVID-19 vaccine uptake. A nationwide online survey analyzed 13−17-year-old teenagers’ COVID-19 beliefs as well as present or potential reasons for accepting the vaccine. Of the 439 participants, 21.18% were not and did not plan to get vaccinated. Another 52.39% had at least one dosage, of which over three-quarters were internally motivated (whereas those unvaccinated were more likely to be externally motivated, X2 = 4.117, p = 0.042). In unvaccinated individuals, older adolescents reported slightly more internal motivators than younger adolescents (t = −2.023, p = 0.046). Internal motivation was associated with higher risk perception (r2 = 0.06651, p = 0.001), but risk perception had a stronger relationship with vaccination status (r2 = 0.1816, p < 0.001), with vaccinated individuals showing higher risk perception than those unvaccinated (mean difference = 0.42 on a scale of 1−4; t = −3.603, p < 0.001); the risk perception difference was even greater between hesitant and non-hesitant participants (mean difference = 0.63; t = −0.892, p < 0.001). The relationship was moderated by perceived knowledge, where the difference in risk perception between vaccination status was only significant for those with low perceived knowledge (f = 10.59, p = 0.001). Increasing awareness of disease risks and stressing internal motivators may be key to improving uptake in young people. Future research could delve deeper into risk perception formation of adolescents and why and how it differs across populations.
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Moscardino U, Musso P, Inguglia C, Ceccon C, Miconi D, Rousseau C. Sociodemographic and psychological correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in the young adult population in Italy. Vaccine 2022; 40:2379-2387. [PMID: 35305828 PMCID: PMC8920409 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Lusmilasari L, Putra ADM, Sandhi A, Saifullah AD. COVID-19 Preventive Behavior Practices and Determinants: A Scoping Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Proper management for CHD patients is needed to reduce mortality. Nurses have a very important role in making CHD patients can carry out optimal health behaviors.
AIM: This review study aims to identify the effect of the nurse-led program on CHD patients.
METHODS: This systematic review was based on four electronic databases (Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, SAGE Journals) and published between 2011 and 2020. This review used the Joanna Briggs Institute and Prisma guidelines. The study’s eligibility was assessed from the title, abstract, research methodology, and full text. The review results were presented in tabulated data and narrative form.
RESULTS: Nine articles showed that the nurse-led program significantly improved health behavior, health-related quality of life, clinical outcome, and illness perception in CHD patients.
CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that the improvement of management in CHD patients will improve patients’ quality of life. Hence, it could reduce the number of morbidities and mortality.
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Meyer C, Kampisiou C, Triliva S, Knaevelsrud C, Stammel N. Lay causal beliefs about PTSD and cultural correlates in five countries. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2029333. [PMID: 35145609 PMCID: PMC8823686 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2029333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, cultural clinical research has primarily focused on differences between ethnic groups when investigating causal beliefs about mental disorders. While individual as well as contextual factors are considered important for gaining a better understanding of cultural influences, research on causal beliefs about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cultural correlates in laypersons is scarce. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at gain a better understanding of the association between causal beliefs about PTSD and cultural aspects, as well as other contextual and individual correlates of causal beliefs. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional, vignette-based online survey with 737 laypersons from Mexico, Ecuador, Germany, Greece, and Russia. Participants completed the illness perception questionnaire revised (IPQ-R) and reported several cultural and sociodemographic (e.g. country of residence, gender, personal values) as well as mental health-related variables (e.g. PTSD symptoms, previous seeking of help). Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups of individuals expressing similar causal beliefs for PTSD. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse covariates of class membership. RESULTS LCA resulted in a three-class solution of casual beliefs: a traumatic event-focused class (41.1%); an intrapersonal causes class (40.1%); and a multiple causes class (18.0%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed country of residence, gender, personal value of security, PTSD symptoms, and mental health literacy as significant covariates of class membership. CONCLUSIONS Integrating a more diverse concept of culture into cultural clinical research can be a valuable addition to group comparisons based on nationality or ethnicity. Cultural clinical research needs to move towards a more integrated approach that accounts for the complexity of culture. Including additional contextual and sociodemographic factors can help to reach a more accurate understanding of the cultural influences on the development of causal beliefs and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Meyer
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Kampisiou
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofia Triliva
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Stammel
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Research, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
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Pazderka H, Shalaby R, Eboreime E, Mao W, Obuobi-Donkor G, Agyapong B, Oluwasina F, Adu MK, Owusu E, Sapara A, Agyapong VIO. Isolation, Economic Precarity, and Previous Mental Health Issues as Predictors of PTSD Status in Females Living in Fort McMurray During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:837713. [PMID: 35370820 PMCID: PMC8975535 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.837713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic represents an instance of collective trauma across the globe; as such, it is unique to our lifetimes. COVID-19 has made clear systemic disparities in terms of access to healthcare and economic precarity. Our objective was to examine the mental health repercussions of COVID-19 on adult females living in Fort McMurray, Canada in light of their unique circumstances and challenges. METHOD To investigate this issue, we analyzed responses gathered from an anonymous cross-section of online survey questionnaire responses gathered from females living in the Fort McMurray area (n = 159) during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 24-June 2, 2021). This included relevant demographic, mental health history, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as COVID-19 data. Chi-squared analysis was used to determine outcome relevance, and binary logistic regression was employed to generate a model of susceptibility to PTSD. RESULTS 159 females completed the survey. The prevalence of putative PTSD in our sample was 40.8%. A regression analysis revealed 4 variables with significant, unique contributions to PTSD. These were: a diagnosis of depression; a diagnosis of anxiety; job loss due to COVID-19; and lack of support from family and friends. Specifically, women with a previous diagnosis of either depression or anxiety were ~4-5 times more likely to present with PTSD symptomatology in the wake of COVID-19 (OR = 3.846; 95% CI: 1.13-13.13 for depression; OR = 5.190; 95% CI: 1.42-19.00 for anxiety). Women who reported having lost their jobs as a result of the pandemic were ~5 times more likely to show evidence of probable PTSD (OR = 5.182; 95% CI: 1.08-24.85). Receiving inadequate support from family and friends made the individual approximately four times as likely to develop probable PTSD (OR = 4.258; 95% CI: 1.24-14.65), while controlling for the other variables in the regression model. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results support our hypothesis that volatility in factors such as social support, economic stability, and mental health work together to increase the probability of women developing PTSD in response to a collective trauma such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pazderka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Be Brave Ranch, Centre for Treatment of Child Sexual Abuse, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reham Shalaby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Global Psychological E-Health Foundation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wanying Mao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Global Psychological E-Health Foundation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Medard Kofi Adu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ernest Owusu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adegboyega Sapara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Global Psychological E-Health Foundation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vincent I O Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Global Psychological E-Health Foundation, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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