Ascarophisnema hoiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae), from the stomach of the trumpeter whiting, Sillago maculata Quoy & Gaimard (Perciformes: Sillaginidae) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia

New data on the morphology of Ascarophis parupenei (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae), an intestinal parasite of the marine fish Parupeneus indicus in the Indian Ocean, revealed by SEM

Scanning electron microscopy studies of three paratype specimens (two males and one female) of Ascarophis parupenei Moravec, Orecchia & Paggi, 1988, an intestinal parasite of the marine fish Parupeneus indicus (Shaw) in the Indian Ocean, made it possible to redescribe in detail the cephalic structures of this nematode as well as the morphology of the male caudal end. The presence of non-bilobed sublabia, phasmids in both males and females, bifurcated deirids, well-developed precloacal cuticular ridges (area rugosa) and a ventral median caudal protuberance in the male are reported in this species for the first time. The general morphology and measurements of A. parupenei somewhat resemble those of Rasheedia novaecaledoniensis Moravec & Justine, 2018 described from the same host species (P. indicus) from off New Caledonia, but both species clearly differ from each other by the shape and structure of pseudolabia and the anterior portion of the digestive tract, belonging thus to different nematode families (Cystidicolidae and Physalopteridae, respectively).

Redescription of Ascarophis distorta Fusco et Overstreet, 1978 (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) from the stomach of some butterflyfishes off New Caledonia

PURPOSE

The nematode Ascarophis distorta Fusco et Overstreet, 1978 (Cystidicolidae), originally described from the butterflyfish Chaetodon paucifasciatus Ahl (Perciformes, Chaetodontidae) in the Red Sea, was established based solely on the light microscopical (LM) examination of specimens. However, the present taxonomy of cystidicolid nematodes is mostly based on details of the cephalic structures properly visible only with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

METHODS

Helminthological examinations of some marine fishes from coral reefs off New Caledonia, South Pacific, carried out in the years 2003-2007, revealed the presence of A. distorta in two Chaetodon spp. and thus enabled its redescription. The nematode specimens were studied with the use of both LM and SEM.

RESULTS

The specimens of A. distorta were obtained from the stomach of the threadfin butterflyfish Chaetodon auriga Forsskål and the vagabond butterflyfish Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus. This is just the second record of this parasite since its description 43 years ago. SEM, used in this species for the first time, revealed some taxonomically important, previously unreported or insufficiently described morphological features, such as details in the cephalic structure, the shape of deirids, structure of the distal tip of the left spicule, or the exact number and distribution of male caudal papillae. The finding of A. distorta in C. auriga and C. vagabundus off New Caledonia represents new host and geographical records. The examination of 39 specimens of butterflyfishes from off New Caledonia, belonging to 14 Chaetodon spp. and 3 Heniochus spp., revealed that the nematode was only present in the 2 fish species listed above.

CONCLUSIONS

This parasite seems to be host-specific to only certain species of butterflyfishes (Chaetodon spp.), and is probably widespread in the Indo-Pacific region, as well as its hosts.