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Nahirñak V, Almasia NI, Lia VV, Hopp HE, Vazquez Rovere C. Unveiling the defensive role of Snakin-3, a member of the subfamily III of Snakin/GASA peptides in potatoes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:47. [PMID: 38302779 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The first in-depth characterization of a subfamily III Snakin/GASA member was performed providing experimental evidence on promoter activity and subcellular localization and unveiling a role of potato Snakin-3 in defense Snakin/GASA proteins share 12 cysteines in conserved positions in the C-terminal region. Most of them were involved in different aspects of plant growth and development, while a small number of these peptides were reported to have antimicrobial activity or participate in abiotic stress tolerance. In potato, 18 Snakin/GASA genes were identified and classified into three groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Snakin-1 and Snakin-2 are members of subfamilies I and II, respectively, and were reported to be implicated not only in defense against pathogens but also in plant development. In this work, we present the first in-depth characterization of Snakin-3, a member of the subfamily III within the Snakin/GASA gene family of potato. Transient co-expression of Snakin-3 fused to the green fluorescent protein and organelle markers revealed that it is located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, expression analyses via pSnakin-3::GUS transgenic plants showed GUS staining mainly in roots and vascular tissues of the stem. Moreover, GUS expression levels were increased after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci or Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and also after auxin treatment mainly in roots and stems. To gain further insights into the function of Snakin-3 in planta, potato overexpressing lines were challenged against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum showing enhanced tolerance to this bacterial pathogen. In sum, here we report the first functional characterization of a Snakin/GASA gene from subfamily III in Solanaceae. Our findings provide experimental evidence on promoter activity and subcellular localization and reveal a role of potato Snakin-3 in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nahirñak
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Natalia Inés Almasia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Verónica Viviana Lia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vazquez Rovere
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina.
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Yang M, Liu C, Zhang W, Wu J, Zhong Z, Yi W, Liu H, Leng Y, Sun W, Luan A, He Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis Gene Family in Pineapple ( Ananas comosus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17063. [PMID: 38069384 PMCID: PMC10706908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family plays a crucial role in growth, development, and stress response, and it is specific to plants. This gene family has been extensively studied in various plant species, and its functional role in pineapple has yet to be characterized. In this study, 15 AcGASA genes were identified in pineapple through a genome-wide scan and categorized into three major branches based on a phylogenetic tree. All AcGASA proteins share a common structural domain with 12 cysteine residues, but they exhibit slight variations in their physicochemical properties and motif composition. Predictions regarding subcellular localization suggest that AcGASA proteins are present in the cell membrane, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, and cell wall. An analysis of gene synteny indicated that both tandem and segmental repeats have a significant impact on the expansion of the AcGASA gene family. Our findings demonstrate the differing regulatory effects of these hormones (GA, NAA, IAA, MeJA, and ABA) on the AcGASA genes. We analyzed the expression profiles of GASA genes in different pineapple tissue parts, and the results indicated that AcGASA genes exhibit diverse expression patterns during the development of different plant tissues, particularly in the regulation of floral organ development. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of GASA family genes in pineapple. It serves as a valuable reference for future studies on the functional characterization of GASA genes in other perennial herbaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ziqin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wen Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Leng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weisheng Sun
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China;
| | - Aiping Luan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yehua He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Y.); (C.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
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Yadav P, Sharma K, Tiwari N, Saxena G, Asif MH, Singh S, Kumar M. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses of Fusarium-infected root xylem tissues to decipher genes involved in chickpea wilt resistance. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:390. [PMID: 37942053 PMCID: PMC10630269 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is the most destructive soil-borne disease that poses a major threat to chickpea production. To comprehensively understand the interaction between chickpea and Fusarium oxysporum, the xylem-specific transcriptome analysis of wilt-resistant (WR315) and wilt-susceptible (JG62) genotypes at an early timepoint (4DPI) was investigated. Differential expression analysis showed that 1368 and 348 DEGs responded to pathogen infection in resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively. Both genotypes showed transcriptional reprogramming in response to Foc2, but the responses in WR315 were more severe than in JG62. Results of the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that most of the DEGS in both genotypes with enrichment in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and carbon metabolism. Genes associated with defense-related metabolites synthesis such as thaumatin-like protein 1b, cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinases, MLP-like proteins, polygalacturonase inhibitor 2-like, ethylene-responsive transcription factors, glycine-rich cell wall structural protein-like, beta-galactosidase-like, subtilisin-like protease, thioredoxin-like protein, chitin elicitor receptor kinase-like, proline transporter-like, non-specific lipid transfer protein and sugar transporter were mostly up-regulated in resistant as compared to susceptible genotypes. The results of this study provide disease resistance genes, which would be helpful in understanding the Foc resistance mechanism in chickpea. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03803-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Kritika Sharma
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Nikita Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Garima Saxena
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Mehar H. Asif
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Swati Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Sun B, Zhao X, Gao J, Li J, Xin Y, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Feng H, Tan C. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the GASA gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:668. [PMID: 37932701 PMCID: PMC10629197 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is widely involved in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress response. However, information on the GASA gene family has not been reported in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). RESULTS Here, we conducted genome-wide identification and analysis of the GASA genes in Chinese cabbage. In total, 15 GASA genes were identified in the Chinese cabbage genome, and the physicochemical property, subcellular location, and tertiary structure of the corresponding GASA proteins were elucidated. Phylogenetic analysis, conserved motif, and gene structure showed that the GASA proteins were divided into three well-conserved subfamilies. Synteny analysis proposed that the expansion of the GASA genes was influenced mainly by whole-genome duplication (WGD) and transposed duplication (TRD) and that duplication gene pairs were under negative selection. Cis-acting elements of the GASA promoters were involved in plant development, hormonal and stress responses. Expression profile analysis showed that the GASA genes were widely expressed in different tissues of Chinese cabbage, but their expression patterns appeared to diverse. The qRT-PCR analysis of nine GASA genes confirmed that they responded to salt stress, heat stress, and hormonal triggers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the important role of the GASA gene family in the functional genome of Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xianlei Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chong Tan
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Iqbal A, Khan RS. Snakins: antimicrobial potential and prospects of genetic engineering for enhanced disease resistance in plants. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8683-8690. [PMID: 37578577 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Snakins of the Snakin/Gibberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis (GASA) family are short sequenced peptides consisting of three different regions: a C-terminal GASA domain, an N-terminal signal sequence and a variable region. The GASA domain is comprised of 12 conserved cysteine residues responsible for the structural stability of the peptide. Snakins are playing a variety of roles in response to various biotic stresses such as bacterial, fungal, and nematodes infections and abiotic stress like water scarcity, saline condition, and reactive oxygen species. These properties make snakins very effective biotechnological tools for possible therapeutic and agricultural applications. This review was attempted to highlight and summarize the antifungal and antibacterial potential of snakins, also emphasizing their sequence characteristics, distributions, expression patterns and biological activities. In addition, further details of transgene expression in various plant species for enhanced fungal and bacterial resistance is also discussed, with special emphasis on their potential applications in crop protection and combating plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Raham Sher Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
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Bouteraa MT, Ben Romdhane W, Baazaoui N, Alfaifi MY, Chouaibi Y, Ben Akacha B, Ben Hsouna A, Kačániová M, Ćavar Zeljković S, Garzoli S, Ben Saad R. GASA Proteins: Review of Their Functions in Plant Environmental Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2045. [PMID: 37653962 PMCID: PMC10223810 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is a class of functional cysteine-rich proteins characterized by an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal-conserved GASA domain with 12 invariant cysteine (Cys) residues. GASA proteins are widely distributed among plant species, and the majority of them are involved in the signal transmission of plant hormones, the regulation of plant development and growth, and the responses to different environmental constraints. To date, their action mechanisms are not completely elucidated. This review reports an overview of the diversity, structure, and subcellular localization of GASA proteins, their involvement in hormone crosstalk and redox regulation during development, and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Knowledge of this complex regulation can be a contribution to promoting multiple abiotic stress tolerance with potential agricultural applications through the engineering of genes encoding GASA proteins and the production of transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte UR13ES47, University of Carthage, BP W, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra Chouaibi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Bouthaina Ben Akacha
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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In Silico Integrated Analysis of Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Data Reveals QTL-Specific Genes for Bacterial Canker Resistance in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1387-1395. [PMID: 36826035 PMCID: PMC9955012 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial canker of tomato, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), is a devasting disease that leads to significant yield losses. Although QTLs originating from three wild species (Solanum arcanum, S. habrochaites, and S. pimpinellifolium) were identified, none of the QTLs was annotated for candidate gene identification. In the present study, a QTL-based physical map was constructed to reveal the meta-QTLs for Cmm resistance. As a result, seven major QTLs were mapped. Functional annotation of QTLs revealed 48 candidate genes. Additionally, experimentally validated Cmm resistance-related genes based on transcriptomic and proteomic studies were mapped in the genome and 25 genes were found to be located in the QTL regions. The present study is the first report to construct a physical map for Cmm resistance QTLs and identify QTL-specific candidate genes. The candidate genes identified in the present study are valuable targets for fine mapping and developing markers for marker-assisted selection in tomatoes for Cmm resistance breeding.
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Bouteraa MT, Ben Romdhane W, Ben Hsouna A, Amor F, Ebel C, Ben Saad R. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of GASA gene family in Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) husn. (Durum wheat) unveils its involvement in environmental stress responses. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113544. [PMID: 36464102 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Family members within the plant-specific gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene serve a crucial role in plant growth and development, particularly in flower induction and seed development. Through a genome-wide analysis of Triticum turgidum ssp. Durum (durum wheat), we identified 19 GASA genes, designated as TdGASA1‒19. Moreover, the chromosomal locations, exon-intron distribution and the physiochemical properties of these genes were determined and the subcellular localization of their encoded proteins was estimated. Analyses of their domain structure, motif arrangements, and phylogeny revealed four distinct groups that share a conserved GASA domain. Additionally, a real-time q-PCR analysis revealed differential expression patterns of TdGASA genes in various tissues (including leaves, roots, stems, and seeds) and in response to salinity, osmotic stress, and treatment with exogenous phytohormones (abscisic and gibberellic acid), implying that these genes may play a role in the growth, development, and stress responses of Triticum turgidum. Heterologous expression of TdGASA1, TdGASA4, TdGASA14, and TdGASA19 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae improved its tolerance to salt, osmotic, oxidative, and heat stresses, which suggests the involvement of these genes in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. The present study is the first to identify and analyze the expression profile of T. turgidum GASA genes, therefore offering novel insights for their further functional characterization, which may serve as a novel resource for molecular breeding of durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte UR13ES47, BP W, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Amor
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Unit; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP B1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Unit; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP B1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Deo S, Turton KL, Kainth T, Kumar A, Wieden HJ. Strategies for improving antimicrobial peptide production. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107968. [PMID: 35489657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found in a wide range of animal, insect, and plant species are host defense peptides forming an integral part of their innate immunity. Although the exact mode of action of some AMPs is yet to be deciphered, many exhibit membrane lytic activity or interact with intracellular targets. The ever-growing threat of antibiotic resistance has brought attention to research on AMPs to enhance their clinical use as a therapeutic alternative. AMPs have several advantages over antibiotics such as broad range of antimicrobial activities including anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-bacterial, and have not reported to contribute to resistance development. Despite the numerous studies to develop efficient production methods for AMPs, limitations including low yield, degradation, and loss of activity persists in many recombinant approaches. In this review, we outline available approaches for AMP production and various expression systems used to achieve higher yield and quality. In addition, recent advances in recombinant strategies, suitable fusion protein partners, and other molecular engineering strategies for improved AMP production are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Deo
- Department of Microbiology, Buller building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Kristi L Turton
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W., Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Tajinder Kainth
- Department of Microbiology, Buller building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Buller building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Wieden
- Department of Microbiology, Buller building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Sharma A, Abrahamian P, Carvalho R, Choudhary M, Paret ML, Vallad GE, Jones JB. Future of Bacterial Disease Management in Crop Production. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:259-282. [PMID: 35790244 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are a constant threat to crop production globally. Current management strategies rely on an array of tactics, including improved cultural practices; application of bactericides, plant activators, and biocontrol agents; and use of resistant varieties when available. However, effective management remains a challenge, as the longevity of deployed tactics is threatened by constantly changing bacterial populations. Increased scrutiny of the impact of pesticides on human and environmental health underscores the need for alternative solutions that are durable, sustainable, accessible to farmers, and environmentally friendly. In this review, we discuss the strengths and shortcomings of existing practices and dissect recent advances that may shape the future of bacterial disease management. We conclude that disease resistance through genome modification may be the most effective arsenal against bacterial diseases. Nonetheless, more research is necessary for developing novel bacterial disease management tactics to meet the food demand of a growing global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Peter Abrahamian
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida, USA
- Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostic Laboratory, USDA-APHIS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Renato Carvalho
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Manoj Choudhary
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Mathews L Paret
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, USA
| | - Gary E Vallad
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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11
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Advances in the Characterization of the Mechanism Underlying Bacterial Canker Development and Tomato Plant Resistance. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial canker caused by the Gram-positive actinobacterium Clavibacter michiganensis is one of the most serious bacterial diseases of tomatoes, responsible for 10–100% yield losses worldwide. The pathogen can systemically colonize tomato vascular bundles, leading to wilting, cankers, bird’s eye lesions, and plant death. Bactericidal agents are insufficient for managing this disease, because the pathogen can rapidly migrate through the vascular system of plants and induce systemic symptoms. Therefore, the use of resistant cultivars is necessary for controlling this disease. We herein summarize the pathogenicity of C. michiganensis in tomato plants and the molecular basis of bacterial canker pathogenesis. Moreover, advances in the characterization of resistance to this pathogen in tomatoes are introduced, and the status of genetics-based research is described. Finally, we propose potential future research on tomato canker resistance. More specifically, there is a need for a thorough analysis of the host–pathogen interaction, the accelerated identification and annotation of resistance genes and molecular mechanisms, the diversification of resistance resources or exhibiting broad-spectrum disease resistance, and the production of novel and effective agents for control or prevention. This review provides researchers with the relevant information for breeding tomato cultivars resistant to bacterial cankers.
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12
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Li Z, Gao J, Wang G, Wang S, Chen K, Pu W, Wang Y, Xia Q, Fan X. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of GASA Gene Family in Nicotiana tabacum. Front Genet 2022; 12:768942. [PMID: 35178069 PMCID: PMC8844377 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gibberellic acid stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is critical for plant growth, development, and stress response. GASA gene family has been studied in various plant species, however, the GASA gene family in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) have not been characterized in detail. In this study, we identified 18 GASA genes in the tobacco genome, which were distributed to 13 chromosomes. All the proteins contained a conserved GASA domain and highly specific 12-cysteine residues at the C-terminus. Phylogenetic analysis divided the NtGASA genes into three well-conserved subfamilies. Synteny analysis suggested that tandem and segmental duplications played an important role in the expansion of the NtGASA gene family. Cis-elements analysis showed that NtGASA genes might influence different phytohormone and stress responses. Tissue expression analysis revealed that NtGASA genes displayed unique or distinct expression patterns in different tissues, suggesting their potential roles in plant growth and development. We also found that the expression of NtGASA genes were mostly regulated by abscisic and gibberellic acid, signifying their roles in the two phytohormone signaling pathways. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of NtGASA genes and provided useful information for further studies on their molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowu Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Genhong Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuaibin Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxuan Pu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Yaofu Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Han S, Jiao Z, Niu MX, Yu X, Huang M, Liu C, Wang HL, Zhou Y, Mao W, Wang X, Yin W, Xia X. Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis of the GASA Gene Family in Populus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212336. [PMID: 34830215 PMCID: PMC8624709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) proteins, as cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs), play roles in development and reproduction and biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the GASA gene family has been identified in plants, the knowledge about GASAs in Populus euphratica, the woody model plant for studying abiotic stress, remains limited. Here, we referenced the well-sequenced Populus trichocarpa genome, and identified the GASAs in the whole genome of P. euphratica and P. trichocarpa. 21 candidate genes in P. trichocarpa and 19 candidate genes in P. euphratica were identified and categorized into three subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. Most GASAs with signal peptides were located extracellularly. The GASA genes in Populus have experienced multiple gene duplication events, especially in the subfamily A. The evolution of the subfamily A, with the largest number of members, can be attributed to whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem duplication (TD). Collinearity analysis showed that WGD genes played a leading role in the evolution of GASA genes subfamily B. The expression patterns of P. trichocarpa and P. euphratica were investigated using the PlantGenIE database and the real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. GASA genes in P. trichocarpa and P. euphratica were mainly expressed in young tissues and organs, and almost rarely expressed in mature leaves. GASA genes in P. euphratica leaves were also widely involved in hormone responses and drought stress responses. GUS activity assay showed that PeuGASA15 was widely present in various organs of the plant, especially in vascular bundles, and was induced by auxin and inhibited by mannitol dramatically. In summary, this present study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the function of GASA genes in P. euphratica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Zhiyin Jiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Meng-Xue Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Xiao Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Mengbo Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Chao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Yangyan Zhou
- Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao 276800, China; (Y.Z.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Wei Mao
- Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao 276800, China; (Y.Z.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao 276800, China; (Y.Z.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-10-62336400 (X.X.)
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-10-62336400 (X.X.)
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Pereyra-Bistraín LI, Ovando-Vázquez C, Rougon-Cardoso A, Alpuche-Solís ÁG. Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Potentially Resistance-Related Genes in Response to Bacterial Canker of Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111745. [PMID: 34828351 PMCID: PMC8618811 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important crops for human consumption. Its production is affected by the actinomycete Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), one of the most devastating bacterial pathogens of this crop. Several wild tomato species represent a source of natural resistance to Cmm. Here, we contrasted the transcriptomes of the resistant wild tomato species Solanum arcanum LA2157 and the susceptible species Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig, during the first 24 h of challenge with Cmm. We used three analyses approaches which demonstrated to be complementary: mapping to S. lycopersicum reference genome SL3.0; semi de novo transcriptome assembly; and de novo transcriptome assembly. In a global context, transcriptional changes seem to be similar between both species, although there are some specific genes only upregulated in S. arcanum during Cmm interaction, suggesting that the resistance regulatory mechanism probably diverged during the domestication process. Although S. lycopersicum showed enriched functional groups related to defense, S. arcanum displayed a higher number of induced genes related to bacterial, oomycete, and fungal defense at the first few hours of interaction. This study revealed genes that may contribute to the resistance phenotype in the wild tomato species, such as those that encode for a polyphenol oxidase E, diacyl glycerol kinase, TOM1-like protein 6, and an ankyrin repeat-containing protein, among others. This work will contribute to a better understanding of the defense mechanism against Cmm, and the development of new control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo I. Pereyra-Bistraín
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Supercómputo, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
| | - Alejandra Rougon-Cardoso
- Laboratory of Agrigenomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, ENES-León, León 37689, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.R.-C.); (Á.G.A.-S.); Tel.: +52-(444)-834-2000 (Á.G.A.-S.)
| | - Ángel G. Alpuche-Solís
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-C.); (Á.G.A.-S.); Tel.: +52-(444)-834-2000 (Á.G.A.-S.)
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15
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Abdullah, Faraji S, Mehmood F, Malik HMT, Ahmed I, Heidari P, Poczai P. The GASA Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome Wide Identification and Expression Analysis. AGRONOMY 2021; 11:1425. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA/GAST) gene family is widely distributed in plants and involved in various physiological and biological processes. These genes also provide resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal. We are interested in characterizing the GASA gene family and determining its role in various physiological and biological process in Theobroma cacao. Here, we report 17 tcGASA genes distributed on six chromosomes in T. cacao. The gene structure, promoter region, protein structure and biochemical properties, expression, and phylogenetics of all tcGASAs were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses divided tcGASA proteins into five groups. Among 17 tcGASA genes, nine segmentally duplicating genes were identified which formed four pairs and cluster together in phylogenetic tree. Differential expression analyses revealed that most of the tcGASA genes showed elevated expression in the seeds (cacao food), implying their role in seed development. The differential expression of tcGASAs was recorded between the tolerant and susceptible cultivars of cacao, which indicating their possible role as fungal resistant. Our findings provide new insight into the function, evolution, and regulatory system of the GASA family genes in T.cacao and may suggest new target genes for development of fungi-resistant cacao varieties in breeding programs.
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16
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Shanmugaraj B, Bulaon CJI, Malla A, Phoolcharoen W. Biotechnological Insights on the Expression and Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in Plants. Molecules 2021; 26:4032. [PMID: 34279372 PMCID: PMC8272150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens poses a serious critical threat to global public health and requires immediate action. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short peptides ubiquitously found in all living forms, including plants, insects, mammals, microorganisms and play a significant role in host innate immune system. These peptides are considered as promising candidates to treat microbial infections due to its distinct advantages over conventional antibiotics. Given their potent broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, several AMPs are currently being evaluated in preclinical/clinical trials. However, large quantities of highly purified AMPs are vital for basic research and clinical settings which is still a major bottleneck hindering its application. This can be overcome by genetic engineering approaches to produce sufficient amount of diverse peptides in heterologous host systems. Recently plants are considered as potential alternatives to conventional protein production systems such as microbial and mammalian platforms due to their unique advantages such as rapidity, scalability and safety. In addition, AMPs can also be utilized for development of novel approaches for plant protection thereby increasing the crop yield. Hence, in order to provide a spotlight for the expression of AMP in plants for both clinical or agricultural use, the present review presents the importance of AMPs and efforts aimed at producing recombinant AMPs in plants for molecular farming and plant protection so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Joy I Bulaon
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Peritore-Galve FC, Tancos MA, Smart CD. Bacterial Canker of Tomato: Revisiting a Global and Economically Damaging Seedborne Pathogen. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1581-1595. [PMID: 33107795 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-20-1732-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The gram-positive actinobacterium Clavibacter michiganensis is the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato, an economically impactful disease with a worldwide distribution. This seedborne pathogen systemically colonizes tomato xylem leading to unilateral leaflet wilt, marginal leaf necrosis, stem and petiole cankers, and plant death. Additionally, splash dispersal of the bacterium onto fruit exteriors causes bird's-eye lesions, which are characterized as necrotic centers surrounded by white halos. The pathogen can colonize developing seeds systemically through xylem and through penetration of fruit tissues from the exterior. There are currently no commercially available resistant cultivars, and bactericidal sprays have limited efficacy for managing the disease once the pathogen is in the vascular system. In this review, we summarize research on epidemiology, host colonization, the bacterial genetics underlying virulence, and management of bacterial canker. Finally, we highlight important areas of research into this pathosystem that have the potential to generate new strategies for prevention and mitigation of bacterial canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Christopher Peritore-Galve
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Matthew A Tancos
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Christine D Smart
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
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Basim H, Basim E, Tombuloglu H, Unver T. Comparative transcriptome analysis of resistant and cultivated tomato lines in response to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Genomics 2021; 113:2455-2467. [PMID: 34052318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is a gram-positive bacterium causing destructive bacterial wilt and canker disease in tomato. Herein, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on Cmm-resistant and -susceptible tomato lines. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with Cmm and harvested for transcriptome analysis after 4 and 8 day time-points. Twenty-four transcriptome libraries were profiled by RNA sequencing approach. Total of 545 million clean reads was generated. 1642 and 2715 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in susceptible lines within 4 and 8 days after inoculation (DAI), respectively. In resistant lines, 1731 and 1281 DEGs were found following 4 and 8 DAI, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis resulted in a higher number of genes involved in biological processes and molecular functions in susceptible lines. On the other hand, such biological processes, "defense response", and "response to stress" were distinctly indicated in resistant lines which were not found in susceptible ones upon inoculation, according to the gene set enrichment analyses. Upon Cmm-inoculation, several defense responsive genes were found to be differentially expressed. Of which 26 genes were in the resistant line and three were in the susceptible line. This study helps to understand the transcriptome response of Cmm-resistant and -susceptible tomato lines. The results provide comprehensive data for molecular breeding studies, for the purpose to control of the pathogen in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Basim
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Esin Basim
- Department of Organic Agriculture, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turgay Unver
- Ficus Biotechnology, Ostim OSB Mah, 100. Yil Blv, No:55, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
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Tiwari P, Khare T, Shriram V, Bae H, Kumar V. Plant synthetic biology for producing potent phyto-antimicrobials to combat antimicrobial resistance. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 48:107729. [PMID: 33705914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate and injudicious use of antimicrobial drugs in human health, hygiene, agriculture, animal husbandry and food industries has contributed significantly to rapid emergence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the serious global public health threats. The crisis of AMR versus slower discovery of newer antibiotics put forth a daunting task to control these drug-resistant superbugs. Several phyto-antimicrobials have been identified in recent years with direct-killing (bactericidal) and/or drug-resistance reversal (re-sensitization of AMR phenotypes) potencies. Phyto-antimicrobials may hold the key in combating AMR owing to their abilities to target major microbial drug-resistance determinants including cell membrane, drug-efflux pumps, cell communication and biofilms. However, limited distribution, low intracellular concentrations, eco-geographical variations, beside other considerations like dynamic environments, climate change and over-exploitation of plant-resources are major blockades in full potential exploration phyto-antimicrobials. Synthetic biology (SynBio) strategies integrating metabolic engineering, RNA-interference, genome editing/engineering and/or systems biology approaches using plant chassis (as engineerable platforms) offer prospective tools for production of phyto-antimicrobials. With expanding SynBio toolkit, successful attempts towards introduction of entire gene cluster, reconstituting the metabolic pathway or transferring an entire metabolic (or synthetic) pathway into heterologous plant systems highlight the potential of this field. Through this perspective review, we are presenting herein the current situation and options for addressing AMR, emphasizing on the significance of phyto-antimicrobials in this apparently post-antibiotic era, and effective use of plant chassis for phyto-antimicrobial production at industrial scales along with major SynBio tools and useful databases. Current knowledge, recent success stories, associated challenges and prospects of translational success are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Tiwari
- Molecular Metabolic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411016, India; Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Akurdi, Pune 411044, India
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Molecular Metabolic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411016, India; Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
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20
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Abdullah, Faraji S, Mehmood F, Malik HMT, Ahmed I, Heidari P, Poczai P. The GASA Gene Family in Theobroma cacao: Genome wide Identification and Expression Analysis.. [DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.27.425041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA/GAST) gene family is widely distributed in plants. The role of the GASA gene family has been reported previously in various physiological and biological processes, such as cell division, root and seed development, stem growth, and fruit ripening. These genes also provide resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal. Here, we report 17 tcGASA genes in Theobroma cacao L. distributed on six chromosomes. The gene structure, promoter-region sequences, protein structure, and biochemical properties, expression, and phylogenetics of all tcGASAs were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses divided tcGASA proteins into five groups. The nine segmentally duplicating genes form four pairs and cluster together in phylogenetic tree. Purifying selection pressure was recorded on tcGASA, including duplicated genes. Several stress/hormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements were also recognized in the promoter region of tcGASAs. Differential expression analyses revealed that most of the tcGASA genes showed elevated expression in the seeds (cacao food), implying their role in seed development. The black rod disease of genus Phytophthora caused up to 20–25% loss (700,000 metric tons) in world cacao production. The role of tcGASA genes in conferring fungal resistance was also explored based on RNAseq data against Phytophthora megakarya. The differential expression of tcGASA genes was recorded between the tolerant and susceptible cultivars of cacao plants, which were inoculated with the fungus for 24h and 72h. This differential expression indicating possible role of tcGASA genes to fungal resistant in cacao. Our findings provide new insight into the function, evolution, and regulatory system of the GASA family genes in T. cacao and provide new target genes for development of fungi-resistant cacao varieties in breeding programs.
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Shwaiki LN, Arendt EK, Lynch KM. Plant compounds for the potential reduction of food waste - a focus on antimicrobial peptides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4242-4265. [PMID: 33480260 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1873733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A large portion of global food waste is caused by microbial spoilage. The modern approach to preserve food is to apply different hurdles for microbial pathogens to overcome. These vary from thermal processes and chemical additives, to the application of irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging. Even though such preservative techniques exist, loss of food to spoilage still prevails. Plant compounds and peptides represent an untapped source of potential novel natural food preservatives. Of these, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are very promising for exploitation. AMPs are a significant component of a plant's innate defense system. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential application of these AMPs; however, more studies, particularly in the area of food preservation are warranted. This review examines the literature on the application of AMPs and other plant compounds for the purpose of reducing food losses and waste (including crop protection). A focus is placed on the plant defensins, their natural extraction and synthetic production, and their safety and application in food preservation. In addition, current challenges and impediments to their full exploitation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila N Shwaiki
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elke K Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran M Lynch
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Pogoda CS, Reinert S, Talukder ZI, Attia Z, Collier-Zans ECE, Gulya TJ, Kane NC, Hulke BS. Genetic loci underlying quantitative resistance to necrotrophic pathogens Sclerotinia and Diaporthe (Phomopsis), and correlated resistance to both pathogens. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:249-259. [PMID: 33106896 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We provide results rooted in quantitative genetics, which combined with knowledge of candidate gene function, helps us to better understand the resistance to two major necrotrophic pathogens of sunflower. Necrotrophic pathogens can avoid or even benefit from plant defenses used against biotrophic pathogens, and thus represent a distinct challenge to plant populations in natural and agricultural systems. Sclerotinia and Phomopsis/Diaporthe are detrimental pathogens for many dicotyledonous plants, including many economically important plants. With no well-established methods to prevent infection in susceptible plants, host-plant resistance is currently the most effective strategy. Despite knowledge of a moderate, positive correlation in resistance to the two diseases in sunflower, detailed analysis of the genetics, in the same populations, has not been conducted. We present results of genome-wide analysis of resistance to both pathogens in a diversity panel of 218 domesticated sunflower genotypes of worldwide origin. We identified 14 Sclerotinia head rot and 7 Phomopsis stem canker unique QTLs, plus 1 co-located QTL for both traits, and observed extensive patterns of linkage disequilibrium between sites for both traits. Most QTLs contained one credible candidate gene, and gene families were common for the two disease resistance traits. These results suggest there has been strong, simultaneous selection for resistance to these two diseases and that a generalized mechanism for defense against these necrotrophic pathogens exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloe S Pogoda
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Stephan Reinert
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Zahirul I Talukder
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, 166 Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - Ziv Attia
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Erin C E Collier-Zans
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Thomas J Gulya
- USDA-ARS Edward T Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Nolan C Kane
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Brent S Hulke
- USDA-ARS Edward T Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
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Su T, Han M, Cao D, Xu M. Molecular and Biological Properties of Snakins: The Foremost Cysteine-Rich Plant Host Defense Peptides. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040220. [PMID: 33053707 PMCID: PMC7711543 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant host defense peptides (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are regarded as one of the most prevalent barriers elaborated by plants to combat various infective agents. Among the multiple classes of HDPs, the Snakin class attracts special concern, as they carry 12 cysteine residues, being the foremost cysteine-rich peptides of the plant HDPs. Also, their cysteines are present at very highly conserved positions and arranged in an extremely similar way among different members. Like other plant HDPs, Snakins have been shown to exhibit strong antifungal and antibacterial activity against a wide range of plant pathogens. Moreover, they display diversified biological activities in many aspects of plant growth and the development process. This review is devoted to present the general characters of the Snakin class of plant HDPs, as well as the individual features of different Snakin family members. Specifically, the sequence properties, spatial structures, distributions, expression patterns and biological activities of Snakins are described. In addition, further detailed classification of the Snakin family members, along with their possible mode of action and potential applications in the field of agronomy and pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-1589-598-9551
| | - Dan Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
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Hormhuan P, Viboonjun U, Sojikul P, Narangajavana J. Enhancing of anthracnose disease resistance indicates a potential role of antimicrobial peptide genes in cassava. Genetica 2020; 148:135-148. [PMID: 32654093 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-020-00097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is an important economic crop in tropical countries. Demands for using cassava in food, feed and biofuel industries have been increasing worldwide. Cassava anthracnose disease, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis (CAD), is considered a major problem in cassava production. To minimize the effects of such disease, this study investigated the response of cassava to attack by CAD and how the plants defend themselves against this threat. Genome-wide identification of antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs) and their expression in response to fungal infection was performed in the resistant cassava cultivar (Huay Bong 60; HB60) in comparison with the highly susceptible cultivar (Hanatee; HN). A total of 114 gene members of AMP were identified in the cassava genome database. Fifty-six gene members were selected for phylogenetic tree construction and analysis of putative cis-acting elements in their promoter regions. Differential expression profiles of six candidate genes were observed in response to CAD infection of both cassava cultivars. Upregulation of snakins, MeSN1 and MeSN2 was found in HB60, whereas MeHEL, Me-AMP-D2 and MeLTP2 were highly induced in HN. The MeLTP1 gene was not expressed in either cultivar. HB60 showed a reduced severity rating in comparison to HN after CAD infection. The biomembrane permeability test of fungal CAD was strongly affected after treatment with protein extract derived from CAD-infected HB60. Altogether, these findings suggest that snakins have a potential function in the CAD defense response in cassava. These results could be useful for cassava improvement programs to fight fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Hormhuan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Unchera Viboonjun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punchapat Sojikul
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarunya Narangajavana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand.
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Almasia NI, Nahirñak V, Hopp HE, Vazquez-Rovere C. Potato Snakin-1: an antimicrobial player of the trade-off between host defense and development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:839-849. [PMID: 32529484 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Snakin-1 (SN1) from potato is a cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide with high evolutionary conservation. It has 63 amino acid residues, 12 of which are cysteines capable of forming six disulfide bonds. SN1 localizes in the plasma membrane, and it is present mainly in tissues associated with active growth and cell division. SN1 is active in vitro against bacteria, fungus, yeasts, and even animal/human pathogens. It was demonstrated that it also confers in vivo protection against commercially relevant pathogens in overexpressing potato, wheat, and lettuce plants. Although researchers have demonstrated SN1 can disrupt the membranes of E. coli, its integral antimicrobial mechanism remains unknown. It is likely that broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity is a combined outcome of membrane disruption and inhibition of intracellular functions. Besides, in potato, partial SN1 silencing affects cell division, leaf metabolism, and cell wall composition, thus revealing additional roles in growth and development. Its silencing also affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS scavenger levels. This finding indicates its participation in redox balance. Moreover, SN1 alters hormone levels, suggesting its involvement in the complex hormonal crosstalk. Altogether, SN1 has the potential to integrate development and defense signals directly and/or indirectly by modulating protein activity, modifying hormone balance and/or participating in redox regulation. Evidence supports a paramount role to SN1 in the mechanism underlying growth and immunity balance. Furthermore, SN1 may be a promising candidate in preservation, and pharmaceutical or agricultural biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Inés Almasia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina.
| | - Vanesa Nahirñak
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - H Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vazquez-Rovere
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
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Hillestad B, Makvandi-Nejad S, Krasnov A, Moghadam HK. Identification of genetic loci associated with higher resistance to pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:388. [PMID: 32493246 PMCID: PMC7268189 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreas disease (PD) is a contagious disease caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) with significant economic and welfare impacts on salmon farming. Previous work has shown that higher resistance against PD has underlying additive genetic components and can potentially be improved through selective breeding. To better understand the genetic basis of PD resistance in Atlantic salmon, we challenged 4506 smolts from 296 families of the SalmoBreed strain. Fish were challenged through intraperitoneal injection with the most virulent form of the virus found in Norway (i.e., SAV3). Mortalities were recorded, and more than 900 fish were further genotyped on a 55 K SNP array. Results The estimated heritability for PD resistance was 0.41 ± 0.017. The genetic markers on two chromosomes, ssa03 and ssa07, showed significant associations with higher disease resistance. Collectively, markers on these two QTL regions explained about 60% of the additive genetic variance. We also sequenced and compared the cardiac transcriptomics of moribund fish and animals that survived the challenge with a focus on candidate genes within the chromosomal segments harbouring QTL. Approximately 200 genes, within the QTL regions, were found to be differentially expressed. Of particular interest, we identified various components of immunoglobulin-heavy-chain locus B (IGH-B) on ssa03 and immunoglobulin-light-chain on ssa07 with markedly higher levels of transcription in the resistant animals. These genes are closely linked to the most strongly QTL associated SNPs, making them likely candidates for further investigation. Conclusions The findings presented here provide supporting evidence that breeding is an efficient tool for increasing PD resistance in Atlantic salmon populations. The estimated heritability is one of the largest reported for any disease resistance in this species, where the majority of the genetic variation is explained by two major QTL. The transcriptomic analysis has revealed the activation of essential components of the innate and the adaptive immune responses following infection with SAV3. Furthermore, the complementation of the genomic with the transcriptomic data has highlighted the possible critical role of the immunoglobulin loci in combating PD virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksei Krasnov
- Division of Aquaculture, Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima), P.O. Box 6122, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, Langnes, N-9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hooman K Moghadam
- Benchmark Genetics Norway AS, Sandviksboder 3A, N-5035, Bergen, Norway.
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28
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Istomina EA, Slezina MP, Kovtun AS, Odintsova TI. In Silico Identification of Gene Families Encoding Cysteine-Rich Peptides in Solanum lycopersicum L. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Microbial disease management in agriculture: Current status and future prospects. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Das K, Datta K, Karmakar S, Datta SK. Antimicrobial Peptides - Small but Mighty Weapons for Plants to Fight Phytopathogens. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:720-742. [PMID: 31215363 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190619112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) have diverse structures, varied modes of actions, and can inhibit the growth of a wide range of pathogens at low concentrations. Plants are constantly under attack by a wide range of phytopathogens causing massive yield losses worldwide. To combat these pathogens, nature has armed plants with a battery of defense responses including Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). These peptides form a vital component of the two-tier plant defense system. They are constitutively expressed as part of the pre-existing first line of defense against pathogen entry. When a pathogen overcomes this barrier, it faces the inducible defense system, which responds to specific molecular or effector patterns by launching an arsenal of defense responses including the production of AMPs. This review emphasizes the structural and functional aspects of different plant-derived AMPs, their homology with AMPs from other organisms, and how their biotechnological potential could generate durable resistance in a wide range of crops against different classes of phytopathogens in an environmentally friendly way without phenotypic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Karabi Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Karmakar
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Swapan K Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
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Ahmad MZ, Sana A, Jamil A, Nasir JA, Ahmed S, Hameed MU, Abdullah. A genome-wide approach to the comprehensive analysis of GASA gene family in Glycine max. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:607-620. [PMID: 31123969 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A vital role of short amino acid gene family, gibberellic acid stimulated arabidopsis (GASA), has been reported in plant growth and development. Although, little information is available about these cysteine rich short proteins in different plant species and this is the first comprehensive approach to exploit available genomic data and to analyze the GASA family in G. max. The phylogenetic and sequence composition analysis distributed the 37 identified GmGASA genes into three groups. Further investigation of the tissue expression pattern, phylogenetic analysis, motif, gene structure, chromosome distributions, duplication patterns, positive-selection pressure and cis-element analysis of 37 GmGASA genes. A conserved GASA domain was found in all identified GmGASA genes and exhibited similar characteristics. The online gene expression profile based analysis of GmGASA genes reveled that these genes were highly expressed in almost all soybean parts and some have high expression in flower which indicates that GmGASA genes displayed special or distinct expression pattern among different tissues. The segmental duplication was found in five pairs from 37 GmGASA genes and was distributed on 15 different chromosomes. The Ka/Ks ratio of 5 pairs of segmentally duplicated gene indicated that after the occurrence of duplication events, the duplicated gene pairs were purified and selected after restrictive functional differentiation. This investigated study of GmGASA gene will useful to support the statement about GASA genes role during flower induction in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
| | - Aiman Sana
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Jamil
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Abdul Nasir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- International Crop Research Center for Stress Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair Hameed
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan
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Muhammad I, Li WQ, Jing XQ, Zhou MR, Shalmani A, Ali M, Wei XY, Sharif R, Liu WT, Chen KM. A systematic in silico prediction of gibberellic acid stimulated GASA family members: A novel small peptide contributes to floral architecture and transcriptomic changes induced by external stimuli in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 234-235:117-132. [PMID: 30784850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The GASA (GA-stimulated Arabidopsis) gene family is highly specific to plants, signifying a crucial role in plant growth and development. Herein, we retrieved 119 GASA genes in 10 different plant species in two major lineages (monocots and eudicots). Further, in the phylogenetic tree we classified these genes into four well-conserved subgroups. All the proteins contain a conserved GASA domain with similar characteristics and a highly specific 12-cysteine residue of the C-terminus position. According to the global microarray data and qRT-PCR based analysis, the OsGASA gene family was dominantly expressed in the seedling and transition phase of floral stages. Despite this, OsGASA genes profoundly contribute to rice grain size and length, whereas the highest abundance of transcript level was noticed in stage-2 (Inf 6, 3.0-cm-long spikelet) and stage-3 (Inf 7, 5.0-cm-long spikelet) under GA treatment during panicle formation. Additionally, the maximum expression level of these genes was recorded in response to GA and ABA in young seedlings. Further, in response to abiotic stresses, OsGASA1/8/10 was up- regulated by salt, OsGASA2/5/7 by drought, OsGASA3/6 by cold, and OsGASA4/9 by heat stress. With the exception of OsGASA4, the higher transcription levels of all the other GASA genes were induced by Cd and Cr metal stresses (8-10 fold changes) at various time points. Finally, the GO ontology analysis of GASAs revealed the biological involvement in the GA-mediated signaling pathway and abiotic stresses. Prominently, most of these proteins are localized in cellular components such as the cell wall and extracellular region, where the molecular functions such as ATP binding and protein binding were observed. These results imply that GASAs are significantly involved in rice panicle developmental stages, responses to external stimuli, and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Meng-Ru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Sinha R, Shukla P. Antimicrobial Peptides: Recent Insights on Biotechnological Interventions and Future Perspectives. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:79-87. [PMID: 30370841 PMCID: PMC6416458 DOI: 10.2174/0929866525666181026160852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the unprecedented rise of drug-resistant pathogens, particularly antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and no new antibiotics in the pipeline over the last three decades, the issue of antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a critical public health threat. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMP) have garnered interest as a viable solution to this grave issue and are being explored for their potential antimicrobial applications. Given their low bioavailability in nature, tailoring new AMPs or strategizing approaches for increasing the yield of AMPs, therefore, becomes pertinent. The present review focuses on biotechnological interventions directed towards enhanced AMP synthesis and revisits existing genetic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for production of AMPs. This review further underscores the importance and potential applications of advanced gene editing technologies for the synthesis of novel AMPs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Address correspondence to this author at the Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology,
Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India; E-mail:
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Castilleux R, Plancot B, Ropitaux M, Carreras A, Leprince J, Boulogne I, Follet-Gueye ML, Popper ZA, Driouich A, Vicré M. Cell wall extensins in root-microbe interactions and root secretions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4235-4247. [PMID: 29945246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Extensins are cell wall glycoproteins, belonging to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) family, which are involved in many biological functions, including plant growth and defence. Several reviews have described the involvement of HRGPs in plant immunity but little focus has been given specifically to cell wall extensins. Yet, a large set of recently published data indicates that extensins play an important role in plant protection, especially in root-microbe interactions. Here, we summarise the current knowledge on this topic and discuss the importance of extensins in root defence. We first provide an overview of the distribution of extensin epitopes recognised by different monoclonal antibodies among plants and discuss the relevance of some of these epitopes as markers of the root defence response. We also highlight the implication of extensins in different types of plant interactions elicited by either pathogenic or beneficial micro-organisms. We then present and discuss the specific importance of extensins in root secretions, as these glycoproteins are not only found in the cell walls but are also released into the root mucilage. Finally, we propose a model to illustrate the impact of cell wall extensin on root secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Castilleux
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Barbara Plancot
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Marc Ropitaux
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Carreras
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- INSERM U1239, Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Zoë A Popper
- Botany and Plant Science and The Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
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Rodríguez-Decuadro S, Barraco-Vega M, Dans PD, Pandolfi V, Benko-Iseppon AM, Cecchetto G. Antimicrobial and structural insights of a new snakin-like peptide isolated from Peltophorum dubium (Fabaceae). Amino Acids 2018; 50:1245-1259. [PMID: 29948342 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Snakins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found, so far, exclusively in plants, and known to be important in the defense against a wide range of pathogens. Like other plant AMPs, they contain several positively charged amino acids, and an even number of cysteine residues forming disulfide bridges which are considered important for their usual function. Despite its importance, studies on snakin tertiary structure and mode of action are still scarce. In this study, a new snakin-like gene was isolated from the native plant Peltophorum dubium, and its expression was verified in seedlings and adult leaves. The deduced peptide (PdSN1) shows 84% sequence identity with potato snakin-1 mature peptide, with the 12 cysteines characteristic from this peptide family at the GASA domain. The mature PdSN1 coding sequence was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant peptide inhibits the growth of important plant and human pathogens, like the economically relevant potato pathogen Streptomyces scabies and the opportunistic fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Finally, homology and ab initio modeling techniques coupled to extensive molecular dynamics simulations were used to gain insight on the 3D structure of PdSN1, which exhibited a helix-turn-helix motif conserved in both native and recombinant peptides. We found this motif to be strongly coded in the sequence of PdSN1, as it is stable under different patterns of disulfide bonds connectivity, and even when the 12 cysteines are considered in their reduced form, explaining the previous experimental evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Decuadro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Barraco-Vega
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo D Dans
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, CEP 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, CEP 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Gianna Cecchetto
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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36
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Tancos MA, Lowe‐Power TM, Peritore‐Galve FC, Tran TM, Allen C, Smart CD. Plant-like bacterial expansins play contrasting roles in two tomato vascular pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1210-1221. [PMID: 28868644 PMCID: PMC5835177 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Expansin proteins, which loosen plant cell walls, play critical roles in normal plant growth and development. The horizontal acquisition of functional plant-like expansin genes in numerous xylem-colonizing phytopathogenic bacteria suggests that bacterial expansins may also contribute to virulence. To investigate the role of bacterial expansins in plant diseases, we mutated the non-chimeric expansin genes (CmEXLX2 and RsEXLX) of two xylem-inhabiting bacterial pathogens, the Actinobacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (Cmm) and the β-proteobacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), respectively. The Cmm ΔCmEXLX2 mutant caused increased symptom development on tomato, which was characterized by more rapid wilting, greater vascular necrosis and abundant atypical lesions on distant petioles. This increased disease severity correlated with larger in planta populations of the ΔCmEXLX2 mutant, even though the strains grew as well as the wild-type in vitro. Similarly, when inoculated onto tomato fruit, ΔCmEXLX2 caused significantly larger lesions with larger necrotic centres. In contrast, the Rs ΔRsEXLX mutant showed reduced virulence on tomato following root inoculation, but not following direct petiole inoculation, suggesting that the RsEXLX expansin contributes to early virulence at the root infection stage. Consistent with this finding, ΔRsEXLX attached to tomato seedling roots better than the wild-type Rs, which may prevent mutants from invading the plant's vasculature. These contrasting results demonstrate the diverse roles of non-chimeric bacterial expansins and highlight their importance in plant-bacterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Tancos
- Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant SciencesCornell UniversityGenevaNY 14456USA
- Present address:
Foreign Disease‐Weed Science Research Unit, USDA‐ARSFort DetrickMD 21702USA
| | | | - F. Christopher Peritore‐Galve
- Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant SciencesCornell UniversityGenevaNY 14456USA
| | - Tuan M. Tran
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
- Present address:
School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University639798Singapore
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
| | - Christine D. Smart
- Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant SciencesCornell UniversityGenevaNY 14456USA
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Boonpa K, Tantong S, Weerawanich K, Panpetch P, Pringsulaka O, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Sirikantaramas S. Heterologous expression and antimicrobial activity of OsGASR3 from rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 224-225:95-102. [PMID: 29614397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
According to an in silico analysis, OsGASR3 (LOC_Os03g55290) from rice (Oryza sativa L.) was predicted to be involved in plant defense mechanisms. A semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that OsGASR3 is highly expressed in the inflorescences of Thai jasmine rice (O. sativa L. subsp. indica 'KDML 105'). To characterize the biological activity of OsGASR3, we produced an OsGASR3-glutathione S-transferase fusion protein in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami (DE3) cells for a final purified recombinant OsGASR3 yield of 0.65 mg/L. The purified OsGASR3 inhibited the hyphal growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and Helminthosporium oryzae at a relatively low concentration (7.5 μg/mL). Furthermore, OsGASR3 exhibited in planta inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas campestris, suggesting its involvement in defense mechanisms, in addition to its previously reported functions affecting growth and development. These observations indicate that recombinant OsGASR3 may be useful for protecting agriculturally important crops against pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissana Boonpa
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Tantong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kamonwan Weerawanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Onanong Pringsulaka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Silva MS, Arraes FBM, Campos MDA, Grossi-de-Sa M, Fernandez D, Cândido EDS, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Review: Potential biotechnological assets related to plant immunity modulation applicable in engineering disease-resistant crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:72-84. [PMID: 29576088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the biotechnological potential of molecules implicated in the different layers of plant immunity, including, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS), and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) that can be applied in the development of disease-resistant genetically modified (GM) plants. These biomolecules are produced by pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes) or plants during their mutual interactions. Biomolecules involved in the first layers of plant immunity, PTI and ETS, include inhibitors of pathogen cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and susceptibility (S) proteins, while the ETI-related biomolecules include plant resistance (R) proteins. The biomolecules involved in plant defense PTI/ETI responses described herein also include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and ribosome-inhibiting proteins (RIPs), as well as enzymes involved in plant defensive secondary metabolite biosynthesis (phytoanticipins and phytoalexins). Moreover, the regulation of immunity by RNA interference (RNAi) in GM disease-resistant plants is also considered. Therefore, the present review does not cover all the classes of biomolecules involved in plant innate immunity that may be applied in the development of disease-resistant GM crops but instead highlights the most common strategies in the literature, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Santos Silva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Embrapa Cenargen), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Barbosa Monteiro Arraes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Embrapa Cenargen), Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Elizabete de Souza Cândido
- Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Embrapa Cenargen), Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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Hu Y, Ren J, Peng Z, Umana AA, Le H, Danilova T, Fu J, Wang H, Robertson A, Hulbert SH, White FF, Liu S. Analysis of Extreme Phenotype Bulk Copy Number Variation (XP-CNV) Identified the Association of rp1 with Resistance to Goss's Wilt of Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:110. [PMID: 29479358 PMCID: PMC5812337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Goss's wilt (GW) of maize is caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn) and has spread in recent years throughout the Great Plains, posing a threat to production. The genetic basis of plant resistance is unknown. Here, a simple method for quantifying disease symptoms was developed and used to select cohorts of highly resistant and highly susceptible lines known as extreme phenotypes (XP). Copy number variation (CNV) analyses using whole genome sequences of bulked XP revealed 141 genes containing CNV between the two XP groups. The CNV genes include the previously identified common rust resistant locus rp1. Multiple Rp1 accessions with distinct rp1 haplotypes in an otherwise susceptible accession exhibited hypersensitive responses upon inoculation. GW provides an excellent system for the genetic dissection of diseases caused by closely related subspecies of C. michiganesis. Further work will facilitate breeding strategies to control GW and provide needed insight into the resistance mechanism of important related diseases such as bacterial canker of tomato and bacterial ring rot of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Arnoldo A. Umana
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ha Le
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tatiana Danilova
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Alison Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Scot H. Hulbert
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Frank F. White
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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40
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Computational investigation of small RNAs in the establishment of root nodules and arbuscular mycorrhiza in leguminous plants. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:706-717. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Fan C, Li Y, Hu Z, Hu H, Wang G, Li A, Wang Y, Tu Y, Xia T, Peng L, Feng S. Ectopic expression of a novel OsExtensin-like gene consistently enhances plant lodging resistance by regulating cell elongation and cell wall thickening in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:254-263. [PMID: 28574641 PMCID: PMC5785348 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant lodging resistance is an important integrative agronomic trait of grain yield and quality in crops. Although extensin proteins are tightly associated with plant cell growth and cell wall construction, little has yet been reported about their impacts on plant lodging resistance. In this study, we isolated a novel extensin-like (OsEXTL) gene in rice, and selected transgenic rice plants that expressed OsEXTL under driven with two distinct promoters. Despite different OsEXTL expression levels, two-promoter-driven OsEXTL-transgenic plants, compared to a rice cultivar and an empty vector, exhibited significantly reduced cell elongation in stem internodes, leading to relatively shorter plant heights by 7%-10%. Meanwhile, the OsEXTL-transgenic plants showed remarkably thickened secondary cell walls with higher cellulose levels in the mature plants, resulting in significantly increased detectable mechanical strength (extension and pushing forces) in the mature transgenic plants. Due to reduced plant height and increased plant mechanical strength, the OsEXTL-transgenic plants were detected with largely enhanced lodging resistances in 3 years field experiments, compared to those of the rice cultivar ZH11. In addition, despite relatively short plant heights, the OsEXTL-transgenic plants maintain normal grain yields and biomass production, owing to their increased cellulose levels and thickened cell walls. Hence, this study demonstrates a largely improved lodging resistance in the OsEXTL-transgenic rice plants, and provides insights into novel extensin functions in plant cell growth and development, cell wall network construction and wall structural remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfen Fan
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ying Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Huizhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guangya Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ao Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tao Xia
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shengqiu Feng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Fan S, Zhang D, Zhang L, Gao C, Xin M, Tahir MM, Li Y, Ma J, Han M. Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:827. [PMID: 29078754 PMCID: PMC5658915 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant-specific gibberellic acid stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is critical for plant development. However, little is known about these genes, particularly in fruit tree species. RESULTS We identified 15 putative Arabidopsis thaliana GASA (AtGASA) and 26 apple GASA (MdGASA) genes. The identified genes were then characterized (e.g., chromosomal location, structure, and evolutionary relationships). All of the identified A. thaliana and apple GASA proteins included a conserved GASA domain and exhibited similar characteristics. Specifically, the MdGASA expression levels in various tissues and organs were analyzed based on an online gene expression profile and by qRT-PCR. These genes were more highly expressed in the leaves, buds, and fruits compared with the seeds, roots, and seedlings. MdGASA genes were also responsive to gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid treatments. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing results revealed seven potential flowering-related MdGASA genes. We analyzed the expression levels of these genes in response to flowering-related treatments (GA3, 6-benzylaminopurine, and sugar) and in apple varieties that differed in terms of flowering ('Nagafu No. 2' and 'Yanfu No. 6') during the flower induction period. These candidate MdGASA genes exhibited diverse expression patterns. The expression levels of six MdGASA genes were inhibited by GA3, while the expression of one gene was up-regulated. Additionally, there were expression-level differences induced by the 6-benzylaminopurine and sugar treatments during the flower induction stage, as well as in the different flowering varieties. CONCLUSION This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the A. thaliana and apple GASA gene families. Our data may provide useful clues for future studies and may support the hypotheses regarding the role of GASA proteins during the flower induction stage in fruit tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Xin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Mobeen Tahir
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Youmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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He H, Yang X, Xun H, Lou X, Li S, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Dong Y, Wang S, Pang J, Liu B. Over-expression of GmSN1 enhances virus resistance in Arabidopsis and soybean. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1441-1455. [PMID: 28656325 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GmSN1 enhances virus resistance in plants most likely by affecting the expression of signal transduction and immune response genes. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) infection causes severe symptom and leads to massive yield loss in soybean (Glycine max). By comparative analyzing gene expression in the SMV-resistant soybean cultivar Rsmv1 and the susceptible cultivar Ssmv1 at a transcriptome level, we found that a subgroup of Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Transcript (GAST) genes were down-regulated in SMV inoculated Ssmv1 plants, but not Rsmv1 plants. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that one of the GAST genes, GmSN1, was closely related to Snakin-1, a well-characterized potato microbial disease resistance gene. When over-expressed in Arabidopsis and soybean, respectively, under the control of the 35S promoter, GmSN1 enhanced turnip mosaic virus resistance in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and SMV resistance in the transgenic soybean plants, respectively. Transcriptome analysis results showed that the up-regulated genes in the 35S:GmSN1 transgenic Arabidopsis plants were largely enriched in functional terms including "signal transduction" and "immune response". Real-time PCR assay indicated that the expression of GmAKT2, a potassium channel gene known to enhance SMV resistance when over-expressed in soybean, was elevated in the 35S:GmSN1 transgenic soybean plants. Taken together, our results suggest that GmSN1 enhances virus resistance in plants most likely by affecting the expression of signal transduction and immune response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Hongwei Xun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Lou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingshan Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jinsong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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44
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Kuddus MR, Yamano M, Rumi F, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Aizawa T. Enhanced expression of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide snakin-1 in Escherichia coli using an aggregation-prone protein coexpression system. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1520-1528. [PMID: 28556600 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Snakin-1 (SN-1) is a cysteine-rich plant antimicrobial peptide and the first purified member of the snakin family. SN-1 shows potent activity against a wide range of microorganisms, and thus has great biotechnological potential as an antimicrobial agent. Here, we produced recombinant SN-1 in Escherichia coli by a previously developed coexpression method using an aggregation-prone partner protein. Our goal was to increase the productivity of SN-1 via the enhanced formation of insoluble inclusion bodies in E. coli cells. The yield of SN-1 by the coexpression method was better than that by direct expression in E. coli cells. After refolding and purification, we obtained several milligrams of functionally active SN-1, the identity of which was verified by MALDI-TOF MS and NMR studies. The purified recombinant SN-1 showed effective antimicrobial activity against test organisms. Our studies indicate that the coexpression method using an aggregation-prone partner protein can serve as a suitable expression system for the efficient production of functionally active SN-1. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1520-1528, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ruhul Kuddus
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Megumi Yamano
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Farhana Rumi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Inst. for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Inst. for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Inst. for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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45
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Wu Y, Fan W, Li X, Chen H, Takáč T, Šamajová O, Fabrice MR, Xie L, Ma J, Šamaj J, Xu C. Expression and distribution of extensins and AGPs in susceptible and resistant banana cultivars in response to wounding and Fusarium oxysporum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42400. [PMID: 28218299 PMCID: PMC5316987 DOI: 10.1038/srep42400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Banana Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is soil-borne disease of banana (Musa spp.) causing significant economic losses. Extensins and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are cell wall components important for pathogen defence. Their significance for Foc resistance in banana was not reported so far. In this study, two banana cultivars differing in Foc sensitivity were used to monitor the changes in transcript levels, abundance and distribution of extensins and AGPs after wounding and Foc inoculation. Extensins mainly appeared in the root cap and meristematic cells. AGPs recognized by JIM13, JIM8, PN16.4B4 and CCRC-M134 antibodies located in root hairs, xylem and root cap. Individual AGPs and extensins showed specific radial distribution in banana roots. At the transcript level, seven extensins and 23 AGPs were differentially expressed between two banana cultivars before and after treatments. Two extensins and five AGPs responded to the treatments at the protein level. Most extensins and AGPs were up-regulated by wounding and pathogen inoculation of intact plants but down-regulated by pathogen attack of wounded plants. Main components responsible for the resistance of banana were MaELP-2 and MaPELP-2. Our data revealed that AGPs and extensins represent dynamic cell wall components involved in wounding and Foc resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Wu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Houbin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ling Xie
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Ma
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhang S, Wang X. One new kind of phytohormonal signaling integrator: Up-and-coming GASA family genes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1226453. [PMID: 27574012 PMCID: PMC5351724 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1226453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
GASA proteins are characterized by an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal conserved GASA domain with 12 invariant cysteine residues. Despite being widely distributed among plant species, their functions are not completely elucidated and little is known about their mechanism of action. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the molecular structure, protein subcellular localization and phytohormones responses of this up-and-coming family of peptides. Furthermore, we discussed the roles of GASA proteins in plant growth and development, plant responses to biotic or abiotic stresses and their participation in phytohormonal signaling integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Xiaojing Wang
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Herbel V, Sieber-Frank J, Wink M. The antimicrobial peptide snakin-2 is upregulated in the defense response of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) as part of the jasmonate-dependent signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 208:1-6. [PMID: 27888675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by all living organisms and play an important role in innate immunity because they are readily available and non-specific against invading pathogenic microorganisms. Snakin-2 (SN2) from tomato is a short, cationic peptide that forms lethal pores in biomembranes of microbes. In plant cells, SN2 is produced as a prepeptide with a signal sequence for ER targeting and an acidic region to decrease toxicity in the producing organism. Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR in tomato plants demonstrated that SN2 is constitutively expressed, mostly in leaves and flowers. After fungal infection, wounding, or external application of phytohormones (such as methyl jasmonate, MeJa) operating in the JA-dependent defense response, a systemic reaction with an elevated expression of the SN2 gene is triggered in all parts of tomato plants. Abiotic stress factors like extreme temperatures or dehydration do not affect SN2 expression. Upon wounding, the expression of SN2 and LoxD are strongly enhanced in tomato fruits. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the protein level of bioactive SN2 is also increased upon application of methyl jasmonate in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Herbel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Sieber-Frank
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yuan XY, Wang RH, Zhao XD, Luo YB, Fu DQ. Role of the Tomato Non-Ripening Mutation in Regulating Fruit Quality Elucidated Using iTRAQ Protein Profile Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164335. [PMID: 27732677 PMCID: PMC5061430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural mutants of the Non-ripening (Nor) gene repress the normal ripening of tomato fruit. The molecular mechanism of fruit ripening regulation by the Nor gene is unclear. To elucidate how the Nor gene can affect ripening and fruit quality at the protein level, we used the fruits of Nor mutants and wild-type Ailsa Craig (AC) to perform iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) analysis. The Nor mutation altered tomato fruit ripening and affected quality in various respects, including ethylene biosynthesis by down-regulating the abundance of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), pigment biosynthesis by repressing phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1), ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), chalcone synthase 1 (CHS1) and other proteins, enhancing fruit firmness by increasing the abundance of cellulose synthase protein, while reducing those of polygalacturonase 2 (PG2) and pectate lyase (PL), altering biosynthesis of nutrients such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and anthocyanins. Conversely, Nor mutation also enhanced the fruit’s resistance to some pathogens by up-regulating the expression of several genes associated with stress and defense. Therefore, the Nor gene is involved in the regulation of fruit ripening and quality. It is useful in the future as a means to improve fruit quality in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Yuan
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Rui-Heng Wang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Bo Luo
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Leo AE, Linde CC, Ford R. Defence gene expression profiling to Ascochyta rabiei aggressiveness in chickpea. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:1333-1345. [PMID: 27083569 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Significant differences in defence pathway-related gene expression were observed among chickpea cultivars following A. rabiei infection. Differential gene expression is indicative of diverse resistances, a theoretical tool for selective breeding. A high number of Ascochyta rabiei pathotypes infecting chickpea in Australia has severely hampered efforts towards breeding for sustained quantitative resistance in chickpea. Breeding for sustained resistance will be aided by detailed knowledge of defence responses to isolates with different aggressiveness. As an initial step, the conserved and differential expressions of a suit of previously characterised genes known to be involved in fungal defence mechanisms were assessed among resistant and susceptible host genotypes following inoculation with high or low aggressive A. rabiei isolates. Using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR), 15 defence-related genes, normalised with two reference genes, were temporally differentially expressed (P < 0.005) as early as 2 h post inoculation of Genesis090 (resistant) or Kaniva (susceptible). The highly aggressive isolate, 09KAL09, induced vastly different expression profiles of eight key defence-related genes among resistant and susceptible genotypes. Six of these same genes were differentially expressed among ten host genotypes, inclusive of the best resistance sources within the Australian chickpea breeding program, indicating potential use for discrimination and selection of resistance "type" in future breeding pursuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey E Leo
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Celeste C Linde
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 116 Daley Rd, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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50
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Herbel V, Wink M. Mode of action and membrane specificity of the antimicrobial peptide snakin-2. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1987. [PMID: 27190708 PMCID: PMC4867707 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse group of short, cationic peptides which are naturally occurring molecules in the first-line defense of most living organisms. They represent promising candidates for the treatment of pathogenic microorganisms. Snakin-2 (SN2) from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is stabilized through six intramolecular disulphide bridges; it shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, and it agglomerates single cells prior to killing. In this study, we further characterized SN2 by providing time-kill curves and corresponding growth inhibition analysis of model organisms, such as E. coli or B. subtilis. SN2 was produced recombinantly in E. coli with thioredoxin as fusion protein, which was removed after affinity purification by proteolytic digestion. Furthermore, the target specificity of SN2 was investigated by means of hemolysis and hemagglutination assays; its effect on plant cell membranes of isolated protoplasts was investigated by microscopy. SN2 shows a non-specific pore-forming effect in all tested membranes. We suggest that SN2 could be useful as a preservative agent to protect food, pharmaceuticals, or cosmetics from decomposition by microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Herbel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
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