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Huang HW, Chen MJ. Exploring the Preventive and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Probiotics in Chronic Kidney Disease through the Gut-Kidney Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8347-8364. [PMID: 38571475 PMCID: PMC11036402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis contributes to deterioration of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Probiotics are a potential approach to modulate gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites to alleviate CKD progression. We aim to provide a comprehensive view of CKD-related gut dysbiosis and a critical perspective on probiotic function in CKD. First, this review addresses gut microbial alterations during CKD progression and the adverse effects associated with the changes in gut-derived metabolites. Second, we conduct a thorough examination of the latest clinical trials involving probiotic intervention to unravel critical pathways via the gut-kidney axis. Finally, we propose our viewpoints on limitations, further considerations, and future research prospects of probiotic adjuvant therapy in alleviating CKD progression. Enhancing our understanding of host-microbe interactions is crucial for gaining precise insights into the mechanisms through which probiotics exert their effects and identifying factors that influence the effectiveness of probiotics in developing strategies to optimize their use and enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wen Huang
- Department
of Animal Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, No. 50, Ln. 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Taipei 10673, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department
of Animal Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, No. 50, Ln. 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Taipei 10673, Taiwan
- Center
for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 81, Changxing Street, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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2
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Frickmann H, Schwinge K, Podbielski A, Warnke P. Preanalytical, Analytical and Postanalytical Analyses on Corynebacterium spp. and Actinomycetaceae in Urine Samples of Patients with Suspected Urinary Tract Infection-A Hypothesis-Forming Observational Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:746. [PMID: 38611658 PMCID: PMC11011480 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A hypothesis-forming exploratory cross-sectional assessment was conducted to assess the occurrence and relevance of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria like Corynebacterium spp. and Actinomycetaceae in human urine samples. In total, 1170 urine samples from 1031 inpatients with suspected urinary tract infection were assessed for culture-based growth of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria applying API Coryne assays, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and in-house 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, 502 different bacterial colonies from 346 urine samples taken from 324 inpatients were observed. The three quantitatively most abundant genera or genus clusters were Corynebacterium (254 isolates, 62%), Actinomyces/Winkia (79 isolates, 19%), and Actinotignum/Actinobaculum (29 isolates, 7%). Compared to sequencing, the diagnostic accuracy of all assessed competitor assays from the diagnostic routine was <80% for differentiation on the genus level and <30% for differentiation on the species level. Prolongated incubation for 4 days compared to 2 days resulted in additional detection of 15% of the totally recorded Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. An approximately 5-fold increased detection rate in mid-stream urine compared to urine acquired applying alternative sampling strategies was observed. In conclusion, in the rare event of the suspected clinical relevance of such findings, confirmatory testing with invasively sampled urine should be considered due to the high contamination rate observed in mid-stream urine. Confirmatory testing by DNA-sequencing methods should be considered if an exact identification of genus or species is regarded as relevant for the individual choice of the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20239 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwinge
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Podbielski
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Philipp Warnke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.S.); (A.P.)
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3
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Araujo R, Merino-Ribas A, Pereira L, Campos J, Silva N, Alencastre IS, Pestana M, Sampaio-Maia B. The urogenital microbiome in chronic kidney disease patients on peritoneal dialysis. Nefrologia 2024; 44:194-203. [PMID: 38697697 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes, dyslipidemia, older age, gender, urinary tract infections, and recent antibiotic intake have been associated with a decrease in the urobiome richness and other fluctuations in this microbiome. Gut and blood microbiome have been reported to be altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and specifically in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Still, there are currently no studies describing the urogenital microbiome in CKD-PD patients. In this study we characterized the urobiome profile in 46 PD patients and analyzed its clinical and inflammatory parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mid-stream urine, fecal and blood samples were collected from 46 patients undergoing PD at Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ) in Porto, Portugal. Exclusion criteria were age under 18 years old, inability to give informed consent, history of infection in the last three months, and antibiotic intake in the last three months. The microbiome communities were analyzed by amplification and sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Correlations with the patients' clinical data and inflammatory profile were performed. RESULTS CKD-PD patients presented a unique urobiome profile dominated by Bacillota, Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota and characterized by a lower Shannon diversity than fecal and blood microbiome. The taxonomic profiles of urogenital samples were organized in multiple subtypes dominated by populations of Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, being similar to other non-PD-CKD patients. Gender, sCD14, residual diuresis and history of peritonitis were significantly associated to variations in the urobiome. Although not reaching statistical significance, diabetes and the time on PD also showed association with particular taxonomic groups. Depletion of Gardnerella, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus or Dermabacter populations correlated with CKD-PD patients with history of diabetes, history of peritonitis and altered levels of sCD14. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight urogenital microbiome as a potential partner and/or marker in the overall health state of CKD-PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Araujo
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Merino-Ribas
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Campos
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nádia Silva
- Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Soares Alencastre
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Pestana
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tang Z, Yu S, Pan Y. The gut microbiome tango in the progression of chronic kidney disease and potential therapeutic strategies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:689. [PMID: 37789439 PMCID: PMC10546717 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% population worldwide and becomes a huge burden to the world. Recent studies have revealed multifold interactions between CKD and gut microbiome and their pathophysiological implications. The gut microbiome disturbed by CKD results in the imbalanced composition and quantity of gut microbiota and subsequent changes in its metabolites and functions. Studies have shown that both the dysbiotic gut microbiota and its metabolites have negative impacts on the immune system and aggravate diseases in different ways. Herein, we give an overview of the currently known mechanisms of CKD progression and the alterations of the immune system. Particularly, we summarize the effects of uremic toxins on the immune system and review the roles of gut microbiota in promoting the development of different kidney diseases. Finally, we discuss the current sequencing technologies and novel therapies targeting the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Pantazi AC, Kassim MAK, Nori W, Tuta LA, Mihai CM, Chisnoiu T, Balasa AL, Mihai L, Lupu A, Frecus CE, Lupu VV, Chirila SI, Badescu AG, Hangan LT, Cambrea SC. Clinical Perspectives of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease: Where Do We Stand? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2480. [PMID: 37760920 PMCID: PMC10525496 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a vital role in human health, with increasing evidence linking its imbalance to chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Although the exact methods underlying kidney-GM crosstalk are not fully understood, interventions targeting GM were made and lay in three aspects: diagnostic, predictive, and therapeutic interventions. While these interventions show promising results in reducing uremic toxins and inflammation, challenges remain in the form of patient-specific GM variability, potential side effects, and safety concerns. Our understanding of GMs role in kidney disease is still evolving, necessitating further research to elucidate the causal relationship and mechanistic interactions. Personalized interventions focusing on specific GM signatures could enhance patient outcomes. However, comprehensive clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches' safety, efficacy, and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wassan Nori
- College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Liliana Ana Tuta
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristina Maria Mihai
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Tatiana Chisnoiu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Adriana Luminita Balasa
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Larisia Mihai
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Corina Elena Frecus
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Ioachim Chirila
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
| | | | - Laurentiu-Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
| | - Simona Claudia Cambrea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
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Yang Y, Ma C, Li S, Cai W, Dai W, Zhang X, Yin L, Donge Tang, Liu F, Dai Y. Urinary microbiota and serum metabolite analysis in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17040. [PMID: 37521000 PMCID: PMC10382294 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and potentially fatal consequence of diabetes. Chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease may result over time. Numerous studies have demonstrated the function of the microbiota in health and disease. The use of advanced urine culture techniques revealed the presence of resident microbiota in the urinary tract, undermining the idea of urine sterility. Studies have demonstrated that the urine microbiota is related with urological illnesses; nevertheless, the fundamental mechanisms by which the urinary microbiota influences the incidence and progression of DKD remain unclear. The purpose of this research was to describe key characteristics of the patients with DKD urinary microbiota in order to facilitate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic for DKD. Methods We evaluated the structure and composition of the microbiota extracted from urine samples taken from DKD patients (n = 19) and matched healthy controls (n = 15) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Meanwhile, serum metabolite profiles were compared using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Associations between clinical characteristics, urine microbiota, and serum metabolites were also examined. Finally, the interaction between urine microbiota and serum metabolites was clarified based on differential metabolite abundance analysis. Results The findings indicated that the DKD had a distinct urinary microbiota from the healthy controls (HC). Taxonomic investigations indicated that the DKD microbiome had less alpha diversity than a control group. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria phyla increased in the DKD, while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Acidobacteria was the most prevalent microbiota in the DKD, as determined by the Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) plot. Changes in the urinary microbiota of DKD also had an effect on the makeup of metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) were shown to be specific. Then we discovered that arginine and proline metabolism was the primary mechanism involved in the regulation of diabetic kidney disease. Conclusions This study placed the urinary microbiota and serum metabolite of DKD patients into a functional framework and identified the most abundant microbiota in DKD (Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria). Arginine metabolites may have a major effect on DKD patients, which correlated with the progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chiyu Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Shishi Li
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Depart of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
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Jaworska MM, Pecyna P, Jaskiewicz K, Rydzanicz M, Kaluzna M, Pawlaczyk K, Ploski R, Nowak-Malczewska DM, Karolak JA, Gajecka M. Differences in the composition of the bacterial element of the urinary tract microbiome in patients undergoing dialysis and patients after kidney transplantation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1187625. [PMID: 37350786 PMCID: PMC10282556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1187625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of molecular biology methods and their application in microbial research allowed the detection of many new pathogens that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). Despite the advances of using new research techniques, the etiopathogenesis of UTIs, especially in patients undergoing dialysis and patients after kidney transplantation, is still not fully understood. Methods This study aimed to characterize and compare the composition of the bacterial element of the urinary tract microbiome between the groups of patients undergoing dialysis (n = 50) and patients after kidney transplantation (n = 50), with positive or negative urine culture, compared to healthy individuals (n = 50). Results Asymptomatic bacteriuria was observed in 30% of the urine cultures of patients undergoing dialysis and patients after kidney transplantation, with Escherichia coli as the most dominant microorganism (73%) detected with the use of classical microbiology techniques. However, differences in the bacterial composition of the urine samples between the evaluated patient groups were demonstrated using the amplicon sequencing. Finegoldia, Leptotrichia, and Corynebacterium were found to be discriminative bacteria genera in patients after dialysis and kidney transplantation compared to the control group. In addition, in all of urine samples, including those without bacteriuria in classical urine culture, many types of bacteria have been identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Discussion The revealed microbial characteristics may form the basis in searching for new diagnostic markers in treatment of patients undergoing dialysis and patients after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina M. Jaworska
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Pecyna
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Malgorzata Kaluzna
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawlaczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota M. Nowak-Malczewska
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna A. Karolak
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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8
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Hrbáček J, Tláskal V, Čermák P, Hanáček V, Zachoval R. Bladder cancer is associated with decreased urinary microbiota diversity and alterations in microbial community composition. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:107.e15-107.e22. [PMID: 36402713 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human urine microbiota (UM) research has uncovered associations between composition of microbial communities of the lower urinary tract and various disease states including several reports on the putative link between UM and bladder cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to investigate male UM in patients with BC and controls using catheterised urine specimens unlike in previous studies. METHODS Urine samples were obtained in theatre after surgical prepping and draping using aseptic catheterisation. DNA was extracted and hypervariable region V4 of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using 515F and 806R primers. Sequencing was performed on Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing data were processed using appropriate software tools. Alpha diversity measures were calculated and compared between groups. Prevalence Interval for Microbiome Evaluation was used to test differences in beta diversity. RESULTS A total of 63 samples were included in the analysis. Mean age of study subjects was 65.1 years (SD 12.5). Thirty-four men had bladder cancer and 29 participants were undergoing interventions for benign conditions (benign prostate hyperplasia or upper urinary tract stone disease). BC patients had lower UM richness and diversity than controls (83 vs. 139 operational taxonomic units, P = 0.015; Shannon index: 2.46 vs. 2.94, P = 0.049). There were specific taxa enriched in cancer (Veillonella, Varibaculum, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum) and control groups (Pasteurella, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter), respectively. CONCLUSION BC patients had lower bladder microbiota richness and diversity than controls. Specific genera were enriched in cancer and control groups, respectively. These results corroborate some of previous reports while contradicting others. Future microbiota research would benefit from parallel transcriptomic/metabolomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hrbáček
- Department of Urology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtěch Tláskal
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice
| | - Pavel Čermák
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Hanáček
- Department of Urology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Zachoval
- Department of Urology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Mrofchak R, Madden C, Evans MV, Kisseberth WC, Dhawan D, Knapp DW, Hale VL. Urine and fecal microbiota in a canine model of bladder cancer and comparison of canine and human urine microbiota. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2154858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mrofchak
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Madden
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Morgan V. Evans
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Divison of Environmental Health Sciences, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William C. Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Deborah W. Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Vanessa L. Hale
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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de Cock M, Fonville M, de Vries A, Bossers A, van den Bogert B, Hakze-van der Honing R, Koets A, Sprong H, van der Poel W, Maas M. Screen the unforeseen: Microbiome-profiling for detection of zoonotic pathogens in wild rats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3881-3895. [PMID: 36404584 PMCID: PMC10099244 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wild rats can host various zoonotic pathogens. Detection of these pathogens is commonly performed using molecular techniques targeting one or a few specific pathogens. However, this specific way of surveillance could lead to (emerging) zoonotic pathogens staying unnoticed. This problem may be overcome by using broader microbiome-profiling techniques, which enable broad screening of a sample's bacterial or viral composition. In this study, we investigated if 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing would be a suitable tool for the detection of zoonotic bacteria in wild rats. Moreover, we used virome-enriched (VirCapSeq) sequencing to detect zoonotic viruses. DNA from kidney samples of 147 wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and 42 black rats (Rattus rattus) was used for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. Blocking primers were developed to reduce the amplification of rat host DNA. The kidney bacterial composition was studied using alpha- and beta-diversity metrics and statistically assessed using PERMANOVA and SIMPER analyses. From the sequencing data, 14 potentially zoonotic bacterial genera were identified from which the presence of zoonotic Leptospira spp. and Bartonella tribocorum was confirmed by (q)PCR or Sanger sequencing. In addition, more than 65% of all samples were dominated (>50% reads) by one of three bacterial taxa: Streptococcus (n = 59), Mycoplasma (n = 39) and Leptospira (n = 25). These taxa also showed the highest contribution to the observed differences in beta diversity. VirCapSeq sequencing in rat liver samples detected the potentially zoonotic rat hepatitis E virus in three rats. Although 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was limited in its capacity for species level identifications and can be more difficult to interpret due to the influence of contaminating sequences in these low microbial biomass samples, we believe it has potential to be a suitable pre-screening method in the future to get a better overview of potentially zoonotic bacteria that are circulating in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke de Cock
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Manoj Fonville
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ankje de Vries
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ad Koets
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van der Poel
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Maas
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Chen R, Zhu D, Yang R, Wu Z, Xu N, Chen F, Zhang S, Chen H, Li M, Hou K. Gut microbiota diversity in middle-aged and elderly patients with end-stage diabetic kidney disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:750. [PMID: 35957707 PMCID: PMC9358493 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but the mechanism between DKD and ESRD remains unclear. Some experts have put forward the "microbial-centered ESRD development theory", believing that the bacterial load caused by gut microecological imbalance and uremia toxin transfer are the core pathogenic links. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genomic characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with ESRD, specifically DKD or non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients with ESRD were recruited in a community, including 22 DKD patients and 22 NDKD patients matched using gender and age. Fecal samples of patients were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing and gut microbiota analysis. The distribution structure, diversity, and abundance of microflora in DKD patients were analyzed by constructing species evolutionary trees and analyzing alpha diversity, beta diversity, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). RESULTS The results of our study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the richness and species of gut microbiota at the total level between DKD patients and NDKD patients. The analysis of genus level between the two groups showed significant differences in 16 bacterial genera. Among them, Oscillibacter, Bilophila, UBA1819, Ruminococcaceae UCG-004, Anaerotruncus, Ruminococcaceae, and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 bacteria in DKD patients were higher than those in NDKD patients. CONCLUSIONS 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used in this study to analyze the characteristics of intestinal flora in ESRD patients with or without diabetes. We found that there was a significant difference in the intestinal flora of ESRD patients caused by DKD and NDKD, suggesting that these may be potential causative bacteria for the development of ERSD in DKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongping Chen
- School of Laboratory Medical and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhen Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengwu Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Laboratory Medical and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijian Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Jinxia Community Health Service Centre, Shantou, China
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12
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Bladder Microbiota Are Associated with Clinical Conditions That Extend beyond the Urinary Tract. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050874. [PMID: 35630319 PMCID: PMC9147640 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Since the discovery of the human urinary microbiota (UM), alterations in microbial community composition have been associated with various genitourinary conditions. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine possible associations of UM with clinical conditions beyond the urinary tract and to test some of the conclusions from previous studies on UM. Methods. Catheterised urine samples from 87 men were collected prior to endoscopic urological interventions under anaesthesia. The composition of the bacterial community in urine was characterized using the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples from 58 patients yielded a sufficient amount of bacterial DNA for analysis. Alpha diversity measures (number of operational taxonomic units, ACE, iChao2, Shannon and Simpson indices) were compared with the Kruskal–Wallis test. Beta diversity (differences in microbial community composition) was assessed using non-metric dimensional scaling in combination with the Prevalence in Microbiome Analysis algorithm. Results. Differences in bacterial richness and diversity were observed for the following variables: age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking status and single-dose preoperative antibiotics. Differences in microbial community composition were observed in the presence of chronic kidney disease, lower urinary tract symptoms and antibiotic prophylaxis. Conclusions. UM appears to be associated with certain clinical conditions, including those unrelated to the urinary tract. Further investigation is needed before conclusions can be drawn for diagnostics and treatment.
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13
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The Urobiome and Its Role in Overactive Bladder. Int Neurourol J 2022; 26:190-200. [PMID: 35468617 PMCID: PMC9537439 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2244016.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine is no longer considered to be sterile. After the existence of the microbiome was revealed through metagenomic analysis using next-generation sequencing, the relationship between characteristics of the microbiome and diseases have been studied and published in various journals. A microbiome exists in the urinary tract and is associated with urinary tract infection, malignancy of the genitourinary tract, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Based on the urine sampling method, sampling site, culture method, and sex, the characteristics of the microbiome vary. Most of the Lactobacillus species are identified mainly in women, and various other species are identified in men. These microorganisms can cause or prevent various diseases. Variations in the microbiome are seen in those with and without disease, and an asymptomatic status does not indicate the absence of microbes. This microbiome has been implicated in a variety of lower urinary tract symptoms and diseases, in particular, overactive bladder. The microbiome differs between patients with urgency and urge urinary incontinence and healthy individuals. There are many aspects of the microbiome yet to be studied in relation to other lower urinary tract symptoms.
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14
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Wehedy E, Shatat IF, Al Khodor S. The Human Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:790783. [PMID: 35111779 PMCID: PMC8801809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.790783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Current treatments for CKD include therapeutics to target factors that contribute to CKD progression, including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, and drugs to control blood pressure and proteinuria control. Recently, associations between chronic disease processes and the human microbiota and its metabolites have been demonstrated. Dysbiosis—a change in the microbial diversity—has been observed in patients with CKD. The relationship between CKD and dysbiosis is bidirectional; gut-derived metabolites and toxins affect the progression of CKD, and the uremic milieu affects the microbiota. The accumulation of microbial metabolites and toxins is linked to the loss of kidney functions and increased mortality risk, yet renoprotective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids help restore kidney functions and increase the survival rate in CKD patients. Specific dietary interventions to alter the gut microbiome could improve clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. Low-protein and high-fiber diets increase the abundance of bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory bacteria. Fluctuations in the urinary microbiome are linked to increased susceptibility to infection and antibiotic resistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of the gut, urinary and blood microbiome in CKD pathophysiology and assess the feasibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic tool for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Wehedy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Souhaila Al Khodor
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15
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Kato I, Zhang J, Sun J. Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:425. [PMID: 35053587 PMCID: PMC8773491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, have been linked to pathogenesis of human cancers, whereas viruses and bacteria account for more than 99% of infection associated cancers. The human microbiome consists of not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi. The microbiome co-residing in specific anatomic niches may modulate oncologic potentials of infectious agents in carcinogenesis. In this review, we focused on interactions between viruses and bacteria for cancers arising from the orodigestive tract and the female genital tract. We examined the interactions of these two different biological entities in the context of human carcinogenesis in the following three fashions: (1) direct interactions, (2) indirect interactions, and (3) no interaction between the two groups, but both acting on the same host carcinogenic pathways, yielding synergistic or additive effects in human cancers, e.g., head and neck cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and cervical cancer. We discuss the progress in the current literature and summarize the mechanisms of host-viral-bacterial interactions in various human cancers. Our goal was to evaluate existing evidence and identify gaps in the knowledge for future directions in infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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16
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Hrbacek J, Morais D, Cermak P, Hanacek V, Zachoval R. Alpha-diversity and microbial community structure of the male urinary microbiota depend on urine sampling method. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23758. [PMID: 34887510 PMCID: PMC8660768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable variation exists in the methodology of urinary microbiota studies published so far including the cornerstone of any biomedical analysis: sample collection. The aim of this study was to compare the urinary microbiota of first-catch voided urine (FCU), mid-stream voided urine (MSU) and aseptically catheterised urine in men and define the most suitable urine sampling method. Forty-nine men (mean age 71.3 years) undergoing endoscopic urological procedures were enrolled in the study. Each of them contributed three samples: first-catch urine (FCU), mid-stream urine (MSU) and a catheterised urine sample. The samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS, n = 35) and expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC, n = 31). Using NGS, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla in our population. The most abundant genera (in order of relative abundance) included: Prevotella, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Porphyromonas, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Ezakiella, Escherichia and Dialister. Eighty-two of 105 samples were dominated by a single genus. FCU, MSU and catheterised urine samples differed significantly in three of five alpha-diversity measures (ANOVA, p < 0.05): estimated number of operational taxonomic units, Chao1 and abundance-based coverage estimators. Beta-diversity comparisons using the PIME method (Prevalence Interval for Microbiome Evaluation) resulted in clustering of urine samples according to the mode of sampling. EQUC detected cultivable bacteria in 30/31 (97%) FCU and 27/31 (87%) MSU samples. Only 4/31 (13%) of catheterised urine samples showed bacterial growth. Urine samples obtained by transurethral catheterisation under aseptic conditions seem to differ from spontaneously voided urine samples. Whether the added value of a more exact reflection of the bladder microbiota free from urethral contamination outweighs the invasiveness of urethral catheterisation remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hrbacek
- Department of Urology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Videnska 800, 14059, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Morais
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cermak
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Thomayer University Hospital, Videnska 800, 14059, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Hanacek
- Department of Urology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Videnska 800, 14059, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Zachoval
- Department of Urology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Videnska 800, 14059, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Ye Q, Wu L, Zhu B, Zhang G, Yang B, Jin P, Zhu X, Xie J, Ding X. Risk factors for urinary tract infection in kidney transplantation from brain death donor and its role in graft function. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:1220-1226. [PMID: 34911856 PMCID: PMC10929851 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection complication after kidney transplantation, and the reports of the incidence vary greatly among different centers. This study aims to explore the risk factors for UTI after kidney transplantation with the donation from brain death (DBD) and the impact on graft function, thus to provide theoretical basis for comprehensive prevention and treatment of UTI after kidney transplantation. METHODS The clinical and laboratory data of DBD kidney transplantation from January 2017 to December 2018 in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were assigned into an UTI group and a non-UTI group. The base line characteristics, post-transplant complications, and graft function were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for UTI. RESULTS A total of 212 DBD kidney transplant recipients were enrolled in this study. UTI occurred in 44 (20.75%) patients after transplantation. The female, the time of indwelling catheter, and postoperative urinary fistula were independent risk factors for UTI after DBD kidney transplantation. A total of 19 strains of gram-positive bacteria, 12 strains of gram-negative bacteria , and 10 strains of fungi were isolated from the urine of 44 UTI patients. The UTI after kidney transplantation significantly increased time of hospital stay (P<0.001) and raised the cost for antibiotics (P=0.004). The graft function was much worse in the UTI group compared with the non-UTI group (P<0.001) at 3 months after transplantation. Twenty (45.45%) patients recurred UTI within one year after transplantation. Non-hemodialysis before transplantation and perioperative combination of antibacterial and antifungal drugs were independent risk factors for recurrence of UTI. CONCLUSIONS UTI after DBD kidney transplantation transplantation affects the renal function at 3 months and increases the patient's economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Lielin Wu
- Departmentof Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bisong Zhu
- Departmentof Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Departmentof Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Departmentof Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Departmentof Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhu
- Departmentof Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jinliang Xie
- Departmentof Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Departmentof Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China.
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18
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Jayalath S, Magana-Arachchi D. Dysbiosis of the Human Urinary Microbiome and its Association to Diseases Affecting the Urinary System. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 62:153-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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19
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Abstract
Although feline urinary tract diseases cause high morbidity and mortality rates, and subclinical bacteriuria is not uncommon, the feline urinary microbiome has not been characterized. We conducted a case-control study to identify the feline urinary bladder microbiome and assess its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD), feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), and positive urine cultures (PUCs). Of 108 feline urine samples subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 48 (44.4%) samples reached the 500-sequence rarefaction threshold and were selected for further analysis, suggesting that the feline bladder microbiome is typically sparse. Selected samples included 17 CKD, 9 FIC, 8 PUC cases and 14 controls. Among these, 19 phyla, 145 families, and 218 genera were identified. Proteobacteria were the most abundant, followed by Firmicutes. Notably, four major urotypes were identified, including two urotypes predominated by Escherichia-Shigella or Enterococcus and two others characterized by relatively high alpha diversity, Diverse 1 and Diverse 2. Urotype was associated with disease status (P value of 0.040), with the Escherichia-Shigella-predominant urotype being present in 53% of CKD cases and in all of the Escherichia coli PUC cases. Reflecting these patterns, the overall microbial composition of CKD cases was more similar to that of E. coli PUC cases than to that of controls (P value of <0.001). Finally, PUC cases had microbial compositions distinct from those of controls as well as CKD and FIC cases, with significantly lower Shannon diversity and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity values. IMPORTANCE Despite the clinical importance of urinary diseases in cats, the presence of resident urine microbes has not been demonstrated in cats, and the role of these microbes as a community in urinary health remains unknown. Here, we have shown that cats with and without urinary tract disease harbor unique microbial communities in their urine. We found no evidence to suggest that the bladder microbiome is implicated in the pathogenesis of feline idiopathic cystitis, a disease similar to bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis in humans. However, cats with chronic kidney disease had dysbiosis of their bladder microbiome, which was predominated by Escherichia-Shigella and had a community structure similar to that of cats with Escherichia coli cystitis. These findings suggest that chronic kidney disease alters the bladder environment to favor Escherichia-Shigella colonization, potentially increasing the risk of overt clinical infection.
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20
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Mrofchak R, Madden C, Evans MV, Hale VL. Evaluating extraction methods to study canine urine microbiota. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253989. [PMID: 34242284 PMCID: PMC8270191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The urinary microbiota is the collection of microbes present in urine that may play a role in host health. Studies of urine microbiota have traditionally relied upon culturing methods aimed at identifying pathogens. However, recent culture-free sequencing studies of the urine microbiota have determined that a diverse array of microbes is present in health and disease. To study these microbes and their potential role in diseases like bladder cancer or interstitial cystitis, consistent extraction and detection of bacterial DNA from urine is critical. However, urine is a low biomass substrate, requiring sensitive methods to capture DNA and making the risk of contamination high. To address this challenge, we collected urine samples from ten healthy dogs and extracted DNA from each sample using five different commercially available extraction methods. Extraction methods were compared based on total and bacterial DNA concentrations and bacterial community composition and diversity assessed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant differences in the urinary microbiota were observed by dog and sex but not extraction method. The Bacteremia Kit yielded the highest total DNA concentrations (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.165, not significant) and the highest bacterial DNA concentrations (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.044). Bacteremia also extracted bacterial DNA from the greatest number of samples. Taken together, these results suggest that the Bacteremia kit is an effective option for studying the urine microbiota. This work lays the foundation to study the urine microbiome in a wide range of urogenital diseases in dogs and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mrofchak
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christopher Madden
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Morgan V. Evans
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vanessa L. Hale
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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21
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Jones-Freeman B, Chonwerawong M, Marcelino VR, Deshpande AV, Forster SC, Starkey MR. The microbiome and host mucosal interactions in urinary tract diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:779-792. [PMID: 33542492 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The urinary tract consists of the bladder, ureters, and kidneys, and is an essential organ system for filtration and excretion of waste products and maintaining systemic homeostasis. In this capacity, the urinary tract is impacted by its interactions with other mucosal sites, including the genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems. Each of these sites harbors diverse ecosystems of microbes termed the microbiota, that regulates complex interactions with the local and systemic immune system. It remains unclear whether changes in the microbiota and associated metabolites may be a consequence or a driver of urinary tract diseases. Here, we review the current literature, investigating the impact of the microbiota on the urinary tract in homeostasis and disease including urinary stones, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and urinary tract infection. We propose new avenues for exploration of the urinary microbiome using emerging technology and discuss the potential of microbiome-based medicine for urinary tract conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Marcelino
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Aniruddh V Deshpande
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Urology and Surgery, John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Urology Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel C Forster
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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Genome Investigation of Urinary Gardnerella Strains and Their Relationship to Isolates of the Vaginal Microbiota. mSphere 2021; 6:6/3/e00154-21. [PMID: 33980674 PMCID: PMC8125048 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00154-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardnerella is a frequent member of the urogenital microbiota. Given the association between Gardnerella vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis (BV), significant efforts have been focused on characterizing this species in the vaginal microbiota. However, Gardnerella also is a frequent member of the urinary microbiota. In an effort to characterize the bacterial species of the urinary microbiota, we present here 10 genomes of urinary Gardnerella isolates from women with and without lower urinary tract symptoms. These genomes complement those of 22 urinary Gardnerella strains previously isolated and sequenced by our team. We included these genomes in a comparative genome analysis of all publicly available Gardnerella genomes, which include 33 urinary isolates, 78 vaginal isolates, and 2 other isolates. While once this genus was thought to consist of a single species, recent comparative genome analyses have revealed 3 new species and an additional 9 groups within Gardnerella Based upon our analysis, we suggest a new group for the species. We also find that distinction between these Gardnerella species/groups is possible only when considering the core or whole-genome sequence, as neither the sialidase nor vaginolysin genes are sufficient for distinguishing between species/groups despite their clinical importance. In contrast to the vaginal microbiota, we found that only five Gardnerella species/groups have been detected within the lower urinary tract. Although we found no association between a particular Gardnerella species/group(s) and urinary symptoms, further sequencing of urinary Gardnerella isolates is needed for both comprehensive taxonomic characterization and etiological classification of Gardnerella in the urinary tract.IMPORTANCE Prior research into the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis has largely focused on its association with bacterial vaginosis (BV). However, G. vaginalis is also frequently found within the urinary microbiota of women with and without lower urinary tract symptoms as well as individuals with chronic kidney disease, interstitial cystitis, and BV. This prompted our investigation into Gardnerella from the urinary microbiota and all publicly available Gardnerella genomes from the urogenital tract. Our work suggests that while some Gardnerella species can survive in both the urinary tract and vagina, others likely cannot. This study provides the foundation for future studies of Gardnerella within the urinary tract and its possible contribution to lower urinary tract symptoms.
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23
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Yoo JJ, Shin HB, Song JS, Kim M, Yun J, Kim Z, Lee YM, Lee SW, Lee KW, Kim WB, Ryu CB, Park SW, Park SK, Song HY, Kim YH. Urinary Microbiome Characteristics in Female Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Recurrent Cystitis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051097. [PMID: 33807946 PMCID: PMC7961880 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the diagnostic mainstay of recurrent urinary tract infection has been urinary culture. However, the causative uropathogen of recurrent cystitis has not been well established. Urine DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) can provide additional information on these infections. Herein, we compared urine NGS results and urine cultures in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) and recurrent cystitis (RC), and evaluated the difference in microbiome patterns in the NGS results. Patients who underwent urine culture and NGS due to AUC or RC were retrospectively reviewed. All urine samples were collected via a transurethral catheter and studied utilizing a type of NGS called 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing. The sensitivity of urine NGS was significantly higher than that of conventional urine culture (69.0% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.05). The detection rate of urine NGS was slightly lower in the RC group than in the AUC group (67.7% vs. 72.7%). Microbiome diversity was significantly higher in the RC group compared to the AUC group (p = 0.007), and the microbiome composition was significantly different between the AUC and RC groups. In the urine NGS results, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacteriaceae were found in the AUC group, and Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Rothia spp. were detected in the RC group. Urine NGS can significantly increase the diagnostic sensitivity compared to traditional urine culture methods, especially in RC patients. AUC and RC patients had significant differences in bacterial diversity and patterns. Therefore, recurrent cystitis might be approached from a different perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (J.-J.Y.); (J.Y.); (C.B.R.); (S.-W.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Hee Bong Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea;
| | - Ju Sun Song
- GC Genome, Green Cross Laboratories, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongin 16924, Korea; (J.S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Minjung Kim
- GC Genome, Green Cross Laboratories, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongin 16924, Korea; (J.S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Jina Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (J.-J.Y.); (J.Y.); (C.B.R.); (S.-W.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Zisun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea;
| | - Yoo Min Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea;
| | - Sang Wook Lee
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (S.W.L.); (K.W.L.); (W.b.K.)
| | - Kwang Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (S.W.L.); (K.W.L.); (W.b.K.)
| | - Woong bin Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (S.W.L.); (K.W.L.); (W.b.K.)
| | - Chang Beom Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (J.-J.Y.); (J.Y.); (C.B.R.); (S.-W.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (J.-J.Y.); (J.Y.); (C.B.R.); (S.-W.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (J.-J.Y.); (J.Y.); (C.B.R.); (S.-W.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (S.W.L.); (K.W.L.); (W.b.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-621-5463
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24
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Thomas S, Dunn CD, Campbell LJ, Strand DW, Vezina CM, Bjorling DE, Penniston KL, Li L, Ricke WA, Goldberg TL. A multi-omic investigation of male lower urinary tract symptoms: Potential role for JC virus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246266. [PMID: 33630889 PMCID: PMC7906371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) comprise a common syndrome of aging that negatively impacts quality of life. The etiology of LUTS is multifactorial, involving benign prostatic hyperplasia, smooth muscle and neurologic dysfunction, inflammation, sexually transmitted infections, fibrosis, and potentially dysbiosis, but this aspect remains poorly explored. We investigated whether the presence of infectious agents in urine might be associated with LUTS by combining next-generation DNA sequencing for virus discovery, microbiome analysis for characterization of bacterial communities, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In urine from 29 LUTS cases and 9 controls from Wisconsin, we found a statistically significant association between a diagnosis of LUTS and the presence of JC virus (JCV), a common neurotropic human polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae, Betapolyomavirus) linked to severe neurologic disease in rare cases. This association (based on metagenomics) was not borne out when specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was applied to this set of samples, likely due to the greater sensitivity of PCR. Interestingly, urine metabolomics analysis identified dysregulation of metabolites associated with key LUTS processes. Microbiome analysis found no evidence of microbial community dysbiosis in LUTS cases, but JCV-positive samples contained more Anaerococcus species, which are involved in polymicrobial infections of the urinary tract. Neither age nor body mass index were significantly associated with the presence of urinary JCV-in the initial group or in an additional, regionally distinct group. These data provide preliminary support the hypothesis that viruses such as JCV may play a role in the development or progression of LUTS, together with other infectious agents and host metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Thomas
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Dunn
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lewis J. Campbell
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Douglas W. Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dale E. Bjorling
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kristina L. Penniston
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lingjun Li
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - William A. Ricke
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- UW-Madison Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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25
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Ammitzbøll N, Bau BPJ, Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Villadsen AB, Jensen AM, Leutscher PDC, Glavind K, Hagstrøm S, Arenholt LTS, Sørensen S. Pre- and postmenopausal women have different core urinary microbiota. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2212. [PMID: 33500504 PMCID: PMC7838182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that alterations in the female urinary microbiota is associated to development of bladder disease. However, the normal microbiota composition and variation in healthy women are poorly described. Moreover, the effects of hormonal changes on microbiota during menopause is not well understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the urinary microbiota in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women without urinary tract symptoms. Microbiota composition in catheterized urine samples was mapped using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In total, 41 premenopausal and 42 postmenopausal women were initially included. Samples with first PCR amplification concentration below level of the negative control were excluded, resulting in 34 premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal women included in data analysis. Urine from postmenopausal women showed significantly higher alpha diversity compared to premenopausal women. Lactobacillus was the most abundant bacteria in both groups, however the relative abundance of Lactobacillus accounted for 77.8% in premenopausal versus 42.0% in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, urine from premenopausal mostly presented with Lactobacillus dominated urotypes, whereas urine from postmenopausal women presented a more diverse urinary microbiota with higher abundance of the genera Gardnerella and Prevotella. The clinical and pathophysiological implications of this difference remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ammitzbøll
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800 Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800 Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Brusen Villadsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800 Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ann-Maria Jensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800 Hjørring, Denmark
| | - Peter Derek Christian Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800 Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karin Glavind
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Hagstrøm
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800 Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise Thomsen Schmidt Arenholt
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800 Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800 Hjørring, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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26
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Stavropoulou E, Kantartzi K, Tsigalou C, Konstantinidis T, Romanidou G, Voidarou C, Bezirtzoglou E. Focus on the Gut-Kidney Axis in Health and Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:620102. [PMID: 33553216 PMCID: PMC7859267 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.620102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent new developments in technology with culture-independent techniques including genome sequencing methodologies shed light on the identification of microbiota bacterial species and their role in health and disease. Microbiome is actually reported as an important predictive tool for evaluating characteristic shifts in case of disease. Our present review states the development of different renal diseases and pathologies linked to the intestinal dysbiosis, which impacts on host homeostasis. The gastrointestinal–kidney dialogue provides intriguing features in the pathogenesis of several renal diseases. Without any doubt, investigation of this interconnection consists one of the most cutting-edge areas of research with potential implications on our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Konstantia Kantartzi
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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27
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Zeng J, Zhang G, Chen C, Li K, Wen Y, Zhao J, Wu P. Alterations in Urobiome in Patients With Bladder Cancer and Implications for Clinical Outcome: A Single-Institution Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:555508. [PMID: 33384966 PMCID: PMC7769872 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.555508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that resident microbiome exists in urine of healthy individuals and dysbiosis of the urobiome (urinary microbiome) may be associated with pathological conditions. This study was performed to characterize the alterations in urobiome and explore its implications of clinical outcome in male patients with bladder cancer. 62 male patients with bladder cancer and 19 non-neoplastic controls were recruited. The follow-up study cohort included 40 patients who were diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Mid-stream urine samples were collected from all the participants the day before cystoscopy. DNA was extracted from urine pellet samples and processed for high throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the V4 region using Illumina MiSeq. Sequencing reads were filtered using QIIME and clustered using UPARSE. We found bacterial richness indices (Observed Species index, Chao1 index, Ace index; all P < 0.01) increased in cancer group when compared with non-neoplastic group, while there were no differences in Shannon and Simpson index between two groups. During a median follow-up time of 12 (5.25–25) months, 5/40 (12.5%)of the patients developed recurrence and no patient suffered from progression to muscle-invasive disease. Species diversity of the microbiome was significantly higher in the recurrence group compared with non-recurrence group in patients with NMIBC after TURBT. The LEfSe analysis demonstrated that 9 genera were increased (e.g., Micrococcus and Brachybacterium) in recurrence group. To our knowledge we report the relative comprehensive study to date of the male bladder cancer urinary microbiome and its relationship to pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. Given our preliminary data, additional studies evaluating the urine microbiome in relation to clinical outcomes are warranted to improve our understanding of tumor recurrence after TURBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zeng
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, China
| | - Guihao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehui Wen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Microbiota Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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O'Brien VP, Joens MS, Lewis AL, Gilbert NM. Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33346201 DOI: 10.3791/61967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common and costly. Previous articles describing models of UTI in male and female mice have illustrated the procedures for bacterial inoculation and enumeration in urine and tissues. During an initial bladder infection in C57BL/6 mice, UPEC establish latent reservoirs inside bladder epithelial cells that persist following clearance of UPEC bacteriuria. This model builds on these studies to examine rUTI caused by the emergence of UPEC from within latent bladder reservoirs. The urogenital bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis is used as the trigger of rUTI in this model because it is frequently present in the urogenital tracts of women, especially in the context of vaginal dysbiosis that has been associated with UTI. In addition, a method for in situ bladder fixation followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of bladder tissue is also described, with potential application to other studies involving the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie P O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Matthew S Joens
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; TESCAN USA, Inc
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; University of California San Diego
| | - Nicole M Gilbert
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis;
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29
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Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Ammitzbøll N, Isse YA, Muqtar A, Jensen AM, Leutscher PDC, Arenholt LTS, Hagstrøm S, Sørensen S. Voided Urinary Microbiota Is Stable Over Time but Impacted by Post Void Storage. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:435. [PMID: 32984068 PMCID: PMC7477311 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: New sensitive techniques have revealed a thriving bacterial community in the human urinary tract, challenging the perception that urine in healthy humans is sterile. While the functional role of this urinary microbiota is unknown, dysbiosis has been linked to urgency urinary incontinence and risk of urinary tract infections. When comparing studies, it is crucial to account for possible confounders introduced due to methodological differences. Here we investigated whether collection and storage conditions had any impact on the urinary microbial composition. Results: For comparison of different storage conditions, midstream urine was collected from five healthy adult female donors and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Samples stored at -80 and -20°C, but not 4°C, were found to be comparable to freshly handled voided urine. Using the same methods, the daily or day-to-day variation in urinary microbiota was investigated in 19 healthy donors, including four women, five men, five girls, and five boys. Apart from two male adult donors, none of the tested conditions gave rise to significant differences in alpha and beta diversities between individuals. Conclusion: The composition of voided urinary microbiota was found to be effectively maintained by freezing, but not storage at 4°C. In addition, we did not observe any intrapersonal daily or day-to-day variations in microbiota composition in women, girls or boys. Together our study supports present methodologies that can be used in future studies investigating the urinary microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nadia Ammitzbøll
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Yusuf Abdi Isse
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Abdisalam Muqtar
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ann-Maria Jensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark
| | - Peter D C Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise Thomsen Schmidt Arenholt
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark
| | - Søren Hagstrøm
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
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30
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The Urinary Tract Microbiome in Older Women Exhibits Host Genetic and Environmental Influences. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:298-305.e3. [PMID: 32697939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The urinary microbiome is a relatively unexplored niche that varies with gender. Urinary microbes, especially in aging populations, are associated with morbidity. We present a large-scale study exploring factors defining urinary microbiome composition in community-dwelling older adult women without clinically active infection. Using 1,600 twins, we estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to microbiome variation. The urinary microbiome is distinct from nearby sites and unrelated to stool microbiome with more Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, but fewer Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Verrumicrobia. A quarter of variants had heritability estimates greater than 10% with most heritable microbes having potential clinical relevance, including Escherichia-Shigella linked to urinary tract infections. Age, menopausal status, prior UTI, and host genetics were top factors defining the urobiome with increased microbial diversity tending to associate with older age. These findings highlight the distinct composition of the urinary microbiome and significant contributions of host genetics.
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31
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Zheng L, Chen S, Wang F, Huang S, Liu X, Yang X, Zhou H, Zhao GP, Luo M, Li S, Chen J. Distinct Responses of Gut Microbiota to Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Decoction Are Associated With Improved Clinical Outcomes in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:604. [PMID: 32435197 PMCID: PMC7219274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis contributes to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. However, the effect of drugs on the gut microbiota of CKD patients and its influence on treatment outcomes remains to be explored. Here, we assessed whether the response of gut microbiota to the traditional Chinese medicine Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS) decoction differed from that to piperazine ferulate (PF), a kidney-targeted drug, by 16S rDNA sequencing, and whether the difference could be linked with drug-specific clinical outcomes. We showed that both JPYS and PF improved renal function, but only JPYS was able to restore the blood reticulocyte counting and serum calcium level in CKD rats. We also found that weighted UniFrac beta-diversity of the gut microbiome of the JPYS treated rats was significantly different from that of PF. Microbiome markers of drug-specific response were identified and subjected to correlation network analysis, together with clinical parameters and KEGG pathways. Among the microbiome markers of CKD, Corynebacterium was found to form a network hub that was closely correlated with the JPYS responder Enterococcus, suggesting a potential indirect impact of JPYS on Corynebacterium via interspecies interactions. We also identified two network hubs of the PF responder Blautia and the JPYS-only marker Coprococcus, which were connected with many genera and clinical parameters. They might serve as keystone taxa driving the response of gut microbiota to the drugs and influence host outcomes. Moreover, the JPYS-only marker Clostridium_XIVb was found to be connected to many pathways that are associated with CKD progression and might account for the improved outcomes in the JPYS treated rats. At last, the identified keystone markers of drug response were validated by qPCR for their differential abundance between CKD and the two drugs. Taken together, our study revealed that the responses of gut microbiota to JPYS were distinct from that to PF, and pinpointed drug-specific keystone microbiome markers closely correlated to clinical parameters, which could serve as candidate microbiome targets for further studies on their roles in medicating the drug efficacy of TCM in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fochang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xilan Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haokui Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjing Luo
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Morrill S, Gilbert NM, Lewis AL. Gardnerella vaginalis as a Cause of Bacterial Vaginosis: Appraisal of the Evidence From in vivo Models. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:168. [PMID: 32391287 PMCID: PMC7193744 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Koch's postulates dictate the use of experimental models to illustrate features of human disease and provide evidence for a singular organism as the cause. The underlying cause(s) of bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been debated in the literature for over half a century. In 1955, it was first reported that a bacterium now known as Gardnerella vaginalis may be the cause of a condition (BV) resulting in higher vaginal pH, thin discharge, a fishy odor, and the presence of epithelial cells covered in bacteria. Here we review contemporary and historical studies on BV with a focus on reports of experimental infections in human or animal models using Gardnerella vaginalis. We evaluate experimental evidence for the hypothesis that G. vaginalis is sufficient to trigger clinical features of BV or relevant health complications associated with the condition. Additionally, we evaluate in vivo models of co-infection employing G. vaginalis together with other bacterial species to investigate evidence for the hypothesis that G. vaginalis may encourage colonization or virulence of other potential pathogens. Together, these studies paint a complex picture in which G. vaginalis has both direct and indirect roles in the features, health complications, and co-infections associated with BV. We briefly review the current taxonomic landscape and genetic diversity pertinent to Gardnerella and note the limitations of sequence-based studies using different marker genes and priming sites. Although much more study is needed to refine our understanding of how BV develops and persists within the human host, applications of the experimental aspects of Koch's postulates have provided an important glimpse into some of the causal relationships that may govern this condition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Morrill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nicole M Gilbert
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Abstract
The discovery of bacteria in the female urinary bladder has fundamentally changed current dogma regarding the urinary tract and related urinary disorders. Previous research characterized many of the bacterial components of the female urinary tract, but the viral fraction of this community is largely unknown. Viruses within the human microbiota far outnumber bacterial cells, with the most abundant viruses being those that infect bacteria (bacteriophages). Similar to observations within the microbiota of the gut and oral cavity, preliminary surveys of the urinary tract and bladder microbiota indicate a rich diversity of uncharacterized bacteriophage (phage) species. Phages are vital members of the microbiota, having critical roles in shaping bacterial metabolism and community structure. Although phages have been discovered in the urinary tract, such as phages that infect Escherichia coli, sampling them is challenging owing to low biomass, possible contamination when using non-invasive methods and the invasiveness of methods that reduce the potential for contamination. Phages could influence bladder health, but an understanding of the association between phage communities, bacterial populations and bladder health is in its infancy. However, evidence suggests that phages can defend the host against pathogenic bacteria and, therefore, modulation of the microbiome using phages has therapeutic potential for lower urinary tract symptoms. Furthermore, as natural predators of bacteria, phages have garnered renewed interest for their use as antimicrobial agents, for instance, in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
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Wu IW, Lin CY, Chang LC, Lee CC, Chiu CY, Hsu HJ, Sun CY, Chen YC, Kuo YL, Yang CW, Gao SS, Hsieh WP, Chung WH, Lai HC, Su SC. Gut Microbiota as Diagnostic Tools for Mirroring Disease Progression and Circulating Nephrotoxin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease: Discovery and Validation Study. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:420-434. [PMID: 32015679 PMCID: PMC6990903 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.37421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay of the gut microbes with gut-producing nephrotoxins and the renal progression remains unclear in large human cohort. Significant compositional and functional differences in the intestinal microbiota (by 16S rRNA gene sequencing) were noted among 30 controls and 92 (31 mild, 30 moderate and 31 advanced) patients at different chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages (discovery cohort). A core CKD-associated microbiota consisted of 7 genera (Escherichia_Shigella, Dialister, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, Paraprevotella and Ruminiclostridium) and 2 species (Collinsella stercoris and Bacteroides eggerthii) were identified to be highly correlated with the stages of CKD. Paraprevotella, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Collinsella stercoris were superior in discriminating CKD from the controls than the use of urine protein/creatinine ratio, even at early-stage of disease. The performance was further confirmed in a validation cohort comprising 22 controls and 76 peritoneal dialysis patients. Bacterial genera highly correlated with indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate levels were identified. Prediction of the functional capabilities of microbial communities showed that microbial genes related to the metabolism of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) were differentially enriched among the control and different CKD stages. Collectively, our results provide solid human evidence of the impact of gut-metabolite-kidney axis on the severity of chronic kidney disease and highlight a usefulness of specific gut microorganisms as possible disease differentiate marker of this global health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yu Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan
| | - Lun-Ching Chang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Florida, US
| | - Chin-Chan Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Jung Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yuen-Chan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Kuo
- Biotools, Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Siang Gao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Hsieh
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Microbiota Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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Ackerman AL, Chai TC. The Bladder is Not Sterile: an Update on the Urinary Microbiome. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2019; 14:331-341. [PMID: 32612735 DOI: 10.1007/s11884-019-00543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The article discusses (1) techniques used to study bacterial urinary microbiota; (2) existence of non-bacterial urinary microbiota; (3) associations between changes in urinary microbiota and various benign lower urinary tract disorders. Recent Findings Urine harbors a diverse microbial community that resides within it. A multitude of studies have identified differences in these communities associated with urologic conditions, suggesting that microbial communities may maintain normal bladder homeostasis. Technological advances in analytic approaches have improved our understanding of the urinary microbiome. The choice of urine sampling method (voided, catheterized, or aspirated) will significantly influence microbiome findings. Sex and age highly influence urinary microbiota; in addition to rigorous inclusion criteria, microbial studies must be sufficiently powered to overcome the substantial interindividual variability of urinary microbiota. Regardless of these complicating factors, studies have identified microbial patterns correlating with both urologic diagnoses and treatment responses. Summary Without a clear understanding of the variability of and exogenous influences on the urinary microbiota in the absence of disease, it has been challenging to reveal the microbial patterns responsible for disease pathophysiology. Host mechanisms in response to the urinary microbiome are also poorly understood. Additional research can address whether the manipulation of urinary microbiota will benefit lower urinary tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lenore Ackerman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 99 N. La Cienega Blvd. Suite M102, Beverly Hills, CA 90211, USA
| | - Toby C Chai
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 725 Albany St., Suite 3B, Shapiro Building, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Wojciuk B, Salabura A, Grygorcewicz B, Kędzierska K, Ciechanowski K, Dołęgowska B. Urobiome: In Sickness and in Health. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110548. [PMID: 31717688 PMCID: PMC6921077 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome has been proven to contribute to the human condition, both in health and in disease. The metagenomic approach based on next-generation sequencing has challenged the dogma of urine sterility. The human urobiome consists of bacteria and eukaryotic viruses as well as bacteriophages, which potentially represent the key factor. There have been several significant findings with respect to the urobiome in the context of urological disorders. Still, the research on the urobiome in chronic kidney disease and kidney transplantation remains underrepresented, as does research on the role of the virome in the urinary microbiota. In this review, we present recent findings on the urobiome with a particular emphasis on chronic kidney disease and post-kidney transplantation status. Challenges and opportunities arising from the research on the human urobiome will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Wojciuk
- Department of Immunological Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-123 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-654
| | - Agata Salabura
- Clinic of Nephrology, Internal Medicine and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-123 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (K.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-123 Szczecin, Poland; (B.G.); (B.D.)
| | - Karolina Kędzierska
- Clinic of Nephrology, Internal Medicine and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-123 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (K.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Kazimierz Ciechanowski
- Clinic of Nephrology, Internal Medicine and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-123 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (K.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-123 Szczecin, Poland; (B.G.); (B.D.)
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Munch MM, Chambers LC, Manhart LE, Domogala D, Lopez A, Fredricks DN, Srinivasan S. Optimizing bacterial DNA extraction in urine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222962. [PMID: 31550285 PMCID: PMC6759279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine is an acceptable, non-invasive sample for investigating the human urogenital microbiota and for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. However, low quantities of bacterial DNA and PCR inhibitors in urine may prevent efficient PCR amplification for molecular detection of bacteria. Furthermore, cold temperatures used to preserve DNA and bacteria in urine can promote precipitation of crystals that interfere with DNA extraction. Saline, Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline, or Tris-EDTA buffer were added to urine from adult men to determine if crystal precipitation could be reversed without heating samples beyond ambient temperature. Total bacterial DNA concentrations and PCR inhibition were measured using quantitative PCR assays to compare DNA yields with and without buffer addition. Dissolution of crystals with Tris-EDTA prior to urine centrifugation was most effective in increasing bacterial DNA recovery and reducing PCR inhibition. DNA recovery using Tris-EDTA was further tested by spiking urine with DNA from bacterial isolates and median concentrations of Lactobacillus jensenii and Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene copies were found to be higher in urine processed with Tris-EDTA. Maximizing bacterial DNA yield from urine may facilitate more accurate assessment of bacterial populations and increase detection of specific bacteria in the genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Munch
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Laura C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Lisa E. Manhart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Dan Domogala
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Anthony Lopez
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - David N. Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United states of America
- * E-mail:
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Jung CE, Chopyk J, Shin JH, Lukacz ES, Brubaker L, Schwanemann LK, Knight R, Wolfe AJ, Pride DT. Benchmarking urine storage and collection conditions for evaluating the female urinary microbiome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13409. [PMID: 31527753 PMCID: PMC6746804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardized conditions for collection, preservation and storage of urine for microbiome research have not been established. We aimed to identify the effects of the use of preservative AssayAssure® (AA), and the effects of storage time and temperatures on reproducibility of urine microbiome results. We sequenced the V3-4 segment of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial community in the urine of a cohort of women. Each woman provided a single voided urine sample, which was divided into aliquots and stored with and without AA, at three different temperatures (room temperature [RT], 4 °C, or -20 °C), and for various time periods up to 4 days. There were significant microbiome differences in urine specimens stored with and without AA at all temperatures, but the most significant differences were observed in alpha diversity (estimated number of taxa) at RT. Specimens preserved at 4 °C and -20 °C for up to 4 days with or without AA had no significant alpha diversity differences. However, significant alpha diversity differences were observed in samples stored without AA at RT. Generally, there was greater microbiome preservation with AA than without AA at all time points and temperatures, although not all results were statistically significant. Addition of AA preservative, shorter storage times, and colder temperatures are most favorable for urinary microbiome reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Jung
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
| | - Jessica Chopyk
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Shin
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Emily S Lukacz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
| | - Linda Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
| | - Leila K Schwanemann
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
| | - Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 601534, USA
| | - David T Pride
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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Buhmann MT, Abt D, Nolte O, Neu TR, Strempel S, Albrich WC, Betschart P, Zumstein V, Neels A, Maniura-Weber K, Ren Q. Encrustations on ureteral stents from patients without urinary tract infection reveal distinct urotypes and a low bacterial load. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:60. [PMID: 30981280 PMCID: PMC6462311 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current knowledge of the urinary tract microbiome is limited to urine analysis and analysis of biofilms formed on Foley catheters. Bacterial biofilms on ureteral stents have rarely been investigated, and no cultivation-independent data are available on the microbiome of the encrustations on the stents. RESULTS The typical encrustations of organic and inorganic urine-derived material, including microbial biofilms formed during 3-6 weeks on ureteral stents in patients treated for kidney and ureteral stones, and without reported urinary tract infection at the time of stent insertion, were analysed. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region revealed presence of different urotypes, distinct bacterial communities. Analysis of bacterial load was performed by combining quantification of 16S rRNA gene copy numbers by qPCR with microscopy and cultivation-dependent analysis methods, which revealed that ureteral stent biofilms mostly contain low numbers of bacteria. Fluorescence microscopy indicates the presence of extracellular DNA. Bacteria identified in biofilms by microscopy had mostly morphogenic similarities to gram-positive bacteria, in few cases to Lactobacillus and Corynebacterium, while sequencing showed many additional bacterial genera. Weddellite crystals were absent in biofilms of patients with Enterobacterales and Corynebacterium-dominated microbiomes. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into the bacterial burden in ureteral stent encrustations and the urinary tract microbiome. Short-term (3-6 weeks) ureteral stenting is associated with a low load of viable and visible bacteria in ureteral stent encrustations, which may be different from long-term stenting. Patients could be classified according to different urotypes, some of which were dominated by potentially pathogenic species. Facultative pathogens however appear to be a common feature in patients without clinically manifested urinary tract infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02845726 . Registered on 30 June 2016-retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T. Buhmann
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Abt
- Department of Urology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nolte
- Zentrum für Labormedizin, Frohbergstrasse 3, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Neu
- Microbiology of Interfaces, Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Brueckstrasse 3A, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Werner C. Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Betschart
- Department of Urology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Zumstein
- Department of Urology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Neels
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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