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Liu P, Wan Y, Zhang Z, Ji Q, Lian J, Yang C, Wang X, Qin B, Zhu L, Yu J. Toxic effects of combined exposure to cadmium and nitrate on intestinal morphology, immune response, and microbiota in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 264:106704. [PMID: 37813047 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) and nitrate (NO3-) are important environmental pollutants in the offshore marine ecological environment. However, limited research has explored their combined effects, particularly regarding their impact on the microbiota and intestinal health of marine fish. In this study, juvenile Japanese flounders (P. olivaceus) were immersed in seawater samples with different combinations of Cd2+ (0, 0.2, and 2 mg/L) and NO3- (0 and 80 mg/L NO3N) for 30 days to explore their toxic impacts on intestinal morphology, tight junction (TJ) barrier, immune response, and microbiota. Our results showed that Cd2+ or NO3- exposure alone led to histopathological damage of the gut, while their co-exposure aggravated intestinal damage. Moreover, co-exposure substantially decreased TJ-related gene expression, including occludin, claudin-10, and ZO-2, suggesting increased TJ permeability in the gut. Regarding the immune response, we observed upregulated expression of immune-related markers such as HSP40, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MT, suggesting the onset of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, Cd2+ and NO3- exposure led to changes in intestinal microflora, characterized by decreased the abundance of Sediminibacterium and NS3a_marine_group while increasing the prevalence of pathogens or opportunistic pathogens such as Ralstonia, Proteus, and Staphylococcus. This alteration in microbiota composition increased network complexity and α-diversity, ultimately causing dysbiosis in the fish gut. Additionally, combined exposure resulted in metabolic disorders that affected the predicted functions of the intestinal microbiota. Overall, our study demonstrates that Cd2+-NO3- co-exposure amplifies the deleterious effects compared to single exposure. These findings enhance our understanding of the ecological risks posed by Cd2+-NO3- co-exposure in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yingying Wan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jie Lian
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Chuanzheng Yang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xingqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Bo Qin
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Long Zhu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jiachen Yu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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Dos Santos ÍGS, Lira AS, da Silva Montes C, Point D, Médieu A, do Nascimento CWA, Lucena-Frédou F, da Rocha RM. Revealing the environmental pollution of two estuaries through histopathological biomarkers in five fishes from different trophic guilds of northeastern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115095. [PMID: 37295256 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries in Brazil are mostly anthropically affected due to the discharge of industrial and domestic effluents. In two of them, the Santa Cruz Channel Estuary (ITAP) and Sirinhaém River Estuary (SIR), historically affected by mercury pollution and sugarcane industry in Northeast Brazil, we assessed environmental pollution using liver and gill histopathological biomarkers in fish from different trophic levels. Liver samples exhibited serious damages such as hepatic steatosis, necrosis, and infiltration. The gills showed moderate to severe changes, such as lifting of epithelial cells, lamellar aneurysm, and rupture of lamellar epithelium. Most of the changes in the liver and gills were reported for species Centropomus undecimalis and the Gobionellus stomatus, which were considered as good sentinels of pollution. The combination of biomarker methodologies was efficient in diagnosing the serious damage to the species, reinforcing the need for monitoring the health of the ecosystems evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítala Gabriela Sobral Dos Santos
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Alex Souza Lira
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Cidade Univ. Prof. José Aloísio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jd. Rosa Elze São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil.
| | | | - David Point
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR CNRS 5563/IRD 234/Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Anaïs Médieu
- Universite de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), LEMAR, Plouzane F-29280, France.
| | | | - Flávia Lucena-Frédou
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rossineide Martins da Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Correa n° 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Naija A, Yalcin HC. Evaluation of cadmium and mercury on cardiovascular and neurological systems: Effects on humans and fish. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:498-508. [PMID: 37396852 PMCID: PMC10313869 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemicals are at the top of public health concerns and metals have received much attention in terms of toxicological studies. Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are among the most toxic heavy metals and are widely distributed in the environment. They are considered important factors involved in several organ disturbances. Heart and brain tissues are not among the first exposure sites to Cd and Hg but they are directly affected and may manifest intoxication reactions leading to death. Many cases of human intoxication with Cd and Hg showed that these metals have potential cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. Human exposure to heavy metals is through fish consumption which is considered as an excellent source of human nutrients. In the current review, we will summarize the most known cases of human intoxication with Cd and Hg, highlight their toxic effects on fish, and investigate the common signal pathways of both Cd and Hg to affect heart and brain tissues. Also, we will present the most common biomarkers used in the assessment of cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity using Zebrafish model.
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Cui W, Liu J, Cao L, Dou S. Toxicological effects of cadmium on the immune response and biomineralization of larval flounder Paralichthys olivaceus under seawater acidification. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132919. [PMID: 34798117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seawater acidification can cause threats to both calcifying and uncalcifying marine organisms, affecting their acid-base regulatory functions, immune system and biomineralization. Marine pollutants, such as cadmium (Cd) that is globally distributed in coastal ecosystems, do not affect organisms alone but commonly as combined stressors. To investigate the toxicological effects of Cd on the immune and biomineralization of marine fishes under seawater acidification, flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was exposed to seawater acidification (control (pH 8.10), 7.70 and 7.30) and Cd exposure (control (0.36 μg L-1), 0.01 and 0.15 mg L-1 Cd) for 49 days from embryonic stage until they became settled. Immune and biomineralization-related biomarkers of flounder at the end of exposure were investigated. Results showed that single seawater acidification and Cd exposure or combined exposure significantly affected the immune system-related enzyme activities. Specifically, lysozyme (LZM) activity was significantly inhibited by single seawater acidification and Cd exposure, indicating innate immunosuppression under two stressors. Contents of IgM, HSP70 and MT were induced by seawater acidification or Cd exposure, indicating a detoxification mechanism that responded to the stressors. The expressions of immune-related genes were upregulated (hsp70 and mt) or downregulated (lzm) under Cd exposure. Of the biomineralization-related enzymes, activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase increased under seawater acidification and Cd exposure, a potential mechanism in response to changes of acid-base balance induced by the stressors. Generally, immune and biomineralization of the flounder responded more sensitively to Cd exposure than seawater acidification. Seawater acidification aggravated the toxicological effects of Cd exposure on the two physiological functions, while high Cd exposure augmented their responses to seawater acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jinhu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shuozeng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Defo MA, Gendron AD, Head J, Pilote M, Turcotte P, Marcogliese DJ, Houde M. Cumulative effects of cadmium and natural stressors (temperature and parasite infection) on molecular and biochemical responses of juvenile rainbow trout. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105347. [PMID: 31715476 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous presence of natural and anthropogenic stressors in aquatic ecosystems can challenge the identification of factors causing decline in fish populations. These stressors include chemical mixtures and natural abiotic and biotic factors such as water temperature and parasitism. Effects of cumulative stressors may vary from antagonism to synergism at the organismal or population levels and may not be predicted from exposure to individual stressors. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) and elevated water temperature (23 °C) or parasite infection in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a multi-level biological approach, including RNA-sequencing. Fish were exposed to diet-borne Cd (6 μg Cd/g wet feed), individually and in combination with thermal (23 °C) or parasitic stressors, for 28 days. The parasite challenge consisted of a single exposure to glochidia (larvae) of the freshwater mussel (Strophitus undulatus), which encysts in fish gills, fins and skin. Results indicated lower fish length, weight, and relative growth rate in fish exposed to a higher water temperature (23 °C). Body condition and hepatosomatic index of trout were, however, higher in the 23 °C temperature treatment compared to the control fish kept at 15 °C. Exposure to thermal stress or parasitism did not influence tissue Cd bioaccumulation. More than 700 genes were differentially transcribed in fish exposed to the individual thermal stress treatment. However, neither Cd exposure nor parasite infection affected the number of differentially transcribed genes, compared to controls. The highest number of differentially transcribed genes (969 genes) was observed in trout exposed to combined Cd and high temperature stressors; these genes were mainly related to stress response, protein folding, calcium metabolism, bone growth, energy metabolism, and immune system; functions overlapped with responses found in fish solely exposed to higher water temperature. Only 40 genes were differentially transcribed when fish were exposed to Cd and glochidia and were related to the immune system, apoptosis process, energy metabolism and malignant tumor. These results suggest that dietary Cd may exacerbate the temperature stress and, to a lesser extent, parasitic infection stress on trout transcriptomic responses. Changes in the concentrations of liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, heat shock protein 70 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances coupled to changes in the activities of cellular glutathione S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were also observed at the cellular level. This study may help understand effects of freshwater fish exposure to cumulative stressors in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Defo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - Andrée D Gendron
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Jessica Head
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Martin Pilote
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Patrice Turcotte
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - David J Marcogliese
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada; St. Andrews Biological Station, 125 Marine Science Drive, St. Andrews, NB, E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada
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Naïja A, Kestemont P, Chénais B, Haouas Z, Blust R, Helal AN, Marchand J. Effects of Hg sublethal exposure in the brain of peacock blennies Salaria pavo: Molecular, physiological and histopathological analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:1094-1104. [PMID: 29874737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine environments are affected by large amounts of toxicants among those mercury (Hg). The aim of this study was to assess potential neurotoxic effects of Hg in the peacock blenny Salaria pavo. A sublethal contamination to 66 μg HgCl2 L-1 over periods of 1, 4, 10 and 15 days was performed. Total Hg concentrations measured in the brain highlighted the detection of Hg at days 1 and 4 following the exposure but no concentration of the metal was further detected. Partial-length cDNA of genes coding ABC transporters (abcb1, abcc1, abcc2, abcg2) and acetylcholinesterase (ache) were characterized. Results from mRNA expression levels displayed an up-regulation of abcb1 mRNA while a down-regulation of abcc1 and abcc2 mRNA was observed. No change in abcg2 and ache mRNA expression was noted throughout the experiment. At each sampling time, Hg exposure did not affect the activity of the AChE enzyme. The histological analysis indicated that fish exhibited several damages in the optic tectum and the cerebellum and 3 reaction patterns were identified for each organ: circulatory disturbances, regressive and progressive changes. Molecular, physiological and histological biomarkers assessed in the present study highlighted that peacock blennies were able to detoxify Hg from the brain tissue by developing defense mechanisms. More globally, neurotoxic effects of a sublethal Hg exposure in the brain of peacock blennies and the adaptation capacity of this species were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Naïja
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoit Chénais
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Research Unit of Genetic, Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Avenue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Noureddine Helal
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Justine Marchand
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France.
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Ferrante M, Pappalardo AM, Ferrito V, Pulvirenti V, Fruciano C, Grasso A, Sciacca S, Tigano C, Copat C. Bioaccumulation of metals and biomarkers of environmental stress in Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814) sampled along the Italian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 122:288-296. [PMID: 28655460 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is one of the greatest threats to the ecosystems because it degrades the habitat and is potentially toxic to wildlife and human populations. In the last few decades, bioaccumulation studies performed with a multimarker approach have been a valuable tool for the investigation of environmental and animal safety. We perform an analysis of a benthic teleost fish species - Parablennius sanguinolentus - sampled at several Italian coastal sites with different degrees of anthropogenic pressure. Our integrative analysis encompasses bioaccumulation of 10 metals, biomarkers of environmental stress (micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities) and neutral genetic variation (using sequences of the mtDNA control region). We find a clear and significant correlation of metal bioaccumulation with micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities, especially with undisputed genotoxic metals, such as Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb. Furthermore, the molecular genetic analysis revealed a decrease of genetic variability in the populations more subjected to anthropic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pappalardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Ferrito
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Pulvirenti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Fruciano
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Alfina Grasso
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacca
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Tigano
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania, Italy.
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Naïja A, Kestemont P, Chénais B, Haouas Z, Blust R, Helal AN, Marchand J. Cadmium exposure exerts neurotoxic effects in peacock blennies Salaria pavo. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:217-227. [PMID: 28551579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is considered as an important factor involved in several neurological disturbances. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Cd in the brain of peacock blennies Salaria pavo, a species used as a bioindicator of water pollution. A sublethal contamination of 2mg CdCl2 L-1 was performed over periods of 1, 4, 10 and 15 days. Total Cd accumulation was measured in brains and displayed low concentrations throughout the experiment. Partial-length cDNA of different ATP-binding cassette transporters (abcb1, abcc1, abcc2, abcg2 proteins) and acetylcholinesterase (ache) were characterized. mRNA expressions profiles displayed an up-regulation of abcc2 mRNA after 4 days of Cd exposure only while abcg2 mRNA was down-regulated after 10 days only. For AChE, the mRNA transcription and the activity of the enzyme were followed and highlighted that Cd exerted an inhibitory effect on the nervous information transmission. At the histological level, fish exhibited pathological symptoms in the optic tectum and the cerebellum and results showed that the cerebellum was the most affected organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Naïja
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoit Chénais
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Research unit of Genetic, Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Avenue Avicenne 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Noureddine Helal
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Justine Marchand
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France.
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