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Vesala T, Ventä I, Snäll J, Marinescu Gava M, Ekholm M. Assessing current clinical eruption stage of mandibular third molars by dental panoramic radiography. Acta Odontol Scand 2024; 83:174-179. [PMID: 38651519 DOI: 10.2340/aos.v83.40477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether dental panoramic radiography (PAN) can be used to identify the clinical stage of eruption of mandibular third molars at the time of radiological examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional data included records from clinical oral examination and PANs of university students. In the retrospective analysis of 345 mandibular third molars in 189 participants (20% men, 80% women; mean age 20.7 years; standard deviation [SD] ± 0.6), clinical stages of eruption were compared with their radiographic depth in bone, inclination, and root development. Statistics included χ2, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression. RESULTS Significant (p < 0.001) predictor variables for assessing the clinical stage of eruption were radiographic depth in bone and inclination. All teeth radiologically at a depth of the cementoenamel (CE) junction of the neighbouring second molar or deeper were clinically unerupted. Above the CE junction, 80% of vertical and 97% of distoangular teeth were connected to the oral cavity, and 82% of mesioangular and 69% of horizontal teeth were clinically unerupted. CONCLUSION All teeth below or at the CE junction are clinically unerupted. Above the CE junction, stage of eruption should be assessed together with the inclination, but horizontally inclined teeth are recommended to be verified clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Vesala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Irja Ventä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Snäll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marja Ekholm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Bardag Gorce F, Al Dahan M, Narwani K, Terrazas J, Ferrini M, Calhoun CC, Uyanne J, Royce-Flores J, Crum E, Niihara Y. Human Oral Mucosa as a Potentially Effective Source of Neural Crest Stem Cells for Clinical Practice. Cells 2023; 12:2216. [PMID: 37759439 PMCID: PMC10526281 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report in this study on the isolation and expansion of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from the epithelium of oral mucosa (OM) using reagents that are GMP-certified and FDA-approved for clinical use. Characterization analysis showed that the levels of keratins K2, K6C, K4, K13, K31, and K15-specific to OM epithelial cells-were significantly lower in the experimental NCSCs. While SOX10 was decreased with no statistically significant difference, the earliest neural crest specifier genes SNAI1/2, Ap2a, Ap2c, SOX9, SOX30, Pax3, and Twist1 showed a trend in increased expression in NCSCs. In addition, proteins of Oct4, Nestin and Noth1 were found to be greatly expressed, confirming NCSC multipotency. In conclusion, our study showed that the epithelium of OM contains NCSCs that can be isolated and expanded with clinical-grade reagents to supply the demand for multipotent cells required for clinical applications in regenerative medicine. Supported by Emmaus Medical Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia Bardag Gorce
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mais Al Dahan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kavita Narwani
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
| | - Jesus Terrazas
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Monica Ferrini
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Colonya C. Calhoun
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Department of Surgery, UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jettie Uyanne
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jun Royce-Flores
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric Crum
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Department of Surgery Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Surgery, UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yutaka Niihara
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA (Y.N.)
- Emmaus Medical, Inc., Torrance, CA 90503, USA
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3
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Oral hemorrhagic blister and its possible related factors: Analyses of reported cases in the literature. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, MEDICINE, AND PATHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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4
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Zhang H, Hu S, Wang Z, Li X, Wang S, Chen G. A Temporospatial Study of Sympathetic Skin Response and Electroencephalogram in Oral Mucosa Thermal Perception. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:907658. [PMID: 35911991 PMCID: PMC9337692 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.907658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the temporospatial changes in sympathetic skin response (SSR) and electroencephalogram (EEG) under thermal stimuli and to draw a topographic map of SSR threshold temperature of the oral mucosa. Materials and Methods A total of 40 healthy volunteers (24 men, 16 women, mean age of 23 ± 3) were enrolled. Thermal stimuli were applied to the 35 partitions of oral mucosa starting from 36°C at the gradience of 1°C and the lowest temperature evoked SSR was defined as SSR threshold temperature. SSR and EEG signals at 45, 48, 51, and 54°C were then recorded synchronously. Results The SSR threshold temperature increased from the anterior areas to the posterior areas. No significant difference between bilateral corresponding areas or between genders was observed. The SSR amplitude value increased from 45 to 54°C in the same area, while the highest value was recorded on the tip of the tongue and decreased backwardly from the anterior area. There were significant differences in latency of SSR between the tip of the tongue and the molar areas of the oral cavity (p < 0.05). Reduction in the alpha frequency band was observed after thermal stimuli, and there were statistical differences between baseline and thermal stimuli in all four degrees of temperatures (p < 0.05). Conclusion The result of the experiment revealed that the autonomic and central nervous system (CNS) played important roles in thermal perception of oral mucosa and could be helpful for better understanding of pathological mechanism of burning mouth syndrome (BMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengjing Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhangang Wang
- Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Suogang Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Suogang Wang,
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Chen,
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Peña-Oyarzún D, San Martin C, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Lavandero S, Morselli E, Budini M, Burgos PV, Criollo A. Autophagy in aging-related oral diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:903836. [PMID: 35992149 PMCID: PMC9390882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.903836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism that allows recycling of organelles and macromolecules. Autophagic function increases metabolite availability modulating metabolic pathways, differentiation and cell survival. The oral environment is composed of several structures, including mineralized and soft tissues, which are formed by complex interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. With aging, increased prevalence of oral diseases such as periodontitis, oral cancer and periapical lesions are observed in humans. These aging-related oral diseases are chronic conditions that alter the epithelial-mesenchymal homeostasis, disrupting the oral tissue architecture affecting the quality of life of the patients. Given that autophagy levels are reduced with age, the purpose of this review is to discuss the link between autophagy and age-related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Territorial Health of the Aconcagua Valley (CIISTe Aconcagua), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, San Felipe Campus, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla San Martin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Territorial Health of the Aconcagua Valley (CIISTe Aconcagua), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, San Felipe Campus, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Criollo,
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Can Human Oral Mucosa Stem Cells Differentiate to Corneal Epithelia? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115976. [PMID: 34205905 PMCID: PMC8198937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSCs) arise from the neural crest, they can self-renew, proliferate, and differentiate to several cell lines and could represent a good source for application in tissue engineering. Because of their anatomical location, hOMSCs are easy to isolate, have multilineage differentiation capacity and express embryonic stem cells markers such as—Sox2, Oct3/4 and Nanog. We have used SHEM (supplemented hormonal epithelial medium) media and cultured hOMSCs over human amniotic membrane and determined the cell’s capacity to differentiate to an epithelial-like phenotype and to express corneal specific epithelial markers—CK3, CK12, CK19, Pan-cadherin and E-cadherin. Our results showed that hOMSCs possess the capacity to attach to the amniotic membrane and express CK3, CK19, Pan-Cadherin and E-Cadherin without induction with SHEM media and expressed CK12 or changed the expression pattern of E-Cadherin to a punctual-like feature when treated with SHEM media. The results observed in this study show that hOMSCs possess the potential to differentiate toward epithelial cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that hOMSCs readily express markers for corneal determination and could provide the ophthalmology field with a therapeutic alternative for tissue engineering to achieve corneal replacement when compared with other techniques. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to develop a predictable therapeutic alternative for cornea replacement.
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Yang K, Ahn YC, Nam H, Hong SD, Oh D, Noh JM. Clinical features of post-radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis and their outcomes following surgical intervention in nasopharyngeal cancer patients. Oral Oncol 2021; 114:105180. [PMID: 33497910 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the incidence and clinical features of post-radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN), and effectiveness of surgical intervention for its treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospectively, we reviewed 380 NPC patients who underwent high dose radiotherapy (RT) (single RT in 355 and re-RT in 25) from January 2008 till December 2017 at the authors' institute, among who 22 developed Grade ≥ 3 PRNN. The management of PRNN was discussed through weekly multidisciplinary head and neck oncology conference, and surgical debridement was performed when feasible. RESULTS The incidence of PRNN was significantly higher following re-RT than in single RT (11/355, 3.1% vs. 11/25, 44.0%, p < 0.001). The PRNN patients in single RT group tended to be older and had more advanced initial tumor extents. The intervals from the latest RT start till PRNN assignment were similar between groups (7.3 vs. 6.6 months, p = 0.140). Nineteen patients underwent surgical debridement: two open; and 17 endoscopic approach, respectively. Endoscopic mucosal reconstruction was performed in eight patients. Resolution of PRNN was achieved in 11 patients (64.7%). The rates of 3-year overall survivals (OS) from the initial RT, latest RT (adjusting re-RT), and PRNN assignment were 84.4%, 70.9%, and 54.7%, respectively. Eight patients (36.4%) succumbed to death: NPC progression in three (13.6%); evidently PRNN-related events in two (9.1%), probably PRNN-related events in two (9.1%); and inter-current death in one (4.5%), respectively. CONCLUSION PRNN needs close collaboration among head and neck oncologists and could be successfully recovered, without compromising survival, following timely surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chan Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heerim Nam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Duk Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryul Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Hancox Z, Heidari Keshel S, Yousaf S, Saeinasab M, Shahbazi MA, Sefat F. The progress in corneal translational medicine. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6469-6504. [PMID: 33174878 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01209b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cornea tissue is in high demand by tissue donation centres globally, and thus tissue engineering cornea, which is the main topic of corneal translational medicine, can serve as a limitless alternative to a donated human cornea tissue. Tissue engineering aims to produce solutions to the challenges associated with conventional cornea tissue, including transplantation and use of human amniotic membrane (HAM), which have issues with storage and immune rejection in patients. Accordingly, by carefully selecting biomaterials and fabrication methods to produce these therapeutic tissues, the demand for cornea tissue can be met, with an improved healing outcome for recipients with less associated harmful risks. In this review paper, we aim to present the recent advancements in the research and clinical applications of cornea tissue, applications including biomaterial selection, fabrication methods, scaffold structure, cellular response to these scaffolds, and future advancements of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Hancox
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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Atkuru S, Muniraj G, Sudhaharan T, Chiam KH, Wright GD, Sriram G. Cellular ageing of oral fibroblasts differentially modulates extracellular matrix organization. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:108-120. [PMID: 32969036 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ageing is associated with an impaired cellular function that can affect tissue architecture and wound healing in gingival and periodontal tissues. However, the impact of oral fibroblast ageing on the structural organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is poorly understood. Hence, in this study, we investigated the impact of cellular ageing of oral fibroblasts on the production and structural organization of collagen and other ECM proteins. METHODS Oral fibroblasts were serially subcultured, and replicative cellular senescence was assessed using population doubling time, Ki67 counts and expression of P21WAFI . The production and structural organization of ECM proteins were assessed at early (young-oFB) and late (aged-oFB) passages. The thickness and pattern of collagen produced by live cultures of young- and aged-oFB were assessed using a label-free and non-invasive second harmonic generation (SHG)-based multiphoton imaging. Expression of other ECM proteins (fibronectin, fibrillin, collagen-IV and laminins) was evaluated using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy-based depth profile analysis. RESULTS Aged-oFB displayed a higher population doubling time, lower Ki67+ cells and higher expression of P21WAFI indicative of slower proliferation rate and senescence phenotype. SHG imaging demonstrated that young-oFB produced a thick, interwoven network of collagen fibres, while the aged-oFB produced thin and linearly organized collagen fibres. Similarly, analysis of immunostained cultures showed that young-oFB produced a rich, interwoven mesh of fibronectin, fibrillin and collagen-IV fibres. In contrast, the aged-oFB produced linearly organized fibronectin, fibrillin and collagen-IV fibres. Lastly, there was no observable difference in production and organization of laminins among the young- and aged-oFB. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that oral fibroblast ageing impairs ECM production and more importantly the organization of ECM fibres, which could potentially impair wound healing in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Giridharan Muniraj
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Thankiah Sudhaharan
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, Research Support Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Keng-Hwee Chiam
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Graham Daniel Wright
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, Research Support Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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Sabry DA. Comparative study about ageing effect on retina and cerebellum of
Columba livia domestica. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A. Sabry
- Zoology Department Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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Choufani A, Folliguet M, Chahine N, Rammal S, Doumit M. Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among the Institutionalized Elderly Population in Lebanon. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2020; 6:2333721420925189. [PMID: 32676521 PMCID: PMC7339905 DOI: 10.1177/2333721420925189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and risk factors among the institutionalized elderly Lebanese population. A representative sample of 526 individuals (49% males and 61% females) aged 65 years and above was examined. A questionnaire and clinical examination were administered. Bivariate and multivariate regressions were carried out. The frequency of oral mucosal lesions was 22.8% and it was associated to the use, integrity (p < .002), and hygiene level (p < .047) of removable mandibular and maxillary prosthesis. Multiple regression analysis also predicted the relationship between the mandibular prosthesis hygiene level and the occurrence of mucosal lesions. The factors controlling the occurrence of oral mucosal lesion were mainly related to the level of oral care given to the individuals. Therefore, a proper oral health care system should be implemented in the Lebanese residential homes to ensure the well-being of the residing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Choufani
- Lebanese University, Lebanon
- Antoine Choufani, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Pediatric and Public Health Dentistry Department, Lebanese University, Hadath 0000, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Awan AM, Naz I, Mahmood MK, Uddin H. COMPARISON OF EXPRESSION OF E-CADHERIN IN ORAL PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. GOMAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.46903/gjms/17.03.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pseudo-epitheliomatous Hyperplasia (PEH) is a benign proliferation of epithelium occurring in response to various neoplastic lesions, infections and inflammatory processes. It can be mistaken especially in small biopsies for an invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objective of this study was to determine the expression and comparison of immunohistochemical marker E-cadherin in OSCC and PEH lesions. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2013 to March 2016. 60 paraffin embedded cases, 30 each of PEH and OSCC were retrieved and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. They were then immune-stained with E-cadherin and expression evaluated and compared in two lesions by histopathologist. Age, sex, site of lesion and E-cadherin expression were variables. Age was described by mean and SD and other variables as frequency and percentages. Results: Mean age of OSCC group was 60.1±17.3 years and PEH group 52.7±16.6 years. OSCC group included 16 (53.33%) men and 14 (46.67%) women. PEH group included 18 (60%) men and 12 (40%) women. In OSCC group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa 12 (40%) cases, gingiva 10 (33.3%), tongue 7 (23.3%) and floor of mouth 1 (3.4%) case. In PEH group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa 12 (40%) cases, tongue 11 (36.67%), gingiva 6 (20%) and palate 1 (3.3%) case. The expression of E-cadherin was negative in all 30 cases of OSCC and positive in 29/30 (96.67%) cases in PEH. Conclusion: E-cadherin can be used as an ancillary marker in the differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia.
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Liu Y, Zhu J, Guo H, Li W, Wang X, Chen Z, Liu F, Bilig A. Evaluation of treatment response in oral chronic graft-versus-host patients by power doppler ultrasound: a prospective study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2020; 49:20190295. [PMID: 31617748 PMCID: PMC7026929 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20190295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, imaging and non-invasive examination methods for evaluating the oral tissue of patients who with oral chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are still lacking. Herein, we assessed the ultrasonography imaging characteristics of chronic GVHD patients' buccal soft tissue and evaluated the response to treatment using gray-scale and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound. The overall objective of the study was to determine the potential of ultrasonography to provide an early and objective indication of a therapeutic response to treatment intervention in oral chronic GVHD. METHODS Buccal mucosa in 21 patients with clinically diagnosis of oral chronic GVHD were assessed before and after 14 day treatment between 2016 and 2018. Ultrasonography assessment included thickness and echogenicity evaluation, and PD. Echogenicity and PD were measured and scored according to a semi-quantitative method. Ultrasonography parameters were compared with clinical activity assessments of disease activity and patient-reported measures. RESULTS Following 14 day therapy, a significant decrease in PD scores and patient-reported measures was observed (p < 0.01), and clinical assessment scores also decreased (p < 0.05). Changes from baseline PD scores correlated significantly with patient-reported measures (r = 0.85, p < 0.01). Changes in PD scores correlated moderately with the changes in the clinical assessments from baseline (r = 0.46, p < 0.05). A significant decrease in PD scores was observed in the buccal soft tissue of patients that responded clinically to the treatment. A significant decrease in PD scores was also observed in patients that were failed to show clinical improvement (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Ultrasonography is a novel and feasible imaging technique for measurement of the response of oral chronic GVHD to therapy. Ultrasonography yields additional information about buccal mucosa and is a complementaty to clinical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaan Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijie Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuming Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ariun Bilig
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
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Suzuki A, Kato H, Kawakami T, Kodama Y, Shiozawa M, Kuwae H, Miwa K, Hoshikawa E, Haga K, Shiomi A, Uenoyama A, Saitoh I, Hayasaki H, Mizuno J, Izumi K. Development of microstructured fish scale collagen scaffolds to manufacture a tissue-engineered oral mucosa equivalent. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:578-600. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1706147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Mayuko Shiozawa
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwae
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keito Miwa
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Hoshikawa
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenta Haga
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aki Shiomi
- Division of Dental Education Research Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Uenoyama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Haruaki Hayasaki
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Mizuno
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
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Clinical Trials of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Treated with Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020411. [PMID: 31936462 PMCID: PMC7014181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal surface is an essential organ necessary for vision, and its clarity must be maintained. The corneal epithelium is renewed by limbal stem cells, located in the limbus and in palisades of Vogt. Palisades of Vogt maintain the clearness of the corneal epithelium by blocking the growth of conjunctival epithelium and the invasion of blood vessels over the cornea. The limbal region can be damaged by chemical burns, physical damage (e.g., by contact lenses), congenital disease, chronic inflammation, or limbal surgeries. The degree of limbus damage is associated with the degree of limbal stem cells deficiency (partial or total). For a long time, the only treatment to restore vision was grafting part of the healthy cornea from the other eye of the patient or by transplanting a cornea from cadavers. The regenerative medicine and stem cell therapies have been applied to restore normal vision using different methodologies. The source of stem cells varies from embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, to induced pluripotent stem cells. This review focuses on the use of oral mucosa epithelial stem cells and their use in engineering cell sheets to treat limbal stem cell deficient patients.
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Fattori E, Teixeira DS, de Figueiredo MAZ, Cherubini K, Salum FG. Stomatological disorders in older people: An epidemiological study in the Brazil southern. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e577-e582. [PMID: 31433386 PMCID: PMC6764713 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional and observational study was to perform a survey of the stomatological conditions of elderly patients seen in a period of 40 years at a Stomatology Service in Southern Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 24,347 medical records were reviewed, of which 5,063 belonged to elderly patients aged 60 to 97 years. The stomatological conditions, systemic conditions, and smoking and alcohol drinking habits as well were recorded. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 69.29 years, 67.1% were female and 32.9% were male. Variations of normality accounted for 44.5% of the cases. The most prevalent disorders were fungal infections (26.1%), reactive inflammatory lesions (24.6%), burning mouth syndrome (14.9%), benign neoplasms (12.4%), autoimmune disorders (12.3%), premalignant lesions (10.2%) and malignant epithelial neoplasms (7.2%). Regarding biopsied lesions, squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent at 30.2%, followed by hyperplasic lesions (28.2%). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of these physiological and pathological conditions in the oral cavity of the older people is essential for early diagnosis and preventive and therapeutic measures when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fattori
- Serviço de Estomatologia - Hospital São Lucas, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690 Room 231, CEP: 90610-000 - Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
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17
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Campos JC, Cunha JD, Ferreira DC, Reis S, Costa PJ. Challenges in the local delivery of peptides and proteins for oral mucositis management. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:131-146. [PMID: 29702221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis, a common inflammatory side effect of oncological treatments, is a disorder of the oral mucosa that can cause painful ulcerations, local motor disabilities, and an increased risk of infections. Due to the discomfort it produces and the associated health risks, it can lead to cancer treatment restrains, such as the need for dose reduction, cycle delays or abandonment. Current mucositis management has low efficiency in prevention and treatment. A topical drug application for a local action can be a more effective approach than systemic routes when addressing oral cavity pathologies. Local delivery of growth factors, antibodies, and anti-inflammatory cytokines have shown promising results. However, due to the peptide and protein nature of these novel agents, and the several anatomic, physiological and environmental challenges of the oral cavity, their local action might be limited when using traditional delivering systems. This review is an awareness of the issues and strategies in the local delivery of macromolecules for the management of oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Campos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1).
| | - João D Cunha
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Domingos C Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Paulo J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
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Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Complications in the Early Stages After Dental Implant Placement: A Retrospective Cohort Study. IMPLANT DENT 2018; 27:221-225. [PMID: 29557798 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the background factors related to the occurrence of complications in the early stages after dental implant placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 289 outpatients who received dental implants were retrospectively evaluated for the presence or absence of complications. Background factors, including age, sex, implant width, implant length, implant site, number of implants placed, Periotest values at the time of implant placement, presence/absence of systemic disease (particularly diabetes), and the use of anticoagulation therapy, were compared between patients with and without complications. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant risk factors for the occurrence of complications after dental implant placement. RESULTS Complications in the early stages after dental implant placement occurred in 25 (8.65%) patients. The patients with complications were older than those without complications (P = 0.003). In addition, the incidence of complications was significantly higher in patients with systemic diseases (P = 0.004) and in those receiving anticoagulation therapy (P = 0.005). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age was a significant risk factor (P = 0.025) for early-stage complications, whereas the number of implants, presence of diabetes, and the use of anticoagulation therapy were not significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that age is a significant factor influencing the occurrence of complications in the early stages after dental implant placement. Therefore, clinicians should consider this factor when developing their treatment strategies.
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Incidence and risk factors for postoperative lingual neuropraxia following airway instrumentation: A retrospective matched case-control study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190589. [PMID: 29329350 PMCID: PMC5766107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lingual nerve injury or neuropraxia is a rare but potentially serious perioperative complication following airway instrumentation during general anesthesia. This study explored the the incidence and perioperative risk factors for lingual nerve injury in patients receiving laryngeal mask (LMA) or endotracheal (ETGA) general anesthesia in a single center experience. Methods and results All surgical patients in our hospital who received LMA or ETGA from 2009 to 2013 were included, and potential perioperative risk factors were compared. Matched controls were randomly selected (in 1:5 ratio) from the same database in non-case patients. A total of 36 patients in the records had reported experiencing tongue numbness after anesthesia in this study. Compared with the non-case surgical population (n = 54314), patients with tongue numbness were significantly younger (52.2±19.5 vs 42.0±14.5; P = 0.002) and reported lower ASA physical statuses (2.3±0.7 vs 1.6±0.6; P<0.001). Patient gender, anesthesia technique used, and airway device type (LMA or ETGA) did not differ significantly across the two groups. A significantly higher proportion of patients underwent operations of the head-and-neck region (38.9 vs 15.6%; P = 0.002) developed tongue numbness after anesthesia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that head-and-neck operations remained the most significant independent risk factor for postoperative lingual nerve injury (AOR 7.63; 95% CI 2.03–28.70). Conclusion The overall incidence rate of postoperative lingual neuropraxy was 0.066% in patients receiving general anesthesia with airway device in place. Young and generally healthy patients receiving head-and-neck operation are at higher risk in developing postoperative lingual neuropraxy. Attention should be particularly exercised to reduce the pressure of endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask on the tongue during head-and-neck operation to avert the occurrence of postoperative lingual neuropraxy.
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20
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Lee SY, Shih SC, Leu YS, Chang WH, Lin HC, Ku HC. Implications of Age-Related Changes in Anatomy for Geriatric-Focused Difficult Airways. INT J GERONTOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Rittich AB, Ellrich J, Said Yekta-Michael S. Assessment of lingual nerve functions after smoking cessation. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:338-344. [PMID: 28372503 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1308551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoking is associated with a variety of oral diseases. A previous study showed a reduction of thermal sensitivity in the innervation area of the lingual nerve in smokers possibly caused by a degeneration of thermosensitive receptors as a consequence of smoking. The current study investigates somatosensory changes in ex-smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sensory functions in innervation areas of lingual nerve were investigated in 40 ex-smokers by psychophysical means. Functions of lingual nerve in 40 ex-smokers were compared to those in 40 smokers and 40 non-smokers. Subjects were investigated using quantitative sensory testing (QST, cold and warm detection, thermal sensory limen, heat and cold pain, and mechanical detection). RESULTS Significant differences were found in both groups, ex-smokers and smokers compared to non-smokers. Cold (p < .001), warm (ex-smokers: p < .01; smokers: p < .001) detection thresholds and thermal sensory limen (p < .001) showed significantly lower sensitivity in ex-smokers and smokers in comparison to non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS The lower temperature sensitivity of ex-smokers compared to that in non-smokers indicates a reduction of somatosensory function of the tongue, possibly caused by irreversible nerve degeneration associated with smoking. Influencing factors leading to sensory changes could be modulation of thermo-receptors, demyelination as well as a change of the epithelial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Barbara Rittich
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Centre of Implantology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany,
| | - Jens Ellrich
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sareh Said Yekta-Michael
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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22
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Najrana T, Ramos LM, Abu Eid R, Sanchez-Esteban J. Oligohydramnios compromises lung cells size and interferes with epithelial-endothelial development. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:746-756. [PMID: 28152278 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Severe oligohydramnios can induce pulmonary hypoplasia. However, the mechanisms by which leaking of fluids cause lung hypoplasia are not well defined. The objective of this study was to characterize a mouse model of pulmonary hypoplasia induced by oligohydramnios. METHODS Amniotic sacs were punctured on E14.5 of gestation. Untouched fetuses were used as control. Pregnancy was allowed to continue until E18.5 in which lung tissue was collected and evaluated for morphometry, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. RESULTS Our results found that lung weight, lung to total body weight ratio, and lung water content were reduced in oligohydramnios when compared to controls. In contrast, oligohydramnios did not affect the DNA content. Morphometric studies confirmed that oligohydramnios fetuses had smaller air spaces than control. Interestingly, cells from oligohydramnios fetuses have smaller size and less regular shapes. Oligohydramnios decreased the differentiation of type I epithelial cells and compromised apoptosis and angiogenesis while proliferation was not affected. CONCLUSIONS Although, the smaller size of the lung could be explained by a decreased of lung fluids, our data suggest that increased of external compression secondary to severe oligohydramnios can compromise cell size and interfere with epithelial and endothelial development. Type I epithelial cells could have an unrecognized key role in the differentiation of the distal lung mediated by mechanical signals. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:746-756. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanbir Najrana
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence 02905, Rhode Island
| | - Lauren M Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence 02905, Rhode Island
| | - Rasha Abu Eid
- Dental School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Sanchez-Esteban
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence 02905, Rhode Island
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Heron SE, Elahi S. HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28326084 PMCID: PMC5339276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces account for the vast majority of HIV transmission. In adults, HIV transmission occurs mainly by vaginal and rectal routes but rarely via oral route. By contrast, pediatric HIV infections could be as the result of oral route by breastfeeding. As such mucosal surfaces play a crucial role in HIV acquisition, and spread of the virus depends on its ability to cross a mucosal barrier. HIV selectively infects, depletes, and/or dysregulates multiple arms of the human immune system particularly at the mucosal sites and causes substantial irreversible damage to the mucosal barriers. This leads to microbial products translocation and subsequently hyper-immune activation. Although introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, viral replication persists. As a result, antigen presence and immune activation are linked to “inflammaging” that attributes to a pro-inflammatory environment and the accelerated aging process in HIV patients. HIV infection is also associated with the prevalence of oral mucosal infections and dysregulation of oral microbiota, both of which may compromise the oral mucosal immunity of HIV-infected individuals. In addition, impaired oral immunity in HIV infection may predispose the patients to periodontal diseases that are associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine existing evidence regarding the role of innate and cellular components of the oral cavity in HIV infection and how HIV infection may drive systemic hyper-immune activation in these patients. We will also discuss current knowledge on HIV oral transmission, HIV immunosenescence in relation to the oral mucosal alterations during the course of HIV infection and periodontal disease. Finally, we discuss oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and how HIV infection and ART influence the oral microbiome. Therefore, unraveling how HIV compromises the integrity of the oral mucosal tissues and innate immune components of the oral cavity and its association with induction of chronic inflammation are critical for the development of effective preventive interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Heron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Heron SE, Elahi S. HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28326084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00241doi|] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces account for the vast majority of HIV transmission. In adults, HIV transmission occurs mainly by vaginal and rectal routes but rarely via oral route. By contrast, pediatric HIV infections could be as the result of oral route by breastfeeding. As such mucosal surfaces play a crucial role in HIV acquisition, and spread of the virus depends on its ability to cross a mucosal barrier. HIV selectively infects, depletes, and/or dysregulates multiple arms of the human immune system particularly at the mucosal sites and causes substantial irreversible damage to the mucosal barriers. This leads to microbial products translocation and subsequently hyper-immune activation. Although introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, viral replication persists. As a result, antigen presence and immune activation are linked to "inflammaging" that attributes to a pro-inflammatory environment and the accelerated aging process in HIV patients. HIV infection is also associated with the prevalence of oral mucosal infections and dysregulation of oral microbiota, both of which may compromise the oral mucosal immunity of HIV-infected individuals. In addition, impaired oral immunity in HIV infection may predispose the patients to periodontal diseases that are associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine existing evidence regarding the role of innate and cellular components of the oral cavity in HIV infection and how HIV infection may drive systemic hyper-immune activation in these patients. We will also discuss current knowledge on HIV oral transmission, HIV immunosenescence in relation to the oral mucosal alterations during the course of HIV infection and periodontal disease. Finally, we discuss oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and how HIV infection and ART influence the oral microbiome. Therefore, unraveling how HIV compromises the integrity of the oral mucosal tissues and innate immune components of the oral cavity and its association with induction of chronic inflammation are critical for the development of effective preventive interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Heron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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25
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Montero-Padilla S, Velaga S, Morales JO. Buccal Dosage Forms: General Considerations for Pediatric Patients. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:273-282. [PMID: 27301872 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an appropriate dosage form for pediatric patients needs to take into account several aspects, since adult drug biodistribution differs from that of pediatrics. In recent years, buccal administration has become an attractive route, having different dosage forms under development including tablets, lozenges, films, and solutions among others. Furthermore, the buccal epithelium can allow quick access to systemic circulation, which could be used for a rapid onset of action. For pediatric patients, dosage forms to be placed in the oral cavity have higher requirements for palatability to increase acceptance and therapy compliance. Therefore, an understanding of the excipients required and their functions and properties needs to be particularly addressed. This review is focused on the differences and requirements relevant to buccal administration for pediatric patients (compared to adults) and how novel dosage forms can be less invasive and more acceptable alternatives.
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26
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Lamster IB, Asadourian L, Del Carmen T, Friedman PK. The aging mouth: differentiating normal aging from disease. Periodontol 2000 2016; 72:96-107. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Uenoyama A, Kakizaki I, Shiomi A, Saito N, Hara Y, Saito T, Ohnuki H, Kato H, Takagi R, Maeda T, Izumi K. Effects of C-xylopyranoside derivative on epithelial regeneration in an in vitro 3D oral mucosa model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1344-55. [PMID: 26966997 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1153957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Identifying substandard tissue-engineered oral mucosa grafts with a poor epithelium before clinical use is critical to ensure quality assurance/control in regenerative medicine, leading to success of grafting. This study investigated the effects of one of the C-xylopyranoside derivatives, β-D-xylopyranoside-n-propane-2-one (XPP), on oral epithelial regeneration. Using a three-dimensional oral mucosa model, we analyzed changes of the epithelial structure, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, the expression levels of basement membrane zone markers, and substrates of Akt/mTOR signaling. Compared with the control, 2 mM XPP treatment increased the mean and minimal epithelial thickness, and reduced the variation of epithelial thickness. It also stimulated expressions of decorin and syndecan-1 with change of GAG amount and/or composition, and enhanced the expressions of integrin α6, CD44, and Akt/mTOR signaling substrates. These findings suggest that XPP supplementation contributes to consistent epithelial regeneration. Moreover, upregulation of those markers may play a role in increasing the quality of the oral mucosal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Uenoyama
- a Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,b Division of Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Ikuko Kakizaki
- c Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research , Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaski , Japan
| | - Aki Shiomi
- d Division of Dental Educational Research Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Naoaki Saito
- b Division of Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Yuko Hara
- a Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,e Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata, Japan
| | - Taro Saito
- a Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Hisashi Ohnuki
- a Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- e Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata, Japan.,f Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- a Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- b Division of Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.,f Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- e Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata University , Niigata, Japan
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Sanders
- Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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29
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Ciano J, Beatty BL. Regional quantitative histological variations in human oral mucosa. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:562-78. [PMID: 25402000 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosa demonstrates regional variations that reflect contact with food during mastication. Though known qualitatively, our aim was to quantitatively assess regions to establish a measurable baseline from which one could compare in pathological and comparative studies, in which the abrasiveness of diets may differ. We assessed variations in the epithelial-connective tissue junction (rete ridges counts), collagen organization within the lamina propria, and elastin composition of the lamina propria of 15 regions of the labial (buccal) gingiva, lingual gingiva, vestibule, and palate. All characteristics varied more between regions within the same individual than between individuals. Lingual gingiva had high rete ridges counts, high level of collagen organization, and moderate elastin composition compared to other regions. The labial gingiva had few rete ridges, high collagen organization, and low elastin. The vestibule had the fewest average of rete ridges, least organized collagen, and high elastin. The hard palate had the highest average of rete ridges, high collagen organization, and the lowest elastin content. The soft palate conversely had the smallest average of rete ridges, moderate collagen organization, and the highest elastin composition. Our results indicate that comparison of these quantitative histological differences is warranted only for collagen organization and elastin composition. Differences in rete ridges counts were not statistically significant. Most histological characteristics observed were not significantly different between dentulous and edentulous cadavers, and the group containing all individuals. An exception was the level of collagen fiber organization within the lamina propria, which was higher in most regions when teeth were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciano
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, New York, USA
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Thapasum AF, Rangdhol V, Mohammed F, Mohamed S, Shanmugam S. Gray-scale ultrasonographic imaging of the buccal mucosa in various stages of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-014-0191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Krithika C, Ramanathan S, Koteeswaran D, Sridhar C, Satheesh Krishna J, Shiva Shankar MP. Ultrasonographic evaluation of oral submucous fibrosis in habitual areca nut chewers. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013; 42:20120319. [PMID: 23906973 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20120319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the sonographic features of the buccal mucosa in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). METHODS Three groups (controls with areca-related habits, controls without areca-related habits and clinically diagnosed OSF cases), each comprising 30 subjects, were included in the study. After a thorough clinical examination, transcutaneous B-mode ultrasonography was performed with a multifrequency linear transducer (5-10 MHz) for anterior and posterior buccal mucosa bilaterally. Both clinical and ultrasound findings were recorded by three independent observers. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference post-hoc tests were used for statistical comparisons between groups and Pearson χ(2) tests to compare the proportions. Kappa statistics was used to determine the interobserver agreement. RESULTS The submucosa that appeared hypoechoic in the control groups had significantly increased echogenicity in the case group (hypo- to isoechoic in 46.7% and isoechoic in 53.3%). The differentiation between the submucosa and the muscle layer appeared distinct in the control groups while it was not clear in the case group (indistinct in 50% and completely lost in 50%). The number of sites found positive on the ultrasound was significantly greater than the number of clinically positive sites. There was a very good interobserver consistency in clinical and ultrasound findings. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography of the buccal mucosa demonstrates increased submucosal echogenicity and reduced echo differentiation between submucosa and muscle layer in OSF cases. Hence, it can be used as a non-invasive imaging modality to assess the disease extent and severity across the entire buccal mucosa to supplement clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Krithika
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Chennai, India
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Intraepithelially entrapped blood vessels in oral carcinoma in-situ. Virchows Arch 2012; 460:473-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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