1
|
Twitto-Greenberg R, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Michaelson DM, Liraz O, Lubitz I, Atrakchi-Baranes D, Shemesh C, Ashery U, Cooper I, Harari A, Harats D, Schnaider-Beeri M, Shaish A. 9-cis beta-carotene-enriched diet significantly improved cognition and decreased Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease-like mouse models. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:16-27. [PMID: 38381472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A significant progressive decline in beta-carotene (βC) levels in the brain is associated with cognitive impairment and a higher prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated whether the administration of 9-cis beta-carotene (9CBC)-rich powder of the alga Dunaliella bardawil, the best-known source of βC in nature, inhibits the development of AD-like neuropathology and cognitive deficits. We demonstrated that in 3 AD mouse models, Tg2576, 5xFAD, and apoE4, 9CBC treatment improved long- and short-term memory, decreased neuroinflammation, and reduced the prevalence of β-amyloid plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation. These findings suggest that 9CBC has the potential to be an effective preventive and symptomatic AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Twitto-Greenberg
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; The Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Institutes for Health and Medical Professions, Department of Sports Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kyrat-Ono, Israel
| | - Daniel M Michaelson
- The Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Liraz
- The Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Lubitz
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Chen Shemesh
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Uri Ashery
- The Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Institutes for Health and Medical Professions, Department of Sports Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kyrat-Ono, Israel
| | - Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Be'er-Tuvia Regional Council, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Medoro A, Davinelli S, Milella L, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Scapagnini G, Willcox DC. Dietary Astaxanthin: A Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Brain Aging and Adult Neurogenesis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:643. [PMID: 38132964 PMCID: PMC10744637 DOI: 10.3390/md21120643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased adult neurogenesis, or the gradual depletion of neural stem cells in adult neurogenic niches, is considered a hallmark of brain aging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between aging, adult neurogenesis, and the potential neuroregenerative properties of astaxanthin, a carotenoid principally extracted from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. The unique chemical structure of astaxanthin enables it to cross the blood-brain barrier and easily reach the brain, where it may positively influence adult neurogenesis. Astaxanthin can affect molecular pathways involved in the homeostasis, through the activation of FOXO3-related genetic pathways, growth, and regeneration of adult brain neurons, enhancing cell proliferation and the potency of stem cells in neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, astaxanthin appears to modulate neuroinflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and limiting neuroinflammation associated with aging and chronic microglial activation. By modulating these pathways, along with its potent antioxidant properties, astaxanthin may contribute to the restoration of a healthy neurogenic microenvironment, thereby preserving the activity of neurogenic niches during both normal and pathological aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V. le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Donald Craig Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2211, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng J, Zheng Y, Guo M, Ares I, Martínez M, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Oxidative stress, the blood-brain barrier and neurodegenerative diseases: The critical beneficial role of dietary antioxidants. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3988-4024. [PMID: 37799389 PMCID: PMC10547923 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, growing awareness of the role of oxidative stress in brain health has prompted antioxidants, especially dietary antioxidants, to receive growing attention as possible treatments strategies for patients with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The most widely studied dietary antioxidants include active substances such as vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols. Dietary antioxidants are found in usually consumed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts and oils and are gaining popularity due to recently growing awareness of their potential for preventive and protective agents against NDs, as well as their abundant natural sources, generally non-toxic nature, and ease of long-term consumption. This review article examines the role of oxidative stress in the development of NDs, explores the 'two-sidedness' of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a protective barrier to the nervous system and an impeding barrier to the use of antioxidants as drug medicinal products and/or dietary antioxidants supplements for prevention and therapy and reviews the BBB permeability of common dietary antioxidant suplements and their potential efficacy in the prevention and treatment of NDs. Finally, current challenges and future directions for the prevention and treatment of NDs using dietary antioxidants are discussed, and useful information on the prevention and treatment of NDs is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youle Zheng
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng YF, Wang LL, Gu JH, Zeng YQ. Effects of astaxanthin on depressive and sleep symptoms: A narrative mini-review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18288. [PMID: 37539097 PMCID: PMC10393630 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition that results in persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, imposing a significant economic burden on health systems and society. Impaired sleep is both a symptom and a risk factor for depression. Natural astaxanthin (AST), a carotenoid primarily derived from algae and aquatic animals, possesses multiple pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant stress effects. Prior research suggests that AST may have antidepressant properties. This mini-review highlights the potential mechanisms by which AST can prevent depression, providing novel insights into drug research for depression treatment. Specifically, this mechanism suggests that astaxanthin may improve sleep and thus potentially aid in the treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yue-Qin Zeng
- Corresponding author. Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu X, Xie J, Zhou L, Zhang J, Chen Z, Xiao J, Cao Y, Xiao H. Recent advances in health benefits and bioavailability of dietary astaxanthin and its isomers. Food Chem 2023; 404:134605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Astaxanthin: A promising therapeutic agent for organ fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106657. [PMID: 36682437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the end-stage pathological manifestation of many chronic diseases. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and activation of myofibroblasts are the most prominent features of fibrosis, with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues leading to organ tissue damage, which eventually progresses to organ failure and leads to high mortality rates. At present, a large number of studies have been conducted on tissue fibrosis, and the pathological mechanism of fibrosis development has generally been recognized. However, the prevention and treatment of fibrosis is still an unsolved problem, and a shortage of drugs that can be used in the clinic persists. Astaxanthin (ASTX), a carotenoid, is widely known for its strong antioxidant capacity. ASTX also has other biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiaging and anticancer properties. Recently, many papers have reported that ASTX inhibits the occurrence and development of fibrosis by regulating signaling molecular pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β/small mother against decapentaplegic protein (TGF-β1/Smad), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), microRNA, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf 2/ARE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways. By targeting these molecular signaling pathways, ASTX may become a potential drug for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic effects of ASTX on organ fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms of action. By reviewing the results from in vitro and in vivo studies, we analyzed the therapeutic prospects of ASTX for various fibrotic diseases and provided insights into and strategies for exploring new drugs for the treatment of fibrosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nabi SU, Rehman MU, Arafah A, Taifa S, Khan IS, Khan A, Rashid S, Jan F, Wani HA, Ahmad SF. Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders by Mitochondrial-targeted Drug: Future of Neurological Diseases Therapeutics. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1042-1064. [PMID: 36411568 PMCID: PMC10286588 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221121095618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology that might involve environmental and genetic variables. Recently, some epidemiological studies conducted in various parts of the world have estimated a significant increase in the prevalence of autism, with 1 in every 59 children having some degree of autism. Since autism has been associated with other clinical abnormalities, there is every possibility that a sub-cellular component may be involved in the progression of autism. The organelle remains a focus based on mitochondria's functionality and metabolic role in cells. Furthermore, the mitochondrial genome is inherited maternally and has its DNA and organelle that remain actively involved during embryonic development; these characteristics have linked mitochondrial dysfunction to autism. Although rapid stride has been made in autism research, there are limited studies that have made particular emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and autism. Accumulating evidence from studies conducted at cellular and sub-cellular levels has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction's role in autism is more than expected. The present review has attempted to describe the risk factors of autism, the role of mitochondria in the progression of the disease, oxidative damage as a trigger point to initiate mitochondrial damage, genetic determinants of the disease, possible pathogenic pathways and therapeutic regimen in vogue and the developmental stage. Furthermore, in the present review, an attempt has been made to include the novel therapeutic regimens under investigation at different clinical trial stages and their potential possibility to emerge as promising drugs against ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar J&K, 190006, India
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Taifa
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar J&K, 190006, India
| | - Iqra Shafi Khan
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar J&K, 190006, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Jan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Ferozepur Road, Punjab, 142024, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Degree College Sumbal, Bandipora, J&K, India
| | - Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuedo Z, Chotphruethipong L, Raju N, Reudhabibadh R, Benjakul S, Chonpathompikunlert P, Klaypradit W, Hutamekalin P. Oral Administration of Ethanolic Extract of Shrimp Shells-Loaded Liposome Protects against Aβ-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172673. [PMID: 36076858 PMCID: PMC9455250 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a progressive loss of memory and cognition. Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain is a well-known pathological hallmark of the disease. In this study, the ethanolic extract of white shrimp (Litopenaous vannamei) shells and the ethanolic extract-loaded liposome were tested for the neuroprotective effects on Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in rats. The commercial astaxanthin was used as a control. Treatment with the ethanolic extract of shrimp shells (EESS) at the dose of 100 mg/kg BW showed no protective effect in Aβ-treated rats. However, treatment with an EESS-loaded liposome at the dose of 100 mg/kg BW significantly improved memory ability in Morris water maze and object recognition tests. The beneficial effect of the EESS-loaded liposome was ensured by the increase of the memory-related proteins including BDNF/TrkB and pre- and post-synaptic protein markers GAP-43 and PSD-95 as well as pErk1/2/Erk1/2 in the cortex and hippocampus. These findings indicated the neuroprotective effects of the EESS-loaded liposome on Aβ-induced memory impairment in rats. It produced beneficial effects on learning behavior probably through the function of BDNF/TrkB/pErk1/2/Erk1/2 signaling pathway and subsequently the upregulation of synaptic proteins. The present study provided evidence that the neuroprotective property of the ESSE-loaded liposome could be a promising strategy for AD protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zulkiflee Kuedo
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Lalita Chotphruethipong
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Mueang Chonburi, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Navaneethan Raju
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | | | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Expert Center of Innovative Health Food and Biodiversity Research Centre, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwimol Klaypradit
- Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pilaiwanwadee Hutamekalin
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-74-288-207
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xia D, Qiu W, Wang X, Liu J. Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives of Microalgae-Derived Pharmaceuticals. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:703. [PMID: 34940702 PMCID: PMC8703604 DOI: 10.3390/md19120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal cells serve as solar-powered factories that produce pharmaceuticals, recombinant proteins (vaccines and drugs), and valuable natural byproducts that possess medicinal properties. The main advantages of microalgae as cell factories can be summarized as follows: they are fueled by photosynthesis, are carbon dioxide-neutral, have rapid growth rates, are robust, have low-cost cultivation, are easily scalable, pose no risk of human pathogenic contamination, and their valuable natural byproducts can be further processed. Despite their potential, there are many technical hurdles that need to be overcome before the commercial production of microalgal pharmaceuticals, and extensive studies regarding their impact on human health must still be conducted and the results evaluated. Clearly, much work remains to be done before microalgae can be used in the large-scale commercial production of pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advancements in microalgal biotechnology and its future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Wen Qiu
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Xianxian Wang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Junying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Assessing the Potential of Nutraceuticals as Geroprotectors on Muscle Performance and Cognition in Aging Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091415. [PMID: 34573047 PMCID: PMC8472831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and frailty are associated with a decline in muscle force generation, which is a direct consequence of reduced muscle quantity and quality. Among the leading contributors to aging is the generation of reactive oxygen species, the byproducts of terminal oxidation. Their negative effects can be moderated via antioxidant supplementation. Krill oil and astaxanthin (AX) are nutraceuticals with a variety of health promoting, geroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-fatigue effects. In this work, we examined the functional effects of these two nutraceutical agents supplemented via pelleted chow in aging mice by examining in vivo and in vitro skeletal muscle function, along with aspects of intracellular and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, as well as cognition and spatial memory. AX diet regimen limited weight gain compared to the control group; however, this phenomenon was not accompanied by muscle tissue mass decline. On the other hand, both AX and krill oil supplementation increased force production without altering calcium homeostasis during excitation-contraction coupling mechanism or mitochondrial calcium uptake processes. We also provide evidence of improved spatial memory and learning ability in aging mice because of krill oil supplementation. Taken together, our data favors the application of antioxidant nutraceuticals as geroprotectors to improve cognition and healthy aging by virtue of improved skeletal muscle force production.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Z, Xiao J, Liu H, Yao K, Hou X, Cao Y, Liu X. Astaxanthin attenuates oxidative stress and immune impairment in D-galactose-induced aging in rats by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and suppressing the NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2021; 11:8099-8111. [PMID: 32857080 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a potential antioxidant, astaxanthin (AST) exhibits anti-aging effects. However, its relationships to oxidative stress and immunity have yet to be sufficiently investigated. In this research, integrated analysis of oxidative stress and immunosenescence was performed to elucidate the efficacy and potential mechanisms of AST in d-galactose-induced aging in rats. The results showed that AST significantly decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and increased antioxidase activity, in addition to demonstrating the ability to repair histopathological injuries to the liver, thereby attenuating oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression was up-regulated by 117.95%, whereas Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1) expression was simultaneously down-regulated by 51.22%. Moreover, AST significantly reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, as well as expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (p65) and i-kappa-B-alpha (IκBα) proteins. Findings of repair of immune organs, as well as elevated levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), suggest a novel mechanism by which AST could regulate cellular immunity and humoral immunity to attenuate immunosenescence. The anti-aging effects of AST were shown to be due in part to the Nrf2/Keap1 and NF-κB pathways, and AST treatment ameliorated oxidative stress and immune impairment overall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Han Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kangfei Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoning Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Castelli V, Melani F, Ferri C, d'Angelo M, Catanesi M, Grassi D, Benedetti E, Giordano A, Cimini A, Desideri G. Neuroprotective activities of bacopa, lycopene, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12 combination on oxidative stress-dependent neuronal death. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4862-4869. [PMID: 32449987 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered the common effector of the cascade of degenerative events in many neurological conditions. Thus, in this paper we tested different nutraceuticals in H2 O2 in vitro model to understand if could represent an adjuvant treatment for neurological diseases. In this study, nutraceuticals bacopa, lycopene, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12 were used alone or in combination in human neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y cells upon hydrogen peroxide-induced injury and neuroprotective, neuronal death pathways were analyzed. The nutraceuticals analyzed were able to protect H2 O2 cytotoxic effects, through increasing cell viability and proteins involved in neuroprotection pathways and restoring proteins involved in cell death pathways. On this basis, it is possible to propose the use of these compounds as dietary supplement for the prevention or as adjuvant to the only symptomatic treatments so far available for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Natural Antioxidants: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorders? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121186. [PMID: 33256243 PMCID: PMC7761361 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental syndromes with both genetic and environmental origins. Several recent studies have shown that inflammation and oxidative stress may play a key role in supporting the pathogenesis and the severity of ASD. Thus, the administration of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecules may represent a promising strategy to counteract pathological behaviors in ASD patients. In the current review, results from recent literature showing how natural antioxidants may be beneficial in the context of ASD will be discussed. Interestingly, many antioxidant molecules available in nature show anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, after introducing ASD and the role of the vitamin E/vitamin C/glutathione network in scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the impairments observed with ASD, we discuss the concept of functional food and nutraceutical compounds. Furthermore, the effects of well-known nutraceutical compounds on ASD individuals and animal models of ASD are summarized. Finally, the importance of nutraceutical compounds as support therapy useful in reducing the symptoms in autistic people is discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao X, Huang Z, Feng C, Guan C, Li R, Xie H, Chen J, Li M, Que R, Deng B, Cao P, Li M, Lu J, Huang Y, Li M, Yang W, Yang X, Wen C, Liang X, Yang Q, Chao YX, Chan LL, Yenari MA, Jin K, Chaudhuri KR, Zhang J, Tan EK, Wang Q. Multimodal analysis of gene expression from postmortem brains and blood identifies synaptic vesicle trafficking genes to be associated with Parkinson's disease. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5932213. [PMID: 33079984 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify key susceptibility gene targets in multiple datasets generated from postmortem brains and blood of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and healthy controls (HC). METHODS We performed a multitiered analysis to integrate the gene expression data using multiple-gene chips from 244 human postmortem tissues. We identified hub node genes in the highly PD-related consensus module by constructing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Next, we validated the top four interacting genes in 238 subjects (90 sporadic PD, 125 HC and 23 Parkinson's Plus Syndrome (PPS)). Utilizing multinomial logistic regression analysis (MLRA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC), we analyzed the risk factors and diagnostic power for discriminating PD from HC and PPS. RESULTS We identified 1333 genes that were significantly different between PD and HCs based on seven microarray datasets. The identified MEturquoise module is related to synaptic vesicle trafficking (SVT) dysfunction in PD (P < 0.05), and PPI analysis revealed that SVT genes PPP2CA, SYNJ1, NSF and PPP3CB were the top four hub node genes in MEturquoise (P < 0.001). The levels of these four genes in PD postmortem brains were lower than those in HC brains. We found lower blood levels of PPP2CA, SYNJ1 and NSF in PD compared with HC, and lower SYNJ1 in PD compared with PPS (P < 0.05). SYNJ1, negatively correlated to PD severity, displayed an excellent power to discriminating PD from HC and PPS. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that SVT genes, especially SYNJ1, may be promising markers in discriminating PD from HCs and PPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Zifeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Cailing Feng
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Chaohao Guan
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences of University of California, USA
| | - Haiting Xie
- Department of Neurology of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Mingchun Li
- Department of Neurology of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Rongfang Que
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Neurology of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Peihua Cao
- Clinical Research Centre of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Mengyan Li
- Department of Neurology of First Municipal Hospital of Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Laboratory for Neuromodulation of Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, China
| | - Yihong Huang
- Department of Neurology of Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Minzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guanghzou, China
| | - Weihong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Chunyan Wen
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yin-Xia Chao
- Department of Neurology of National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School
| | - Ling-Ling Chan
- Department of Neurology of National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School
| | | | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- International Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence at Kings College Hospital and research director at Kings College Hospital, and Kings College, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine (USA)
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, and a professor in the Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Qing Wang
- Head of Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cohn-Schwartz E, Weinstein G. Early-life food deprivation and cognitive performance among older Europeans. Maturitas 2020; 141:26-32. [PMID: 33036699 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life adversity, including food deprivation, has been linked with late-life cognitive function. Our aim was to explore the association between the early experience of hunger (the age at which it was experienced and its duration) and cognitive performance and decline among older Europeans. METHODS Our sample comprised dementia-free individuals aged ≥65 years who participated in waves 3 and 4 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Information on periods of hunger during the life course was gathered in wave 3 (2009; SHARELIFE). Cognitive performance was assessed using tests of memory, verbal fluency and numeracy in waves 4 (2011) and 5 (2013). Regression models were used to assess the relationship between the experience of hunger at different ages and its duration and cognitive performance and decline while adjusting for age, sex, education, lifestyle and health factors. RESULTS Among a sample of 2131 individuals (mean age = 76.2 years; 50 % women), the experience of hunger when aged 0-4 years was associated with poorer immediate and delayed recall, fluency and impaired numeracy factors (B±SE=-0.58 ± 0.12; p < 0.001; B±SE=-0.74 ± 0.13; p < 0.001, B±SE=-1.60 ± 0.42; p < 0.001 and OR [95 % CI] = 0.57 [0.42-0.79], respectively). These results attenuated after controlling for duration of the experience of hunger but remained significant for immediate and delayed recall. The experience of hunger at ages 12-18 years was associated with better immediate recall, delayed recall and fluency (B±SE = 0.38 ± 0.15; p = 0.010; B±SE = 0.37 ± 0.17; p = 0.026, B±SE = 1.57 ± 0.53; p = 0.003, respectively). The associations of hunger with cognitive decline were similar but less robust. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that severe nutritional deprivation in early childhood may be associated with poor cognitive function in later life, while food deprivation in later childhood and adolescence may be protective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Cohn-Schwartz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
| | - Galit Weinstein
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cui X, Lin Q, Liang Y. Plant-Derived Antioxidants Protect the Nervous System From Aging by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:209. [PMID: 32760268 PMCID: PMC7372124 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major disease contributing to human death and is thought to be closely related to the aging process. The rich antioxidant substances in plants have been shown to play a role in delaying aging, and in recent years, significant research has focused on also examining their potential role in AD onset and progression. Many plant-derived antioxidant research studies have provided insights for the future treatment and prevention of AD. This article reviews various types of plant-derived antioxidants with anti-aging effects on neurons. Also it distinguishes the different types of active substances that exhibit different degrees of protection for the nervous system and summarizes the mechanism thereof. Plant-derived antioxidants with neuroprotective functions can protect various components of the nervous system in a variety of ways and can have a positive impact on interventions to prevent and alleviate AD. Furthermore, when considering neuroprotective agents, glial cells also contribute to the defense of the nervous system and should not be ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Cui
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sorrenti V, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Willcox DC. Astaxanthin as a Putative Geroprotector: Molecular Basis and Focus on Brain Aging. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070351. [PMID: 32635607 PMCID: PMC7401246 DOI: 10.3390/md18070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific interest in natural compounds with geroprotective activities has grown exponentially. Among the various naturally derived molecules, astaxanthin (ASX) represents a highly promising candidate geroprotector. By virtue of the central polyene chain, ASX acts as a scavenger of free radicals in the internal membrane layer and simultaneously controls oxidation on the membrane surface. Moreover, several studies have highlighted ASX’s ability to modulate numerous biological mechanisms at the cellular level, including the modulation of transcription factors and genes directly linked to longevity-related pathways. One of the main relevant evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors modulated by astaxanthin is the forkhead box O3 gene (FOXO3), which has been recognized as a critical controller of cell fate and function. Moreover, FOXO3 is one of only two genes shown to robustly affect human longevity. Due to its tropism in the brain, ASX has recently been studied as a putative neuroprotective molecule capable of delaying or preventing brain aging in different experimental models of brain damage or neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin has been observed to slow down brain aging by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain, attenuating oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and DNA and protecting mitochondrial functions. Emerging data now suggest that ASX can modulate Nrf2, FOXO3, Sirt1, and Klotho proteins that are linked to longevity. Together, these mechanisms provide support for a role of ASX as a potential geroneuroprotector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Donald C. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2701, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of Astaxanthin from Shrimp Shell on Oxidative Stress and Behavior in Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110628. [PMID: 31690015 PMCID: PMC6891431 DOI: 10.3390/md17110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of astaxanthin (ASX) extracted and ASX powder from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) shells on Wistar rats with Alzheimer's disease, induced by amyloid-β (1-42) peptides. In this task, the rats were divided into eight groups: (1) Control, (2) sham operate, (3) negative control (vehicle) + Aβ1-42, (4) ASX extract+Aβ1-42, (5) commercial ASX + Aβ1-42, (6) ASX powder + Aβ1-42, (7) blank powder + Aβ1-42, and (8) vitamin E + Aβ1-42. All treatments were orally administrated for 30 days. At 14- and 29-days post injection, animals were observed in behavioral tests. On the 31st day, animals were sacrificed; the hippocampus and cortex were collected. Those two brain areas were then homogenized and stored for biochemical and histological analysis. The results showed that the Aβ1-42 infused group significantly reduced cognitive ability and increased memory loss, as assessed by the Morris water maze test, novel object recognition test, and novel object location test. Moreover, the Aβ1-42 infused group exhibited a deterioration of oxidative markers, including glutathione peroxidase enzymes (GPx), lipid peroxidation (MDA), products of protein oxidation, and superoxide anion in the cortex and the hippocampus. Meanwhile, ASX powder (10 mg/kg body weight) showed a significant reduction in cognitive and memory impairments and oxidative stress which is greater than ASX extract in the same dose of compound or vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight). Our study indicates the beneficial properties of ASX in alleviation of cognitive functions and reducing neurodegeneration in Wistar rats induced by amyloid-β (1-42) peptides.
Collapse
|