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Sorrenti V, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Cassidy A, De Vivo I. Cell Survival, Death, and Proliferation in Senescent and Cancer Cells: the Role of (Poly)phenols. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1111-1130. [PMID: 37271484 PMCID: PMC10509428 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has long been considered a permanent state of cell cycle arrest occurring in proliferating cells subject to different stressors, used as a cellular defense mechanism from acquiring potentially harmful genetic faults. However, recent studies highlight that senescent cells might also alter the local tissue environment and concur to chronic inflammation and cancer risk by secreting inflammatory and matrix remodeling factors, acquiring a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Indeed, during aging and age-related diseases, senescent cells amass in mammalian tissues, likely contributing to the inevitable loss of tissue function as we age. Cellular senescence has thus become one potential target to tackle age-associated diseases as well as cancer development. One important aspect characterizing senescent cells is their telomere length. Telomeres shorten as a consequence of multiple cellular replications, gradually leading to permanent cell cycle arrest, known as replicative senescence. Interestingly, in the large majority of cancer cells, a senescence escape strategy is used and telomere length is maintained by telomerase, thus favoring cancer initiation and tumor survival. There is growing evidence showing how (poly)phenols can impact telomere maintenance through different molecular mechanisms depending on dose and cell phenotypes. Although normally, (poly)phenols maintain telomere length and support telomerase activity, in cancer cells this activity is negatively modulated, thus accelerating telomere attrition and promoting cancer cell death. Some (poly)phenols have also been shown to exert senolytic activity, thus suggesting both antiaging (directly eliminating senescent cells) and anticancer (indirectly, via SASP inhibition) potentials. In this review, we analyze selective (poly)phenol mechanisms in senescent and cancer cells to discriminate between in vitro and in vivo evidence and human applications considering (poly)phenol bioavailability, the influence of the gut microbiota, and their dose-response effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Li Volti G, Sorrenti V, Murabito P, Galvano F, Veroux M, Gullo A, Acquaviva R, Stacchiotti A, Bonomini F, Vanella L, Di Giacomo C. Corrigendum to Pharmacological Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibits iNOS and Oxidative Stress in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Transplantation Proceedings volume 39 (2007) Pages 2986-2991. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:1767-1768. [PMID: 37217367 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Li Volti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy..
| | - V Sorrenti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P Murabito
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Galvano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Veroux
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Gullo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Acquaviva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Stacchiotti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Bonomini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Vanella
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Di Giacomo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Corbi G, Nobile V, Conti V, Cannavo A, Sorrenti V, Medoro A, Scapagnini G, Davinelli S. Equol and Resveratrol Improve Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women: A Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12063. [PMID: 37569440 PMCID: PMC10419295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is a major cause of loss of postmenopausal bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of equol and resveratrol on bone turnover biomarkers in postmenopausal women. Sixty healthy postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg fermented soy containing 10 mg equol and 25 mg resveratrol or a placebo for 12 months. Whole-body BMD and bone turnover biomarkers, such as deoxypyridinoline (DPD), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), were measured at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. At the end of treatment, DPD, osteocalcin, and BAP significantly improved in the active group (p < 0.0001 for all) compared to the placebo group. Conversely, TRACP-5b levels were unaffected by supplementation (p = 0.051). Statistically significant changes in the concentrations of DPD (p < 0.0001), osteocalcin (p = 0.0001), and BAP (p < 0.0001) compared to baseline were also identified. Overall, the intervention significantly increased BMD measured in the whole body (p = 0.0220) compared with the placebo. These data indicate that the combination of equol and resveratrol may positively modulate bone turnover biomarkers and BMD, representing a potential approach to prevent age-related bone loss in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
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Medoro A, Jafar TH, Ali S, Trung TT, Sorrenti V, Intrieri M, Scapagnini G, Davinelli S. In silico evaluation of geroprotective phytochemicals as potential sirtuin 1 interactors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114425. [PMID: 36812712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) belongs to the histone deacetylase enzyme family and its activity regulates various signaling networks associated with aging. SIRT1 is widely involved in a large number of biological processes, including senescence, autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In addition, SIRT1 activation may improve lifespan and health in numerous experimental models. Therefore, SIRT1 targeting is a potential strategy to delay or reverse aging and age-related diseases. Although SIRT1 is activated by a wide array of small molecules, only a limited number of phytochemicals that directly interact with SIRT1 have been identified. Using the Geroprotectors.org database and a literature search, the aim of this study was to identify geroprotective phytochemicals that might interact with SIRT1. We performed molecular docking, density functional theory studies, molecular dynamic simulations (MDS), and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction to screen potential candidates against SIRT1. After the initial screening of 70 phytochemicals, crocin, celastrol, hesperidin, taxifolin, vitexin, and quercetin had significant binding affinity scores. These six compounds established multiple hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions with SIRT1 and showed good drug-likeness and ADMET properties. In particular, crocin was further analyzed using MDS to study its complex with SIRT1 during simulation. Crocin has a high reactivity to SIRT1 and can form a stable complex with it, showing a good ability to fit into the binding pocket. Although further investigations are required, our results suggest that these geroprotective phytochemicals, especially crocin, are novel interacting partners of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Tassadaq Hussain Jafar
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Truong Tan Trung
- Laboratory of Computation and Nanoscience, Dong Nai Technology University, Dong Nai, Vietnam
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Sorrenti V, Benedetti F, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Davinelli S, Zella D, Scapagnini G. Immunomodulatory and Antiaging Mechanisms of Resveratrol, Rapamycin, and Metformin: Focus on mTOR and AMPK Signaling Networks. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080912. [PMID: 35893737 PMCID: PMC9394378 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results from the progressive dysregulation of several molecular pathways and mTOR and AMPK signaling have been suggested to play a role in the complex changes in key biological networks involved in cellular senescence. Moreover, multiple factors, including poor nutritional balance, drive immunosenescence progression, one of the meaningful aspects of aging. Unsurprisingly, nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions could help maintain an optimal biological response by providing essential bioactive micronutrients required for the development, maintenance, and the expression of the immune response at all stages of life. In this regard, many studies have provided evidence of potential antiaging properties of resveratrol, as well as rapamycin and metformin. Indeed, in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated for these molecules a number of positive effects associated with healthy aging. The current review focuses on the mechanisms of action of these three important compounds and their suggested use for the clinical treatment of immunosenescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Davide Zella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
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Sorrenti V, Cecchetto C, Maschietto M, Fortinguerra S, Buriani A, Vassanelli S. Understanding the Effects of Anesthesia on Cortical Electrophysiological Recordings: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1286. [PMID: 33525470 PMCID: PMC7865872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia in animal experiments is an ethical must and is required for all the procedures that are likely to cause more than slight or momentary pain. As anesthetics are known to deeply affect experimental findings, including electrophysiological recordings of brain activity, understanding their mechanism of action is of paramount importance. It is widely recognized that the depth and type of anesthesia introduce significant bias in electrophysiological measurements by affecting the shape of both spontaneous and evoked signals, e.g., modifying their latency and relative amplitude. Therefore, for a given experimental protocol, it is relevant to identify the appropriate anesthetic, to minimize the impact on neuronal circuits and related signals under investigation. This review focuses on the effect of different anesthetics on cortical electrical recordings, examining their molecular mechanisms of action, their influence on neuronal microcircuits and, consequently, their impact on cortical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Claudia Cecchetto
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Maschietto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stefano Vassanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Benedetti F, Sorrenti V, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Scapagnini G, Zella D. Resveratrol, Rapamycin and Metformin as Modulators of Antiviral Pathways. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121458. [PMID: 33348714 PMCID: PMC7766714 DOI: 10.3390/v12121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced nutrition and appropriate dietary interventions are fundamental in the prevention and management of viral infections. Additionally, accurate modulation of the inflammatory response is necessary to achieve an adequate antiviral immune response. Many studies, both in vitro with mammalian cells and in vivo with small animal models, have highlighted the antiviral properties of resveratrol, rapamycin and metformin. The current review outlines the mechanisms of action of these three important compounds on the cellular pathways involved with viral replication and the mechanisms of virus-related diseases, as well as the current status of their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.Z.)
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.Z.)
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Sorrenti V, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Willcox DC. Astaxanthin as a Putative Geroprotector: Molecular Basis and Focus on Brain Aging. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070351. [PMID: 32635607 PMCID: PMC7401246 DOI: 10.3390/md18070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific interest in natural compounds with geroprotective activities has grown exponentially. Among the various naturally derived molecules, astaxanthin (ASX) represents a highly promising candidate geroprotector. By virtue of the central polyene chain, ASX acts as a scavenger of free radicals in the internal membrane layer and simultaneously controls oxidation on the membrane surface. Moreover, several studies have highlighted ASX’s ability to modulate numerous biological mechanisms at the cellular level, including the modulation of transcription factors and genes directly linked to longevity-related pathways. One of the main relevant evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors modulated by astaxanthin is the forkhead box O3 gene (FOXO3), which has been recognized as a critical controller of cell fate and function. Moreover, FOXO3 is one of only two genes shown to robustly affect human longevity. Due to its tropism in the brain, ASX has recently been studied as a putative neuroprotective molecule capable of delaying or preventing brain aging in different experimental models of brain damage or neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin has been observed to slow down brain aging by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain, attenuating oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and DNA and protecting mitochondrial functions. Emerging data now suggest that ASX can modulate Nrf2, FOXO3, Sirt1, and Klotho proteins that are linked to longevity. Together, these mechanisms provide support for a role of ASX as a potential geroneuroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Donald C. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2701, Japan
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Sorrenti V, Ali S, Mancin L, Davinelli S, Paoli A, Scapagnini G. Cocoa Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interplay: Bioavailability, Prebiotic Effect, and Impact on Human Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071908. [PMID: 32605083 PMCID: PMC7400387 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa and its products are rich sources of polyphenols such as flavanols. These compounds exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, accountable for cocoa health-promoting effects. However, cocoa polyphenols are poorly absorbed in the intestine, and most of them cannot reach the systemic circulation in their natural forms. Instead, their secondary bioactive metabolites are bioavailable, enter the circulation, reach the target organs, and exhibit their activities. In fact, once reaching the intestine, cocoa polyphenols interact bidirectionally with the gut microbiota. These compounds can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota exerting prebiotic mechanisms. They enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the number of pathogenic ones, such as Clostridium perfringens. On the other hand, bioactive cocoa metabolites can enhance gut health, displaying anti-inflammatory activities, positively affecting immunity, and reducing the risk of various diseases. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge of the bidirectional interaction between cocoa polyphenols and gut microbiota with their various health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3880944215
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.A.); (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Mancin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (A.P.)
- Human Inspired Technology Research Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.A.); (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.A.); (S.D.); (G.S.)
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Sorrenti V, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Buriani A. Deciphering the Role of Polyphenols in Sports Performance: From Nutritional Genomics to the Gut Microbiota toward Phytonutritional Epigenomics. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051265. [PMID: 32365576 PMCID: PMC7281972 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual response to nutrients and non-nutrient molecules can be largely affected by three important biological layers. The gut microbiome can alter the bioavailability of nutrients and other substances, the genome can influence molecule kinetics and dynamics, while the epigenome can modulate or amplify the properties of the genome. Today the use of omic techniques and bioinformatics, allow the construction of individual multilayer networks and thus the identification of personalized strategies that have recently been considered in all medical fields, including sports medicine. The composition of each athlete’s microbiome influences sports performance both directly by acting on energy metabolism and indirectly through the modulation of nutrient or non-nutrient molecule availability that ultimately affects the individual epigenome and the genome. Among non-nutrient molecules polyphenols can potentiate physical performances through different epigenetic mechanisms. Polyphenols interact with the gut microbiota, undergoing extensive metabolism to produce bioactive molecules, which act on transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant systems, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and DNA repair. This review focuses on polyphenols effects in sports performance considering the individual microbiota, epigenomic asset, and the genomic characteristics of athletes to understand how their supplementation could potentially help to modulate muscle inflammation and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
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Fortinguerra S, Sorrenti V, Giusti P, Zusso M, Buriani A. Pharmacogenomic Characterization in Bipolar Spectrum Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:E13. [PMID: 31877761 PMCID: PMC7022469 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The holistic approach of personalized medicine, merging clinical and molecular characteristics to tailor the diagnostic and therapeutic path to each individual, is steadily spreading in clinical practice. Psychiatric disorders represent one of the most difficult diagnostic challenges, given their frequent mixed nature and intrinsic variability, as in bipolar disorders and depression. Patients misdiagnosed as depressed are often initially prescribed serotonergic antidepressants, a treatment that can exacerbate a previously unrecognized bipolar condition. Thanks to the use of the patient's genomic profile, it is possible to recognize such risk and at the same time characterize specific genetic assets specifically associated with bipolar spectrum disorder, as well as with the individual response to the various therapeutic options. This provides the basis for molecular diagnosis and the definition of pharmacogenomic profiles, thus guiding therapeutic choices and allowing a safer and more effective use of psychotropic drugs. Here, we report the pharmacogenomics state of the art in bipolar disorders and suggest an algorithm for therapeutic regimen choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fortinguerra
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (V.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (V.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (M.Z.)
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (V.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (M.Z.)
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12
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Marastoni D, Buriani A, Pisani AI, Crescenzo F, Zuco C, Fortinguerra S, Sorrenti V, Marenda B, Romualdi C, Magliozzi R, Monaco S, Calabrese M. Increased NK Cell Count in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Dimethyl Fumarate: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1666. [PMID: 31379857 PMCID: PMC6658905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a disease-modifying drug for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Among others, DMF impedes immune activation by shifting the balance between inflammatory and regulatory cell types and by inducing apoptosis-triggered lymphopenia. Although the decrease in lymphocyte count is an early effect of the drug in several patients, the long-term impact on lymphocyte subsets is largely unknown. Methods: We performed a 2-years observational study on total lymphocyte count and subsets thereof by flow cytometry of peripheral blood of 38 multiple sclerosis patients in treatment with DMF. Data were collected at the beginning and after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of therapy. Results: Total lymphocyte count decreased in relation to time of exposure to DMF. Mean absolute B cell count decreased by 34.1% (p < 0.001) within the first 3 months of therapy and then remained stable over time. Mean absolute CD3+ T cells count decrement reached 47.5% after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.001). NK cells count showed a heterogeneous trend, increasing by 85.9% (p < 0.001) after 2 years of treatment. CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells substantially decreased, with a significant increase of CD4+/CD8+ ratio during the first year of therapy. Conclusions: NK cells showed a heterogeneous behavior during DMF treatment with a significant increase over time. Since NK cells may also have a regulatory effect on immune system modulation, their increase during DMF treatment might play a role in the efficacy and safety of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Marastoni
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Data Medica Group, Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Synlab Limited, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Isabella Pisani
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Crescenzo
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carmela Zuco
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Data Medica Group, Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Synlab Limited, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Data Medica Group, Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Synlab Limited, Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Marenda
- Data Medica Group, Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Synlab Limited, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Calabrese
- Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Sorrenti V, Di Giacomo C, Acquaviva R, Cosenza J, Carota G, Galvano F. Blond and blood juice supplementation in high fat diet fed mice: effect on antioxidant status and DDAH/ADMA pathway. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11406-11412. [PMID: 35520248 PMCID: PMC9063282 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00669a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease spread throughout the world. The most frequent causes of death in NAFLD patients are due both to liver and cardiovascular damage. Several pathways, including the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) pathway, are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. It has been reported that ADMA plasmatic levels are increased in patients with hepatic dysfunction such as NAFLD. Although many studies demonstrated that some foods are effective in the treatment of NAFLD, few studies have evaluated their effects with respect to the prevention of the disease. It has been reported that sweet orange juice (OJ) consumption may be associated with potential health benefits. However, some varieties of sweet orange are more effective than others. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the effect of blond and blood sweet orange juice in prevention of NAFLD by evaluating its ability to improve liver steatosis in mice with diet-induced obesity, reducing oxidative stress and affecting the DDAH/ADMA pathway. Results obtained in our experimental conditions evidenced that blood orange juice rather than blond orange juice was more effective. Blood orange juice or blond orange juice enriched in anthocyanins may represent a promising dietary option for the prevention of fatty liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease spread throughout the world.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences
- Section of Biochemistry
- University of Catania
- Catania
- Italy
| | - C. Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug Sciences
- Section of Biochemistry
- University of Catania
- Catania
- Italy
| | - R. Acquaviva
- Department of Drug Sciences
- Section of Biochemistry
- University of Catania
- Catania
- Italy
| | - J. Cosenza
- Department of Drug Sciences
- Section of Biochemistry
- University of Catania
- Catania
- Italy
| | - G. Carota
- Department of Drug Sciences
- Section of Biochemistry
- University of Catania
- Catania
- Italy
| | - F. Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences
- University of Catania
- Catania
- Italy
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Peron G, Dall'Acqua S, Sorrenti V, Carrara M, Fortinguerra S, Zorzi G, Buriani A. Retrospective analysis of a lactose breath test in a gastrointestinal symptomatic population of Northeast Italy: use of (H 2+2CH 4) versus H 2 threshold. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2018; 11:243-248. [PMID: 29950879 PMCID: PMC6011881 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s163962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactose malabsorption is normally evaluated by measuring exhaled H2 produced by intestinal flora, from unabsorbed lactose. However, differing microbiome composition can lead to the production of CH4 instead of H2; hence, some authors challenge the H2 method sensitivity and favor the evaluation of both intestinal gases. Aim To compare different approaches to usage of a lactose breath test for lactose malabsorption diagnosis, after medical evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods In a retrospective observational study, we compared the 2 approaches in a population of 282 subjects in Northern Italy. Following oral lactose administration, exhaled samples were harvested every 30 minutes for 4 hours and prepared for H2 and CH4 analysis. Basal gas levels were subtracted from H2 and CH4 ppm and values at 4 hours and peaks were considered for analysis. Results Applying the standard methodology, which takes separately into consideration H2 and CH4 produced in the intestinal lumen, the results indicated that 11.7% of the patients were diagnosed “positive” for hypolactasia, differently from what was expected. Conversely, taking into consideration the sum of H2 and CH4, the percentage increased to 62.8%, closer to the expected one. No significant differences were found when comparing the 2 groups for age, gender, or symptoms. The sizable difference between the 2 approaches is likely linked to gut microbiome variability, and consequently the different production of the 2 gases, in the population. Conclusion The threshold normally used for lactose breath test should be reconsidered and changed, merging H2 and CH4 stoichiometric values to increase sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Peron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unir&d, Nutraceutical Laboratory, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Synlab Limited, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Synlab Limited, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Zorzi
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Synlab Limited, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Synlab Limited, Padova, Italy
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15
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Sorrenti V, Contarini G, Sut S, Dall'Acqua S, Confortin F, Pagetta A, Giusti P, Zusso M. Curcumin Prevents Acute Neuroinflammation and Long-Term Memory Impairment Induced by Systemic Lipopolysaccharide in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:183. [PMID: 29556196 PMCID: PMC5845393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces an acute inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) (“neuroinflammation”) characterized by altered functions of microglial cells, the major resident immune cells of the CNS, and an increased inflammatory profile that can result in long-term neuronal cell damage and severe behavioral and cognitive consequences. Curcumin, a natural compound, exerts CNS anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions mainly after chronic treatment. However, its effect after acute treatment has not been well investigated. In the present study, we provide evidence that 50 mg/kg of curcumin, orally administered for 2 consecutive days before a single intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of LPS (5 mg/kg) in young adult mice prevents the CNS immune response. Curcumin, able to enter brain tissue in biologically relevant concentrations, reduced acute and transient microglia activation, pro-inflammatory mediator production, and the behavioral symptoms of sickness. In addition, short-term treatment with curcumin, administered at the time of LPS challenge, anticipated the recovery from memory impairments observed 1 month after the inflammatory stimulus, when mice had completely recovered from the acute neuroinflammation. Together, these results suggest that the preventive effect of curcumin in inhibiting the acute effects of neuroinflammation could be of value in reducing the long-term consequences of brain inflammation, including cognitive deficits such as memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Contarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Confortin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that neurodegeneration occurs in part because the environment is affected during disease in a cascade of processes collectively termed neuroinflammation. This is a reactive response of the central nervous system against noxious elements that interfere with tissue homeostasis. Neuroinflammation is mediated by inflammatory molecules released by microglial cells. Understanding and controlling interactions between the immune system and microglial activation might represent the key to prevent or delay the onset of central nervous system diseases. This chapter details techniques to generate and characterize an in vivo model of neuroinflammation based on a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, which can be used to understand the wide variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation, as well as to identify new therapies by testing the anti-inflammatory properties of synthetic and natural molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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17
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Fortinguerra S, Buriani A, Sorrenti V, Lenzi M, Giusti P. Molecular network-selected pharmacogenomics in a case of bipolar spectrum disorder. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1631-1642. [PMID: 29173093 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Personal genomic analysis was used for molecular diagnosis and pharmacogenomics in a 53-year-old female suffering from alternating depressive and dysphoric episodes. A total of 52 genes and 108 SNPs were analyzed in the whole genome. Results from the pharmacogenomic analysis were consistent with the pharmacological history and indicate mutations associated with low monoaminergic tone, but also a hyperactive 5HT2A receptor, a feature that associates to a high probability of developing a bipolar condition, especially under 5-hydroxytryptamine potentiating pharmacology. This aligns with the patient developing dysphoria with high clomipramine. The pharmacokinetic genomics pointed out to some absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) alterations that can lower or nullify drug's activity. A personalized regimen was proposed, with a positive outcome after 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fortinguerra
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, (Synlab Limited) Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, (Synlab Limited) Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, (Synlab Limited) Padova 35100, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Lenzi
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, (Synlab Limited) Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Sorrenti V, Dall'Acqua S, Innocenti G, Montopoli M, Gabbia D, Carrara M. Human Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Sensitivity to Essential Oil Phytocomplexes from Pistacia Species: a Multivariate Approach. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081336. [PMID: 28800126 PMCID: PMC6152281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) multivariate analysis was applied to study the cytotoxic activity of essential oils from various species of the Pistacia genus on human tumor cell lines. In particular, the cytotoxic activity of essential oils obtained from P. lentiscus, P. lentiscus var. chia (mastic gum), P. terebinthus, P. vera, and P. integerrima, was screened on three human adenocarcinoma cell lines: MCF-7 (breast), 2008 (ovarian), and LoVo (colon). The results indicate that all the Pistacia phytocomplexes, with the exception of mastic gum oil, induce cytotoxic effects on one or more of the three cell lines. PCA highlighted the presence of different cooperating clusters of bioactive molecules. Cluster variability among species, and even within the same species, could explain some of the differences seen among samples suggesting the presence of both common and species-specific mechanisms. Single molecules from one of the most significant clusters were tested, but only bornyl-acetate presented cytotoxic activity, although at much higher concentrations (IC50 = 138.5 µg/mL) than those present in the essential oils, indicating that understanding of the full biological effect requires a holistic vision of the phytocomplexes with all its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Gabbriella Innocenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
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Sorrenti V, Marenda B, Fortinguerra S, Cecchetto C, Quartesan R, Zorzi G, Zusso M, Giusti P, Buriani A. Reference Values for a Panel of Cytokinergic and Regulatory Lymphocyte Subpopulations. Immune Netw 2016; 16:344-357. [PMID: 28035210 PMCID: PMC5195844 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.6.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte subpopulations producing cytokines and exerting regulatory functions represent key immune elements. Given their reciprocal interdependency lymphocyte subpopulations are usually assayed as diagnostic panels, rather than single biomarkers for specialist clinical use. This retrospective analysis on lymphocyte subpopulations, analyzed over the last few years in an outpatient laboratory in Northeast Italy, contributes to the establishment of reference values for several regulatory lymphocytes currently lacking such reference ranges for the general population. Mean values and ranges in a sample of Caucasian patients (mean age 42±8,5 years), were provided for Th1, Th2, Th17, Th-reg, Tc-reg, Tc-CD57+ and B1 lymphocytes. The results are consistent with what is found in literature for the single subtypes and are: Th1 157.8±60.3/µl (7.3%±2.9); Th2 118.2±52.2/µl (5.4%±2.5); Th17 221.6±90.2/µl (10.5%±4.4); Th-reg 15.1±10.2/µl (0.7%±0.4); Tc-reg 5.8±4.7/µl (0.3%±0.2); Tc-CD57+ 103.7±114.1/µl (4.6%±4.7); B1 33.7±22.8/µl (1.5%±0.9); (Values are mean±SD). The results show that despite their variability, mean values are rather consistent in all age or sex groups and can be used as laboratory internal reference for this regulatory panel. Adding regulatory cells to lymphocyte subpopulations panels allows a more complete view of the state of the subject's immune network balance, thus improving the personalization and the "actionability" of diagnostic data in a systems medicine perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Bruno Marenda
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Claudia Cecchetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Roberta Quartesan
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Giulia Zorzi
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
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20
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Acquaviva R, Iauk L, Sorrenti V, Lanteri R, Santangelo R, Licata A, Licata F, Vanella A, Malaguarnera M, Ragusa S, Di Giacomo C. Oxidative profile in patients with colon cancer: effects of Ruta chalepensis L. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2011; 15:181-191. [PMID: 21434485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To verify the involvement of free radicals in tumor progression and to investigate the effects of an ethanolic extract of Ruta Chalepensis L. and of rutin in blood of patients with colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Ruta Chalepensis L. were collected in the area around Catania (Italy). For the preparation of the ethanol extract of leaves, an exhaustive extraction of 100 g of the drug was carried out in Soxhlet with 800 ml of 95% ethanol. Fifty-six patients with colorectal cancer were randomly selected for this study; among these, 34 were affected by an early stage (T1 N0 M0 according to scale), while 22 were affected by an advanced stage (T4, N1-2, M0) of cancer. Data obtained from these patients were compared with those of a control group consisting of 20 healthy subjects. Plasma of each sample was used for determining non-proteic antioxidant capacity, thiol groups, lipid hydroperoxides and nitrite/nitrate levels, evaluated by spectrophotometric tests. In addition, percentage of haemolysis was evaluated incubating (for 2 hours at 37 degrees C) erythrocyte suspension with a free radical donor (50 mM 2,2'-azobis-amidino propane chloridrate), in the presence or absence of ethanolic extract of Ruta Chalepensis L. (250 microg/ml) or rutin (1 mM). RESULTS Non-proteic antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in cancerous patients than in healthy subjects (p < 0.001). This decrease was stage-related. In fact, non-proteic antioxidant capacity resulted lower in advanced than in early colorectal cancer (p < 0.001). The same significant stage-related decrease was observed in plasma thiol groups (p < 0.001). Coherently with the decrease in non-proteic antioxidant capacity and thiol groups, higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides and nitrite/nitrate were observed in patients with colorectal cancer with respect to healthy subjects (p < 0.001) and the increase in these markers of oxidative stress was related to the cancer stadiation. Neoplastic patients also showed an increased percentage of oxidative hemolysis respect to controls and the haemolytic damage was correlated with the stage of colon cancer. Both the extract of Ruta Chalepensis L. and rutin were able to protect erythrocytes from oxidative stress induced by the free radical donor, but the extract of Ruta Chalepensis L. was more effective than rutin. This protective effect was significant only in erythrocytes from patients with early colorectal group, whereas no significant modification was induced by Ruta Chalepensis L. or rutin in red blood cells from advanced colorectal cancer patients exposed to the same experimental conditions. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress correlates with colon cancer stadiation and both the extract of Ruta chalepensis and rutin are able to protect red blood cells from radical-induced damage. However, their effects are significant in early stages of cancer. So these natural antioxidants might be usefull to prevent carcinogenesis and/or tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Acquaviva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Sorrenti V, Giacomo C, Russo A, Acquaviva R, Barcellona M, Vanella A. Inhibition of LDL Oxidation by Red Orange (Citrus sinensis) Extract and its Active Components. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb10992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sorrenti V, Salerno L, Di Giacomo C, Acquaviva R, Siracusa MA, Vanella A. Imidazole derivatives as antioxidants and selective inhibitors of nNOS. Nitric Oxide 2006; 14:45-50. [PMID: 16275025 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The reperfusion of ischemic tissue often delays its physiological and functional recovery; this paradoxical effect is ascribed to increased release of free radicals including O(2)(-) and NO. For these reasons, scavenging reactive oxygen species or inhibition the NO synthesis has been shown to result in an enhanced neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia. Many authors believe that therapy for stroke patients would be a cocktail of drugs with various mechanisms of action. Combination therapy is a difficult and complicated avenue for drug development because of the possibility of drug-drug interactions. An alternative approach would be to combine multiple activities within the same compound. In consideration of the free-radical scavenging and inhibitory effect on NOS of various natural and synthetic compounds, the aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant properties of some imidazole derivatives previously synthesized in our laboratory. Results obtained in the present study provide evidence that tested compounds exhibit interesting antioxidant properties, expressed either by their capacity to scavenge free radicals or their ability to reduce lipid peroxidation. In particular, compounds A and B represent chemical structures which can be easily modified to improve the observed antioxidant properties and to provide new therapeutic strategies focused on multiple downstream events.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sorrenti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Italy.
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23
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Martinez G, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Carnazza ML, Bisceglie V, Vanella A. Effects of norepinephrine depletion in rats during cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion. Neurotoxicology 2004; 25:877-84. [PMID: 15288518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2003] [Accepted: 11/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present paper reports the effects of norepinephrine depletion in rats, after treatment with N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl 2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) neurotoxin, on partial cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Histological observations made under experimental conditions of noradrenergic (NA)-depletion demonstrated that neuronal lesions were not exacerbated; in fact, in DSP-4-treated ischemic animals, a minor number of neurons appeared damaged. Our results suggest that neuronal recovery after post-ischemic reperfusion is not affected by NA-depletion. DSP-4 neurotoxin does not induce 5-hydroxy-triptamine (5-HT) depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Diagnostic Pathology, Legal Medicine and Public Health (G. Ingrassia 1510-1589 Anatomist), Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87 (Comparto 10), 95123 Catania, Italy
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24
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Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Salerno L, Cardile V, Guerrera F, Siracusa MA, Avitabile M, Vanella A. Novel inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2003; 228:486-90. [PMID: 12709574 DOI: 10.1177/15353702-0322805-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which are devoid of any effect on the endothelial isoform (eNOS), may be required for the treatment of some neurological disorders. In our search for novel nNOS inhibitors, we recently described some 1-[(Aryloxy)ethyl]-1H-imidazoles as interesting molecules for their selectivity for nNOS against eNOS. This work reports a new series of 1-[(Aryloxy)alkyl]-1H-imidazoles in which a longer methylene chain is present between the imidazole and the phenol part of molecule. Some of these molecules were found to be more potent nNOS inhibitors than the parent ethylenic compounds, although this increase in potency resulted in a partial loss of selectivity. The most interesting compound was investigated to establish its mechanism of action and was found to interact with the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) binding site of nNOS, without interference with any other cofactors or substrate binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Di Giacomo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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25
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a molecular messenger synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) from L-arginine and molecular oxygen, is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes in mammalians. Three structurally distinct isoforms of NOS have been identified: neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS). Although NO mediates several physiological functions, overproduction of NO by nNOS has been reported in a number of clinical disorders including acute (stroke) and chronic (schizophrenia, Alzheimer s, Parkinson s and AIDS dementia) neurodegenerative diseases, convulsions and pain; overproduction of NO by iNOS has been implicated in various pathological processes including septic shock, tissue damage following inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. On the contrary, NO produced by eNOS has only physiological roles such as maintaining physiological vascular tone. Accordingly, selective inhibition of nNOS or iNOS vs eNOS may provide a novel therapeutic approach to various diseases; in addition selective inhibitors may represent useful tools for investigating other biological functions of NO. For these reasons, after the identification of N-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) as the first inhibitor of NO biosynthesis, design of selective NOS inhibitors has received much attention. In this article the recent developments of new molecules endowed with inhibitory properties against the various isoforms of NOS are reviewed. Major focus is placed on structure-activity-selectivity relationships especially concerning compounds belonging to the non-amino acid-based inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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26
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Acquaviva R, Russo A, Campisi A, Sorrenti V, Giacomo C, Barcellona M, Avitabile M, Vanella A. Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effect on DNA Cleavage of Resveratrol. J Food Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martinez G, Carnazza ML, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Vanella A. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 and transforming growth factor-beta1 in the rat brain after a mild and reversible ischemic damage. Brain Res 2001; 894:1-11. [PMID: 11245809 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the distribution of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) in the brain of rats subjected to a mild and reversible ischemic damage produced by a 20-min occlusion of both carotid arteries without occlusion of the vertebral arteries. We have selected this model to study how the expression of trophic factor of the TGF-beta superfamily changes in neurons that recover from a transient insult. Immunocytochemical analysis showed a loss of TGF-beta1 in neurons of all hippocampal subfields immediately after the ischemic period, followed by a recovery of immunoreactivity in CA1 and CA3 neurons after reperfusion. BMP-6 immunoreactivity was also lost in most hippocampal neurons, but immunostaining became particularly intense in the interstitial space after both ischemia and reperfusion. An interstitial localization of BMP-6 was also observed in the cerebral cortex, particularly after reperfusion. Mild ischemia also induced substantial changes in the expression of TGF-beta1 and BMP-6 within the cerebellar cortex. In control animals, these factors appeared to be localized in granule cells (TGF-beta1) and Purkinje cells (both), whereas the molecular layer was not immunopositive. Both TGF-beta1 and BMP-6 were highly expressed in the interstitial spaces of the cerebellar cortex either 20 min after ischemia or 20 min after reperfusion. Taken collectively, these results suggest that a mild and reversible ischemia stimulates the release of BMP-6 from neurons into the interstitial space. We speculate that BMP-6, besides functioning during brain development, may also regulate neuronal resistance to insults of the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Diagnostic Pathology, Legal Medicine and Public Health G. Ingrassia 1510-1589 Anatomist, University of Catania, Via Biblioteca 4, 95124, Catania, Italy.
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Vanella A, Russo A, Acquaviva R, Campisi A, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Barcellona ML. L -propionyl-carnitine as superoxide scavenger, antioxidant, and DNA cleavage protector. Cell Biol Toxicol 2001; 16:99-104. [PMID: 10917565 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007638025856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
L-Propionylcarnitine, a propionyl ester of L-carnitine, increases the intracellular pool of L-carnitine. It exhibits a high affinity for the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and, thus, is readily converted into propionyl-coenzyme A and free carnitine. It has been reported that L-propionylcarnitine possesses a protective action against heart ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the antioxidant mechanism is not yet clear. L-Propionylcarnitine might reduce the hydroxyl radical production in the Fenton system, by chelating the iron required for the generation of hydroxyl radicals. To obtain a better insight into the antiradical mechanism of L-propionylcarnitine, the present research analyzed the superoxide scavenging capacity of L-propionylcarnitine and its effect on linoleic acid peroxidation. In addition, the effect of L-propionylcarnitine against DNA cleavage was estimated using pBR322 plasmid. We found that L-propionylcarnitine showed a dose-dependent free-radical scavenging activity. In fact, it was able to scavenge superoxide anion, to inhibit the lipoperoxidation of linoleic acid, and to protect pBR322 DNA from cleavage induced by H2O2 UV-photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vanella
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy.
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29
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Russo A, Acquaviva R, Campisi A, Sorrenti V, Di Giacomo C, Virgata G, Barcellona ML, Vanella A. Bioflavonoids as antiradicals, antioxidants and DNA cleavage protectors. Cell Biol Toxicol 2001; 16:91-8. [PMID: 10917564 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007685909018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have recently aroused considerable interest because of their broad pharmacological activity. In fact, flavonoids have been reported to have antiviral, antiallergic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and antitumoral activities. The pharmacological properties of bioflavonoids have been ascribed both to the concomitant inhibition of enzymes involved in the production of free radicals and to their free-radical scavenging and iron chelating capacity. However the antioxidant capacity of bioflavonoids due to free-radical scavenging and/or to iron chelating is still controversial. In this study, we have investigated the free-radical scavenging capacity of bioflavonoids (rutin, catechin, and naringin). In addition, the effects of these polyphenols on xanthine oxidase activity, spontaneous lipid peroxidation, and DNA cleavage were investigated. The bioflavonoids under examination showed a dose-dependent free-radical scavenging effect, a significant inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity, and an antilipoperoxidative capacity. In addition, they showed a protective effect on DNA cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Russo
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy
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30
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) mediates a series of physiological processes, including regulation of vascular tone, macrofage-mediated neurotoxicity, platelet aggregation, learning and long-term potentiation, and neuronal transmission. Although NO mediates several physiological functions, overproduction of NO can be detrimental and play multiple roles in several pathological diseases. Accordingly, more potent inhibitors, more selective for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) than endothelial NOS (eNOS) or inducible NOS (iNOS), could be useful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia and other neurodegenerative diseases. We recently described the synthesis of a series of imidazole derivatives. Among them N-(4-nitrophenacyl) imidazole (A) and N-(4-nitrophenacyl)-2-methyl-imidazole (B) were considered selective nNOS inhibitors. In the present study the action mechanism of compounds A and B was analyzed. Spectral changes observed in the presence of compound A indicate that this inhibitor exerts its effect without interaction with heme iron. Moreover compounds A and B, inhibit nNOS "noncompetitively" versus arginine, but "competitively" versus BH(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sorrenti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry, and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Italy
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31
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Martinez G, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Carnazza ML, Ragusa N, Barcellona ML, Vanella A. Fibroblast growth factor-2 and transforming growth factor-beta1 immunostaining in rat brain after cerebral postischemic reperfusion. J Neurosci Res 2001; 63:136-42. [PMID: 11169623 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4547(20010115)63:2<136::aid-jnr1005>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several trophic factors are known to regulate the survival and growth of neurons in brain and peripheral tissues. Several findings suggest that basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) plays an important role in the "self-repair" responses that follow injuries such as trauma and brain ischemia and that FGF-2 contributes to the repair of damaged tissue. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent growth-regulatory protein secreted by virtually all cells. In the present study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to investigate whether FGF-2 and TGF-beta1 participate in the healing of damaged tissue following partial brain ischemia. The profile of the observed immunoreactivities indicated that TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 release varies between the different cerebral areas subjected to ischemic insult. Moreover, the sectorial heterogeneity of immunocytochemical response suggests that, during postischemic reperfusion, neuronal recovery may be due not only to neuron-glia interaction but also to neurochemical conditions involving inhibitory interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Diagnostic Pathology, Legal Medicine, Public Health (G. Ingrassia 1510-1580 Anatomist), Catania, Italy
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Pignatello R, Spampinato G, Sorrenti V, Di Giacomo C, Vicari L, McGuire JJ, Russell CA, Puglisi G, Toth I. Lipophilic methotrexate conjugates with antitumor activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000; 10:237-45. [PMID: 10767601 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(00)00062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic methotrexate (MTX)-lipoamino acid conjugates coupled with amide or ester linkages (1a-1r) were synthesised. The inhibitory activity of the conjugates was evaluated on bovine liver DHFR. The in vitro growth inhibitory effect against MTX-sensitive human lymphoblastoid CCRF-CEM cells and an MTX-resistant sub-line (CEM/MTX), which displays defective intracellular transport of MTX, was determined under short-term and continuous (120-h incubation) exposure conditions. The alpha, gamma, or alpha,gamma amide conjugates showed different activity in inhibiting the growth of parent cells. CEM/MTX cells were much less susceptible than CCRF-CEM cells to inhibition by alpha or alpha,gamma-substituted lipoamino acid conjugates, whereas both cell lines were almost equally sensitive to the MTX-gamma conjugates. Although less potent than MTX, they could partially circumvent the impaired transport system. These findings confirm that lipophilic MTX conjugates may be good lead compounds on the drug development for the treatment of some MTX-resistant tumors. Ester-type conjugates displayed an interesting activity against parent CCRF-CEM cells, although they were less potent against the transport-resistant sub-line. Stability studies on these molecules indicated that they are not degraded into MTX in the culture medium, thus suggesting that they are not able to over-cross cell resistance despite of their lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pignatello
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK.
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33
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Salerno L, Sorrenti V, Guerrera F, Sarvà M, Siracusa M, Di Giacomo C, Vanella A. 1-[(Aryloxy)alkyl]-1 H-imidazoles as Inhibitors of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1211/146080899128735225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Sorrenti V, Di Giacomo C, Campisi A, Perez-Polo JR, Vanella A. Nitric oxide synthetase activity in cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion and effects of L-N(G)-nitroarginine and 7-nitroindazole on the survival. Neurochem Res 1999; 24:861-6. [PMID: 10403626 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020906030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) mediates a series of physiological processes including regulation of vascular tone, macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, platelet aggregation, learning and long-term potentiation, neuronal transmission. Although NO mediates several physiological functions, overproduction of NO can be detrimental and play multiple roles in the pathophysiology of focal cerebral ischemia. In the present study NOS activities were evaluated in cerebellum and cerebral cortex of ischemic and post-ischemic reperfused rats using an experimental model of partial cerebral ischemia; moreover, the effects of L-N(G)Nitroarginine (NA, nonselective NOS inhibitor) or 7-Nitroindazole (7-NI, selective neuronal NOS inhibitor) administration were assayed on percentage survival of ischemic rats. An increase of NOS activity in the cerebellum and in cerebral cortex of ischemic and post-ischemic reperfused rats was observed. NA administration failed to induce neuroprotective effects, by increasing percentage of mortality of treated ischemic rats with respect to control group. In contrast, the treatment with the selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, 7-NI, induced a significant neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sorrenti
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Catania, Italy
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35
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Pignatello R, Spampinato G, Sorrenti V, Vicari L, Di Giacomo C, Vanella A, Puglisi G. Aliphatic α,γ-bis(Amides) of Methotrexate. Influence of Chain Length on In-vitro Activity Against Sensitive and Resistant Tumour Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1211/146080899128734785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Campisi A, Di Giacomo C, Russo A, Sorrenti V, Vanella G, Acquaviva R, Li Volti G, Vanella A. Antioxidant systems in rat lens as a function of age: effect of chronic administration of vitamin E and ascorbate. Aging (Milano) 1999; 11:39-43. [PMID: 10337441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage occurring in the lenses of patients with senile cataract may be due to partially reduced forms of oxygen. We assayed the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Red), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in rat lenses at different ages (1, 4, and 24 months), and also evaluated lens glutathione (GSH) levels and the effects of chronic administration of vitamin E and sodium ascorbate. We observed a significant age-related decrease in GSH-Px, GSH-Red and G6PD activities, but no age-related change in SOD activity. Chronic treatment with both vitamin E and sodium ascorbate failed to restore enzymatic activities to the levels of younger rats. An age-related reduction in GSH content was also observed; however, chronic administration of vitamin E, but not of sodium ascorbate, restored GSH levels to those of younger rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campisi
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, Italy
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37
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Martinez G, Carnazza ML, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Avitabile M, Vanella A. GFAP, S-100 and vimentin proteins in rat after cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion. Int J Dev Neurosci 1998; 16:519-26. [PMID: 9881300 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(98)00035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study astrocytes reactivity during cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion was evaluated immunocytochemically by using antibodies to vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein. At the 7th day of post-ischemic reperfusion few GFAP-positive cells were observed in the hippocampus and cerebellum, the number of GFAP-positive cells increased slightly after 20 days of reperfusion. This poor GFAP-positivity may be due to the inhibition of GFAP polymerization by S-100; in fact, S-100 immuno-reactivity was already evident from the 7th day. Vimentin immuno-staining was evident both at the 7th and 20th day of reperfusion in microglial cells and in oligodendrocytes, suggesting that these cells are involved in the recovery of neurons following brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martinez
- Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Catania, Italy
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38
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Martinez G, Carnazza ML, Campisi A, Sorrenti V, Di Giacomo C, Perez-Polo JR, Vanella A. Effects of glutathione depletors on post-ischemic reperfusion in rat brain. Neurochem Res 1998; 23:961-8. [PMID: 9690738 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021080321320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reports the effects of GSH depletion (diethylmaleate induced) on partial cerebral ischemia and reperfusion for 7 and 20 days. Our results confirm that there is a paradoxical protective effect of the GSH-depletor and suggest an improved neuronal trophism induced by diethylmaleate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martinez
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, Italy
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39
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Martinez G, Di Giacomo C, Carnazza ML, Sorrenti V, Castana R, Barcellona ML, Perez-Polo JR, Vanella A. MAP2, synaptophysin immunostaining in rat brain and behavioral modifications after cerebral postischemic reperfusion. Dev Neurosci 1998; 19:457-64. [PMID: 9445083 DOI: 10.1159/000111243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in the central nervous system after cerebral ischemia is a controversial issue; focal cerebral ischemia produces an area of infarction that is surrounded by neurons that may respond to nearby damage by creating new synapses. In the present study the expression of the postsynaptic microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and the presynaptic marker protein, synaptophysin, was investigated by immunocytochemical techniques in the CA1 sector of hippocampus and in cerebellum of rats made ischemic by bilateral clamping of common carotid arteries and reperfused for 7 and 30 days. In addition, ischemia-induced behavioral alterations were also evaluated after 7 and 30 days of reperfusion. The present study demonstrates a decreased postsynaptic MAP2 immunoreactivity, representative of neuronal loss, particularly in CA1 sector of hippocampus and in cerebellum of ischemic rats reperfused for 7 days. After 30 days of reperfusion, MAP2 immunostaining was similar to control. In the same brain sections an increased presynaptic synaptophysin immunoreactivity has been observed only after 30 days of reperfusion. These data suggest compensatory regenerative changes associated with synaptic remodelling and are supported by behavioral recovery observed under the same experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martinez
- Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Catania, Italy
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40
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Vanella A, Campisi A, di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Vanella G, Acquaviva R. Enhanced resistance of adriamycin-treated MCR-5 lung fibroblasts by increased intracellular glutathione peroxidase and extracellular antioxidants. Biochem Mol Med 1997; 62:36-41. [PMID: 9367796 DOI: 10.1006/bmme.1997.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species play an etiological role in both cardiotoxicity and the skin necrosis induced by adriamycin (ADM). An increase in glutathione peroxidase activity on addition of selenium to cultured MCR-5 lung fibroblasts was observed; this increase was accompanied by enhanced cellular resistance to ADM toxicity. Moreover, the presence of exogenous antioxidant systems, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin E, dimethylsulfoxide, and desferroxamine, an iron chelating agent, resulted in significant protection from ADM-mediated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vanella
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 6, Catania, 95125, Italy.
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41
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Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Acquaviva R, Campisi A, Vanella G, Perez-Polo JR, Vanella A. Ornithine decarboxylase activity in cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion damage: effect of methionine sulfoximine. Neurochem Res 1997; 22:1145-50. [PMID: 9251105 DOI: 10.1023/a:1027321420075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of glutamate receptors via the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype appears to play a role in the sequence of cellular events which lead to irreversible ischemic damage to neurons. Furthermore, NMDA receptor activation induces a stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine (PA) biosynthesis. In order to better understand the role of PA we have measured ODC activity and the effect of methionine sulfoximine (MSO), a molecule able to stimulate ODC, on a model of transient cerebral ischemia. There was a significant increase in ODC activity in the rat cerebral cortex during post-ischemic reperfusion. The treatment with MSO induced a significant decrease in cerebral glutamine synthetase activity accompanied by a marked increase in ODC activity. In MSO-pretreated rats there was a significant decrease in the survival rate when compared to untreated ischemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Di Giacomo
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy
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Martinez G, Carnazza ML, Giacomo CD, Sorrenti V, Castana R, Pennisi G, Perez-Polo JR, Vanella A. Neuronal lesions and behavioral modifications in rat following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Neurochem Res 1996; 21:667-4. [PMID: 8829138 DOI: 10.1007/bf02527723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurons of the mammalian CNS differ in their vulnerability to various disease processes and other insults, particularly in their response to total anoxia/ischemia. In this study we have tested the histological and behavioral modifications induced by experimental conditions of partial cerebral ischemia in the rats. The specific morphological and histological alterations, observed in our experimental conditions of reversible partial cerebral ischemia, confirm the selective vulnerability of certain neuronal populations to ischemic injury and are also evidenced by behavioral modifications which may mirror the functional impairment observed in humans after a transitory ischemic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martinez
- Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Catania, Italy
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43
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Pignatello R, Sorrenti V, Spampinato G, Pecora T, Panico A, Di Giacomo C, Fresta M, Vanella A, Puglisi G. Synthesis and preliminary in vitro screening of lipophilic alpha, gamma-bis(amides) as potential prodrugs of methotrexate. Anticancer Drug Des 1996; 11:253-64. [PMID: 8663912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As part of a program aimed at studying the feasibility of amide derivatives of methotrexate (MTX) as lipophilic prodrugs, with the aims of increasing passive cellular uptake and obtaining prolonged-release agents, we describe the synthesis of five long-chain alkyl bis(amides) of MTX, from decyl- to octadecylamide, by direct transamidation to the MTX diethyl ester. Compounds were subjected to a preliminary biological screening, to assess their inhibitory activity against bovine liver dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and in vitro antitumor activity against human leukemia CCRF-CEM cells. As a general trend, an increase in lipophilicity led to a linear reduction of enzyme inhibition; however, the bis(decyl)amide derivative showed a good intrinsic affinity for DHFR (IC50 6.41 nM), comparable to that of MTX diethyl ester and close to that of MTX (IC50 2.90 nM). In the antitumor assay, lower homologues (C10-C14) displayed an interesting activity profile, suggesting the desirability of additional studies with these and similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pignatello
- Cattedra di Tecnologia, Socioeconomia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche, Città Universitaria, Catania, Italy
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44
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Campisi A, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Castana R, La Delfa C, Vanella A. Glutathione-S-transferase and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase activities in rat placenta during pregnancy. Acta Eur Fertil 1994; 25:295-7. [PMID: 7660717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian gestation depends on the continuous synthesis of steroid hormones such as progesterone, estrogens and gonadotrophic hormones. Placental microsomes are involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones via NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase; this last enzyme is involved in the generation of O2 and H2O2. These partially reduced oxygen forms are scavenged by endogenous antioxidants such as GSH and the related GSH-S-transferase enzyme. The present study has the aim of evaluating whether placental hormonal modification occurring during gestation influences NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and GSH-S-transferase activities. The results demonstrate a gradual increase of both enzymatic activities which suggests a defense ability of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campisi
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy
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45
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Renis M, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Russo A, La Delfa C, Reale S, Barcellona ML, Vanella A. Heat shock proteins following rat cerebral ischemic/reperfusion episode: effect of ketamine. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1994; 33:345-54. [PMID: 7951052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the influence of ketamine on HSP70 expression, during an ischemic/reperfusion episode, in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The results indicate that ketamine, injected 1h before the surgical treatment, increases HSP70 cellular concentration in both ischemic and sham-operated animals. The HSP70 levels, after the transient ischemic episode, are higher in ketamine treated than in urethane-treated animals respect to the control levels. After reperfusion an increase of HSP70 levels is observed; this induction is maintained for at least 22h, irrespective of the anaesthetic drug treatment. Comparing the cerebral areas examined, the hippocampus exhibits higher protein levels than those of the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Renis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, Italy
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46
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Vanella A, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Russo A, Castorina C, Campisi A, Renis M, Perez-Polo JR. Free radical scavenger depletion in post-ischemic reperfusion brain damage. Neurochem Res 1993; 18:1337-40. [PMID: 8272198 DOI: 10.1007/bf00975056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the influence of pretreatment with various GSH depletors such as buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and diethylmaleate (DEM) was investigated in rats following cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion. Moreover, the effect of diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC), inhibitor of endogenous Cu,Zn-SOD, was evaluated. A significant depletion (40% of control value) of GSH levels was observed 24 h after DEM administration; after 48 h the value reached control levels. BSO showed maximal GSH depletion (59%) 24 h after administration and it was constant for almost 48 h. DDC administration caused a marked decrease (60%) of Cu,Zn-SOD activity 4 h after the injection and induced a marked decrease in percentage of survival with respect to control (untreated, ischemic) rats, when administered 4 h before ischemia. BSO and DEM prolonged the survival time of animals when administered 24 h before ischemia. This last paradoxical effect is unclear at present, but it might be due to an influence on glutamate cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vanella
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, Italy
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47
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Di Giacomo C, Latteri F, Fichera C, Sorrenti V, Campisi A, Castorina C, Russo A, Pinturo R, Vanella A. Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity in rat skeletal muscle. Neurochem Res 1993; 18:1157-62. [PMID: 8255367 DOI: 10.1007/bf00978367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that acetyl-L-carnitine (AcCn) can reduce the degenerative processes in the central nervous system of rats, modify the fluidity of membranes and decrease the accumulation of lipofuscins in neurones. In light of these considerations we have assayed the in vitro effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on spontaneous and induced lipoperoxidation in rat skeletal muscle; in addition, the effect of AcCn on XD/XO ratio was evaluated. The presence of AcCn (10-40 mM) in incubation medium significantly reduced MDA and conjugated diene formation in rat skeletal muscle; moreover, a significant decrease in induced MDA levels was observed when microsomal preparation where incubated in the presence of 10-40 mM AcCn. Since a significant reduction of XO activity was detected in the presence of 10-80 mM AcCn, the reduced lipid peroxidation by AcCn seems to be due to an inhibition of XO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Di Giacomo
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy
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48
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Campisi A, Renis M, Russo A, Sorrenti V, Di Giacomo C, Castorina C, Vanella A. Transglutaminase activity in primary and subcultured rat astroglial cells. Neurochem Res 1993; 17:1201-5. [PMID: 1361029 DOI: 10.1007/bf00968400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminases, calcium-dependent thiol enzymes, may be involved in cellular growth control and differentiation, having an intracellular regulatory role in some post-translational modifications found in various classes of proteins. In order to elucidate the involvement of this class of enzymes in cellular differentiation processes, we have assayed transglutaminase activity in primary and subcultured rat glial cells. Reduced activity was found from 3rd to 5th passage. In the 5th passage the activity was some 50% of that found in the primary cultures and was not restored by addition of 10 microM retinoic acid. The decrease of TGase activity, observed during serial passages, could represent an early metabolic alteration related to cell dedifferentiation and loss of growth control. In fact, the subcultured cells may have undergone a "disarranged" state, as confirmed by a decrease in GFAP-stained cells and glutamine synthetase activity, respectively, immunocytochemical and biochemical markers of astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campisi
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy
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Castorina C, Campisi A, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Russo A, Vanella A. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymatic systems in rat retina as a function of age. Neurochem Res 1992; 17:599-604. [PMID: 1603266 DOI: 10.1007/bf00968789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have assayed the enzymatic activity of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GSH-Px, GSH-Red, Cat, and G6PD in rat retina as a function of age. Conjugated diene levels and MDA formation were also determined. The conjugated diene levels in rat retina were found to increase significantly with age, accompanied by a marked decrease in GSH-Px and Cat activities. No age-related change in MDA levels and in GSH-Red and G6PD activity was found, whereas a significant increase in SOD activity was observed between 1 and 4 months. Decreased GSH-Px and Cat activity is related to increased lipid peroxidation with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castorina
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy
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50
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Vanella A, Sorrenti V, Castorina C, Campisi A, Di Giacomo C, Russo A, Perez-Polo JR. Lipid peroxidation in rat cerebral cortex during post-ischemic reperfusion: effect of exogenous antioxidants and Ca(++)-antagonist drugs. Int J Dev Neurosci 1992; 10:75-80. [PMID: 1609622 DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(92)90008-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of oxidant-antioxidant metabolism in total ischemia and reperfusion in the central nervous system and cardiac myocardium have been well studied, less is known about the consequences of partial ischemic episodes. Here we show that reperfusion contributes to free radical formation as judged by conjugated diene formation. Also, antioxidants and Ca++ antagonists were able to reduce free radical formation. These results would suggest that free radical generation following ischemia and reperfusion may result from more than one injury process in cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vanella
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy
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