Fungal diversity in the tropics: Entoloma spp. in Panama

Four new species of Entoloma subgenus Cyanula (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from subtropical regions of China

In this study, four species of EntolomasubgenusCyanula (E.orientosinense, E.subgriseosquamulosum, E.subpraegracile, and E.wuyishanense) from subtropical regions of China, are described as new to science based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Morphologically, E.orientosinense is characterized by the white basidiomata, relatively large basidiospores, and carneogriseum-type lamellae edge; E.subgriseosquamulosum is recognized by the fuscous pileus, crowded and adnate lamellae, and medium-sized basidiospores; E.subpraegracile is identified by the yellow pileus and intervenose lamellae with sterile or heterogeneous edge; E.wuyishanense is distinct by the blue basidiomata and fertile lamellae edge with slightly bluish pigmentation near the stipe. Entolomaorientosinense belongs to sect. Caesiocincta, subsect. Queletia, and E.wuyishanense belongs to sect. Poliopodes. The remaining two species each form independent branches and do not belong to any known sections. Detailed descriptions, color photos, and a key to related species are presented.

Two new species of the Entoloma quadratum–Murrayi complex in Japan

We describe two new species, Entoloma. kermesinum sp. nov. and E. flavescens sp. nov., which are confused with E. quadratum and E. murrayi, respectively. We sequenced the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and 22 single-copy genes for 51 specimens of E. kermesinum, E. flavescens, E. album, and related species. Species boundaries were assessed using the molecular phylogenetics and population genetics approaches. Specimens of E. kermesinum, E. flavescens, and E. album formed independent clades, which were phylogenetically distinct from the specimens of E. quadratum and E. murrayi collected around the type locality (i.e., New England). Although the phylogenetic distance between E. flavescens and E. album was small, gene flow between them was restricted in areas where they coexisted, suggesting reproductive isolation. Therefore, these five species can be treated as independent species. We found characteristics useful for identifying E. kermesinum and E. flavescens. In particular, E. kermesinum is characterized by a crimson to brown-red and fibrillose pileus, finely covered by whitish fibrous scales; E. flavescens is characterized by a lemon-yellow to tan and shiny-to-silky pileus. In addition, relatively large basidiospores and clamp connections are diagnostic features of these two species.

Seven New Species of Entoloma Subgenus Cubospora (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Subtropical Regions of China

Entoloma is a relatively large genus in Agaricales, with a rich diversity of species and a wide distribution. In this study, seven new species of Entoloma belonging to the subgenus Cubospora have been identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from subtropical regions of China. Morphologically, E. excavatum is characterized by the yellow, depressed, estriate pileus and medium-sized basidiospores; E. lacticolor is recognized by the white and papillate pileus, adnexed lamellae, and presence of clamp connections; E. phlebophyllum is identified by the pink-to-maroon and estriate pileus, and lamellae with lateral veins; E. rufomarginatum differs from other cuboid-spored species by the lamellae edge which is red-brown-underlined; E. subcycneum is characterized by the white pileus and carneogriseum-type cheilocystidia; E. submurrayi is recognized by the pileus margin exceeding the lamellae, 2-layered pileipellis with hyphae of different widths, and the presence of clamp connections; E. tomentosum is identified by the tomentose pileus, heterogeneous lamella edge, and versiform cheilocystidia with brown-yellow contents. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the seven new species in both the ITS + LSU and 3-locus (LSU, tef-1α, rpb2) phylogenetic trees. Detailed descriptions, color photos, and a key to related species are presented.

New Species of Entoloma Subgenera Cubospora and Leptonia (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Central Vietnam

Four new species of Entoloma from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and Ta Dung National Park were discovered during an investigation of the diversity of the mycobiota of Central Vietnam and are described here on the base of the molecular and morphological data. Phylogenetic analysis was based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2, nrLSU and tef1α regions. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion on similar taxa are given. Entoloma cycneum and E. peristerinum belong to the subgenus Cubospora. They are morphologically similar species and are characterized by white or whitish basidiomata with yellowish or beige tinges and with mainly smooth, glabrous, and hygrophanous pileus, longitudinally fibrillose or fibrillose-scaly white stipe, cuboid spores, and more or less cylindrical cheilocystidia, arising from hymenophoral trama. Entoloma peristerinum posseses initially more coloured beige conical pileus, discolouring to white with age and drying. The pileus of E. cycneum is initially white, hemisphaerical to convex, usually with thin pubescence near the margin. The species can be recognized also by the cheilocystidia form: serrulatum-type in E. cycneum vs. porphyrogriseum-type in E. peristerinum. Another two species belong to the subgenus Leptonia. Entoloma tadungense is close to E. percoelestinum from which it differs by smaller spores with pronounced angles, presence of the cheilocystidia, and the lilac discolouration of the stipe. E. dichroides is named after its similarity to E. dichroum, a dark blue coloured species with pronouncedly angled basidiospores. It is distinguished by the basidiospores form-irregularly 5(-6) angled with elongated apiculus, as well as by absence of the cheilocystidia and darker basidiomata with conical pileus. The article also describes the history of the study of the genus Entoloma in Vietnam with a list of 29 species mentioned in the publications for this country.