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Singh J, Krendl FJ, Gasteiger S, Schneeberger S, Perathoner A. Diverticulitis with coloenteric fistula mimicking gangrenous appendicitis with perityphlitic abscess. An uncommon presentation of a common disease - A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 110:108570. [PMID: 37572470 PMCID: PMC10440504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diverticulitis is a common gastrointestinal disease usually presenting with a typical clinical picture depending on the stage of the disease. In complicated cases, the clinical presentation may be untypical, thus delaying diagnosis and treatment. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present a case of a young patient who was initially treated for obscure intraabdominal abscesses presumably due to gangrenous appendicitis; however, intraoperative exploration revealed a normal appendix and a coloenteric fistula resulting from an unknown and untreated perforated diverticulitis. DISCUSSION A patient with a perityphlitic abscess was initially managed with primary non-operative management (NOM) in accordance with the current Jerusalem guidelines, but surgery was eventually necessary due to failure of NOM. Intraoperative findings revealed a sigmoido-ileal fistula, a rare but potentially detectable complication of diverticulitis through colonoscopy. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating common surgical diseases with uncommon clinical presentations, emphasizing the importance of a detailed patient history and not relying solely on imaging studies. CONCLUSION Intraabdominal abscesses require prompt treatment with non-operative management, while intestinal fistulae associated with diverticulitis are a rare consequence of chronic inflammation, often asymptomatic and often detected incidentally during surgery. In most cases simple fistulous tract resection is usually sufficient as first line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Singh
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck; University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Felix J Krendl
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck; University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Silvia Gasteiger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck; University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck; University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Alexander Perathoner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck; University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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2
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Huang SS, Sung CW, Wang HP, Lien WC. The outcomes of right-sided and left-sided colonic diverticulitis following non-operative management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Emerg Surg 2022; 17:56. [PMID: 36320045 PMCID: PMC9628071 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-022-00463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no sufficient overview of outcomes in right-sided and left-sided colonic diverticulitis (CD) following non-operative management. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the recurrence/treatment failure in right-sided and left-sided CD. Methods A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to Dec 2021 were searched. The study characteristics, recurrence/treatment failure, and risk factors for recurrence/treatment failure were extracted. Proportional meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled recurrent/treatment failure rate of right-sided and left-sided CD using the random effect model. Logistic regression was applied for the factors associated with the recurrence/treatment failure. Results Thirty-eight studies with 10,129 patients were included, and only two studies comprised both sides of CD. None of the studies had a high risk of bias although significant heterogeneity existed. The pooled recurrence rate was 10% (95% CI 8–13%, I2 = 86%, p < 0.01) in right-sided and 20% (95% CI 16–24%, I2 = 92%, p < 0.01) in left-sided CD. For the uncomplicated CD, the pooled recurrence rate was 9% (95% CI 6–13%, I2 = 77%, p < 0.01) in right-sided and 15% (95% CI 8–27%, I2 = 97%, p < 0.01) in the left-sided. Age and gender were not associated with the recurrence of both sides. The treatment failure rate was 5% (95% CI 2–10%, I2 = 84%, p < 0.01) in right-sided and 4% (95% CI 2–7%, I2 = 80%, p < 0.01) in left-sided CD. The risk factors for recurrence and treatment failure were limited. Conclusion Non-operative management is effective with low rates of recurrence and treatment failure for both right-sided and left-sided CD although left-sided exhibits a higher recurrence. The recurrence rates did not differ between patients receiving antibiotics or not in uncomplicated CD. Age and sex were not associated with the recurrence although other risk factors were dispersing. Further risk factors for recurrence and treatment failure would be investigated for precise clinical decision-making and individualized strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih-Shiang Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Sung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hsin-Chu Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Po Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ching Lien
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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3
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Leifeld L, Germer CT, Böhm S, Dumoulin FL, Frieling T, Kreis M, Meining A, Labenz J, Lock JF, Ritz JP, Schreyer A, Kruis W. S3-Leitlinie Divertikelkrankheit/Divertikulitis – Gemeinsame Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:613-688. [PMID: 35388437 DOI: 10.1055/a-1741-5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Leifeld
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Gastroenterologie und Allgemeine Innere Medizin, St. Bernward Krankenhaus, Hildesheim, apl. Professur an der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Zentrum für Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Stephan Böhm
- Spital Bülach, Spitalstrasse 24, 8180 Bülach, Schweiz
| | | | - Thomas Frieling
- Medizinische Klinik II, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie, Neurogastroenterologie, Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld
| | - Martin Kreis
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Meining
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 2, Zentrum für Innere Medizin (ZIM), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Joachim Labenz
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Evang. Jung-Stilling-Krankenhaus, Siegen
| | - Johan Friso Lock
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Zentrum für Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Jörg-Peter Ritz
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Helios Klinikum Schwerin
| | - Andreas Schreyer
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane Klinikum Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Kruis
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Köln, Köln, Deutschland
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4
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Biondo S, Bordin D, Golda T. Treatment for Uncomplicated Acute Diverticulitis. COLONIC DIVERTICULAR DISEASE 2022:273-289. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93761-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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5
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Reischl S, Roehl KD, Ziegelmayer S, Friess H, Makowski MR, Wilhelm D, Novotny AR, Gaa J, Neumann PA. Radiologic predictors for failure of non-operative management of complicated diverticulitis: a single-centre cohort study. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406:2409-2418. [PMID: 34189654 PMCID: PMC8578075 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Modern non-operative management of diverticulitis consists of a complex therapeutic regimen and is successful in most cases even of complicated diverticulitis. Still, a certain proportion of patients requires urgent surgery due to failure of the conservative approach. This study aims to identify predictors for failure of conservative treatment of complicated diverticulitis with the need for subsequent urgent resection during the acute episode. Methods A single-centre retrospective cohort study was performed at our tertiary centre including cases of acute complicated diverticulitis (characterized by localized abscess formation and/or pericolic air) between 2007 and 2019 that were treated guideline-conform by multimodal conservative treatment. Radiologic characteristics of disease in CT scans upon admission were analysed by uni- and multivariable logistic regression to determine predictors for resection within 30 days after onset of the conservative therapy approach. Results A total of 669 cases of acute diverticulitis were identified, of which 141 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 13% (n = 19) of patients were operated within 30 days despite initial conservative management. Multivariable logistic regression identified length of inflamed bowel greater than 7 cm (p < 0.011) and abscess formations >1 cm (p < 0.001) as significant risk factors for failure of conservative treatment. Conclusion Patients with length of inflamed bowel >7 cm or abscess formation >1 cm have increased risk for failure of conservative treatment of acute episodes of diverticulitis with contained perforations with subsequent need for urgent surgery. Therefore, conservative treatment of those patients should be monitored with special caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reischl
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Dominik Roehl
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ziegelmayer
- School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Richard Makowski
- School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wilhelm
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Gaa
- School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Hawkins AT, Wise PE, Chan T, Lee JT, Glyn T, Wood V, Eglinton T, Frizelle F, Khan A, Hall J, Ilyas MIM, Michailidou M, Nfonsam VN, Cowan ML, Williams J, Steele SR, Alavi K, Ellis CT, Collins D, Winter DC, Zaghiyan K, Gallo G, Carvello M, Spinelli A, Lightner AL. Diverticulitis: An Update From the Age Old Paradigm. Curr Probl Surg 2020; 57:100862. [PMID: 33077029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Hawkins
- Section of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
| | - Paul E Wise
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tiffany Chan
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janet T Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Tamara Glyn
- University of Otago, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Verity Wood
- Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Timothy Eglinton
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Frank Frizelle
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Adil Khan
- Raleigh General Hospital, Beckley, WV
| | - Jason Hall
- Dempsey Center for Digestive Disorders, Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott R Steele
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Oh
| | - Karim Alavi
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - C Tyler Ellis
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Des C Winter
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Carvello
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
| | - Amy L Lightner
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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7
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Covino M, Rosa F, Ojetti V, Quero G, Fiorillo C, Sganga G, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F, Alfieri S. Acute Diverticulitis in Elderly Patients: Does Age Really Matter? Dig Dis 2020; 39:33-41. [PMID: 32485716 DOI: 10.1159/000509049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contrasting results are reported on the clinical course of acute diverticulitis (AD) in the geriatric population. The aim of this study is to compare the AD clinical outcomes between patients aged up to 80 years and those ≥80 years. METHODS A total of 1,139 patients were enrolled: 276 patients aged ≥80 years were compared with a group of 863 patients aged <80 years. The primary outcome was to compare the overall mortality. Secondary outcomes included major complications, in-hospital length of stay (LOS), and need for surgical procedures. RESULTS Patients ≥80 years with AD had different clinical presentation compared with younger patients: they had less fever (21.4 vs. 35.2%; p < 0.001) and abdominal pain (47.8 vs. 65.6%; p < 0.001) rates, but a higher digestive tract bleeding (31.5 vs. 12.3%; p < 0.001) and fatigue (12.7 vs. 7.1%; p = 0.004) rates. Median LOS, cumulative major complications, and mortality rates were higher for patients ≥80 years.Multivariate analysis identified age, absence of abdominal pain, and dyspnea at presentation as independent predictors of intrahospital death or major complications. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AD and age ≥80 years have a higher mortality rate and cumulative major complications as compared with younger patients. Invasive treatments were associated to a poor prognosis in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Covino
- Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Rosa
- Digestive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sarcro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Digestive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorillo
- Digestive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sganga
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sarcro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Emergency Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sarcro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sarcro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Digestive Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sarcro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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8
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Rottier SJ, van Dijk ST, Ünlü Ç, van Geloven AAW, Schreurs WH, Boermeester MA. Complicated Disease Course in Initially Computed Tomography-Proven Uncomplicated Acute Diverticulitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2019; 20:453-459. [PMID: 30932745 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2018.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although uncomplicated acute diverticulitis has a benign disease course, some patients are at increased risk for complications. Identification of these patients may aid the selection of treatment strategies such as outpatient treatment. This study aimed to assess the rate and timing of a complicated disease course in initially computed tomography (CT)-proven uncomplicated diverticulitis, and to identify risk factors for the development of these diverticular complications. Patients and Methods: Computed tomography-proven, left-sided uncomplicated diverticulitis patients from two cohorts were included. Main outcome measure was complicated diverticulitis (perforation, abscess, obstruction, or fistula) within three months after presentation. Risk factors for diverticular complications were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the 1,087 patients with initially CT-proven uncomplicated diverticulitis, 4.9% (53/1,087) developed complicated diverticulitis. Most perforations and abscesses (16/21) occurred during the first 10 days, whereas colonic obstruction and fistula occurred during three months of follow-up. Independent risk factors for the transition from uncomplicated to complicated diverticulitis were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification 3/4 (odds ratio [OR] 4.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57-12.48), duration of symptoms before presentation longer than five days (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.72-6.13), vomiting (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.96-7.92), and C-reactive protein (CRP) above 140 mg/L (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.51-5.43). Conclusion: Approximately one in 20 patients with CT-proven uncomplicated diverticulitis develops a complicated disease course within three months; perforation and abscess occur predominantly within 10 days after presentation. Patients with systemic comorbidity, symptoms for more than five days, those who vomit, or have high CRP levels at presentation are at risk for diverticular complications after an uncomplicated initial presentation and may warrant closer observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone J Rottier
- 1Department of Surgery, Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum, The Netherlands.,2Department of Surgery, Northwest Hospitalgroup, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.,3Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Çagdas Ünlü
- 2Department of Surgery, Northwest Hospitalgroup, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
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9
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Boermeester MA, Humes DJ, Velmahos GC, Søreide K. Contemporary Review of Risk-Stratified Management in Acute Uncomplicated and Complicated Diverticulitis. World J Surg 2017; 40:2537-45. [PMID: 27206400 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-016-3560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute colonic diverticulitis is a common clinical condition. Severity of the disease is based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations and dictates the need for medical or surgical intervention. Recent clinical trials have improved the understanding of the natural history of the disease resulting in new approaches to and better evidence for the management of acute diverticulitis. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library (years 2004-2015), MEDLINE (years 2004-2015), and EMBASE (years 2004-2015) databases. We used the search terms "diverticulitis, colonic" or "acute diverticulitis" or "divertic*" in combination with the terms "management," "antibiotics," "non-operative," or "surgery." Registers for clinical trials (such as the WHO registry and the https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ) were searched for ongoing, recruiting, or closed trials not yet published. RESULTS Antibiotic treatment can be avoided in simple, non-complicated diverticulitis and outpatient management is safe. The management of complicated disease, ranging from a localized abscess to perforation with diffuse peritonitis, has changed towards either percutaneous or minimally invasive approaches in selected cases. The role of laparoscopic lavage without resection in perforated non-fecal diverticulitis is still debated; however, recent evidence from two randomised controlled trials has found a higher re-intervention in this group of patients. CONCLUSIONS A shift in management has occurred towards conservative management in acute uncomplicated disease. Those with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis may be treated without antibiotics. For complicated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis, the use of peritoneal lavage appears to be non-superior to resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Humes
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Community Health Sciences, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building 2, Nottingham, UK. .,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - George C Velmahos
- Division of Trauma Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kjetil Søreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, P. O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Hupfeld L, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Rosenberg J. Risk factors for recurrence after acute colonic diverticulitis: a systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32:611-622. [PMID: 28110383 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-017-2766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several factors may influence the risk of recurrence after an episode of acute colonic diverticulitis. Until now, a comprehensive systematic overview and evaluation of relevant risk factors have not been presented. This review aimed at assembling and evaluating current evidence on risk factors for recurrence after conservatively treated acute colonic diverticulitis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies evaluating risk factors for recurrence after acute diverticulitis treated non-surgically defined as antibiotic treatment, percutaneous abscess drainage, or by observation. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies were included. Analyzed outcome variables were extracted and grouped. No meta-analysis was performed due to low inter-study comparability. Variables were rated according to their likelihood of causing recurrence (no/low, medium, high). RESULTS Of 1153 screened records, 35 studies were included, enrolling 396,676 patients with acute diverticulitis. A total of 50,555 patients experienced recurrences. Primary diverticulitis with abscess formation and young age increased the risk of recurrence. Readmission risk was higher within the first year after remission. In addition, the risk of subsequent diverticulitis more than doubled after two earlier episodes of diverticulitis and the risk increased further for every episode. CONCLUSIONS The best treatment strategy for recurrent diverticulitis is undetermined. However, the risk of a new recurrence seemed to increase after each recurrence making elective resection a viable option at some point after multiple recurrences depending on patient risk factors and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Hupfeld
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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11
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Type I/type III collagen ratio associated with diverticulitis of the colon in young patients. J Surg Res 2017; 207:229-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Shaikh S. National complicated acute diverticulitis (CADS) study: a protocol for a prospective observational scoping study for acute diverticulitis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2016; 3:e000117. [PMID: 27957337 PMCID: PMC5146641 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diverticular disease is a widely prevalent disease in western society, and acute diverticulitis is a common acute surgical presentation. However, there is a lack of level 1 evidence addressing the multifaceted presentations associated with acute diverticulitis. There is also a lack of robust epidemiological data that could be used to meaningfully inform randomised controlled trials. The National CADS project aims to generate baseline data for a cohort of patients managed for clinically suspected acute diverticulitis and evaluate the impact of variability in the management approach on patient outcomes in the short (3 months) and long (2 years) term. Method A Unit policy questionnaire will be completed by the principal investigator from all participating centres prior to study initiation. All patients aged above 18 years admitted with clinical suspicion of acute diverticulitis will be included from UK hospitals providing acute surgical care. Demographic, clinical, inpatient stay and outpatient follow-up data will be collected for index admissions between July and September 2014, 3 months follow-up and finally a 2-year follow-up. Results The study attracted participation from 108 centres nationally and has so far generated data on 2500 patients admitted between 1 July 2014 and 30 September 2014. Short-term follow-up data have been obtained for this cohort. Conclusions The National CADS study is currently ongoing with the long-term outcomes data anticipated to be submitted in autumn of 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaque Shaikh
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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13
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Abstract
Although most frequently presenting with lower abdominal pain, appendicitis, colitis, and diverticulitis can cause pain throughout the abdomen and can cause peritoneal and retroperitoneal symptoms. Evaluation and management of lower intestinal disease requires a nuanced approach by the emergency physician, sometimes requiring computed tomography, ultrasonography, MRI, layered imaging, shared decision making, serial examination, and/or close follow-up. Once a presumed or confirmed diagnosis is made, appropriate treatment is initiated, and may include surgery, antibiotics, and/or steroids. Appendicitis patients should be admitted. Diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease can frequently be managed on an outpatient basis, but may require admission and surgical consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Carlberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, G-CCC, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Stephen D Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dubin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, G-CCC, Washington, DC 20007, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Horesh N, Shwaartz C, Amiel I, Nevler A, Shabtai E, Lebedeyev A, Nadler R, Rosin D, Gutman M, Zmora O. Diverticulitis: does age matter? J Dig Dis 2016; 17:313-8. [PMID: 27106275 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute diverticulitis has been traditionally associated with worse outcome in young patients, indicating a more aggressive surgical approach is required for them. The aim of this study was to assess whether acute diverticulitis was more virulent in young patients. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional study included all patients who were admitted for a first episode of acute diverticulitis between January 2004 and December 2013. The patients were divided into two groups (≤50 years and >50 years) based on their age. Patients' characteristics, clinical and surgical data were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 636 patients were included in the database, including 177 (27.8%) in the younger group and 459 in the elder group. There were no significant differences between the groups in disease complexity, peritonitis, laboratory work-up, vital signs on presentation, bowel obstruction or the presence of fistula and abscess in need of drainage. Younger patients had more free extra-luminal air on computed tomography (CT) scan (P = 0.03). Surgical data, including the intra-operative modified Hinchey score and the need for emergency and additional surgery did not significantly differ between the two groups. Young patients had more readmissions (P = 0.01) due to acute diverticulitis, diverticular complications and elective surgery. Length of hospital stay (P = 0.0001) was longer and postoperative complications were more common in the elder patients. CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentation of acute diverticulitis does not seem to be worse in the young population. Younger patients tend to have a more severe presentation on CT scan and more readmissions, but this did not translate to a more severe disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Horesh
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Chaya Shwaartz
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Imri Amiel
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Avinoam Nevler
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Esther Shabtai
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alexander Lebedeyev
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Roi Nadler
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Danny Rosin
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mordechai Gutman
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Oded Zmora
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Kijsirichareanchai K, Mankongpaisarnrung C, Sutamtewagul G, Nugent K, Rakvit A. Diverticulitis in the Young. J Prim Care Community Health 2014; 6:29-34. [DOI: 10.1177/2150131914548512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colonic diverticulitis is relatively uncommon in young patients, especially those younger than 40 years. We compared demographic data, clinical presentation, management, and clinical course of diverticulitis in patients ≤40 years old compared with patients >40 years old. Methods: This study included all patients who presented to the emergency department with a diagnosis of diverticulitis between October 1, 2009 and September 30, 2010. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (≤40 years old) and group 2 (>40 years old). Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and management, and short-term outcomes were compared. Results: Ninety-four patients were included in the study (37 patients in group 1 and 57 patients in group 2). A higher percentage of obese and Hispanic men was found in group 1 ( P > .05). The rate of discharge from the emergency department was significantly higher in group 1 (56.8% in group 1 vs 7.0% in group 2, P < .01). Group 2 patients had a shorter median length of stay than group 1 patients (3.1 vs 5.7 days, P = .16). There were no differences in vital signs, laboratory data (including complete blood count and basic metabolic panel), and in-hospital mortality rates between the 2 groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that young Hispanic men develop diverticulitis and that this diagnosis needs to be considered when they present to emergency rooms with abdominal symptoms. A longitudinal study is needed to determine the long-term outcomes in these patients and to investigate the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunut Kijsirichareanchai
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Nugent
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ariwan Rakvit
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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