1
|
DeLaRosby A, Mulcahy J, Norwood T. A Proposed Decision Making Framework for the Translation of In-Person Clinical Care to Digital Care: A Tutorial. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024. [PMID: 38729149 DOI: 10.2196/52993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
UNSTRUCTURED The continued demand for digital health requires that providers adapt thought processes to enable sound clinical decision making in digital settings. Providers report that lack of training is a barrier to providing digital healthcare. Physical exam techniques and hands-on interventions must be adjusted in safe, reliable and feasible ways to digital care and decision making may be impacted by modifications made to these techniques. We have proposed a framework for determining if a procedure can be modified to obtain a comparable result in a digital environment or if a referral to in-person care is required. The decision making framework developed using program outcomes of a digital physical therapy platform, and aims to alleviate provider barriers to providing digital care. This paper describes the unique considerations a provider must make when collecting background information, selecting procedures, executing procedures, assessing results, and determining if they can proceed with clinical care in digital settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna DeLaRosby
- Physera Physical Therapy Group, 2443 Fillmore St, #380-8130, San Francisco, US
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Fabiano A, Venkatesh AK, Patel N, Hollander JE. Telehealth Clinical Appropriateness and Quality. TELEMEDICINE REPORTS 2023; 4:87-92. [PMID: 37283853 PMCID: PMC10240320 DOI: 10.1089/tmr.2023.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to common perception, telehealth is not simply a substitute for in-person care. With an array of modalities-live audio-video, asynchronous patient communication, and remote patient monitoring, to name a few-telehealth creates entirely new avenues of care delivery (Table 1). Although our current care model is reactive-relying on episodic visits to an office or hospital-telehealth allows us to be proactive, filling in the gaps to provide a continuum of care. Widespread uptake of telehealth has created fertile ground for long-overdue health system reform. In this study, we describe essential next steps: redefine telehealth clinical appropriateness, evolve payment models, provide necessary training, and reimagine the patient-physician interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- MedStar Health, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Anthony Fabiano
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nick Patel
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Judd E. Hollander
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Le Neindre A, Hansell L, Wormser J, Gomes Lopes A, Diaz Lopez C, Romanet C, Choukroun G, Nguyen M, Philippart F, Guinot PG, Buscher H, Bouhemad B, Ntoumenopoulos G. Thoracic ultrasound influences physiotherapist's clinical decision-making in respiratory management of critical care patients: a multicentre cohort study. Thorax 2023; 78:169-175. [PMID: 35321941 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential influence of thoracic ultrasound on clinical decision-making by physiotherapists has never been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of thoracic ultrasound on clinical decision-making by physiotherapists for critical care patients. METHODS This prospective, observational multicentre study was conducted between May 2017 and November 2020 in four intensive care units in France and Australia. All hypoxemic patients consecutively admitted were enrolled. The primary outcome was the net reclassification improvement (NRI), quantifying how well the new model (physiotherapist's clinical decision-making including thoracic ultrasound) reclassifies subjects as compared with an old model (clinical assessment). Secondary outcomes were the factors associated with diagnostic concordance and physiotherapy treatment modification. RESULTS A total of 151 patients were included in the analysis. The NRI for the modification of physiotherapist's clinical decisions was-40% (95% CI (-56 to -22%), p=0.02). Among the cases in which treatment was changed after ultrasound, 41% of changes were major (n=38). Using a multivariate analysis, the physiotherapist's confidence in their clinical diagnosis was associated with diagnostic concordance (adjusted OR=3.28 95% CI (1.30 to 8.71); p=0.014). Clinical diagnosis involving non-parenchymal conditions and clinical signs reflecting abolished lung ventilation were associated with diagnostic discordance (adjusted OR=0.06 95% CI (0.01 to 0.26), p<0.001; adjusted OR=0.26 95% CI (0.09 to 0.69), p=0.008; respectively). CONCLUSION Thoracic ultrasound has a high impact on the clinical decision-making process by physiotherapists for critical care patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02881814; https://clinicaltrials.gov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Le Neindre
- Respiratory Intensive Care and Clinical Research Units, Hopital Forcilles, Ferolles-Attilly, France.,UMR1231 - Lipide Nutrition Cancer, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Louise Hansell
- Physiotherapy, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Johan Wormser
- Intensive Care Unit, Fondation Hopital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Andreia Gomes Lopes
- Physiotherapy and Clinical Research Units, Hopital Forcilles, Ferolles-Attilly, France
| | | | | | - Gerald Choukroun
- Soins intensifs respiratoires & Réadaptation post-réanimation, Hopital Forcilles, Ferolles-Attilly, Île-de-France, France
| | - Maxime Nguyen
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Centre of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Pierre-Grégoire Guinot
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Centre of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Hergen Buscher
- Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bélaid Bouhemad
- UMR1231 - Lipide Nutrition Cancer, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France .,Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Centre of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - George Ntoumenopoulos
- Physiotherapy, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rajendram R, Alrasheed AO, Boqaeid AA, Alkharashi FK, Qasim SS, Hussain A. Training medical students in physical examination and point-of-care ultrasound: An assessment of the needs and barriers to acquiring skills in point-of-care ultrasound. J Family Community Med 2022; 29:62-70. [PMID: 35197730 PMCID: PMC8802732 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_369_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: With growth of the use of point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) around the world, some medical schools have incorporated this skill into their undergraduate curricula. However, because of epidemiology of disease and regional differences in approaches to patient care, global application of PoCUS might not be possible. Before creating a PoCUS teaching course, it is critical to perform a needs analysis and recognize the training obstacles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A validated online questionnaire was given to final-year medical students at our institution to evaluate their perceptions of the applicability of specific clinical findings, and their own capability to detect these signs clinically and with PoCUS. The skill insufficiency was assessed by deducting the self-reported clinical and ultrasound skill level from the perceived usefulness of each clinical finding. RESULTS: The levels of expertise and knowledge in the 229 students who participated were not up to the expected standard. The applicability of detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) (3.9 ± standard deviation [SD] 1.4) was the highest. However, detection of interstitial syndrome (3.0 ± SD 1.1) was perceived as the least applicable. The deficit was highest in the detection of AAA (mean 0.95 ± SD 2.4) and lowest for hepatomegaly (mean 0.57 ± SD 2.3). Although the majority agreed that training of preclinical and clinical medical students would be beneficial, 52 (22.7%) showed no interest, and 60% (n = 136) reported that they did not have the time to develop the skill. CONCLUSION: Although medical students in Saudi Arabia claim that PoCUS is an important skill, there are significant gaps in their skill, indicating the need for PoCUS training. However, a number of obstacles must be overcome in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Rajendram
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah O Alrasheed
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Boqaeid
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris K Alkharashi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman S Qasim
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Hussain
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Domínguez-Ruiz M, Reinero CR, Vientos-Plotts A, Grobman ME, Silverstein D, Le Boedec K. Interclinician agreement on the recognition of selected respiratory clinical signs in dogs and cats with abnormal breathing patterns. Vet J 2021; 277:105760. [PMID: 34655789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In humans, classification of abnormal breathing patterns (ABP) and recognition of ancillary respiratory signs are difficult, as reflected by poor-to-moderate interclinician agreement. The aims of this study were to assess interclinician agreement for respiratory sign recognition in dogs and cats and evaluate the influence of clinical experience on agreement. Dogs and cats with ABP were recruited from three hospitals. Included animals were evaluated by three clinicians at each hospital before therapeutic intervention. Consensual definitions for each respiratory clinical sign were provided to all clinicians. Interclinician agreement was measured via Fleiss' kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient statistics. Influence of clinical experience on interobserver agreement was studied via mixed-effects logistic regression. One-hundred and fifteen dogs and 49 cats with ABP were recruited. Out of 12 clinical signs evaluated, only stertor (kappa, 0.80), stridor (kappa, 0.64), attenuation of heart/lung sounds (kappa, 0.60), and goose honking (kappa, 0.84) in dogs, and stertor (kappa, 0.65) and open-mouth breathing (kappa, 0.75) in cats, were considered sufficiently reliable among clinicians. Agreement on respiratory rate estimation was good in both species (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.75). The greater the difference in clinical experience between two clinicians, the lower the odds of agreement between the two clinicians' respiratory physical examination findings. Interclinician agreement was demonstrated to be poor for recognition of most respiratory clinical signs in dogs and cats. Teaching and clinical experience acquisition should be encouraged to improve respiratory clinical sign recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Domínguez-Ruiz
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43, Av. Aristide Briand, 94110, Arcueil, France
| | - C R Reinero
- University of Missouri, Veterinary Health Center, 900 E. Campus Dr, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - A Vientos-Plotts
- University of Missouri, Veterinary Health Center, 900 E. Campus Dr, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - M E Grobman
- University of Missouri, Veterinary Health Center, 900 E. Campus Dr, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - D Silverstein
- University of Pennsylvania, Ryan Veterinary Hospital, 3900 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K Le Boedec
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43, Av. Aristide Briand, 94110, Arcueil, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The use of spectrograms improves the classification of wheezes and crackles in an educational setting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8461. [PMID: 32440001 PMCID: PMC7242373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chest auscultation is a widely used method in the diagnosis of lung diseases. However, the interpretation of lung sounds is a subjective task and disagreements arise. New technological developments like the use of visSual representation of sounds through spectrograms could improve the agreement when classifying lung sounds, but this is not yet known. In this study, we tested if the use of spectrograms improves the agreement when classifying wheezes and crackles. To do this, we asked twenty-three medical students at UiT the Arctic University of Norway to classify 30 lung sounds recordings for the presence of wheezes and crackles. The sample contained 15 normal recordings and 15 with wheezes or crackles. The students classified the recordings in a random order twice. First sound only, then sound with spectrograms. We calculated kappa values for the agreement between each student and the expert classification with and without display of spectrograms and tested for significant improvement between these two coefficients. We also calculated Fleiss kappa for the 23 observers with and without the spectrogram. In an individual analysis comparing each student to an expert annotated reference standard we found that 13 out of 23 students had a positive change in kappa when classifying wheezes with the help of spectrograms. When classifying crackles 16 out of 23 showed improvement when spectrograms were used. In a group analysis we observed that Fleiss kappa values were k = 0.51 and k = 0.56 (p = 0.63) for classifying wheezes without and with spectrograms. For crackles, these values were k = 0.22 and k = 0.40 (p = <0.01) in the same order. Thus, we conclude that the use of spectrograms had a positive impact on the inter-rater agreement and the agreement with experts. We observed a higher improvement in the classification of crackles compared to wheezes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Douros K, Everard ML. Time to Say Goodbye to Bronchiolitis, Viral Wheeze, Reactive Airways Disease, Wheeze Bronchitis and All That. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:218. [PMID: 32432064 PMCID: PMC7214804 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of infants and children with a significant viral lower respiratory tract illness remains the subject of much debate and little progress. Over the decades various terms for such illnesses have been in and fallen out of fashion or have evolved to mean different things to different clinicians. Terms such as "bronchiolitis," "reactive airways disease," "viral wheeze," and many more are used to describe the same condition and the same term is frequently used to describe illnesses caused by completely different dominant pathologies. This lack of clarity is due, in large part, to a failure to understand the basic underlying inflammatory and associated processes and, in part, due to the lack of a simple test to identify a condition such as asthma. Moreover, there is a lack of insight into the fact that the same pathology can produce different clinical signs at different ages. The consequence is that terminology and fashions in treatment have tended to go around in circles. As was noted almost 60 years ago, amongst pre-school children with a viral LRTI and airways obstruction there are those with a "viral bronchitis" and those with asthma. In the former group, a neutrophil dominated inflammation response is responsible for the airways' obstruction whilst amongst asthmatics much of the obstruction is attributable to bronchoconstriction. The airways obstruction in the former group is predominantly caused by airways secretions and to some extent mucosal oedema (a "snotty lung"). These patients benefit from good supportive care including supplemental oxygen if required (though those with a pre-existing bacterial bronchitis will also benefit from antibiotics). For those with a viral exacerbation of asthma, characterized by bronchoconstriction combined with impaired b-agonist responsiveness, standard management of an exacerbation of asthma (including the use of steroids to re-establish bronchodilator responsiveness) represents optimal treatment. The difficulty is identifying which group a particular patient falls into. A proposed simplified approach to the nomenclature used to categorize virus associated LRTIs is presented based on an understanding of the underlying pathological processes and how these contribute to the physical signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Douros
- Third Department of Paediatrics, Attikon Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark L. Everard
- Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Treatment update: Outpatient management of community-acquired pneumonia. Nurse Pract 2020; 45:16-25. [PMID: 32015283 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000653944.99226.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US and a primary cause of hospitalization nationwide. A recent guideline update from the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America provides evidence-based recommendations for managing adults with community-acquired pneumonia in the outpatient setting.
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Sekine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lauhkonen E, Cooper BG, Iles R. Mini review shows that structured light plethysmography provides a non-contact method for evaluating breathing patterns in children. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1398-1405. [PMID: 30825228 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Structured light plethysmography (SLP) is a novel light-based method that captures chest wall movements to evaluate tidal breathing. We carried out a narrative mini review of the clinical use of SLP in paediatrics. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for papers published in English up to December 2018. This identified a methodology paper published in 2010 and eight full papers, including three paediatric studies and one paediatric case report. We also included data from ten conference abstracts and one clinical case study. RESULTS We found data that validated the ability of SLP to differentiate airway obstruction from tidal breathing parameters and bronchodilator responsiveness for children aged two years and over. Non-contact measurement of regional chest wall movement was a unique feature. Feasibility data were scarce and more studies are needed, especially in infants. Preliminary studies suggest that SLP has the potential to be used in cases of dysfunctional breathing and neuromuscular diseases and as a follow-up tool after lung infections or surgery. CONCLUSION Structured light plethysmography has been validated to demonstrate lung function abnormality in paediatric asthma, but further studies are needed to demonstrate its benefits over current practice and how it can be used for other conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lauhkonen
- Evelina London Children′s Hospital; Guy′s and St Thomas′ NHS Hospital Trust; London UK
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King′s College London; London UK
- Center for Child Health Research; Tampere University and University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - B G Cooper
- Lung Function & Sleep; QEHB NHS Trust & Institute of Clinical Sciences; College of Medical & Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - R Iles
- Evelina London Children′s Hospital; Guy′s and St Thomas′ NHS Hospital Trust; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Donnelly D, Everard ML. 'Dry' and 'wet' cough: how reliable is parental reporting? BMJ Open Respir Res 2019; 6:e000375. [PMID: 31178996 PMCID: PMC6530544 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic cough in childhood is common and causes much parental anxiety. Eliciting a diagnosis can be difficult as it is a non-specific symptom indicating airways inflammation and this may be due to a variety of aetiologies. A key part of assessment is obtaining an accurate cough history. It has previously been shown that parental reporting of 'wheeze' is frequently inaccurate. This study aimed to determine whether parental reporting of the quality of a child's cough is likely to be accurate. Methods Parents of 48 'new' patients presenting to a respiratory clinic with chronic cough were asked to describe the nature of their child's cough. They were then shown video clips of different types of cough using age-appropriate examples, and their initial report was compared with the types of cough chosen from the video. Results In a quarter of cases, the parents chose a video clip of a 'dry' or 'wet' cough having given the opposite description. In a further 20% parents chose examples of both 'dry' and 'wet' coughs despite having used only one descriptor. Discussion While the characteristics of a child's cough carry important information that may be helpful in reaching a diagnosis, clinicians should interpret parental reporting of the nature of a child's cough with some caution in that one person's 'dry' cough may very well be another person's 'wet' cough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Donnelly
- Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark L Everard
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Diagnosis and Medical Management. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7040053. [PMID: 30934800 PMCID: PMC6524348 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the lower airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Symptomatically, these patients may demonstrate wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. This disease is a substantial burden to a growing population worldwide that currently exceeds 300 million individuals. This is a condition that is frequently encountered, but often overlooked in the field of otolaryngology. In asthma, comorbid conditions are routinely present and contribute to respiratory symptoms, decreased quality of life, and poorer asthma control. It is associated with otolaryngic diseases of the upper airways including allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). These conditions have been linked epidemiologically and pathophysiologically. Presently, they are considered in the context of the unified airway theory, which describes the upper and lower airways as a single functional unit. Thus, it is important for otolaryngologists to understand asthma and its complex relationships to comorbid diseases, in order to provide comprehensive care to these patients. In this article, we review key elements necessary for understanding the evaluation and management of asthma and its interrelatedness to CRS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To derive and validate a score that correlates with an objective measurement of a child's effort of breathing. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a previously conducted observational study. SETTING The pediatric and cardiothoracic ICUs of a quaternary-care children's hospital. PATIENTS Patients more than 37 weeks gestational age to age 18 years who were undergoing extubation. INTERVENTIONS Effort of breathing was measured in patients following extubation using esophageal manometry to calculate pressure rate product. Simultaneously, members of a multidisciplinary team (nurse, physician, and respiratory therapist) assessed respiratory function using a previously validated tool. Elements of the tool that were significantly associated with pressure rate product in univariate analysis were identified and included in a multivariate model. An Effort of Breathing score was derived from the results of the model using data from half of the subjects (derivation cohort) and then validated using data from the remaining subjects (validation cohort) by calculating the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for pressure rate product greater than 90th percentile and for the need for reintubation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 409 subjects, the median age was 5 months, and nearly half were cardiac surgery patients (49.1%). Retractions, stridor, and pulsus paradoxus were included in the Simple Score. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for pressure rate product greater than 90th percentile was 0.8359 (95% CI, 0.7996-0.8722) in the derivation cohort and 0.7930 (0.7524-0.8337) in the validation cohort. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for reintubation was 0.7280 (0.6807-0.7752) when all scores were analyzed individually and was 0.7548 (0.6644-0.8452) if scores from three clinicians from different disciplines were summated. Results were similar regardless of provider discipline or training. CONCLUSIONS A scoring system was derived and validated, performed acceptably to predict increased effort of breathing or need for advanced respiratory support and may function best when used by a team.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bastos MG, Novaes AKB, Pazeli JMP. Traditional and ultrasound physical examinations: a hybrid approach to improve clinical care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 64:474-480. [PMID: 30304149 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.05.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasonography, which is performed at the bedside by physicians who are not specialists in imaging, has become possible thanks to recent technological advances that have allowed for a device with greater portability while maintaining image quality. The increasing use of point-of-care ultrasonography in different specialties has made it possible to expand physical examinations, make timely decisions about the patients and allows the performance of safer medical procedures. In this review, three cases from our experience are presented that highlight the use of point-of-care ultrasonography by clinicians. Bedside ultrasonography is a convenient modality used in a clinical setting to aid in early diagnosis of several common conditions. It is suggested that a hybrid approach of physical examination and point-of-care ultrasonography in the everyday clinical practice is an inevitable change of paradigm that is improving quality of care in a variety of clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Gomes Bastos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, /MG, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Korppi M, Lauhkonen E. Auscultation of respiratory sounds: how to practise, how to teach? Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1120-1121. [PMID: 29566436 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Korppi
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research; Tampere University and University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - Eero Lauhkonen
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research; Tampere University and University Hospital; Tampere Finland
- Evelina London Children's Hospital; Guy's and St Thomas’ HS Hospital Trust; King's College London; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mntonintshi M, O'Mahony D, Mabunda S, Namugenyi KAF. Undiagnosed tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection who present with severe anaemia at a district hospital. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2017; 9:e1-e6. [PMID: 28697621 PMCID: PMC5506498 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v9i1.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of severe anaemia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in South Africa. However, TB can be difficult to diagnose as it may be extra pulmonary and paucibacillary. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate undiagnosed TB in patients with HIV infection and severe anaemia and to identify the optimal investigations for diagnosing TB. Setting Mthatha General Hospital, a district hospital. Methods The study was a case series. Results Haemoglobin levels ranged from 3.6 g/dL to 7.9 g/dL, the mean CD4 count was 176 cells/μL and 80% of patients had a positive TB symptom screen. Forty-three (86%) patients had either clinical or bacteriologically proven TB of whom 33 had pulmonary TB, 34 had extra pulmonary TB and 24 had both types. The diagnostic yield for TB was: chest X-ray (CXR) 91%; ultrasound (US) abdomen pericardium and lower chest 62%; sputum Xpert MTB/RIF 35%; TB blood culture 21% and TB urine culture 15%. Blood and urine cultures did not identify any additional cases over those identified by CXR and US. The laboratory turnaround times were as follows: sputum Xpert, 1.6 days; blood culture, 20 days and urine culture, 28 days. CXR and US were done within one day of initial patient assessment. Conclusions The majority of HIV patients with severe anaemia had TB disease, and extra pulmonary TB was as prevalent as pulmonary TB. CXR, US and sputum Xpert were the optimum tests for rapid diagnosis of TB. South African national TB/HIV guidelines should incorporate these specific tests to diagnose TB in patients with HIV and severe anaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Don O'Mahony
- Department of Family Medicine and Rural Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Teaching a Hypothesis-driven Physical Diagnosis Curriculum to Pulmonary Fellows Improves Performance of First-Year Medical Students. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017; 13:489-94. [PMID: 26730644 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201505-297oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypothesis-driven physical examination emphasizes the role of bedside examination in the refinement of differential diagnoses and improves diagnostic acumen. This approach has not yet been investigated as a tool to improve the ability of higher-level trainees to teach medical students. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of teaching hypothesis-driven physical diagnosis to pulmonary fellows on their ability to improve the pulmonary examination skills of first-year medical students. METHODS Fellows and students were assessed on teaching and diagnostic skills by self-rating on a Likert scale. One group of fellows received the hypothesis-driven teaching curriculum (the "intervention" group) and another received instruction on head-to-toe examination. Both groups subsequently taught physical diagnosis to a group of first-year medical students. An oral examination was administered to all students after completion of the course. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Fellows were comfortable teaching physical diagnosis to students. Students in both groups reported a lack of comfort with the pulmonary examination at the beginning of the course and improvement in their comfort by the end. Students trained by intervention group fellows outperformed students trained by control group fellows in the interpretation of physical findings (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Teaching hypothesis-driven physical examination to higher-level trainees who teach medical students improves the ability of students to interpret physical findings. This benefit should be confirmed using validated testing tools.
Collapse
|
18
|
Melbye H, Garcia-Marcos L, Brand P, Everard M, Priftis K, Pasterkamp H. Wheezes, crackles and rhonchi: simplifying description of lung sounds increases the agreement on their classification: a study of 12 physicians' classification of lung sounds from video recordings. BMJ Open Respir Res 2016; 3:e000136. [PMID: 27158515 PMCID: PMC4854017 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The European Respiratory Society (ERS) lung sounds repository contains 20 audiovisual recordings of children and adults. The present study aimed at determining the interobserver variation in the classification of sounds into detailed and broader categories of crackles and wheezes. Methods Recordings from 10 children and 10 adults were classified into 10 predefined sounds by 12 observers, 6 paediatricians and 6 doctors for adult patients. Multirater kappa (Fleiss' κ) was calculated for each of the 10 adventitious sounds and for combined categories of sounds. Results The majority of observers agreed on the presence of at least one adventitious sound in 17 cases. Poor to fair agreement (κ<0.40) was usually found for the detailed descriptions of the adventitious sounds, whereas moderate to good agreement was reached for the combined categories of crackles (κ=0.62) and wheezes (κ=0.59). The paediatricians did not reach better agreement on the child cases than the family physicians and specialists in adult medicine. Conclusions Descriptions of auscultation findings in broader terms were more reliably shared between observers compared to more detailed descriptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasse Melbye
- Faculty of Health Sciences, General Practice Research Unit , UIT the Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Luis Garcia-Marcos
- Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Units, Arrixaca University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca Biohealth Research Institute, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paul Brand
- Princess Amalia Children's Center, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands; Postgraduate School of Medicine, University Medical Centre and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Everard
- School of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital , Subiaco, Western Australia , Australia
| | - Kostas Priftis
- Children's Respiratory and Allergy Unit, Third Dept of Paediatrics , "Attikon" Hospital, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Hans Pasterkamp
- Section of Respirology, Dept of Pediatrics and Child Health , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The validity and reliability of the clinical assessment of increased work of breathing in acutely ill patients. J Crit Care 2016; 34:111-5. [PMID: 27288621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation is frequently indicated to reduce the work of breathing. Because it cannot be measured easily at the bedside, physicians rely on surrogate measurements such as patient appearance of distress and increased breathing effort. OBJECTIVE We determined the validity and reliability of subjectively rating the appearance of respiratory distress and the reliability of 11 signs of increased breathing effort. SUBJECTS The study included consecutive, acutely ill patients requiring various levels of respiratory support. METHODS Blinded to each other's observations, a fellow and a critical care consultant rated the severity of distress (absent, slight, moderate, severe) after observing subjects for 10 seconds and then determined the presence of the signs of increased breathing effort. RESULTS A total of 149 paired examinations occurred 6±6 minutes apart. The rating of respiratory distress correlated with oxygenation, respiratory rate, and 9 signs of increased work of breathing. It had the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.78). Rating distress as moderate to severe had a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 92%, and positive likelihood ratio of 8 for the presence of 3 or more of hypoxia, tachypnea, and any sign of increased breathing effort. Agreement was moderate (κ = 0.53-0.47) for rating of distress, nasal flaring, scalene contraction, gasping, and abdominal muscle contraction, and fair (κ = 0.36-0.23) for sternomastoid contraction, tracheal tug, and thoracoabdominal paradox. CONCLUSION Assessing the increased work of breathing by rating the severity of respiratory distress based on subject appearance is a valid and moderately reliable sign that predicts the presence of serious respiratory dysfunction. The reliability of the individual signs of increased breathing effort is moderate at best.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kohn MA, Steinhart B. Broadcasting Not Properly: Using B-type Natriuretic Peptide Interval Likelihood Ratios and the Results of Other Emergency Department Tests to Diagnose Acute Heart Failure in Dyspneic Patients. Acad Emerg Med 2016; 23:347-50. [PMID: 26836437 DOI: 10.1111/acem.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Kohn
- Emergency Department; Mills-Peninsula Medical Center; Burlingame CA
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of California at San Francisco; San Francisco CA
| | - Brian Steinhart
- St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto ON
- Division of Emergency Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tarasidis GS, Wilson KF. Diagnosis of asthma: clinical assessment. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5 Suppl 1:S23-6. [PMID: 25787268 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common condition that presents with varied symptomatology and exam findings. The diagnosis of asthma is made through a combination of clinical assessment and diagnostic testing. METHODS A literature review was conducted through PubMed, focusing on systematic reviews and practice parameters. The highest-quality studies and those including the highest number of patients were included. References were reviewed for additional relevant articles. RESULTS Patients with asthma present with the symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. The physical exam can demonstrate hyperinflation, wheezing, and increased work of breathing, but most patients will present with a normal pulmonary exam because they are between episodes. The symptoms and examination of patients with asthma varies greatly from patient to patient and within the same patient over time. The diagnosis of asthma in the pediatric population may be more difficult because the classic symptoms may not be present in many of those patients. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of asthma is made in the setting of clinical history, physical exam, and diagnostic testing. The astute physician will rely on all 3 of these factors when making the diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George S Tarasidis
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kevin F Wilson
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gustafsson M, Alehagen U, Johansson P. Imaging Congestion With a Pocket Ultrasound Device: Prognostic Implications in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2015; 21:548-54. [PMID: 25725475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous congestion is common in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). We used a pocket-sized ultrasound imaging device (PID) to assess the patients' congestive status and related our findings to prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred four consecutive outpatients from an HF outpatient clinic were studied. Interstitial lung water (ILW), pleural effusion (PE), and the diameter of the inferior vena cava (VCI) were assessed with the use of a PID. ILW was assessed by demonstration of B-lines (comet tail artifact (CTA). Out of the 104 patients, 28 had CTA and 8 had PE. Median VCI diameter was 18 mm (interquartile range 14-22 mm). Each of these parameters correlated weakly (r = 0.26-0.37; P < .05) with the HF biomarker N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). During the median follow-up time of 530 days, 18 hospitalizations and 14 deaths were registered. Findings of CTA, PE, or both increased the risk of death or hospitalization (hazard ratio 3-4; P < .05). After adjustment for age, cardiac systolic function, and NT-proBNP, this difference remained significant for CTA alone and CTA + PE combined, but not for PE alone. CONCLUSIONS With the use of a handheld ultrasound device, signs of pulmonary congestion could be demonstrated. When found, these had a significant prognostic impact in clinically stable HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buczinski S, Forté G, Francoz D, Bélanger AM. Comparison of thoracic auscultation, clinical score, and ultrasonography as indicators of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 28:234-42. [PMID: 24236441 PMCID: PMC4895545 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnostic tools for bovine respiratory disease diagnosis include clinical inspection, thoracic auscultation, and ultrasonography. Hypothesis Thoracic auscultation and clinical examination have limitations in the detection of lung consolidation in dairy calves. Animals Prospective cohort of 106 preweaned calves from 13 different dairy herds (10 with a history of active bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in calves and 3 without suspected BRD problems). Methods Each preweaned calf was clinically inspected using the Wisconsin calf respiratory scoring chart (CRSC) and treatment history was noted. Systematic thoracic auscultation and ultrasonography then were performed, the latter focusing on lung consolidation. Mortality was recorded over a 30‐day period. Results A total of 56 of 106 calves had ultrasonographic evidence of lung consolidation. The sensitivity of thoracic auscultation to detect consolidation was 5.9% (range, 0–16.7%). Only 41.1% (23/33) of calves with consolidated lungs had been treated previously by the producers. When adding CRSC and previous BRD treatment by the producer, sensitivity of detection increased to 71.4% (40/56). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.809 (95% CI, 0.721–0.879) for the number of areas within the lungs with consolidation and 0.743 (95% CI, 0.648–0.823) for the maximal depth of consolidation as predictors of death within 1 month after examination. These were not significantly different (P = .06). Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study shows that thoracic auscultation is of limited value in diagnosing lung consolidation in calves. Ultrasonographic assessment of the thorax could be a useful tool to assess BRD detection efficiency on dairy farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Buczinski
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Département des sciences cliniques, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hanson J, Lam SWK, Alam S, Pattnaik R, Mahanta KC, Uddin Hasan M, Mohanty S, Mishra S, Cohen S, Day N, White N, Dondorp A. The reliability of the physical examination to guide fluid therapy in adults with severe falciparum malaria: an observational study. Malar J 2013; 12:348. [PMID: 24079262 PMCID: PMC3851438 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adults with severe malaria frequently require intravenous fluid therapy to restore their circulating volume. However, fluid must be delivered judiciously as both under- and over-hydration increase the risk of complications and, potentially, death. As most patients will be cared for in a resource-poor setting, management guidelines necessarily recommend that physical examination should guide fluid resuscitation. However, the reliability of this strategy is uncertain. Methods To determine the ability of physical examination to identify hypovolaemia, volume responsiveness, and pulmonary oedema, clinical signs and invasive measures of volume status were collected independently during an observational study of 28 adults with severe malaria. Results The physical examination defined volume status poorly. Jugular venous pressure (JVP) did not correlate with intravascular volume as determined by global end diastolic volume index (GEDVI; rs = 0.07, p = 0.19), neither did dry mucous membranes (p = 0.85), or dry axillae (p = 0.09). GEDVI was actually higher in patients with decreased tissue turgor (p < 0.001). Poor capillary return correlated with GEDVI, but was present infrequently (7% of observations) and, therefore, insensitive. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) correlated with GEDVI (rs = 0.16, p = 0.002), but even before resuscitation patients with a low GEDVI had a preserved MAP. Anuria on admission was unrelated to GEDVI and although liberal fluid resuscitation led to a median hourly urine output of 100 ml in 19 patients who were not anuric on admission, four (21%) developed clinical pulmonary oedema subsequently. MAP was unrelated to volume responsiveness (p = 0.71), while a low JVP, dry mucous membranes, dry axillae, increased tissue turgor, prolonged capillary refill, and tachycardia all had a positive predictive value for volume responsiveness of ≤50%. Extravascular lung water ≥11 ml/kg indicating pulmonary oedema was present on 99 of the 353 times that it was assessed during the study, but was identified on less than half these occasions by tachypnoea, chest auscultation, or an elevated JVP. A clear chest on auscultation and a respiratory rate <30 breaths/minute could exclude pulmonary oedema on 82% and 72% of occasions respectively. Conclusions Findings on physical examination correlate poorly with true volume status in adults with severe malaria and must be used with caution to guide fluid therapy. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00692627
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Hanson
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pellico LH, Fennie K, Tillman S, Duffy TC, Friedlaender L, Graham G. Artwork and music: Innovative approaches to physical assessment. Arts Health 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2013.838592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
Oshaug K, Halvorsen PA, Melbye H. Should chest examination be reinstated in the early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2013; 8:369-77. [PMID: 23983462 PMCID: PMC3751499 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s47992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although proven to be associated with bronchial obstruction, chest signs are not listed among cues that should prompt spirometry in the early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in established guidelines. AIMS We aimed to explore how chest findings add to respiratory symptoms and a history of smoking in the diagnosis of COPD. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, patients aged 40 years or older, previously diagnosed with either asthma or COPD in primary care, answered questionnaires and underwent physical chest examination and spirometry. RESULTS Among the 375 patients included, 39.7% had forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity <0.7. Hyperresonance to percussion was the strongest predictor of COPD, with a sensitivity of 20.8, a specificity of 97.8, and likelihood ratio of 9.5. In multivariate logistic regression, where pack-years, shortness of breath, and chest findings were among the explanatory variables, three physical chest findings were independent predictors of COPD. Hyperresonance to percussion yielded the highest odds ratio (OR = 6.7), followed by diminished breath sounds (OR = 5.0), and thirdly wheezes (OR = 2.3). These three chest signs also gave significant diagnostic information when added to shortness of breath and pack-years in receiver operating-characteristic curve analysis. CONCLUSION We found that chest signs may add to respiratory symptoms and a history of smoking in the diagnosis of COPD, and we conclude that chest signs should be reinstated as cues to early diagnosis of COPD in patients 40 years or older.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Oshaug
- General Practice Research Unit, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Francis NA, Melbye H, Kelly MJ, Cals JWL, Hopstaken RM, Coenen S, Butler CC. Variation in family physicians' recording of auscultation abnormalities in patients with acute cough is not explained by case mix. A study from 12 European networks. Eur J Gen Pract 2013; 19:77-84. [PMID: 23544624 DOI: 10.3109/13814788.2012.733690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting data on the diagnostic and prognostic value of auscultation abnormalities may be partly explained by inconsistent use of terminology. OBJECTIVES To describe general practitioners use of chest auscultation abnormality terms for patients presenting with acute cough across Europe, and to explore the influence of geographic location and case mix on use of these terms. METHODS Clinicians recorded whether 'diminished vesicular breathing', 'wheezes', 'crackles' and 'rhonchi' were present in an observational study of adults with acute cough in 13 networks in 12 European countries. We describe the use of these terms overall and by network, and used multilevel logistic regression to explore variation by network, controlling for patients' gender, age, comorbidities, smoking status and symptoms. RESULTS 2345 patients were included. Wheeze was the auscultation abnormality most frequently recorded (20.6% overall) with wide variation by network (range: 8.3-30.8%). There was similar variation for other auscultation abnormalities. After controlling for patient characteristics, network was a significant predictor of auscultation abnormalities with odds ratios for location effects ranging from 0.37 to 4.46 for any recorded auscultation abnormality, and from 0.25 to 3.14 for rhonchi. CONCLUSION There is important variation in recording chest auscultation abnormalities by general practitioners across Europe, which cannot be explained by differences in patient characteristics. There is a need and opportunity for standardization in the detection and classification of lung sounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick A Francis
- Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kiers HD, van den Boogaard M, Schoenmakers MC, van der Hoeven JG, van Swieten HA, Heemskerk S, Pickkers P. Comparison and clinical suitability of eight prediction models for cardiac surgery-related acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:345-51. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
29
|
Kassamali RH, Mukherjee R, Noor S. Why teach medical students aspects of the respiratory examination that do not aid in diagnosis? MEDICAL TEACHER 2012; 34:255. [PMID: 22364463 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2012.652713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- John Kugler
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 251 Campus Dr. MSOB x216, MC: 5475, Stanford, CA 94305-5475 USA
| | - Abraham Verghese
- The Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive. S102, Stanford, CA 94305-5110 USA
| |
Collapse
|