Trim14 overexpression causes the same transcriptional changes in mouse embryonic stem cells and human HEK293 cells

Non-coding RNAs and angiogenesis in cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive review

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have key roles in the etiology of many illnesses, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and in physiological processes like angiogenesis. In transcriptional regulatory circuits that control heart growth, signaling, and stress response, as well as remodeling in cardiac disease, ncRNAs have become important players. Studies on ncRNAs and cardiovascular disease have made great progress recently. Here, we go through the functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating cardiovascular disorders.

A Simplified and Effective Approach for the Isolation of Small Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Human Peripheral Blood

Pluripotent stem cells are key players in regenerative medicine. Embryonic pluripotent stem cells, despite their significant advantages, are associated with limitations such as their inadequate availability and the ethical dilemmas in their isolation and clinical use. The discovery of very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cells addressed the aforementioned limitations, but their isolation technique remains a challenge due to their small cell size and their efficiency in isolation. Here, we report a simplified and effective approach for the isolation of small pluripotent stem cells derived from human peripheral blood. Our approach results in a high yield of small blood stem cell (SBSC) population, which expresses pluripotent embryonic markers (e.g., Nanog, SSEA-3) and the Yamanaka factors. Further, a fraction of SBSCs also co-express hematopoietic markers (e.g., CD45 and CD90) and/or mesenchymal markers (e.g., CD29, CD105 and PTH1R), suggesting a mixed stem cell population. Finally, quantitative proteomic profiling reveals that SBSCs contain various stem cell markers (CD9, ITGA6, MAPK1, MTHFD1, STAT3, HSPB1, HSPA4), and Transcription reg complex factors (e.g., STAT5B, PDLIM1, ANXA2, ATF6, CAMK1). In conclusion, we present a novel, simplified and effective isolating process that yields an abundant population of small-sized cells with characteristics of pluripotency from human peripheral blood.

Expression of the human TRIM14 and its mutant form (P207L) promotes apoptosis in transgenic loaches

The tripartite-motif (TRIM)14 protein, one of the TRIM family members, was shown to participate in the antiviral and antibacterial defence. Besides, it appears to play an essential role in the processes of oncogenesis. In some types of human tumour cells, TRIM14 has been shown to inhibit apoptosis, while in others-the overexpression of TRIM14 promotes apoptosis. However, whether TRIM14 mediates apoptosis in the normal cells remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the possible participation of the human TRIM14 gene and its mutant form (620C > T) in the induction of apoptosis in the transgenic larvae loach Misgurnus fossilis L. We observed that the expression of both forms of TRIM14 gene was accompanied by the increase of the frequency of pyknotic nuclei in fish embryos compared to control groups. Accordingly, using the TUNEL assay, the enhanced apoptosis was revealed upon expression of both forms of TRIM14 gene. The transcription of proapoptotic genes (bax, tp53, and casp9) was significantly increased in transgenic loaches expressing human wild-type TRIM14, but remained unchanged upon expression of its mutant form. In addition, the transcription of c-myc was upregulated in transgenic loaches expressing both forms. Thus, it can be assumed that during embryonic development TRIM14 has a proapoptotic effect on the cells via the activation of c-myc, tp53, and bax genes. Apparently, the mutant TRIM14 directs apoptosis via c-myc by p53-independent mechanism.

miR-195-5p Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting TRIM14

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in tumor biological processes through interacting with specific gene targets. The involvement of miR-195-5p in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration has been demonstrated in several cancer cell lines, while its function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Here we find that miR-195-5p expression is lower in OSCC than in nontumor tissues, while its overexpression in cell lines can lead to the promotion of apoptosis and the reduction of cell growth, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we identify the tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM14) as a target of miR-195-5p. Therefore, we reason that the tumor suppressor role of miR-195-5p in OSCC is dependent on the interaction with TRIM14.

Analysis of the expression patterns of the novel large multigene TRIM gene family (finTRIM) in zebrafish

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are receiving increased research interest because of their roles in a wide range of cellular biological processes in innate immunity. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), the functions of the finTRIM (ftr) family are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of ftr12, ftr51, ftr67, ftr82, ftr83, and ftr84 in zebrafish for the first time. The results showed that ftr12, ftr67, and ftr84 are maternally expressed in the oocyte and highly expressed at the early stage (0-4 hpf) of embryo (P < 0.05), suggesting their involvement in the embryonic innate defense system. The ftr82 gene was highly expressed at 8 hpf (P < 0.05), which implied that the embryos could synthesize their own immunity-related mRNAs. However, ftr51 and ftr83 were highest at 8 hpf (2.33 and 51.53 relative to β-actin respectively) and might mediate embryonic development. The expression levels of ftr12, ftr51, and ftr67 were highest in the gill, intestines, and liver, respectively. Ftr82, ftr83, and ftr84 were predominantly expressed in the kidney, suggesting that these finTRIMs might play roles in both immunity and non-immunity-related tissue compartments. Zebrafish embryonic fibroblast (ZF4) cells were infected with Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) and Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). During GCRV infection, the expression of ftr12 was significantly upregulated from 12 h to 24 h; and ftr51 and ftr67 increased from 3 h to 12 h. The expressions of ftr82, ftr83, and ftr84 were only upregulated at 12 h, 12 h, and 24 h, respectively. All of these genes were significantly downregulated at 48 h (P < 0.05). Challenge with SVCV upregulated the expressions of ftr12 and ftr51 at 12 h and 48 h (P < 0.05), respectively, and ftr67 reached its highest expression level at 3 h. ftr82 showed only a slight upregulation at 6 h and 48 h, and ftr83 and ftr84 were consecutively increased, reaching their highest levels at 12 h (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, ftr67 and ftr83 were significantly downregulated at 48 h (P < 0.05). Our research demonstrated that ftr12, ftr51, ftr67, ftr82, ftr83, and ftr84 probably have important roles in innate immune responses and in non-immunity-related tissues.

Overexpression of TRIM14 promotes tongue squamous cell carcinoma aggressiveness by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway

Tongue squamous cells carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies of oral cancers and its prognosis remains dismal due to the paucity of effective therapeutic targets. Herein, we showed that Tripartite motif containing 14(TRIM14) is markedly up-regulated in TSCC cell lines and clinical tissues. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of 116 clinical TSCC specimens revealed that TRIM14 expression was significantly correlated with the TNM classification (T: P = 0.01; N: P < 0.001; M: P < 0.001) in patients with TSCC. Multivariate analysis indicated that TRIM14 expression might be an independent prognostic indicator for the survival of patients with TSCC. Ectopic expression of TRIM14 in TSCC cells promoted proliferation, angiogenesis, and increased resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis of TSCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, TRIM14 overexpressing significantly promoted the tumorigenicity of TSCC cells in vivo whereas silencing endogenous TRIM14 caused an opposite outcome. Moreover, we demonstrated that TRIM14 enhanced TSCC aggressiveness by activating NF-κB signaling. Together, our results provide new evidence that TRIM14 overexpression promotes the progression of TSCC and might represent a novel therapeutic target for its treatment.

Enhanced expression of trim14 gene suppressed Sindbis virus reproduction and modulated the transcription of a large number of genes of innate immunity

In the present research, we have studied an influence of enhanced expression TRIM14 on alphavirus Sindbis (SINV, Togaviridae family) infection. In the HEK293 cells transfected with human trim14 gene (HEK-trim14), SINV yield after infection was decreased 1000-10,000 times (3-4 lg of TCD50/ml) at 24 h p.i. and considerably less (1-2 lg of TCD50/ml) at 48 h p.i. Analysis of the expression of 43 genes directly or indirectly involved in innate immune machine in HEK-trim14 non-infected cells comparing with the control (non-transfected) HEK293 cells revealed that stable trim14 transfection in HEK293 cells caused increased transcription of 18 genes (ifna, il6 (ifnβ2), isg15, raf-1, NF-kB (nf-kb1, rela, nf-kb2, relb), grb2, grb3-3, traf3ip2, junB, c-myb, pu.1, akt1, tyk2, erk2, mek2) and lowered transcription of 3 genes (ifnγ, gata1, il-17a). The similar patterns of genes expression observe in SINV-infected non-transfected HEK293 cells. However, SINV infection of HEK-trim14 cells caused inhibition of the most interferon cascade genes as well as subunits of transcription factor NF-κB. Thus, stable enhanced expression of trim14 gene in cells activates the transcription of many immunity genes and suppresses the SINV reproduction, but SINV infection of HEK-trim14 cells promotes inhibition of some genes involved in innate immune system.