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LIU X, HU X, WU S, LIU J, WANG J. Extracts from sojae semen germinatum ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.126622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei LIU
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xianmin HU
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shuzhe WU
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Juan LIU
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jun WANG
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
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Cai Y, Zheng Q, Sun R, Wu J, Li X, Liu R. Recent progress in the study of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yin Chen), a promising medicinal herb for liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Xu W, Xiao M, Li J, Chen Y, Sun Q, Li H, Sun W. Hepatoprotective effects of Di Wu Yang Gan: A medicinal food against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Food Chem 2020; 327:127093. [PMID: 32470802 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of functional foods based on medicinal food ingredients has become a hot topic in China. Di Wu Yang Gan (DWYG) is a Chinese medicinal food that contains five dietary plants. Various health benefits, including anti-inflammation, liver regeneration regulation, have been reported, though the mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of DWYG on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in embryonic liver L-02 cells and mice model. DWYG-medicated serum protected L-02 cells from carbon tetrachloride-induced damage, reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the culture medium, decreased the expression of Bax and increased the expression of Bcl-2. Mice study suggested that DWYG decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, ALT and AST. Together, these results suggest the hepatoprotective effects of DWYG against ALI and provide an experimental basis for the utilization of DWYG to treat liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mingzhong Xiao
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China; Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Hanmin Li
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China; Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wencai Sun
- Army Hospital of the 81st Army Group, Zhangjiakou, China
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Wang XJ, Ren JL, Zhang AH, Sun H, Yan GL, Han Y, Liu L. Novel applications of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in herbal medicines and its active ingredients: Current evidence. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:380-402. [PMID: 30817039 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence shows that herbal medicines could be beneficial for the treatment of various diseases. However, the complexities present in chemical compositions of herbal medicines are currently an obstacle for the progression of herbal medicines, which involve unclear bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, undetermined targets for therapy, non-specific features for drug metabolism, etc. To overcome those issues, metabolomics can be a great to improve and understand herbal medicines from the small-molecule metabolism level. Metabolomics could solve scientific difficulties with herbal medicines from a metabolic perspective, and promote drug discovery and development. In recent years, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was widely applied for the analysis of herbal constituents in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we highlight the value of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and metabolism to address the complexity of herbal medicines in systems pharmacology, and to enhance their biomedical value in biomedicine, to shed light on the aid that mass spectrometry-based metabolomics can offer to the investigation of its active ingredients, especially, to link phytochemical analysis with the assessment of pharmacological effect and therapeutic potential. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Jun-Ling Ren
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guang-Li Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
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Liu H, Chen M, Yin H, Hu P, Wang Y, Liu F, Tian X, Huang C. Exploration of the hepatoprotective chemical base of an orally administered herbal formulation (YCHT) in normal and CCl 4-intoxicated liver injury rats. Part 1: Metabolic profiles from the liver-centric perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:81-91. [PMID: 30904705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yin-Chen-Hao Tang (YCHT), derived from "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" in ancient China, has been a very popular hepatoprotective three-herb formula in China and Japan, although its chemical base remains unclear. AIM OF THIS STUDY As the first step in revealing the hepatoprotective chemical base of YCHT, we aimed to clarify the absorbed ingredients and associated metabolic pathways for orally dosed YCHT in both normal and liver injury rats from a liver-centric perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the aid of 10 reference compounds, the absorbed ingredients and generated metabolites were systematically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF) in the portal vein plasma (the plasma before hepatic disposition) - liver - systemic plasma (the plasma after hepatic disposition), following oral administration of YCHT in normal and CCl4-induced liver injury rats. RESULTS A total of 38 compounds with six chemical structures, consisting of 10 prototypes and 28 metabolites generated through 9 biotransformations, were absolutely or tentatively identified, and 25 compounds were first reported on YCHT treatments. Among them, 8 compounds were absolutely confirmed by comparing with standard substances, and some had published hepatoprotective activities. Compared with the 35, 15, and 29 compounds identified in the portal vein plasma, liver, and systemic plasma of normal rats, respectively, the corresponding numbers of characterized compounds were 37, 13 and 29 in the liver injury rats. CONCLUSIONS Sulfation and glucuronidation were the predominant biotransformations, and intestinal metabolism, prior to hepatic metabolism, occurred for most compounds. CCl4-induced liver injury caused only slight changes in the metabolic profiles of rats orally administered YCHT. These results provided the precondition for further quantitative analysis and pharmacodynamic screening of compounds in YCHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingcang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Tian X, Liu H, Qiao S, Yin H, Chen M, Hu P, Wang Y, Peng H, Liu F, Pan G, Huang C. Exploration of the hepatoprotective chemical base of an orally administered herbal formulation (YCHT) in normal and CCl 4-intoxicated liver injury rats. Part 2: Hepatic disposition in vivo and hepatoprotective activity in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:161-172. [PMID: 30802610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yin-Chen-Hao Tang (YCHT) has been a very popular, hepatoprotective three-herb formula with an unclear chemical base. AIM OF THIS STUDY To reveal the hepatoprotective chemical base of oral-dosed YCHT, we bridged the hepatic disposition of six compounds in vivo and their hepatoprotection in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, following the oral administration of YCHT in normal and CCl4-induced liver injury rats, the determinations of chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, geniposide, genipin, rhein and emodin were conducted in the portal vein plasma, the liver, and the systemic plasma. In vitro, the hepatoprotective activities of these compounds were determined in the CCl4-induced HepG2 cells. RESULTS Consistent with the highest content in YCHT, geniposide had the highest exposure in vivo. Inconsistent with the negligible content, rhein, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, emodin and genipin showed substantial hepatic accumulations. In contrast, chlorogenic acid, an ingredient that has a high content in YCHT, elicited no hepatic exposure. In normal rats, the hepatic disposition prevented the compounds entering into the systemic plasma from the portal vein plasma by 44.9-100%, except for rhein. CCl4-induced liver injury caused a decreased hepatic exposure of 4-hydroxyacetophenone, rhein and emodin by 50%. In vitro, all six compounds exerted the hepatoprotection by increasing cell viability, decreasing hepatic marker enzymes and inhibiting lipid peroxidation at varying levels. CONCLUSION Geniposide, rhein, emodin, 4-hydroxyacetophenone and genipin directly resisted liver injury in oral-dosed YCHT, while chlorogenic acid likely played an indirect role. This study proved that YCHT exerted hepatoprotection through multiple components and multiple actions. However, close attention should be paid to the possible side effects and oral dosage of YCHT in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shida Qiao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingcang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huige Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Huang J, Cheung F, Tan HY, Hong M, Wang N, Yang J, Feng Y, Zheng Q. Identification of the active compounds and significant pathways of yinchenhao decoction based on network pharmacology. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4583-4592. [PMID: 28791364 PMCID: PMC5646998 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, which has been widely used for the treatment of jaundice for 2,000 years. Currently, YCHD is used to treat various liver disorders and metabolic diseases, however its chemical/pharmacologic profiles remain to be elucidated. The present study identified the active compounds and significant pathways of YCHD based on network pharmacology. All of the chemical ingredients of YCHD were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion screening with oral bioavailability (OB) screening, drug‑likeness (DL) and intestinal epithelial permeability (Caco‑2) evaluation were applied to discover the bioactive compounds in YCHD. Following this, target prediction, pathway identification and network construction were employed to clarify the mechanism of action of YCHD. Following OB screening, and evaluation of DL and Caco‑2, 34 compounds in YCHD were identified as potential active ingredients, of which 30 compounds were associated with 217 protein targets. A total of 31 significant pathways were obtained by performing enrichment analyses of 217 proteins using the JEPETTO 3.x plugin, and 16 classes of gene‑associated diseases were revealed by performing enrichment analyses using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery v6.7. The present study identified potential active compounds and significant pathways in YCHD. In addition, the mechanism of action of YCHD in the treatment of various diseases through multiple pathways was clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Huang
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Li JY, Cao HY, Sun L, Sun RF, Wu C, Bian YQ, Dong S, Liu P, Sun MY. Therapeutic mechanism of Yīn-Chén-Hāo decoction in hepatic diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1125-1138. [PMID: 28275293 PMCID: PMC5323438 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i7.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yīn-Chén-Hāo decoction (YCHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula composed of capillaris (Artemisia capillaris), gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides), and rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) that is used for the treatment of damp-heat jaundice. In modern clinics, YCHD is mostly used for hepatic diseases. This review summarizes the biological activities of YCHD and its medical applications. The main active compounds of YCHD are chlorogenic acid, rhein, geniposide, emodin, and scoparone. The pharmacological actions of YCHD include inhibition of hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, necrosis, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation. YCHD could be developed as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatic diseases.
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Dong LC, Fan YX, Yu Q, Ma J, Dong X, Li P, Li HJ. Synergistic effects of rhubarb-gardenia herb pair in cholestatic rats at pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:67-74. [PMID: 26376237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herb pair serves as the basic building block of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. The rhubarb-gardenia herb pair (RGHP), composed of rhubarb and gardenia, has meaningful clinical effects to cure cholestasis diseases. This study was designed to confirm the expected synergistic effects of RGHP at pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, model and drug-treated groups. After intragastrically administrated with α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) to induce cholestasis, rats were treated with rhubarb, gardenia or RGHP. For pharmacodynamic study, biochemical and histopathological tests were performed to assess the hepatoprotective effects. While for pharmacokinetic study, a LC-MS method was developed for determination of five main chemical markers, namely genipin, rhein, aloe emodin, emodin and chrysophanol in rat plasma. RESULTS The biochemical and histopathological tests suggested that RGHP exerted enhanced hepatoprotective effects against the ANIT-induced cholestasis compared with single herbs. The pharmacokinetic study indicated RGHP could significantly elevate systemic exposure level and prolong retention time of five markers in comparison with rhubarb or gardenia alone. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the synergistic effects of RGHP in ANIT-induced cholestatic rats at pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels, and has significant enlightenments for the rational use of the related TCM formulas containing RGHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Chi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya-Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wu L, Zhou PQ, Xie JW, Zhu R, Zhou SC, Wang G, Wu ZX, Hao S. Effects of Yinchenhao decoction on self-regulation of renin-angiotensin system by targeting angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in bile duct-ligated rat liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26223920 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate whether Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) attenuates hepatic fibrogenesis in the bile duct ligation (BDL) model via recovering and restoring the self-regulation and balance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), 33 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley rats with common BDL and scission were randomly divided into five groups as follows: G1, the sham group (n=4); G2, BDL 7-day group (n=5); G3, BDL+YCHD 430 mg/mL (n=8); G4, BDL+losartan 0.65 mg/mL (ARB group, n=8); G5, model group (BDL without any treatment, n=8). YCHD and losartan (10 mL·kg(-1)·day(-1)) were given by gastric gavage for 16 days following BDL in G3 and G4 groups, respectively. The effect of YCHD on liver fibrosis and the detailed molecular mechanisms were assessed by liver function including total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IDBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Histological changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Masson trichrome staining. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), ACE2, angiotensin II (AngII) as well as transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). The experimental data were analyzed by principle component analytical method of pattern recognition. The results showed that biochemically, serum TBIL, DBIL, IDBIL, ALT and AST levels were markedly increased following BDL as compared with the sham group (P<0.05). Serum TBIL, IDBIL and DBIL levels in G3 group were dramatically decreased as compared with G5 and G4 groups (P<0.05). Serum AST level in G3 was significantly lowered than in G5 group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in ALT among G3, G4 and G5 groups (P>0.05). Histologically, livers in G3 group showed less hepatocytes necrosis, less bile duct hyperplasia and less collagen formation than in G4 and G5 groups. The protein expression levels of ACE2, ACE, AngII, AT1R and TGFβ1 in G2, G3 and G4 groups were significantly higher than in sham group (P<0.05), and lower than in G5 group (P<0.05). However, the differences among G2, G3 and G4 groups were not significant (P>0.05). ACE2 protein expression in G3 group was significantly higher than in G2 group (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference in comparison with G4 group (P>0.05). Moreover, the protein expression of TGFβ1 in G3 group was significantly lower than in G5 and G4 groups (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that the antifibrotic effects of YCHD may be associated with the decreased classical RAS pathway components and TGFβ1 downexpression so as to recover and rebuild self-regulation of the RAS by elevating the protein expression of ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pi-Qi Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ji-Wen Xie
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Sun-Chang Zhou
- Animal Experiment Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhong-Xu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Sha Hao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Advancing drug discovery and development from active constituents of yinchenhao tang, a famous traditional chinese medicine formula. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:257909. [PMID: 24191164 PMCID: PMC3804150 DOI: 10.1155/2013/257909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula has been playing a very important role in health protection and disease control for thousands of years. Guided by TCM syndrome theories, formula are designed to contain a combination of various kinds of crude drugs that, when combined, will achieve synergistic efficacy. However, the precise mechanism of synergistic action remains poorly understood. One example is a famous TCM formula Yinchenhao Tang (YCHT), whose efficacy in treating hepatic injury (HI) and Jaundice syndrome, has recently been well established as a case study. We also conducted a systematic analysis of synergistic effects of the principal compound using biochemistry, pharmacokinetics and systems biology, to explore the key molecular mechanisms. We had found that the three component (6,7-dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G), and rhein (R)) combination exerts a more robust synergistic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets. They can regulate molecular networks through activating both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to synergistically cause intensified therapeutic effects. This paper provides an overview of the recent and potential developments of chemical fingerprinting coupled with systems biology advancing drug discovery towards more agile development of targeted combination therapies for the YCHT.
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Nishimura Y, Morikawa Y, Kondo C, Tonomura Y, Fukushima R, Torii M, Uehara T. Genomic biomarkers for cardiotoxicity in rats as a sensitive tool in preclinical studies. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:1120-30. [PMID: 23558518 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of safer drugs is a high priority for pharmaceutical companies. Among the various toxicities caused by drugs, cardiotoxicity is an important issue because of its lethality. In addition, cardiovascular toxicity leads to the attrition of many drug candidates in both preclinical and clinical phases. Although histopathological and blood chemistry examinations are the current gold standards for detecting cardiotoxicity in preclinical studies, the large number of withdrawals from clinical studies owing to safety problems indicate that a more sensitive tool is required. We recently identified 32 genes that were candidate genomic biomarkers for cardiotoxicity in rats. Based on their functions, the present study focused on 8 of these 32 genes (Spp1, Fhl1, Timp1, Serpine1, Bcat1, Lmcd1, Rnd1 and Tgfb2). Diagnostic accuracy for the genes was determined by a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using more cardiotoxic and non-cardiotoxic compounds. In addition, an optimized support vector machine (SVM) model that was composed of Spp1 and Timp1 was newly constructed. This new multi-gene model exhibited a much higher diagnostic accuracy than that observed for plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI), which is one of the most useful plasma biomarkers for cardiotoxicity detection. Furthermore, we determined that this multi-gene model could predict potential cardiotoxicity in rats in the absence of any cardiac histopathological lesions or elevations of plasma cTnI. Overall, this multi-gene model exhibited advantages over classic tools commonly used for cardiotoxicity evaluations in rats. Our current results suggest that application of the model could potentially lead to the production of safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nishimura
- Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan.
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Jiang M, Lu C, Zhang C, Yang J, Tan Y, Lu A, Chan K. Syndrome differentiation in modern research of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:634-642. [PMID: 22322251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Syndrome differentiation (Bian Zheng) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the comprehensive analysis of clinical information gained by the four main diagnostic TCM procedures: observation, listening, questioning, and pulse analysis, and it is used to guide the choice of treatment either by acupuncture and/or TCM herbal formulae, that is, Fufang. TCM syndrome differentiation can be used for further stratification of the patients' conditions with certain disease, identified by orthodox medical diagnosis, which could help the improvement of efficacy of the selected intervention. In modern TCM research it is possible to integrate syndrome differentiation with orthodox medical diagnosis leading to new scientific findings in overall medical diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the focus is to screen published evidence on the role of syndrome differentiation in modern TCM research with particular emphasis on basic and clinical research as well as, pharmacological evaluation of TCM herbal formulary for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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