Oxidative balance score and risk of osteoporosis among postmenopausal Iranian women

Oxidative Balance Score Associated with Osteoporosis in Younger Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 and 2017-2018 Data

OBJECTIVE

To explore the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and osteoporosis risk, as well as to identify the specific population group.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, we included the data of 5,413 participants using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2013-2014 and 2017-2018. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves, logistic regression models, trend tests, and stratification analyses were used to evaluate the association between the OBS and osteoporosis risk. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to identify independent factors related to OBS. Finally, whether OBS played a mediating role in osteoporosis was evaluated using a mediation analysis.

RESULTS

Patients with osteoporosis had a lower OBS, and a high OBS score was associated with a decreased risk of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). Further stratification analysis revealed that the relationship between OBS and osteoporosis was robust in the three models in female patients aged < 70 years, which was validated using a trend test (p < 0.05). Age and sex were independent predictors of osteoporosis and the OBS. The OBS was a mediator in the association between sex, but not age, and disease.

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicate a negative relationship between OBS and osteoporosis risk, which was pronounced in younger women and individuals aged < 70 years. Moreover, sex may be related to osteoporosis through the regulation of OBS.

The Association of Phytochemical Index and oxidative balance score with bone Mineral density: a case-control study

BACKGROUND

Phytochemical index (PI) and oxidative balance score (OBS) have not been previously evaluated in women with osteoporosis. The present study aimed to investigate their relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.

METHODS

The current case-control study included healthy postmenopausal women (n = 131) and postmenopausal women with abnormal BMD (osteopenia: T-score between - 1 and - 2.5; osteoporosis: T-score less than - 2.5) (n = 131). All participants were recruited from the Isfahan Bone Densitometry Center. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured BMD at the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck, expressed in grams per square centimeter. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assessed PI and OBS. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the association between PI and OBS with BMD.

RESULTS

A positive association was observed between PI and both lumbar and femoral BMD (P < 0.001 for both of them). Similarly, a significant positive association was found between OBS and both lumbar and femoral BMD (P < 0.001 for both of them). Compared to the first tertile of PI, significantly higher odds of abnormal BMD were observed in the last tertile across all models (crude model: odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.46, P < 0.001 - adjusted model 1: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.12-0.44, P < 0.001 - adjusted model 2: OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.14-0.55, P < 0.001). Similarly, compared to the first tertile of OBS, higher odds of abnormal BMD were in the last tertile across all models (crude model: OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13-0.47, P < 0.001 - adjusted model 1: OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13-0.46, P < 0.001 - adjusted model 2: OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13-0.52, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the present study highlighted the important role of PI and OBS in abnormal BMD. The findings indicated that higher PI and OBS were inversely associated with the odds of abnormal BMD.

Associations between oxidative balance scores and heart failure among americans: NHANES (2007-2018)

BACKGROUND

The relationship between oxidative balance score (OBS) and heart failure (HF) is controversial. The OBS was used to assess systemic oxidative stress status, with higher OBS scores implying exposure to more antioxidants. This study aimed to explore whether OBS is associated with heart failure in US adults.

METHODS

A cross-sectional investigation was carried out using information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. The linear link between OBS and HF in adults aged ≥ 45 years was investigated using multivariate linear regression models. Interaction tests and subgroup analysis were also conducted.

RESULTS

The prevalence of HF was 3.84%. There was a significant negative relationship between OBS (OR: 0.96 ,95%CI: 0.95-0.98, P < 0.0001) and HF. In the fully adjusted model, compared to the lowest quartile of OBS, subjects in the highest quartile had a 45% lower likelihood of developing HF (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.41-0.74, p < 0.0001). In stratified analysis, OBS and HF showed no obvious negative correlation.

CONCLUSION

OBS was strongly negatively associated with heart failure. The findings underline the significance of adhering to an antioxidant diet and lifestyle, which helps prevent heart failure.

Associations between oxidation balance score and abdominal aortic calcification, and the mediating role of glycohemoglobin: a nationally representative cross-sectional study from NHANES

BACKGROUND

Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is prevalent among middle-aged and elderly populations, elevating the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Leveraging data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Our aim was to evaluate whether subjective interventions could influence AAC scores by modifying the antioxidant/pro-oxidant status of individuals and to investigate the role of glycohemoglobin in this relationship.

METHODS

The study analyzed data from 1,600 U.S. adults. The study used oxidation balance score (OBS) as an exposure variable derived from 16 dietary and 4 lifestyle factors, as well as glycohemoglobin obtained from blood tests. The main outcome measure was AAC, which was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorption and quantified by Kauppila scoring system.

RESULTS

The mean (SD) age of the 1,600 patients was 56.53 (10.90) years, with a female predominance (50.22%). According to weighted linear regressions not adjusted for covariates, the AAC scores were lower in the third and fourth quartile groups of OBS than in the first quartile group of OBS (Q3: coefficients [coef], -0.92 [95% CI, -1.64 to-0.20], p = 0.017; Q4: coefficients [coef], -0.97 [95% CI, -1.86 ~ -0.08; p < 0.035]). According to the weighted linear regression subgroup analyses, there were no significant OBS-AAC correlations among males (p > 0.05), but there were significant correlations among females (p < 0.05). Smooth fitting curves showed a more significant trend of change in the negative correlation between OBS and AAC scores in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. In further mediation analyses, glycohemoglobin was identified as a mediator of the relationship between the oxidative balance score and AAC.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed a significant negative correlation between OBS and AAC scores, particularly in postmenopausal women. The negative correlation between OBS and AAC is partly mediated by glycohemoglobin.

Association between oxidative balance score and serum cobalt level in population with metal implants: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015-2020

Background

Growing evidence indicates that metal implants influence the body's oxidative stress status, which in turn affects the degradation and stability of metal implants. The oxidative balance score (OBS) is a composite indicator, reflecting the overall oxidative balance of pro-and antioxidants of the human body. However, the associations between OBS and the level of metal ions on the population with metal implants remain to be elucidated.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 2015 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary and lifestyle factors closely associated with oxidative stress were quantified to calculate the OBS. Weighted multivariate logistic regression and smooth curve fittings were performed to examine the relationship between OBS and serum cobalt levels. Subgroup analyses were stratified by age and gender. In cases where non-linearity was detected, threshold effects were assessed using a two-piecewise linear regression model.

Results

A total of 549 participants were included in this analysis. The dietary OBS was negatively associated with serum cobalt level in fully adjusted model (β = -0.179, 95%CI: -0.358 to -0.001, P: 0.04918). Stratified by age and gender, negative correlation of OBS and dietary OBS with serum cobalt level was observed only in men and age over 70 years participants. Threshold effect analysis showed linear relationships between OBS, dietary OBS and cobalt level in males. There were non-linear relationships between OBS, dietary OBS and cobalt level in age over 70 years participants, with inflection points identified at 16.3 and 8.7 for OBS and dietary OBS, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study confirms the inverse relationships between oxidative stress and serum cobalt level in individuals with metal implants, highlighting the significance of optimizing OBS to mitigate the risk of metal ion toxicity. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining an antioxidant diet and lifestyle, particularly as they offer greater protective effect for males and the elderly population.

Oxidative balance score and the potential for suffering rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Objective

Our study was conducted to explore the link between oxidative balance score (OBS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

A total of 21,415 participants were included in our research from five cycles (2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2017-2018, and 2017-2020) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Moreover, 20 elements related to diet as well as lifestyle were combined to calculate OBS. The relationship between OBS and RA was assessed by employing multivariable regression analysis, and further exploration was carried out through subgroup analysis, restricted cubic spline analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Multiple covariates were selected to adjust the model for more robust results.

Results

In our cross-sectional study, a higher OBS has a protective effect on the development of RA (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97 to 0.99). In contrast to individuals aged ≥60, the result is more prominent in the population aged 20-60 (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.98). Marital status appears to introduce interference in the relationship between OBS and RA, and unmarried individuals exhibited different outcomes (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.04) compared to others. The positive influence of OBS was more evident in patients with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, while it was stronger in individuals without diabetes and liver disease.

Conclusion

A higher OBS correlates with a reduced odd of RA. Further studies are needed to shoot more sights on improving dietary habits and lifestyles to gain proper OBS and explore whether OBS can be one of the measurements utilized to measure the risk of RA.

Correlations between oxidative balance score and female asthma among U.S. adults

In order to explore the association of oxidative balance score (OBS) with female asthma among U.S. adults, we applied multiple logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline, and subgroup analysis using a cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 17,582 female out of the 91,351 participants from 2001 to 2018 in NHANES were enrolled in the analysis and 2,795 female participants had asthma. In three models, the OBS was negatively associated with female asthma incidence with the odds ratios (OR) = 0.99. When comparing the ratio of Q2, Q3, and Q4 of OBS quartiles against the Q1 quartile, the adjusted OR with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were 0.88 (0.75-1.03), 0.84 (0.73-0.97), and 0.82 (0.70-0.96) respectively, with p < 0.01 in the all covariates adjusted models. The restricted cubic splines indicated a linear relationship between OBS and female asthma. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant interaction effects except in the smoke group (p < 0.001), and there was a significant difference in the former smoker with OR 0.97 (0.96-0.99). We observed that there is negative relationship between OBS score and female asthma incidence, which suggests OBS probably is a protective factor for female on-set asthma. According to the subgroup analysis, smoking should be recommended to reduce asthma morbidity.

Effects and Mechanisms of Lutein on Aging and Age-Related Diseases

Aging and age-related diseases are serious public health issues that are receiving growing attention from researchers. Lutein has a critical function in the prevention and management of these issues. Possible mechanisms mainly include suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, regulating cell activity, and modulating the levels of toxic substances. In this narrative review paper, we sum up the most current developments in the study of the effects of lutein on aging and five age-related diseases (age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and osteoporosis), and fundamental mechanisms are reviewed. The bioavailability of lutein and the strategies to improve its bioavailability are discussed. This piece of work can bring a clearer comprehension of the protective effects of lutein against aging and age-related diseases and can be also helpful for developing lutein as functional food and dietary supplements for these age-related diseases.

The association between dietary zinc intake and osteopenia, osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

BACKGROUND

Diet has been shown to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), of which osteoporosis is the most common and important complication, and zinc has been shown to inhibit the inflammatory response, but studies on the relationship between dietary zinc and osteoporosis in patients with RA are limited and inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between dietary zinc intake and osteoporosis or osteopenia in patients with RA.

METHODS

Data on RA patients were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 to 2010, 2013 to 2014, and 2017 to 2020. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore the association between dietary zinc intake and osteoporosis or osteopenia in RA patients. The relationship was further investigated in different age, body mass index (BMI), nonsteroidal use, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension population. All results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS

In total, 905 RA patients aged ≥ 40 years were included. After adjusting all covariates, higher dietary zinc intake was associated with lower odds of osteopenia or osteoporosis (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.18-0.86) in RA patients. The relationship between dietary zinc intake ≥ 19.52 mg and lower odds of osteopenia or osteoporosis were also found in those aged ≥ 60 years (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.16-0.91), BMI normal or underweight (OR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.03-0.84), nonsteroidal use (OR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.02-0.82), dyslipidemia (OR = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.17-0.92), diabetes (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.14-0.95), and hypertension (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.16-0.86).

CONCLUSION

Higher dietary zinc intake was associated with reduced incidence of osteopenia or osteoporosis in patients with RA. Further longitudinal and randomized trials are necessary to validate our findings and explore the underling mechanisms. Adequate dietary zinc intake may beneficial to the bone health in RA patients.

Association between the oxidative balance score and kidney stones in adults

OBJECTIVES

This study was to investigate the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS) and the prevalence of kidney stones in the general adult population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We conducted an analysis using data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) project, including 17,988 participants. The OBS was computed based on previous research, combining 16 dietary factors and 4 lifestyle factors. Multiple logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were utilized to explore the associations between OBS and kidney stone prevalence.

RESULTS

Our analysis included 1,622 adults with kidney stones and 16,366 adults without kidney stones. The average age of participants was 46.86 ± 0.27 years, with 50.72% being male. The median OBS was 22.00 (17.00, 27.00). After adjusting for all covariates, each one-unit increase in OBS was associated with a 3% decrease in kidney stone prevalence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97 [0.96-0.98], P < 0.001). Moreover, compared to the first quartile, the fourth quartile of OBS (OR = 0.65 [0.50-0.84], P = 0.001) exhibited a negative association with kidney stone prevalence after adjusting for multiple variables. Furthermore, we observed a non-linear negative relationship between OBS and kidney stone prevalence, with inflection points at 18.2 (P for nonlinearity = 0.048). Stratified analysis did not identify any variables significantly affecting the results.

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicate that a higher OBS is associated with a decreased prevalence of kidney stones in the general adult population.

Association between oxidative balance score and hearing loss: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database

Aim

The oxidative balance score (OBS), a composite score of dietary nutrients and lifestyles, reflects an individual's oxidative and antioxidant status. Evidence showed that oxidative stress levels were related to hearing loss. The relationship between OBS and hearing loss remains unclear. This study was to explore the association between OBS and hearing loss in adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, data of participants aged 20-69 years who received hearing tests were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2011-2012, 2015-2016). Hearing loss was defined as hearing threshold >25 dB in either ear. The OBS was composed of 16 dietary nutrients and 4 lifestyles. The covariates were screened using the backward stepwise regression analysis. The association of OBS and hearing loss was assessed with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroups of age, gender, occupational noise exposure, recreational noise exposure, firearm noise exposure, and veteran status were further evaluated the associations. The importance ranking of OBS components was analyzed by the weighted random forest model.

Results

Of the total 3,557 adults, 338 (9.5%) suffered from hearing loss. High OBS levels were associated with lower odds of hearing loss (OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.41-0.82), after adjusting age, gender, race, hypertension, tinnitus, recreational noise exposure, and occupational noise exposure. Similar results were discovered in individuals aged50-59 years old (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.24-0.93), aged 60-69 years old (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.16-0.61), with female (OR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.20-0.96), without occupational noise exposure (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.16-0.62), recreational noise exposure (OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.30-0.76), firearm noise exposure (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.19-0.77), and veteran status (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.39-0.82). In OBS components, vitamin B12, total fat and physical activity were important for hearing loss.

Conclusion

Elevated OBS may be associated with hearing health in adults. Appropriate vitamin B12 supplementation, reduction of total fat intake, and increased physical activity may be beneficial to the prevention of hearing loss.

The association between oxidative balance score and frailty in adults across a wide age spectrum: NHANES 2007-2018

Background: Frailty has been one of the most serious global public health challenges we will ever face. Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of frailty, and may be accurately reflected by the oxidative balance score (OBS). However, there have been no studies examining the effect of OBS on frailty. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between OBS and frailty and whether there was an interaction between the outcomes. Methods: 22 914 participants aged over 20 years taking part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007-2018 were involved in the study. Sixteen dietary factors and four lifestyle factors were selected to score the OBS. A modified 36-item deficit cumulative frailty index (FI) was used to assess the degree of frailty. The association between OBS and frailty was analyzed using binary logistic regression. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were used to investigate whether this association was stable across populations. Results: A negative association between OBS and the prevalence of frailty was found in this study. There was also an interaction between OBS and age in their association with frailty. High OBS was significantly and negatively associated with the prevalence of frailty in the 20-39 and 40-64 age groups. In addition, higher OBS combined with a population in the 20-39 age group resulted in a stronger negative association with frailty. Conclusion: High OBS was significantly associated with lower odds of frailty. An interaction existed between OBS and age. Individuals, especially in relatively young populations, are advised to increase OBS through greater intake of antioxidant nutrients and healthier lifestyles, thereby reducing the adverse effects of frailty.

Mediation of mitochondrial DNA copy number and oxidative stress in fluoride-related bone mineral density alteration in Chinese farmers

Excessive fluoride can adversely affect bone mineral density (BMD). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are crucial mechanisms of health damage induced by fluoride. Here, a cross-sectional survey involving 907 Chinese farmers (aged 18-60) was carried out in Tongxu County in 2017, aiming to investigate the significance of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and oxidative stress in fluoride-related BMD change. Concentrations of urinary fluoride (UF), serum oxidative stress biomarkers, including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as relative mtDNAcn in peripheral blood were determined. The multivariable linear model and mediation analysis were performed to assess associations between UF, oxidative stress, and relative mtDNAcn with BMD. Results showed that GSH-Px levels increased by 6.98 U/mL [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.41-10.56)] with each 1.0 mg/L increment of UF. After stratification, the T-AOC, relative mtDNAcn, and BMD decreased by 0.04 mmol/L (-0.08 ~ -0.01), 0.29-unit (-0.55 ~ -0.04), and 0.18-unit (-0.33 ~ -0.03) with every 1.0 mg/L elevation of UF in the excessive fluoride group (EFG, adults with UF > 1.6 mg/L), respectively. Furthermore, T-AOC and relative mtDNAcn were favorably related to the BMD in the EFG (β = 0.82, 95%CI 0.16-1.48 for T-AOC; β = 0.11, 95%CI 0.02-0.19 for relative mtDNAcn). Mediation analysis showed that relative mtDNAcn and T-AOC mediated 15.4% and 17.1% of the connection between excessive fluoride and reduced BMD, respectively. Findings suggested that excessive fluoride was related to lower BMD in adults, and the decrement of T-AOC and relative mtDNAcn partially mediate this relationship.

Injectable, anti-collapse, adhesive, plastic and bioactive bone graft substitute promotes bone regeneration by moderating oxidative stress in osteoporotic bone defect

The treatment of osteoporotic bone defect remains a big clinical challenge because osteoporosis (OP) is associated with oxidative stress and high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a condition detrimental for bone formation. Anti-oxidative nanomaterials such as selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have positive effect on osteogenesis owing to their pleiotropic pharmacological activity which can exert anti-oxidative stress functions to prevent bone loss and facilitate bone regeneration in OP. In the current study a strategy of one-pot method by introducing Poly (lactic acid-carbonate) (PDT) and β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) with SeNPs, is developed to prepare an injectable, anti-collapse, shape-adaptive and adhesive bone graft substitute material (PDT-TCP-SE). The PDT-TCP-SE bone graft substitute exhibits sufficient adhesion in biological microenvironments and osteoinductive activity, angiogenic effect and anti-inflammatory as well as anti-oxidative effect in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the PDT-TCP-SE can protect BMSCs from erastin-induced ferroptosis through the Sirt1/Nrf2/GPX4 antioxidant pathway, which, in together, demonstrated the bone graft substitute material as an emerging biomaterial with potential clinical application for the future treatment of osteoporotic bone defect. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Injectable, anti-collapse, adhesive, plastic and bioactive bone graft substitute was successfully synthesized. Incorporation of SeNPs with PDT into β-TCP regenerated new bone in-situ by moderating oxidative stress in osteoporotic bone defects area. The PDT-TCP-SE bone graft substitute reduced high ROS levels in osteoporotic bone defect microenvironment. The bone graft substitute could also moderate oxidative stress and inhibit ferroptosis via Sirt1/Nrf2/GPX4 pathway in vitro. Moreover, the PDT-TCP-SE bone graft substitute could alleviate the inflammatory environment and promote bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defect in vivo. This biomaterial has the advantages of simple synthesis, biocompatibility, anti-collapse, injectable, and regulation of oxidative stress level, which has potential application value in bone tissue engineering.

Association between oxidative balance score and rheumatoid arthritis in female: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

Although oxidative stress is a recognized factor of inflammation, the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS), a biomarker indicating the balance of oxidation and antioxidant, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an immune system disease that tends to occur in women, remains unexplored. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between OBS and RA in women.

METHODS

Observational surveys were performed by employing information extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the period 2007-2018. Various statistical techniques were employed to investigate the association between OBS and RA, encompassing multivariable logistic regression analysis, subgroup analyses, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis.

RESULTS

The study included 8219 female participants, including 597 patients with RA. The results showed that higher Total OBS (TOBS) significantly correlated with lower RA prevalence in the entirely modified model [odd ratio (OR) = 0.968; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.952 to 0.984; P = 0.0001]. Dietary OBS (DOBS) and lifestyle OBS (LOBS) also negatively correlated with RA. This association was remarkably consistent across TOBS subgroups by age, race, education level, family poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), hypertension and diabetes. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis also revealed the linear relationship between OBS and RA.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, OBS was negatively associated with RA in female. This study suggested that an antioxidant diet and lifestyle may be promising measures to prevent RA in female.

Association between oxidative balance score and sarcopenia in older adults

Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disease in which oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the primary markers. The oxidative balance score (OBS) represents the oxidative balance of a person's dietary pattern using the merged intake of anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants. Therefore, the present study assessed the association between OBS and sarcopenia in Iranian older adults. In the current study, 80 people with sarcopenia and 80 without it were considered the case and control groups, respectively. All controls were matched by sex with cases. To confirm sarcopenia, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength (HGS) measurement, and gait speed were used. Also, body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess all participants' dietary intake of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. Conditional logistic regression was applied to assess the association between OBS and sarcopenia. In the bivariate model, we observed lower odds of sarcopenia in the second and last tertile of OBS in comparison to the first tertile (T) (T2 - odds ratio (OR) = 0.414, 95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.186-0.918 and T3 - OR = 0.101, 95% CI: 0.041-0.248). After adjusting for potential confounders, the association was not significant in second and last tertile of OBS in comparision to the first one. The present study's findings demonstrated that overcoming exposure to anti-oxidants over pro-oxidants, as illustrated by a higher OBS, is not related to lower odds of sarcopenia in older adults.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of isoorientin in the treatment of osteoporosis: a study using network pharmacology and experimental validation

BACKGROUND

Isoorientin (ISO) is a glycosylated flavonoid with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, its effects on bone metabolism remain largely unknown.

METHODS

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ISO on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in vitro and bone loss in post-ovariectomy (OVX) rats, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanism. First, network pharmacology analysis indicated that MAPK1 and AKT1 may be potential therapeutic targets of ISO and that ISO has potential regulatory effects on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathways, as well as oxidative stress. ISO was added to RAW264.7 cells stimulated by RANKL, and its effects on osteoclast differentiation were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TRAP activity measurement, and F-actin ring analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in osteoclasts was detected using a ROS assay kit. The effects of ISO on RANKL-triggered molecular cascade response were further investigated by Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the therapeutic effects of ISO were evaluated in vivo.

RESULTS

ISO inhibited osteoclastogenesis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ISO downregulated the expression of the main transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathways. Moreover, ISO exhibited protective effects in OVX-induced bone loss rats. This was consistent with the results derived from network pharmacology.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic utility of ISO in the management of osteoclast-associated bone diseases, including osteoporosis.

Associations of dietary oxidative balance score with femur osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

We used data from the NHANES to explore associations of DOBS with femur BMD and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. We found that DOBS was positively associated with femur BMD and negatively associated with the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

PURPOSE

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary oxidative balance score (DOBS) and the risk of osteoporosis in American postmenopausal women.

METHODS

A total of 3043 participants were included in this study. The linear relationship between DOBS and femur BMD was evaluated using a weighted multivariate linear regression model. The association between DOBS and the risk of osteoporosis was assessed using a weighted logistic regression model, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated. Moreover, the relationship was further characterized through smooth curve fitting (SCF) and weighted generalized additive model (GAM) analysis.

RESULTS

After adjusting for all covariates, the weighted multivariable linear regression models showed a positive correlation between DOBS and femur BMD. Moreover, the weighted logistic regression model demonstrated that compared to the first tertile of DOBS, the highest tertile of DOBS was significantly associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis, with ORs of 0.418 (95% CI, 0.334, 0.522) for individuals under the age of 70 and 0.632 (95% CI, 0.506, 0.790) for individuals aged 70 or above. Similar trends were also observed in SCF and GAM models.

CONCLUSION

The present study indicated that postmenopausal women with a higher DOBS have a lower risk of femur osteoporosis. This finding may highlight the potential protective role of an antioxidant-rich diet for the bones of the postmenopausal population. Moreover, DOBS may also be a valuable tool in identifying individuals with osteoporosis. Screening and early intervention for osteoporosis may be essential for postmenopausal women with low DOBS.

Association of oxidative balance score with sleep quality: NHANES 2007-2014

BACKGROUND

Oxidative stress is correlated with sleep quality. A common tool for evaluating dietary and lifestyle exposures to oxidative stress is the Oxidative Balance Score (OBS), with higher OBS suggesting more substantial antioxidant exposures. The relationship between OBS and sleep quality is unclear. Investigating the association between OBS and sleep quality was the purpose of this study.

METHODS

To figure out the relationship between OBS and sleep quality, we utilized weighted linear models and weighted logistic regression. Adjusted models were also examined.

RESULTS

6300 participants who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2014 were recruited. OBS was negatively associated with sleep disorder (OR: 0.97; 95 % CI: 0.94-0.99), and positively associated with sleep duration (MD: 0.02; 95%CI: 0.01-0.03). Within the range of OBS > 24, each unit increase in OBS will result in a 40 % reduction in sleep disorder, and a 26 % increasement in sleep duration after adjustment (all P for trend <0.05). Dietary and lifestyle components were closely related to sleep quality independently. The relationship between OBS and sleep quality was prominent in the female population under 50 years of age. After stratification by education level, this relationship persisted.

LIMITATION

This research was cross-sectional design, and it was not possible to deduce causality.

CONCLUSION

Diet and lifestyle might influence sleep quality by modulating oxidative balance. Antioxidant diets and lifestyles were important in reducing sleep problems and our study also provided new ideas for improving sleep quality.

Associations of oxidative balance score and visceral adiposity index with risk of ischaemic heart disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 2005-2018

OBJECTIVE

Evidence on the association of oxidative balance score (OBS) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is limited. We aimed to explore the association of OBS and VAI with risk of IHD, and then examined their potential interactive effects.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

SETTING

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 27 867 individuals aged more than 20 years were included in this study.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES

Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the associations of OBS and VAI with risk of IHD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart attack and angina pectoris.

RESULTS

Compared with those in the first quintile, participants with highest quintile of OBS had decreased risk of IHD (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.69), CHD (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.80), heart attack (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.66) and angina pectoris (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.82); meanwhile, those with highest quintile of VAI had increased risk of IHD (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.74), CHD (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.67), heart attack (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.94) and angina pectoris (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.87). Furthermore, we observed a stronger association between OBS and risk of IHD among participants with VAI ≥1.73 (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.62).

CONCLUSION

Our study found the negative association between OBS and risk of IHD, and positive association between VAI and risk of IHD. In addition, we found the interactive effects between VAI and OBS on the risk of IHD, underlining the importance of OBS in IHD prevention among participants with high VAI level.

Punicalagin attenuates TNF-α-induced oxidative damage and promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

Oxidative stress is one of the most important factors in changing bone homeostasis. Redox homeostasis plays a key role in the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the angiogenesis ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for bone regeneration. Currently, this study assessed the effects of punicalagin (PUN) on BMSCs and HUVECs. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. A flow cytometry analysis was adopted to detect macrophage polarization. The production of reactive oxygen stress (ROS), glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated by using commercially-available kits. Osteogenic capacity of BMSCs was evaluated by ALP activity, ALP staining and ARS staining. The expression of osteogenic-related proteins (OCN, Runx-2, OPN) and Nrf/HO-1 levles were evaluated by Western blotting. Osteogenic-related genes (Osterix, COL-1, BMP-4, ALP) were evaluated by RT-PCR. Migration ability and invasion ability of HUVECs were evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Angiogenic ability was detected by tube formation assay and the expression of angiogenic-related genes (VEGF, vWF, CD31) were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results showed that PUN alleviated oxidative stress by TNF-α, enhanced osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs and angiogenesis in HUVECs. Moreover, PUN regulate immune microenvironment by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages and reduce the oxidative stress related products by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Altogether, these results suggested that PUN can promote osteogenic capacity of BMSCs, angiogenesis of HUVECs, alleviate oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, offering PUN as a novel antioxidant agent for treating bone loss diseases.

Gender-specific effects of oxidative balance score on the prevalence of diabetes in the US population from NHANES

Background

The relationship between oxidative balance score (OBS) and diabetes remains poorly understood and may be gender-specific. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the complex association between OBS and diabetes among US adults.

Methods

Overall, 5,233 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. The exposure variable was OBS, composed of scores for 20 dietary and lifestyle factors. Multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were applied to examine the relationship between OBS and diabetes.

Results

Compared to the lowest OBS quartile group (Q1), the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest OBS quartile group (Q4) was 0.602 (0.372-0.974) (p for trend = 0.007), and for the highest lifestyle, the OBS quartile group was 0.386 (0.223-0.667) (p for trend < 0.001). Moreover, gender effects were found between OBS and diabetes (p for interaction = 0.044). RCS showed an inverted-U relationship between OBS and diabetes in women (p for non-linear = 6e-04) and a linear relationship between OBS and diabetes in men.

Conclusions

In summary, high OBS was negatively associated with diabetes risk in a gender-dependent manner.

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Osteoporosis: Molecular Mechanisms Involved and the Relationship with microRNAs

Osteoporosis is characterized by the alteration of bone homeostasis due to an imbalance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Estrogen deficiency causes bone loss and postmenopausal osteoporosis, the pathogenesis of which also involves oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and the dysregulation of the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) that control gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Oxidative stress, due to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory mediators and altered levels of miRNAs enhance osteoclastogenesis and reduce osteoblastogenesis through mechanisms involving the activation of MAPK and transcription factors. The present review summarizes the principal molecular mechanisms involved in the role of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines on osteoporosis. Moreover, it highlights the interplay among altered miRNA levels, oxidative stress, and an inflammatory state. In fact, ROS, by activating the transcriptional factors, can affect miRNA expression, and miRNAs can regulate ROS production and inflammatory processes. Therefore, the present review should help in identifying targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches to osteoporotic treatment and improve the quality of life of patients.

Anti-Postmenopausal osteoporosis effects of Isopsoralen: A bioinformatics-integrated experimental study

Isopsoralen (IPRN), which comes from the fruit of Psoralea corylifolia, has been identified as a kind of phytoestrogen and has been proven to be effective for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP). However, the mechanisms underlying IPRN's anti-OP effects, especially the anti-postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) effects, remain indistinct. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of IPRN's anti-PMOP activity. In this study, the bioinformatics results predicted that IPRN could resist PMOP by targeting EGFR, AKT1, SRC, CCND1, ESR1 (ER-α), AR, PGR, BRCA1, PTGS2, and IGF1R. An ovariectomized (OVX) mice model and a H₂ O₂ -induced bone marrow mesenchyml stem cells (BMSCs) model confirmed that IPRN could inhibit the bone loss induced by OVX in mice and promote the osteogenic differentiation in H₂ O₂ -induced BMSCs by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Moreover, IPRN could significantly produce the above effects by upregulating ESR1. IPRN might be a therapeutic agent for PMOP by acting as an estrogen replacement agent and a natural antioxidant.

Morinda officinalis polysaccharide attenuates osteoporosis in rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy by suppressing the PGC-1α/PPARγ pathway

OBJECTIVE

Osteoporosis (OP) is a widespread disease that causes risks of spine and hip fractures. Morinda officinalis polysaccharide (MOP) shows therapeutic potential in OP. This article intended to understand the mechanism by which MOP impacts bone mineral density (BMD) and serum trace elements in OP rats.

METHODS

OP rat models were established by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). Rats were intragastrically administered with MOP or ZLN005 [the activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)] since the first day after operation for 8 weeks. Microstructural changes in OP rats were analyzed using micro-computed tomography system. Contents of serum Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mg in rats were measured. Levels of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), GSH, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein levels of PGC-1α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in cartilage tissues of rats were determined via Western blotting.

RESULTS

MOP enhanced BMD, bone volume per trabecular volume (BV/TV), Tb.N, and Tb.Th and reduced Tb.Sp in the distal femur of OVX rats, elevated levels of serum Cu, Fe, and Mg and contents of SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX and decreased MDA content. Moreover, MOP suppressed the PGC-1α/PPARγ pathway. Activation of PGC-1α partially abolished the action of MOP on ameliorating OP in OVX rats and strengthening anti-oxidation ability.

CONCLUSION

MOP mitigated OP in OVX rats by inhibiting the PGC-1α/PPARγ pathway.

α-Carotene: a valuable carotenoid in biological and medical research

α-Carotene, one of the C₄₀ carotenes, is a natural lipid-soluble terpene. The chemical structure of α-carotene is based on the unsaturated polyene chain skeleton, with an ε-ring and a β-ring on each side of the skeleton. α-Carotene is widely found in dietary fruits and vegetables, and the concentration depends on the plant species. In addition, processing methods and storage conditions used in the food and medical industries can alter the concentration of α-carotene in raw materials. This review of α-carotene summarizes the major studies on chemical structure, source, extraction, detection, biosynthesis, processing effect, bioactivity, medicine, and biotechnology. Whether α-carotene supplementation or a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has a positive effect on the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases is the focus of this study. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

A peptide from wheat germ abolishes the senile osteoporosis by regulating OPG/RANKL/RANK/TRAF6 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND

Oxidative stress played a key role in the development of bone brittleness and is an important pathogenic factor of senile osteoporosis. A variety of animal and plant-derived peptides have been shown to have significant anti-osteoporosis effects in vivo and in vitro.

PURPOSE

In this study, we aim to explore the possible mechanism of wheat germ peptide ADWGGPLPH on senile osteoporosis.

STUDY DESIGN

Naturally, aged rats were used as animal models of senile osteoporosis.

METHODS

Wheat germ peptide ADWGGPLPH was administered from 9-months-old to 21-months-old, and the effect of ADWGGPLPH on preventing senile osteoporosis was evaluated by measuring serum biochemical indexes, bone histomorphometry, bone biomechanics, and other indexes to elucidate the mechanism of ADWGGPLPH in delaying senile osteoporosis by detecting the expression of osteoporosis-related proteins.

RESULTS

The results showed that ADWGGPLPH could effectively reduce the level of oxidative stress and improve the microstructure and bone mineral density in senile osteoporosis rats. In addition, ADWGGPLPH could improve the proliferation and differentiation activity of osteoblasts and effectively inhibit osteoclasts' differentiation by regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK/TRAF6 pathway.

CONCLUSION

ADWGGPLPH from wheat germ exhibited a notably effect on senile osteoporosis and has a high potential in the development of the nutrient regimen to against senile osteoporosis.

Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and postmenopausal osteoporosis: Mechanisms and applications

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) results from a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration in bone tissue due to estrogen deficiency, which may increase the incidence of fragility fractures. The number of people suffering from PMO has increased over the years because of the rapidly aging population worldwide. However, several pharmacological agents for the treatment of PMO have many safety risks and impose a heavy financial burden to patients and society. In recent years, the "gut-bone" axis has been proposed as a new approach in the prevention and treatment of PMO. This paper reviews the relationship between the gut microbiota and PMO, which mainly includes the underlying mechanisms between hormones, immunity, nutrient metabolism, metabolites of the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability, and explores the possible role of the gut microbiota in these processes. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic effects of diet, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation on the gut microbiota.

Three Classes of Antioxidant Defense Systems and the Development of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common bone imbalance disease that threatens the health of postmenopausal women. Estrogen deficiency accelerates the aging of women. Oxidative stress damage is regarded as the main pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the bone microenvironment plays a role in osteoblast and osteoclast apoptosis. Improving the oxidative state is essential for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. There are three classes of antioxidant defense systems in the body to eliminate free radicals and peroxides including antioxidant substances, antioxidant enzymes, and repair enzymes. In our review, we demonstrated the mechanism of antioxidants and their effect on bone metabolism in detail. We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Since the current therapeutic effects of targeting bone cells are not significant, improving the systemic peroxidation state and then regulating bone homeostasis will be a new method for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Association between the Oxidative Balance Score and Telomere Length from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002

Purpose. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an important biomarker of aging. The oxidative balance score (OBS) is used to assess the oxidative stress-related exposures of diet and lifestyle. This study is aimed at exploring if the OBS was associated with LTL. Methods. 3220 adults were included in this study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. LTL was assayed from leukocyte DNA. Twenty dietary and lifestyle factors were selected to score the OBS. Survey-based multivariable linear regression was conducted to assess the association between the OBS and log-transformed LTL. Results. The association between the OBS and log-transformed LTL was positive in females but not males. For females, compared with the lowest OBS category as a reference, the multivariable-adjusted beta estimate (95% confidence interval, CI) for the highest OBS category was 0.0701 (0.0205–0.1197) ( $p$ for $\text{trend}<0.01$ ), and the multivariable-adjusted beta estimate (95% CI) of the continuous OBS was 0.0039 (0.0014–0.0065). There was also the gender difference in the correlations of the dietary OBS and the lifestyle OBS with log-transformed LTL. Conclusion. There was a positive association between the OBS and LTL in females. This result suggested that diet and lifestyle might affect LTL by regulating oxidative balance.