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Wei M, Yi P, Huang B, Naz S, Ge C, Shu-Chien AC, Wang Z, Wu X. Insights into sequence characteristics and evolutionary history of DGATs in arthropods. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101195. [PMID: 38266530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is crucial in animal energy storage and membrane biogenesis. The conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to triacylglycerol (TAG) is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes (DGATs), which are encoded by genes belonging to two distinct gene families. Although arthropods are known to possess DGATs activities and utilize the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway and MAG pathway for TAG biosynthesis, the sequence characterization and evolutionary history of DGATs in arthropods remains unclear. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate genomic analyses of DGATs in 13 arthropod species and 14 outgroup species. We found that arthropods lack SOAT2 genes within the DGAT1 family, while DGAT2, MOGAT3, AWAT1, and AWAT2 were absent from in DGAT2 family. Gene structure and phylogenetic analyses revealed that DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes come from different gene families. The expression patterns of these genes were further analyzed in crustaceans, demonstrating the importance of DGAT1 in TAG biosynthesis. Additionally, we identified the DGAT1 gene in Swimming crab (P. trituberculatus) undergoes a mutually exclusive alternative splicing event in the molt stages. Our newly determined DGAT inventory data provide a more complete scenario and insights into the evolutionary dynamics and functional diversification of DGATs in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolei Wei
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Peng Yi
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Baoyou Huang
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Saira Naz
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chutian Ge
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Center for Chemical Biology, University Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zongji Wang
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Xugan Wu
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Capanni F, Greco S, Tomasi N, Giulianini PG, Manfrin C. Orally administered nano-polystyrene caused vitellogenin alteration and oxidative stress in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:147984. [PMID: 34118657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (≤100 nm) represent the smallest fraction of plastic litter and may result in the aquatic environment as degradation products of larger plastic material. To date, few studies focused on the interactions of micro- and nanoplastics with freshwater Decapoda. The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard, 1852) is an invasive species able to tolerate highly perturbed environments. As a benthic opportunistic feeder, this species may be susceptible to plastic ingestion. In this study, adult P. clarkii, at intermolt stage, were exposed to 100 μg of 100 nm carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) through diet in a 72 h acute toxicity test. An integrated approach was conceived to assess the biological effects of PS NPs, by analyzing both transcriptomic and physiological responses. Total hemocyte counts, basal and total phenoloxidase activities, glycemia and total protein concentration were investigated in crayfish hemolymph at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h from PS NPs administration to evaluate general stress response over time. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hemocytes and hepatopancreas were analyzed to ascertain the response of crayfish to PS NP challenge after 72 h. At a physiological level, crayfish were able to compensate for the induced stress, not exceeding generic stress thresholds. The RNA-Sequencing analysis revealed the altered expression of few genes involved in immune response, oxidative stress, gene transcription and translation, protein degradation, lipid metabolism, oxygen demand, and reproduction after PS NPs exposure. This study suggests that a low concentration of PS NPs may induce mild stress in crayfish, and sheds light on molecular pathways possibly involved in nanoplastic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capanni
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Samuele Greco
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Noemi Tomasi
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Piero G Giulianini
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Chiara Manfrin
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Yu H, Zhao Z, Yu X, Li J, Lu C, Yang R. Bovine lipid metabolism related gene GPAM: Molecular characterization, function identification, and association analysis with fat deposition traits. Gene 2017; 609:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alves-Bezerra M, Ramos IB, De Paula IF, Maya-Monteiro CM, Klett EL, Coleman RA, Gondim KC. Deficiency of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 decreases triacylglycerol storage and induces fatty acid oxidation in insect fat body. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:324-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gonzalez-Baro MR, Coleman RA. Mitochondrial acyltransferases and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:49-55. [PMID: 27377347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the synthesis and remodeling of mitochondrial phospholipids remains incomplete. Two isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT1 and 2) and two isoforms of acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT4 and 5) are located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, suggesting that both lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid are synthesized in situ for de novo glycerolipid biosynthesis. However, it is believed that the phosphatidic acid substrate for cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis is produced at the endoplasmic reticulum whereas the phosphatidic acid synthesized in the mitochondria must be transferred to the endoplasmic reticulum before it undergoes additional steps to form the mature phospholipids that are trafficked back to the mitochondria. It is unclear whether mitochondrial phospholipids are remodeled by mitochondrial acyltransferases or whether lysophospholipids must return to the endoplasmic reticulum or to the mitochondrial associated membrane for reesterification. In this review we will focus on the few glycerolipid acyltransferases that are known to be mitochondrial. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Gonzalez-Baro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquımicas de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Triacylglycerol biosynthesis occurs via the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway in the insect Rhodnius prolixus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1462-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cattaneo ER, Pellon-Maison M, Rabassa ME, Lacunza E, Coleman RA, Gonzalez-Baro MR. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-2 is expressed in spermatic germ cells and incorporates arachidonic acid into triacylglycerols. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42986. [PMID: 22905194 PMCID: PMC3414494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo glycerolipid synthesis begins with the acylation of glycerol-3 phosphate catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). In mammals, at least four GPAT isoforms have been described, differing in their cell and tissue locations and sensitivity to sulfhydryl reagents. In this work we show that mitochondrial GPAT2 overexpression in CHO-K1 cells increased TAG content and both GPAT and AGPAT activities 2-fold with arachidonoyl-CoA as a substrate, indicating specificity for this fatty acid. METHODS AND RESULTS Incubation of GPAT2-transfected CHO-K1 cells with [1-(14)C]arachidonate for 3 h increased incorporation of [(14)C]arachidonate into TAG by 40%. Consistently, arachidonic acid was present in the TAG fraction of cells that overexpressed GPAT2, but not in control cells, corroborating GPAT2's role in synthesizing TAG that is rich in arachidonic acid. In rat and mouse testis, Gpat2 mRNA was expressed only in primary spermatocytes; the protein was also detected in late stages of spermatogenesis. During rat sexual maturation, both the testicular TAG content and the arachidonic acid content in the TAG fraction peaked at 30 d, matching the highest expression of Gpat2 mRNA and protein. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that GPAT2 expression is linked to arachidonoyl-CoA incorporation into TAG in spermatogenic germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Cattaneo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas – Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Magali Pellon-Maison
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas – Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martin E. Rabassa
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lacunza
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rosalind A. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maria R. Gonzalez-Baro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas – Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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