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Coleman DN, Murphy KD, Relling AE. Prepartum fatty acid supplementation in sheep. II. Supplementation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid during late gestation alters the fatty acid profile of plasma, colostrum, milk and adipose tissue, and increases lipogenic gene expression of adipose tissue. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1181-1204. [PMID: 29365116 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to establish whether feeding a source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to ewes during late gestation changes the fatty acid profile of colostrum, milk, ewe adipose tissue, and plasma and subsequently lamb plasma and red blood cells (RBC), and 2) to investigate the effects of EPA and DHA on mRNA expression in ewe adipose tissue. Eighty-four gestating ewes (28 pens, three per pen) were blocked by lambing day and assigned to a diet with an addition of fat at 0.39% of the DM during the last 50 d of gestation using Ca salts of a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) high in palmitic and oleic acids or EPA + DHA. Blood samples were taken from ewes on days 20, 1 (parturition), and 30 and from lambs on days 1 and 30 for plasma fatty acid analysis. Fatty analysis of lamb RBC was performed on day 1. Colostrum samples were taken at lambing and milk samples on day 30 for fatty acid analysis. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken from one ewe per pen on day 20 for fatty acid analysis and gene expression analysis of 27 genes. Treatment × day interactions (P < 0.10) were observed for several isomers of C18:1, with concentrations that were greater in plasma of EPA + DHA ewes on day 20, but were not different on day 1 or 30. Plasma concentrations of EPA tended to be greater (P = 0.07), whereas DHA was greater (P < 0.001) in EPA + DHA ewes compared with PFAD ewes. There was no difference in EPA or DHA in adipose tissue with EPA + DHA vs. PFAD supplementation (P > 0.10). Concentrations of fatty acids with 6 to 10 carbons were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in colostrum and milk of EPA + DHA ewes. There was a treatment × day interaction with EPA + DHA ewes yielding greater EPA (P = 0.03) and DHA (P = 0.04) concentrations than PFAD in colostrum, but not in milk. Treatment × day interactions (P < 0.05) were observed for several C18:1 isomers with concentrations that were greater in EPA + DHA ewe colostrum, but were not different between treatments in milk. In lamb plasma and RBC, EPA and DHA were not different between treatments (P > 0.10). The expression of fatty acid synthase and leptin was significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 tended to be increased (P = 0.08) by supplementation of EPA + DHA vs. PFAD. These results suggest that supplementation with EPA and DHA to ewes during late gestation alters the fatty acid profile of plasma, colostrum, and milk and may increase lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Nicole Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), Wooster, OH
| | | | - Alejandro E Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), Wooster, OH
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Dai YJ, Liu WB, Li XF, Zhou M, Xu C, Qian Y, Jiang GZ. Molecular cloning of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) gene from blunt snout bream and its expression after LPS-induced TNF-α factor. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1143-1157. [PMID: 29705966 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to clone the full-length cDNA of adipose triglyceridelipase (ATGL) and to analyze its expression after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The cDNA obtained covered 1801 bp with an open reading frame of 1500 bp encoding 499 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis show the best identity with Cyprinus carpio (86%). The ATGL protein shared a highly conserved 169-amino acid patatin domain, containing a glycine-rich motif, an active serine hydrolase motif, and an aspartic active site. The highest ATGL expression was observed in the liver followed by muscle, whereas relatively low values were detected in the brain and adipose. TNF-α is regarded as an important factor in regulating fat metabolism. Here, LPS was used to induce TNF-α in vivo to verify whether TNF-α can affect ATGL expression. TNF-α expression in liver and muscle is increased and remains unchanged in adipose tissue and brain. The variation of ATGL activity is consistent with that of TNF-α gene expression. Next, we explored the mechanism by which LPS-induced TNF-α mediates the mRNA expression of ATGL in the liver and muscle. For liver, the mRNA levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were increased by LPS-induced TNF-α. Differencing from the situation in the liver, there was a near-significant decrease trend in the expression of SIRT1 in muscle. Those results indicated that the ATGL gene of blunt snout bream shared a high similarity with the other vertebrates. The expression level of ATGL in tissues with high-fat content was intended to be high. LPS can induce ATGL expression perhaps related to TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Ahn J, Wu H, Suh Y, Carranza AC, Relling AE, Shin S, Lee SS, Lee K. Comparative sequence analysis and adipose-specific expression of G0S2 and ATGL in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ponnampalam EN, Lewandowski PA, Fahri FT, Burnett VF, Dunshea FR, Plozza T, Jacobs JL. Forms of n-3 (ALA, C18:3n-3 or DHA, C22:6n-3) Fatty Acids Affect Carcass Yield, Blood Lipids, Muscle n-3 Fatty Acids and Liver Gene Expression in Lambs. Lipids 2015; 50:1133-43. [PMID: 26395388 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of supplementing diets with n-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on plasma metabolites, carcass yield, muscle n-3 fatty acids and liver messenger RNA (mRNA) in lambs were investigated. Lambs (n = 120) were stratified to 12 groups based on body weight (35 ± 3.1 kg), and within groups randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: basal diet (BAS), BAS with 10.7 % flaxseed supplement (Flax), BAS with 1.8 % algae supplement (DHA), BAS with Flax and DHA (FlaxDHA). Lambs were fed for 56 days. Blood samples were collected on day 0 and day 56, and plasma analysed for insulin and lipids. Lambs were slaughtered, and carcass traits measured. At 30 min and 24 h, liver and muscle samples, respectively, were collected for determination of mRNA (FADS1, FADS2, CPT1A, ACOX1) and fatty acid composition. Lambs fed Flax had higher plasma triacylglycerol, body weight, body fat and carcass yield compared with the BAS group (P < 0.001). DHA supplementation increased carcass yield and muscle DHA while lowering plasma insulin compared with the BAS diet (P < 0.01). Flax treatment increased (P < 0.001) muscle ALA concentration, while DHA treatment increased (P < 0.001) muscle DHA concentration. Liver mRNA FADS2 was higher and CPT1A lower in the DHA group (P < 0.05). The FlaxDHA diet had additive effects, including higher FADS1 and ACOX1 mRNA than for the Flax or DHA diet. In summary, supplementation with ALA or DHA modulated plasma metabolites, muscle DHA, body fat and liver gene expression differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Ponnampalam
- Agriculture Research and Development, DEDJTR, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia. .,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul A Lewandowski
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Fahri T Fahri
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Viv F Burnett
- Agriculture Research and Development, DEDJTR, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Tim Plozza
- Agriculture Research and Development, DEDJTR, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Agriculture Research and Development, DEDJTR, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Ebrahimi M, Rajion MA, Goh YM. Effects of oils rich in linoleic and α-linolenic acids on fatty acid profile and gene expression in goat meat. Nutrients 2014; 6:3913-28. [PMID: 25255382 PMCID: PMC4179195 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of foods can result in a healthier product. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flaxseed oil or sunflower oil in the goat diet on fatty acid composition of muscle and expression of lipogenic genes in the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. Twenty-one entire male Boer kid goats were fed diets containing different levels of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) for 100 days. Inclusion of flaxseed oil increased (p < 0.05) the α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) concentration in the ST muscle. The diet high in α-linolenic acid (p < 0.05) decreased the arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) c-9 t-11 content in the ST muscle. There was a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of PPARα and PPARγ gene expression and downregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene in the ST muscle for the high α-linolenic acid group compared with the low α-linolenic acid group. The results of the present study show that flaxseed oil as a source of α-linolenic acid can be incorporated into the diets of goats to enrich goat meat with n-3 fatty acids, upregulate the PPARα and PPARγ, and downregulate the SCD gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Ali Rajion
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
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Moisá SJ, Shike DW, Faulkner DB, Meteer WT, Keisler D, Loor JJ. Central Role of the PPARγ Gene Network in Coordinating Beef Cattle Intramuscular Adipogenesis in Response to Weaning Age and Nutrition. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:17-32. [PMID: 24516329 PMCID: PMC3894150 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s11782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenic/lipogenic transcriptional networks regulating intramuscular fat deposition (IMF) in response to weaning age and dietary starch level were studied. The longissimus muscle (LM) of beef steers on an early weaning (141 days age) plus high-starch diet (EWS) or a normal weaning (NW, 222 days age) plus starch creep-feed diet (CFS) was biopsied at 0 (EW), 25, 50, 96 (NW), 167, and 222 (pre-slaughter) days. Expression patterns of 35 target genes were studied. From NW through slaughter, all steers received the same high-starch diet. In EWS steers the expression of PPARG, other adipogenic (CEBPA, ZFP423) and lipogenic (THRSP, SREBF1, INSIG1) activators, and several enzymes (FASN, SCD, ELOVL6, PCK1, DGAT2) that participate in the process of IMF increased gradually to a peak between 96 and 167 days on treatment. Steers in NW did not achieve similar expression levels even by 222 days on treatment, suggesting a blunted response even when fed a high-starch diet after weaning. High-starch feeding at an early age (EWS) triggers precocious and sustained adipogenesis, resulting in greater marbling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia J Moisá
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel W Shike
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Dan B Faulkner
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - William T Meteer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Duane Keisler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. ; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. ; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Differential Expressions of G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 and Comparative Gene Identification-58 are Associated with Fat Content in Bovine Muscle. Lipids 2013; 49:1-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kim TN, Won JC, Kim YJ, Lee EJ, Kim MK, Park MS, Lee SK, Kim JM, Ko KS, Rhee BD. Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein levels are independently associated with sarcopenic obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 101:210-7. [PMID: 23830287 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) plays a key role in obesity-related insulin resistance and inflammation which may be involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity (SO). This study examined the association of SO with serum A-FABP levels in Korean adults. METHODS Two hundred ninety eight adults aged 20-70 years were examined using dual X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography and measuring serum A-FABP levels. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by weight (%) of <1 SD below the mean values of young adults in both sexes. Obesity was defined as visceral fat area (VFA) ≥ 100 cm(2). RESULTS Serum A-FABP levels were higher in groups with SO compared to non-SO groups in both men and women. In the unadjusted model, serum A-FABP levels were positively associated with VFA and negatively associated with ASM/weight. Even after adjusting for possible confounding factors, ASM/weight was found to be independently and negatively associated with serum A-FABP levels. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that increased serum levels of A-FABP were independently associated with the presence of SO. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that serum A-FABP levels may be valuable markers of the presence of SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Nyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundaen-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Costa ASH, Silva MP, Alfaia CPM, Pires VMR, Fontes CMGA, Bessa RJB, Prates JAM. Genetic background and diet impact beef fatty acid composition and stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA expression. Lipids 2013; 48:369-81. [PMID: 23467818 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The intramuscular fat composition of ruminant meats influences the quality of the final product, which explains the increasing interest in assessing the fatty acid profile of meat from different production systems. In this study, it was hypothesized that there are breed- and diet-induced variations on lipid metabolism in the muscle, which may be, at least partially, modulated by the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression levels. Forty purebred young bulls from two phylogenetically distant autochthonous cattle breeds, Alentejana and Barrosã (n = 20 for each breed), were assigned to two different diets (low vs. high silage) and slaughtered at 18 months of age. Meat fatty acid composition, including the detailed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric profile, was determined along with the SCD mRNA levels. Meat from Barrosã bulls fed the low silage diet was richer in monounsaturated fatty acids, CLA and trans fatty acids, when compared to that from Alentejana bulls. The meat content in polyunsaturated fatty acids was similar across experimental groups. Moderate positive correlations between the SCD mRNA levels and the products of this enzyme activity were found, although they were not reflected on the calculated desaturase indices. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of taking into account the genetic background while devising feeding strategies to manipulate beef fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S H Costa
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
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Recent developments in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods. Animal 2013; 7 Suppl 1:132-62. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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cDNA Cloning and Characterization of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Gene in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora). DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:461-8. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids Significantly Suppress Lipogenesis in Bovine Muscle and Adipose Tissue: A Functional Genomics Approach. Lipids 2011; 46:557-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ayres D, Souza F, Mercadante M, Fonseca L, Tonhati H, Cyrillo J, Bonilha S, Albuquerque L. Evaluation of TFAM and FABP4 gene polymorphisms in three lines of Nellore cattle selected for growth. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:2050-9. [DOI: 10.4238/vol9-4gmr850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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