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Dörper A, Berman HM, Gort G, van Harn J, Dicke M, Veldkamp T. Effects of different black soldier fly larvae products on slow-growing broiler performance and carcass characteristics. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103481. [PMID: 38340663 PMCID: PMC10869907 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae have gained significant attention as ingredients for poultry feed to improve value chain circularity and sustainability. Black soldier fly larvae contain bioactive compounds which can potentially improve broiler health and thereby performance. However, the functionality of bioactive compounds likely depends on how larvae are processed prior to feeding and to which extent larvae products are included in the diet. This may explain the variable results reported in literature on broiler performance and carcass characteristics when feeding them different types of BSF larvae products at different inclusion levels. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the effects of different BSF larvae products and inclusion levels in diets on performance and carcass characteristics of slow-growing broilers. The experiment started with 1,728 one-day-old slow-growing male broilers (Hubbard JA757). Nine dietary treatments were used, each replicated eight times. One group of broilers was given a control diet. The following BSF larvae products were investigated: live larvae, a combination of BSF larvae meal and oil mimicking the nutritional composition of the live larvae, and BSF larvae meal and oil separately. All insect products were tested at two inclusion levels. All diet programs were nutritionally comparable (isoenergetic and based on balanced levels of digestible essential amino acids). During the 7-wk trial, several performance parameters and carcass characteristics were measured. The results show that comparable or better broiler performance was achieved with the inclusion of BSF larvae products in the diets compared to the control. Based on the feed conversion ratio (FCR), the unprocessed larvae product and the highest inclusion level led to the most favorable results. Carcass characteristics remained unchanged when BSF larvae products were used in the diets compared to the control group, indicating favorable production output. The BSF larvae products investigated seem suitable feed ingredients for broilers at the current levels tested, generating performance benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dörper
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.
| | - Henrieke M Berman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700AH, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Gort
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van Harn
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700AH, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands
| | - Teun Veldkamp
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700AH, the Netherlands
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de Figueiredo Moura JR, Ítavo LCV, Gurgel ALC, Ítavo CCBF, de Nadai Bonin Gomes M, Longhini VZ, Dias AM, Dos Santos Difante G, Dos Santos GT, Arcanjo ÂHM, Chay-Canul AJ. Prediction models of carcass characteristics from non‑castrated Nellore cattle finished in the feedlot system under tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:427. [PMID: 38041713 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to use measures of intake and productive performance to adjust prediction models for the carcass traits of non-castrated Nellore cattle finished in a feedlot. Individual data from 168 non-castrated male Nellore steers finished in feedlot between the years 2016-2021 were used. Descriptive statistical analyzes and Pearson correlation coefficients were performed. The outliers were tested by evaluating the studentized residuals in relation to the values predicted by the equations. Residues that were outside the range of -2.5 to 2.5 were removed. The goodness of fit of the developed equations was evaluated by the coefficients of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Models for carcass yield, subcutaneous fat thickness, ribeye area, and shear force were adjusted. Means of 53.5% carcass yield, 4.8 mm subcutaneous fat thickness, 73 cm2 loin eye area, and 8.1 kg shear force were observed. The observed average intakes were 9.9 kg/day of dry matter, 3.3 kg/day of neutral detergent fiber content, 1.5 kg/day of crude protein, and 7.1 kg/day of total digestible nutrients. The average confinement time was 113 days, the average total weight gain was 152.2 kg and the average daily gain was 1.35 kg/day. Intake measures significantly correlated with shear force and subcutaneous fat thickness and ribeye area. Carcass yield was significantly correlated with total weight gain, feedlot time, and hot carcass weight. Measures of nutrient intake, performance, and confinement time can be used as predictors of carcass yield, ribeye area, fat thickness, and shear force of non-castrated Nellore cattle finished in a feedlot. The prediction equations for ribeye area, carcass yield, subcutaneous fat thickness, and shear force showed sufficient precision and accuracy for non-castrated Nellore cattle finished in confinement systems under tropical conditions. All equations can be used with caution to estimate carcass traits of cattle finished in a feedlot using measures of intake and productive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Rodrigues de Figueiredo Moura
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária. CEP, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária. CEP, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
| | | | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária. CEP, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Marina de Nadai Bonin Gomes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária. CEP, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária. CEP, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária. CEP, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária. CEP, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Geraldo Tadeu Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária. CEP, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Ângelo Herbert Moreira Arcanjo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária. CEP, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidade Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, 86280, México
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Williams GA, Oso AO, Mafimidiwo AN, Olayemi WA, Akinjute OF, Isaque AA, Williams OK, Ogunrombi JO. Nutrient digestibility, gut microflora, carcass yield, and meat microbiology of broilers fed diets supplemented Ethiopian pepper (Xylopia aethiopica), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), and their composite. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:167. [PMID: 37084089 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dietary supplementation of Ethiopian pepper (Xylopia aethiopica) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and their composite on nutrient digestibility, gut microflora, carcass yield, and meat microbiology were investigated in a 52-day boiler feeding trial. Three hundred and sixty unsexed Ross broilers were used for the study. Four experimental diets were formulated for the starter (0-28 days) and finisher (29-56 days) phases: diet 1 was the control without phytogenic supplementation, diet 2 (supplemented with 1% Ethiopian pepper (EP)), diet 3 (supplemented with 1% clove (CL)), and diet 4 (supplemented with 1% mix of equal quantity (0.5% each) of Ethiopian pepper and clove (EPCL)). Each treatment was replicated 6 times with 15 birds per replicate. Nutrient digestibility was determined on days 28 and 56, gut microflora was determined for the small intestine and caecum on day 56, carcass yield, organ weights, and meat microbiology were also determined on day 56. Data obtained were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance using SAS 2000 and significant means were separated using Tukey's test in the same software. At day 28, broilers fed the diet supplemented EPCL had the highest (P < 0.05) dry matter digestibility (DMD, 86.81%) crude protein digestibility (CPD, 71.28%), and ash digestibility (64.24%). Broilers fed EP supplemented diet had reduced (P < 0.05) DMD (70.50%). Increased (P < 0.05) ether extract digestibility (EED) was observed for broilers fed the diet supplemented CL (75.27%) and EPCL (76.43%). Ash digestibility (AD) was lowest (P < 0.05) for broilers fed control diet (50.30%). At day 56, broilers fed the diet supplemented CL and those fed the EPCL supplemented diet had higher (P < 0.05) CPD (78.07%, 79.35%) and EED (70.20%, 71.42%) than other treatments. Ash digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) for broilers fed diet supplemented EPCL (74.60%) than other treatments. Intestinal clostridium count reduced (P < 0.05) and lactobacillus count increased (P < 0.05) in the intestine and caecum of broilers fed the diet supplemented CL and those fed EPCL supplemented diet. Intestinal coliform and salmonella count reduced (P < 0.05) for broilers fed the diet supplemented EP and those fed the EPCL supplemented diet. Dietary supplementation of EPCL resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) body weight (BW, 2551.38 g), dressing percentage (DP, 81.68%), and percentage of breast muscle (20.01%). Supplementation of EP, CL, and EPCL in the diet of broilers resulted in higher (P < 0.05) spleen weight while dietary supplementation of EP and EPCL resulted in higher (P < 0.05) thymus weight. Clostridium count was reduced (P < 0.05) in the meat of broilers fed the diet supplemented CL and EPCL and the lowest (P < 0.05) salmonella count was observed in the meat of broilers fed the diet supplemented with EPCL. In conclusion, the current study reveals that dietary supplementation with EP and CL composite improves nutrient digestibility, gut microflora, and dressing percentage with reduced meat microbial load of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abimbola Oladele Oso
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Wasiu Ajani Olayemi
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Obafemi Foluso Akinjute
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo Adewunmi Isaque
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi Kudirat Williams
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Olumide Ogunrombi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Ogun State, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Ardeshiri H, Chaji M, Khorasani O. Effects of using siris (Albizia lebbeck) foliage in the diet of fattening lambs on nutrient digestibility, blood and rumen parameters, growth performance, and meat quality characteristics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:247. [PMID: 35930104 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of substitution of siris foliage with alfalfa forage in the diet of fattening lambs on digestibility, fermentation, and growth performance of fattening lambs. In the present experiment, 27 8-month-old Arabi lambs (31.3 ± 6) with an initial weight of 28.8 ± 1.99 kg were used in a completely randomized design. The effect of experimental diets on dry matter intake was not significant; however, the diets had a significant effect on the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (P < 0.05). The effect of experimental diets on the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF, ADF, and crude protein was not significant (P < 0.05). Ammonia nitrogen concentration, pH, and a total population of ruminal fluid protozoa and blood parameters were not affected by experimental diets. Parameters of fattening performance such as feed intake, live weight changes, feed conversion ratio, some carcass traits such as mean weight and size of carcass parts, and colorimetric indices of muscle tissue in the order of fattening lambs were not affected by experimental diets. The use of foliage of siris in the diet of fattening lambs as a substitute with part of alfalfa had no adverse effect on the characteristics studied in the present experiment. Therefore, siris be recommended as part of the diet of fattening lambs.
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Oladimeji AM, Johnson TG, Metwally K, Farghly M, Mahrose KM. Environmental heat stress in rabbits: implications and ameliorations. Int J Biometeorol 2022; 66:1-11. [PMID: 34518931 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Profitable production of rabbit meat requires comfortable environment for expression of good quality traits embedded in the genetic components of rabbits. One of the major problems facing rabbit production is heat stress, especially in hot regions of the world. This is further aggravated by global warming being experienced as a result of climate change. Rabbits have no or few sweat glands, complicating the problem of heat dissipation, thereby predisposing the animals to heat stress (HS). Heat stress adversely affect welfare and adaptation, feed consumption and utilization, immunity and health status, growth, reproduction, and milk production in rabbits. Rabbits are homoeothermic animals. They should be capable of body temperature regulation within a narrow range. Thermoregulation is extremely poor in rabbits because of lack of sweat glands. Rabbits are highly sensitive to high ambient temperature. The presence of thick insulator fur on the skin further impedes heat loss in rabbits. This review summarizes data available literatures in the last two decades (2000-2020). Short compilation on management techniques adopted in rearing rabbits under hot conditions is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abioja Monsuru Oladimeji
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture PMB, Abeokuta, 2240, Nigeria
| | | | - Khaled Metwally
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farghly
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid Mohamed Mahrose
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Adeleye OO, Abatan MO, Dosumu OA, James AS, Adegoke AV, Mamidu MO, Sodipe OG, Olorunsogbon BF, Sanwo KA. Apple cider vinegar administration on carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:530. [PMID: 34731308 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 300 broilers (Arbor Acre) were randomized to six treatments replicated 5 times (50 birds/treatment and 10 birds/replicate) from 2 days old till the sixth week of age in a 2 by 3 factorial layout consisting of dosages (5.0 mL/L and 10.0 mL/L ACV) and administration frequency (antibiotics following standard schedule, twice/week ACV and thrice/week ACV). At the sixth week, sixty birds (10 birds/treatment) were selected for carcass yield, cut part yield, organ weight, meat technological properties, lipid profiles, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level evaluation. Data obtained were subjected to two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test at a P < 0.05 significant level. Birds administered 5.0 mL/L ACV thrice weekly presented a significantly (P < 0.05) higher plucked, eviscerated, dressed, thigh and breast weight compared with the other treatments. The spleen of birds in the control group was significantly (P < 0.05) heavier than those administered ACV. The meat from the 5.0 mL/L ACV group had significantly higher (P < 0.05) water absorptive power and lower refrigeration loss, as depicted in the main effect table. Meat cholesterol, phospholipids, and MDA levels did not differ across the treatments except triglyceride, which was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the 5.0 mL/L ACV thrice-weekly group. This study concludes that ACV administration could improve carcass yield and meat quality indices. Thus, its use as an alternative to conventional antibiotics for broiler chickens might be beneficial.
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LaRoche EM, Wu WJ, Garcia P, Song B, Chun CKY, Jones CK, Crane AR, O'Quinn TG, Chao MD. Evaluation of skin-on goat meat processing on processing efficiency, carcass yield, meat quality, and sensory attributes. Meat Sci 2022; 184:108675. [PMID: 34656006 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of skin-on and skin-off goat processing and carcasses for processing efficiency, fabrication time, biochemical factors, and sensory attributes for stewed goat meat. Thirty-one goats were harvested in 2 separate experiments, either skin-on (n = 16) or off (n = 15). The carcasses were fabricated into four primals and each primal was cut into cubes. Processing efficiency, carcasses yield, collagen content, moisture, lipid, ultimate pH, and sensory attributes were measured, and multivariate regression analysis were conducted. The skin-on group had greater overall yield compared to the skin-off group (P < 0.01). Consumers rated goat shoulder meat with the highest overall liking compared to the other primals (P < 0.01), regardless of skin present (P > 0.10). Finally, lipid % was found to be the most essential palatability trait to American Asian consumers.
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da Silva Filho JRV, de Moura Neto JB, Arandas JKG, Dos Santos LTA, Queiroz MAÁ, de Nogueira Filho PA, Voltolini TV, de Mesquita FLT, de Carvalho FFR, Ribeiro MN. Does crossbreeding improve the performance and carcass traits of Berganês sheep? Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:451. [PMID: 34535850 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance and carcass of lambs of different genotypes through univariate and multivariate analysis. Intact male lambs of the Berganês (BG), Berganês x Santa Inês (BSI), and Berganês x Dorper (BD) genotypes and the control group Dorper x Santa Inês (DSI) were used. Eight lambs of each genotype were used, aged between 4 and 5 months, with an average initial weight of 27.52 ± 3.79 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design. Data were tested by analyzing variance, followed by Tukey's test and principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). Slaughter body and average daily gain were higher for BD and BG than BSI (P < 0.05). On the other hand, BSI, BD, and DSI showed higher cold carcass yield than BG (P < 0.05). Lower cooling losses (CL) and more excellent conformation were observed in DSI (P < 0.05). BD showed a higher carcass compactness index (CCI), and DSI showed a higher leg compactness index (LCI) (P < 0.05). PCA produced seven components explaining 83.59% of total data variability. Based on the discriminant analysis, LCI, CL, CCI, and conformation showed greater power to distinguish the genotypes, with a high index of the lambs' classification to their respective genotypes. The crossbreeding improved carcass yield and reduced cooling weight loss. The Berganês ecotype and its crossbreeds have performance and carcass traits compatible with the DSI genotype. According to the DA, heterogeneity was found between the Berganês ecotype and its crossbreeds, with CL, LCI CCI, and conformation showing greater discrimination power.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janaina Kelli Gomes Arandas
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
- Scholarship of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico E Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
- Scholarship of the Fundação de Apoio À Pesquisa Do Estado de Pernambuco, FACEPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
- Scholarship of the Fundação de Apoio À Pesquisa Do Estado de Pernambuco, FACEPE, Recife, Brazil
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Ortiz A, Tejerina D, García-Torres S, Gaspar P, González E. Performance and carcass quality traits of Iberian × Duroc crossbred pig subject to gender and age at the beginning of the free-range finishing phase. Animal 2021; 15:100324. [PMID: 34340142 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional production of the Iberian breed pig involves a long production cycle. It might be shortened by using Iberian pigs crossed with Duroc and by reducing the growing phase, but the age-related changes on productive performance and carcass quality should be addressed. Thus, productive performance, live measurements and carcass and primal cut traits were evaluated on Iberian × Duroc 50:50 crossed pigs according to animal age at the beginning of the free-range finishing phase (Montanera): 10, 12 and 14 months old (IBxD10 (n = 15), IBxD12 (n = 17) and IBxD14 (n = 18) animal batches, respectively) and gender (immunologically castrated female -consisted of the Improvac® vaccination- and surgically castrated males). During the growing period, animals were fed with restrictions; 1.49, 1.29 and 1.20 ± 0.023 (mean ± SEM) kg/day of commercial feeds to start Montanera with similar BW; 103.9, 102.9 and 102.1 ± 0.22 kg, for IBxD10, IBxD12 and IBxD14, respectively. IBxD14 animals yielded the highest average daily gain (ADG) and BW after Montanera, as well as larger rump height and croup width. In contrast, these animals had the lowest carcass yield. Although animals from IBxD10 yielded hams of inferior size, this could be of interest to the sector, as there is a certain segment of the market that demands hams of smaller size and, generally, this is difficult to obtain with the traditional Montanera production system. The gender had no major effects on performance and carcass and primal cut traits, so both immunologically castrated female and surgically castrated males are suitable for finishing in Montanera.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ortiz
- Meat Quality Area, Centre of Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Junta de Extremadura, Ctra A-V, Km372, Guadajira, 06187 Badajoz, Spain
| | - D Tejerina
- Meat Quality Area, Centre of Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Junta de Extremadura, Ctra A-V, Km372, Guadajira, 06187 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - S García-Torres
- Meat Quality Area, Centre of Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Junta de Extremadura, Ctra A-V, Km372, Guadajira, 06187 Badajoz, Spain
| | - P Gaspar
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Research Institute of Agricultural Resources (INURA), University of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suarez, s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - E González
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Research Institute of Agricultural Resources (INURA), University of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suarez, s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
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Tůmová E, Chodová D, Volek Z, Ketta M. The effect of feed restriction, sex and age on the carcass composition and meat quality of nutrias (Myocastor coypus). Meat Sci 2021; 182:108625. [PMID: 34273761 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of quantitative feed restriction on the carcass composition and physical, chemical, histochemical and sensory properties of meat from male and female nutria at the end of the feed restriction and fattening period. In the experiment, from two to eight months of age, males and females were divided into two groups: one group was fed ad libitum throughout the experiment, and the second group was restricted to two weeks (from 11 to 12 weeks of age). The restricted nutrias received 75% ad libitum feeding. The significant interaction among feed restriction, sex and age was revealed only in the cross-sectional area of all muscle fiber types. Age was the main factor affecting carcass composition and meat quality characteristics. Sex-related differences in carcass composition and some sensory attributes and feed restriction-related differences in carcass composition were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tůmová
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Darina Chodová
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Volek
- Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Ketta
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic
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11
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Allen P. Recent developments in the objective measurement of carcass and meat quality for industrial application. Meat Sci 2021; 181:108601. [PMID: 34182344 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarises the contents of this Special Edition. The papers cover a range of advanced technologies for the objective measurement of carcass characteristics that influence the yield and potential eating quality of beef and lamb carcasses. All the research has been carried out in Australia and New Zealand and has been centrally funded with collaboration between various groups. This Special Edition is timely since the meat industry is coming under pressure on environmental grounds in addition to health warnings about excessive meat consumption. In this respect it is encouraging that so many of the papers relate to eating quality. The emphasis on objective methods is also important as moving away from traditional subjective grading will improve accuracy and consistency and thereby increase efficiency. Some differences in the approach taken in other parts of the world are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Allen
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
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12
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Bakhshalinejad R, Hassanabadi A, Swick RA. Dietary sources and levels of selenium supplements affect growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality and tissue selenium deposition in broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:256-263. [PMID: 31528727 PMCID: PMC6737497 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of sources and levels of selenium (Se) on performance, carcass parts yield, meat quality and tissue Se concentration in broilers. A total of 960 one-day-old male broilers were divided into 8 treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Chicks were penned in groups of 20 with 6 pens per group. Selenium sources were sodium selenite (SS), Se enriched yeast (SY), DL-selenomethionine (SM) and nano-selenium (NS) and dietary supplemental Se levels were 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg diet. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed:gain ratio, mortality, and carcass parts yield were not affected by dietary treatments. The level of 0.3 mg/kg Se decreased lightness and increased yellowness of the breast and thighs (P < 0.001). Nano-selenium improved yellowness, redness and meat quality (P < 0.05). The interactive effects of sources and the levels of Se affected Se retention (P < 0.001). Inorganic Se showed poor retention compared to other sources of Se; and NS showed equal retention with the organic sources. With consideration to meat quality responses, NS had a more significant positive effect compared to SS as an inorganic source of Se. Overall, NS and organic sources of Se resulted in better meat quality compared with the inorganic source. Moreover, the highest Se retention percentage was achieved by supplementation of NS followed by organic sources at 0.1 mg/kg compared to SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bakhshalinejad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hassanabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran
| | - Robert A Swick
- School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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13
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Ponnampalam EN, Kerr MG, Butler KL, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR, Jacobs JL. Filling the out of season gaps for lamb and hogget production: Diet and genetic influence on carcass yield, carcass composition and retail value of meat. Meat Sci 2018; 148:156-163. [PMID: 30388480 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of camelina forage and meal supplementation to a finishing diet on carcass traits, composition and retail value of lamb and hoggets. The metabolisable energy and crude protein concentrations of all 3 diets were 10-11 MJ/kg DM and 14-15% CP. Thirty maternal Composite wether lambs (28-38 kg) and 30 Merino wether hoggets (37-43 kg) were used in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. Animals were slaughtered after 10 weeks of feeding with carcasses classified as 'Heavy lamb' or 'Heavy hogget' (>22 kg carcass weight). Carcass traits, composition, meat mineral concentrations and retail colour were measured. Camelina diets increased liveweight (P < 0.02) and carcass weight (P < 0.002) for both sheep types. Carcass weight (P < 0.005) and dressing % (P < 0.01) were lower for Merino hoggets than Composite lambs. Mineral concentration and retail colour stability of fresh meat were unaffected by diet, with 72 h retail colour considered acceptable for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Science, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - M G Kerr
- Animal Production Science, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - K L Butler
- Biometrics Group, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Hamilton, VIC 3300, Australia
| | - J J Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - J L Jacobs
- Animal Production Science, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
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14
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Abudabos AM, Al-Atiyat RM, Stanley D, Aljassim R, Albatshan HA. The effect of corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) fortified with enzyme on growth performance of broiler. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:21412-21421. [PMID: 28744680 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and enzyme supplementation on growth performance and carcass yield in broiler chickens. The experiment was a 5 × 3 factorial design with 450 broiler chickens and with diets containing five levels of DDGS (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24%) and three levels of the enzymes (no supplementation, Rovabio® enzyme, and Tomoko® enzyme). Five pens with six chicks were fed an experimental diet from 0 to 35 days of age. Diets containing 12, 18, and 24% DDGS decreased performance (P < 0.05) at the start of the trial at 0-10 days. Inclusion of enzyme during 0-10 days improved body weight gain (BWG) and European production efficiency factor (EPEF) (P < 0.05). During the grower (11-24 days) and finisher (25-35 days) periods, chickens which had received 0, 6, or 12% DDGS converted feed to body weight more efficiently (P < 0.05). Enzyme supplementation improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the periods (11-24 and 25-35 days, respectively) (P < 0.05). The cumulative performance results (0 to 35 days of age) showed that Tomoko enzyme improved FCR as compared to no enzyme while Rovabio was intermediate (P < 0.05). Chickens which had received 0, 6, or 12% had better FCR (P < 0.05) compared to 18 or 24% DDGS. Chick's performance was depressed at early age when the diet contained 12% DDGS but later, they were able to tolerate higher levels of DDGS. The study indicate that a maximum level of DDGS to use in the starter diets is 6% and it could be increased in the grower and finisher period to 12% and enzyme supplementation to diets containing DDGS can improve FCR and growth performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaeldein Mahmood Abudabos
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raed Muhammad Al-Atiyat
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dragons Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rafat Aljassim
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hamad Ali Albatshan
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bandeira PAV, Filho JMP, de Azevêdo Silva AM, Cezar MF, Bakke OA, Silva UL, Borburema JB, Bezerra LR. Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass hay. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1001-1007. [PMID: 28451855 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Twenty-eight Santa Inês male lambs with an average body weight (BW) of 20.3 ± 1.49 kg(mean ± SD) were allocated in individual stalls and distributed in a completely random design with four treatments (0, 20, 40, and 60 g/100 g total DM M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay in diet) with seven replications. M. tenuiflora hay at the level of 20% dry matter (DM) total replacing Buffel grass hay increased final weight (P = 0.006), total weight gain (P < 0.001), average daily weight gain (ADWG; P < 0.001), DM intake (P < 0.001), and feed efficiency (P < 0.001). Intake of crude protein, NDFap, ADFap, ash, ether extract, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients presented a positive quadratic effect with M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay and 40 g/100 g total DM level presented greater intake. There were positive quadratic effects by M. tenuiflora hay inclusion at 20 g/100 g total DM level on slaughtering weight (P = 0.005), hot carcass weight (P = 0.002), cold carcass weight (P = 0.002), empty body weight (P = 0.001), hot carcass yield (P = 0.002), cold carcass yield (P = 0.003), and increase linear on biological yield (P = 0.003). There was no influence on cooling weight loss (P = 0.284). M. tenuiflora hay may be included in lamb diets at amounts up to 20 g/100 g total DM substitution of Buffel grass hay because increase in the nutrients intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Morais Pereira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil
| | | | - Marcílio Fontes Cezar
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil
| | - Olaf Andreas Bakke
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil
| | - Uilma Laurentino Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil
| | | | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil.
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus, Piaui, 64900-000, Brazil.
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Miranda JA, Pires AV, Abreu LRA, Mota LFM, Silva MA, Bonafé CM, Lima HJD, Martins PGMA. Sensitivity of breeding values for carcass traits of meat-type quail to changes in dietary (methionine + cystine):lysine ratio using reaction norm models. J Anim Breed Genet 2016; 133:463-475. [PMID: 27501367 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate changes in breeding values for carcass traits of two meat-type quail (Coturnix coturnix) strains (LF1 and LF2) to changes in the dietary (methionine + cystine):lysine ([Met + Cys]:Lys) ratio due to genotype by environment (G × E) interaction via reaction norm. A total of 7000 records of carcass weight and yield were used for analyses. During the initial phase (from hatching to day 21), five diets with increasing (Met + Cys):Lys ratios (0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76 and 0.81), containing 26.1% crude protein and 2900 kcal ME/kg, were evaluated. Analyses were performed using random regression models that included linear functions of sex (fixed effect) and breeding value (random effect) for carcass weight and yield, without and with heterogeneous residual variance adjustment. Both fixed and random effects were modelled using Legendre polynomials of second order. Genetic variance and heritability estimates were affected by both (Met + Cys):Lys ratio and strain. We observed that a G × E interaction was present, with changes in the breeding value ranking. Therefore, genetic evaluation for carcass traits should be performed under the same (Met + Cys):Lys ratio in which quails are raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Miranda
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - A V Pires
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - L R A Abreu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - L F M Mota
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - M A Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - C M Bonafé
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - H J D Lima
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - P G M A Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
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17
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Rodríguez-González LA, Trejo-Lizama W, Santos-Ricalde RH. Effect of feeding restriction on growth and dressing percentages in Mexican hairless pig. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1157-63. [PMID: 27154215 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four male Mexican hairless pigs, weighing 16 ± 1.12 kg, were used to evaluate growth performance and carcass yield in pigs fed 2 (L), 3 (M) and 4 (H) times the Metabolizable Energy (ME) required for maintenance. The pigs were assigned randomly to two experimental rearing systems (indoors and outdoors). They were fed daily according to their respective feeding regimen (FR). The indoor pigs were fed ad libitum with chopped star grass forage (Cynodon nlemfuensis). The outdoor pigs had access during 16 h to a paddock of star grass. The pigs were slaughtered when they achieve 70 kg of live weight. No significant differences between indoors and outdoors were observed in any of the variables evaluated (P > 0.05). A significant reduction of daily live weight gain (P < 0.05) was observed conforming to FR reductions (0.501, 0.438 and 0.300 kg/day for H, M and L, respectively). Days to achieve 70 kg of live weight increase (P < 0.05) as FR reduces (110, 124 and 180 days for H, M and L, respectively) were recorded. Forage consumption in pigs reared indoors reduces (P < 0.05) conforming to FR increases (0.092, 0.121 and 0.307 kg DM/day for H, M and L respectively). Fat carcass yield reduces significantly (P < 0.05) according FR reductions (24.5, 22.8 y 18.9 kg, for H, M and L respectively). Also, carcass meat yield was higher (P < 0.05) in pigs from L regimen (25.0 kg) than in pigs from M and H regimen (22.0 and 22.8 kg, respectively). Results obtained indicate a reduction in daily live weight gain conforming to daily feed intake reductions; however, improvement in carcass meat yield, accompanied with a reduction in carcass fat yield, was observed.
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18
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Fernandes DR, Freitas ER, Watanabe PH, Filgueira TMB, Cruz CEB, do Nascimento GAJ, Aguiar GC, Nascimento ERM. Cashew nut meal in the feeding of meat quails. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:711-7. [PMID: 26898689 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A study was aimed to evaluate the effects of cashew nut meal inclusion (CNM) on nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics of meat quails. A total of 432 meat quails with 7 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and nine replicates of eight birds each. Treatments were obtained with inclusion of CNM at levels of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 g/kg. According to regression analysis, the inclusion of CNM, at levels above 50 g/kg, provided a linear reduction in digestibility of dry matter and metabolizable energy of diets, linear increase in feed intake and an increase in feed conversion ratio, not influencing weight gain and carcass characteristics. Comparing the results obtained with the different inclusion levels compared to those obtained with the diet without CNM (control group), it was noted that diets with 200 g/kg of CNM inclusion, the dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy of diet were lower and the level of 250 g/kg provided higher feed intake. Considering the results, it can be inferred that cashew nut meal can be used as a feedstuff in meat quail's diets at levels up to 250 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rodrigues Fernandes
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Watanabe
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Braga Cruz
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Geovana Costa Aguiar
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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19
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Ponnampalam EN, Lewandowski PA, Fahri FT, Burnett VF, Dunshea FR, Plozza T, Jacobs JL. Forms of n-3 (ALA, C18:3n-3 or DHA, C22:6n-3) Fatty Acids Affect Carcass Yield, Blood Lipids, Muscle n-3 Fatty Acids and Liver Gene Expression in Lambs. Lipids 2015; 50:1133-43. [PMID: 26395388 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of supplementing diets with n-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on plasma metabolites, carcass yield, muscle n-3 fatty acids and liver messenger RNA (mRNA) in lambs were investigated. Lambs (n = 120) were stratified to 12 groups based on body weight (35 ± 3.1 kg), and within groups randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: basal diet (BAS), BAS with 10.7 % flaxseed supplement (Flax), BAS with 1.8 % algae supplement (DHA), BAS with Flax and DHA (FlaxDHA). Lambs were fed for 56 days. Blood samples were collected on day 0 and day 56, and plasma analysed for insulin and lipids. Lambs were slaughtered, and carcass traits measured. At 30 min and 24 h, liver and muscle samples, respectively, were collected for determination of mRNA (FADS1, FADS2, CPT1A, ACOX1) and fatty acid composition. Lambs fed Flax had higher plasma triacylglycerol, body weight, body fat and carcass yield compared with the BAS group (P < 0.001). DHA supplementation increased carcass yield and muscle DHA while lowering plasma insulin compared with the BAS diet (P < 0.01). Flax treatment increased (P < 0.001) muscle ALA concentration, while DHA treatment increased (P < 0.001) muscle DHA concentration. Liver mRNA FADS2 was higher and CPT1A lower in the DHA group (P < 0.05). The FlaxDHA diet had additive effects, including higher FADS1 and ACOX1 mRNA than for the Flax or DHA diet. In summary, supplementation with ALA or DHA modulated plasma metabolites, muscle DHA, body fat and liver gene expression differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Ponnampalam
- Agriculture Research and Development, DEDJTR, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia. .,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul A Lewandowski
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Fahri T Fahri
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Viv F Burnett
- Agriculture Research and Development, DEDJTR, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Tim Plozza
- Agriculture Research and Development, DEDJTR, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Agriculture Research and Development, DEDJTR, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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20
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Menon DG, Bennett DC, Uttaro B, Schaefer AL, Cheng KM. Carcass yields and meat quality characteristics of adult emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) transported for 6h before slaughter. Meat Sci 2014; 98:240-6. [PMID: 24973774 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The meat quality characteristics of adult emus transported for 6h before slaughter were determined. Forty-two emus were used in two trials, undertaken under warm and cool weather conditions, respectively. Male emus had significantly higher fat yields than females (12.43kg vs 9.5kg, P=0.002). About 38.1% of the emus had no wounds or bruises, 40.5% had bruises, while 21.4% had small wounds after transport. Meat from injured emus had significantly higher pH45. In warm weather, emus experienced significantly higher loss in body weight than that under cool weather. Drip loss in meat after 24h of storage was higher in emus which had greater live weight loss after transport (r=0.66, P<0.0001), confirming the adverse effects of transport stress on meat quality. Nutrient supplementation did not significantly affect processing yield or meat quality characteristics. This study points to the need for optimizing transport conditions of emus to maintain meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa G Menon
- Avian Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Darin C Bennett
- Avian Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bethany Uttaro
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Allan L Schaefer
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Kimberly M Cheng
- Avian Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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