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Huang J, Yang F, Liu Y, Wang Y. N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116185. [PMID: 38237350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes, and hyperglycemic memory associated with diabetes carries the risk of disease occurrence, even after the termination of blood glucose injury. The existence of hyperglycemic memory supports the concept of an epigenetic mechanism involving n6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Several studies have shown that m6A plays a key role in the pathogenesis of DKD. This review addresses the role and mechanism of m6A RNA modification in the progression of DKD, including the regulatory role of m6A modification in pathological processes, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and non-coding (nc) RNA. This reveals the importance of m6A in the occurrence and development of DKD, suggesting that m6A may play a role in hyperglycemic memory phenomenon. This review also discusses how some gray areas, such as m6A modified multiple enzymes, interact to affect the development of DKD and provides countermeasures. In conclusion, this review enhances our understanding of DKD from the perspective of m6A modifications and provides new targets for future therapeutic strategies. In addition, the insights discussed here support the existence of hyperglycemic memory effects in DKD, which may have far-reaching implications for the development of novel treatments. We hypothesize that m6A RNA modification, as a key factor regulating the development of DKD, provides a new perspective for the in-depth exploration of DKD and provides a novel option for the clinical management of patients with DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaan Huang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China.
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Ristovska EC, Genadieva-Dimitrova M, Todorovska B, Milivojevic V, Rankovic I, Samardziski I, Bojadzioska M. The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-Related Pathological Conditions: A Review. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2023; 44:113-137. [PMID: 37453122 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2023-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decades, endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been recognized as a significant contributing factor in the pathogenesis of many pathological conditions. In interaction with atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, ED plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, chronic renal disease, and microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Although ED plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of several pregnancy-related disorders such as preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus, the exact pathogenetic mechanisms are still a matter of debate. The increased prevalence of these entities in patients with preexisting vascular diseases highlights the essential pathological role of the preexisting ED in these patients. The abnormal uteroplacental circulation and the release of soluble factors from the ischemic placenta into the maternal bloodstream are the main causes of the maternal ED underlying the characteristic preeclamptic phenotype. Besides the increased risk for maternal and fetal poor outcomes, the preexisting ED also increases the risk of development of future cardiovascular diseases in these patients. This study aimed to look deeper into the role of ED in the pathogenesis of several pregnancy-related hypertensive and liver diseases. Hopefully, it could contribute to improvement of the awareness, knowledge, and management of these conditions and also to the reduction of the adverse outcomes and additional long-term cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Curakova Ristovska
- 1University Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Magdalena Genadieva-Dimitrova
- 1University Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Beti Todorovska
- 1University Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Milivojevic
- 2Section for Internal Medicine, Medcompass Alliance, School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Rankovic
- 3Section for Internal Medicine, Medcompass Alliance, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Samardziski
- 4University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Maja Bojadzioska
- 5University Clinic for Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, RN Macedonia
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3
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Johnson JM, Takebe Y, Zhang G, Ober R, McLuckie A, Niedt GW, Johnson LL. Blocking RAGE improves wound healing in diabetic pigs. Int Wound J 2023; 20:678-686. [PMID: 35945908 PMCID: PMC9927915 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for Advanced Glycated End-products (RAGE) is highly expressed in diabetes and impairs wound healing. We proposed that administering an antibody that blocks RAGE will hasten the healing of dorsal wounds in diabetic pigs compared with a non-immune IgG. Two purpose-bred diabetic (D) Yucatan minipigs (Sinclair, Auxvasse MO) each underwent 12 2 × 2 cm full thickness dorsal wounds: four wounds received decellularized porcine skin patches (Xylyx Bio, Bklyn NY): four anti-RAGE Ab (CR-3) infused patches, four saline infused patches and four wounds were left open. One pig received anti-RAGE Ab (CR-3) 1 mg/kg IM q 10 days and other received non-immune IgG. Wounds were measured at 2 and 4 weeks followed by euthanasia and wound harvesting. At 2 weeks few of the patches appeared to be incorporated into the wound. By 4 weeks all patches in pigs treated systemically with CR-3 were detached and the wounds almost healed. For all 24 wounds for both pigs regardless of presence of patch or type of patch, the average IgG treated pig wound size at 4 weeks was 69.2 ± 14.6% of initial size and the average CR-3 treated pig wound size was 40.9 ± 11.3% of initial size (P = 0.0002). Quantitative immunohistology showed greater staining for collagen in the CR-3 treated wounds compared with IgG treated. Staining was positive for RAGE, Mac, and IL-6 in the IgG treated wounds and negative in the CR-3 treated wounds. From these pilot experiments, we conclude that a RAGE blocking antibody given parenterally improved wound healing in a diabetic pig while patches were not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Johnson
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Veterinary MedicineColumbia UniversityNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Yared Takebe
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Veterinary MedicineColumbia UniversityNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Geping Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Veterinary MedicineColumbia UniversityNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Rebecca Ober
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Veterinary MedicineColumbia UniversityNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Alicia McLuckie
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Veterinary MedicineColumbia UniversityNew York CityNYUSA
| | - George W Niedt
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Veterinary MedicineColumbia UniversityNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Lynne L Johnson
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Veterinary MedicineColumbia UniversityNew York CityNYUSA
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a common microvascular complication with a high incidence in diabetic patients, greatly increases the mortality of patients. With further study on DN, it is found that epigenetics plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of DN. Epigenetics has an important impact on the development of DN through a variety of mechanisms, and promotes the generation and maintenance of metabolic memory, thus ultimately leading to a poor prognosis. In this review we discuss the methylation of DNA, modification of histone, and regulation of non-coding RNA involved in the progress of cell dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney, which ultimately lead to the deterioration of DN.
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Kaźmierski J, Miler P, Pawlak A, Jerczyńska H, Woźniak J, Frankowska E, Brzezińska A, Nowakowska K, Woźniak K, Krejca M, Wilczyński M. Oxidative stress and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products play a role in the pathophysiology of delirium after cardiac surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23646. [PMID: 34880331 PMCID: PMC8655063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary-artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is known to improve cardiac function and decrease mortality, albeit, this method of treatment is also associated with a neuropsychiatric complications including postoperative delirium. The pathophysiology of delirium after cardiac surgery remains poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether oxidative stress reflected by decreased preoperative and postoperative plasma antioxidant activity is independently associated with delirium after cardiac surgery. The second aim was to assess whether decreased antioxidant activity is stress-related or mediated by other pathologies such as major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the putative relationship between pre- and postoperative soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) overexpression and plasma antioxidant capacity was evaluated. The patients cognitive status was assessed 1 day preoperatively with the use of the Mini-Mental State Examination Test and the Clock Drawing Test. A diagnosis of MDD and anxiety disorders was established on the basis of DSM-5 criteria. Blood samples for antioxidant capacity and sRAGE levels were collected both preoperatively and postoperatively. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit was used within the first 5 days postoperatively to screen for a diagnosis of delirium. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed in 34% (61 of 177) of individuals. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low baseline antioxidant capacity was independently associated with postoperative delirium development. Moreover, increased risk of delirium was observed among patients with a preoperative diagnosis of MDD associated with antioxidant capacity decreased postoperatively. According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, the most optimal cutoff values of the preoperative and postoperative antioxidant capacity that predict the development of delirium were 1.72 mM and 1.89 mM, respectively. Pre- and postoperative antioxidant capacity levels were negatively correlated with postoperative sRAGE concentration (Spearman's Rank Correlation − 0.198 and − 0.158, p < 0.05, respectively). Patients with decreased preoperative antioxidant activity and those with depressive episodes complicated with lower postoperative antioxidant activity are at significantly higher risk of delirium after cardiac surgery development. sRAGE overexpression may be considered as protective mechanism against increased oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kaźmierski
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Faculty of Gerontology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Miler
- Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawlak
- Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Jerczyńska
- CoreLab Central Scientific Laboratory of Medical University of Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Woźniak
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Faculty of Gerontology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216, Lodz, Poland
| | - Emilia Frankowska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Faculty of Gerontology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Karina Nowakowska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Faculty of Gerontology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Krejca
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirosław Wilczyński
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Kumric M, Ticinovic Kurir T, Borovac JA, Bozic J. Role of novel biomarkers in diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:685-705. [PMID: 34168722 PMCID: PMC8192249 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is commonly defined as cardiomyopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. As DCM is now recognized as a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus and clinical diagnosis is still inappropriate, various expert groups struggled to identify a suitable biomarker that will help in the recognition and management of DCM, with little success so far. Hence, we thought it important to address the role of biomarkers that have shown potential in either human or animal studies and which could eventually result in mitigating the poor outcomes of DCM. Among the array of biomarkers we thoroughly analyzed, long noncoding ribonucleic acids, soluble form of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 and galectin-3 seem to be most beneficial for DCM detection, as their plasma/serum levels accurately correlate with the early stages of DCM. The combination of relatively inexpensive and accurate speckle tracking echocardiography with some of the highlighted biomarkers may be a promising screening method for newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. The purpose of the screening test would be to direct affected patients to more specific confirmation tests. This perspective is in concordance with current guidelines that accentuate the importance of an interdisciplinary team-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Josip A Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Emergency Medicine, Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
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Ghosh S, Kapoor D, Vijayvergiya R, Sangwan S, Wangkheimayum S, Mehta S, Dhawan V. Correlation between soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products levels and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal nondiabetic women. World J Cardiol 2021; 13:130-143. [PMID: 34131476 PMCID: PMC8173337 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v13.i5.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The established cardiovascular risk factors cannot explain the overall risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), especially in women. Therefore, there is a growing need for the assessment of novel biomarkers to identify women at risk. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its interaction with the advanced glycation end product (AGE) ligand have been associated with atherogenesis. The soluble fraction of RAGE (sRAGE) antagonizes RAGE signaling and exerts an antiatherogenic effect.
AIM The study aim was to explore the association between plasma levels of sRAGE and CAD in nondiabetic postmenopausal women.
METHODS This case-control study included 110 nondiabetic postmenopausal women who were enrolled in two groups. Group I included 55 angiographically proven CAD subjects with > 50% stenosis in at least one of the major coronary arteries and Group II included 55 healthy control women who did not have CAD or had < 50% stenosis of the coronary arteries. Stenosis was confirmed by invasive angiography. Plasma sRAGE was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS We observed significantly lower plasma sRAGE concentrations in subjects with CAD vs healthy controls (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed a significant correlation between plasma sRAGE levels and CAD (P = 0.01). Multivariate odds ratios for CAD revealed that subjects with sRAGE concentrations below 225 pg/mL (lowest quartile) had a 6-fold increase in CAD prevalence independent of other risk factors.
CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that low sRAGE levels were independently associated with CAD in nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Risk assessment of CAD in postmenopausal women can be improved by including sRAGE along with other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Department ofCardiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Divya Kapoor
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | | | - Sonal Sangwan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | | | - Sakshi Mehta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Jannapureddy S, Sharma M, Yepuri G, Schmidt AM, Ramasamy R. Aldose Reductase: An Emerging Target for Development of Interventions for Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636267. [PMID: 33776930 PMCID: PMC7992003 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite numerous treatments for cardiovascular disease (CVD), for patients with diabetes, these therapies provide less benefit for protection from CVD. These considerations spur the concept that diabetes-specific, disease-modifying therapies are essential to identify especially as the diabetes epidemic continues to expand. In this context, high levels of blood glucose stimulate the flux via aldose reductase (AR) pathway leading to metabolic and signaling changes in cells of the cardiovascular system. In animal models flux via AR in hearts is increased by diabetes and ischemia and its inhibition protects diabetic and non-diabetic hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In mouse models of diabetic atherosclerosis, human AR expression accelerates progression and impairs regression of atherosclerotic plaques. Genetic studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ALD2 (human AR gene) is associated with diabetic complications, including cardiorenal complications. This Review presents current knowledge regarding the roles for AR in the causes and consequences of diabetic cardiovascular disease and the status of AR inhibitors in clinical trials. Studies from both human subjects and animal models are presented to highlight the breadth of evidence linking AR to the cardiovascular consequences of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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He Y, Wu N. Research Progress on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Endothelial Dysfunction Markers. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:983-990. [PMID: 33688231 PMCID: PMC7937366 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s295737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the onset or first recognition of diabetes during pregnancy in women with normal glucose metabolism or potentially impaired glucose tolerance before pregnancy. Studies have shown that vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are an important target organ of insulin, which is injured by multiple factors in the case of GDM, thereby leading to worsened insulin resistance (IR) and the further development of GDM. When VECs are abnormal, there will be changes in the content of a variety of cell markers, which may be helpful for the clinical prediction and diagnosis of GDM. This study attempted to investigate the mechanism and markers of VECs injury in GDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’ s Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’ s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Johnson LL, Johnson J, Ober R, Holland A, Zhang G, Backer M, Backer J, Ali Z, Tekabe Y. Novel Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products-Blocking Antibody to Treat Diabetic Peripheral Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 10:e016696. [PMID: 33327730 PMCID: PMC7955479 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays an important role in diabetic peripheral artery disease. We proposed to show that treatment with an antibody blocking RAGE would improve hind limb perfusion and muscle viability in diabetic pig with femoral artery (FA) ligation. Methods and Results Purpose‐bred diabetic Yucatan minipigs with average fasting blood sugar of 357 mg/dL on insulin to maintain a glucose range of 300 to 500 mg/dL were treated with either a humanized monoclonal anti‐RAGE antibody (CR‐3) or nonimmune IgG. All pigs underwent intravascular occlusion of the anterior FA. Animals underwent (201Tl) single‐photon emission computed tomography/x‐ray computed tomography imaging on days 1 and 28 after FA occlusion, angiogenesis imaging with [99mTc]dodecane tetra‐acetic acid–polyethylene glycol–single chain vascular endothelial growth factor (scVEGF), muscle biopsies on day 7, and contrast angiogram day 28. Results showed greater increases in perfusion to the gastrocnemius from day 1 to day 28 in CR‐3 compared with IgG treated pigs (P=0.0024), greater uptake of [99mTc]dodecane tetra‐acetic acid‐polyethylene glycol‐scVEGF (scV/Tc) in the proximal gastrocnemius at day 7, confirmed by tissue staining for capillaries and vascular endothelial growth factor A, and less muscle loss and fibrosis at day 28. Contrast angiograms showed better reconstitution of the distal FA from collaterals in the CR‐3 versus IgG treated diabetic pigs (P=0.01). The gastrocnemius on nonoccluded limb at necropsy had higher 201Tl uptake (percentage injected dose per gram) and reduced RAGE staining in arterioles in CR‐3 treated compared with IgG treated animals (P=0.04). Conclusions A novel RAGE‐blocking antibody improved hind limb perfusion and angiogenesis in diabetic pigs with FA occlusion. Contributing factors are increased collaterals and reduced vascular RAGE expression. CR‐3 shows promise for clinical treatment in diabetic peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne L Johnson
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - Jordan Johnson
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - Rebecca Ober
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - April Holland
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - Geping Zhang
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | | | | | - Ziad Ali
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - Yared Tekabe
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
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Rani L, Saini S, Shukla N, Chowdhuri DK, Gautam NK. High sucrose diet induces morphological, structural and functional impairments in the renal tubules of Drosophila melanogaster: A model for studying type-2 diabetes mediated renal tubular dysfunction. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 125:103441. [PMID: 32735915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous feeding of high dietary sugar is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its secondary complications. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major secondary complication that leads to glomerular and renal tubular dysfunction. The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure of high sugar diet (HSD) on renal tubules. Malpighian tubules (MTs), a renal organ of Drosophila, were used as a model in the study. Feeding of HSD develops T2D condition in Drosophila. The MTs showed structural abnormalities in 20 days of HSD fed flies. Impaired insulin signaling, oxidative stress, enhanced levels of AGE-RAGE and induction of apoptosis were observed in the MTs of these flies. Further, altered expression of transporters, enhanced uric acid level and reduced fluid secretion rate confirmed the impaired function of MTs in these flies. RNA-seq and RT-PCR analyses in the MTs of HSD fed-and control-flies revealed the altered expression of candidate genes that regulate several important pathways including extracellular matrix (ECM), advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism that are well known mediators of renal tubular dysfunction in DN patients. Disruption of insulin signaling in the MTs also causes renal tubular dysfunction similar to HSD fed flies. Overall, the study suggests that phenotypes observed in the MTs of HSD fed flies recapitulate several hallmarks of renal tubular dysfunction in DN patients. Therefore, we conclude that MTs of HSD fed flies may be used for deciphering the underlying mechanisms of T2D mediated renal tubular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavi Rani
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Neha Shukla
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Gautam
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India; Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Protection of Astragaloside IV against Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9542165. [PMID: 32855769 PMCID: PMC7443226 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9542165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage kidney disease. Recently, there is no specific drug available to block the kidney damage. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a major active component of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge and has been demonstrated to benefit the kidney functions. This study explores the potential pharmacological action of AS-IV in DN of rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The diabetic rats were randomized and treated with vehicle or AS-IV (80 mg/kg) daily by gavage for 12 weeks as the DN or AS-IV group, respectively. The normal control rats were fed with normal chow and injected with vehicles (n = 8 per group). These rats were monitored for diabetes- and kidney function-related measures. The expression profiles of gene mRNA transcripts in the kidney tissues were analyzed by RNA-seq and quantitative RT-PCR. The levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), IL-1β, and IL-18 in the serum samples and kidney tissues were quantified by ELISA. The levels of collagen IV (COL-4) and fibronectin (FN) expression in kidney tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results In comparison with the DN group, AS-IV treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels, food and water consumption, 24 h urine, renal index values, 24 h urine total proteins, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and creatinine clearance rates (CCR), accompanied by minimizing the DN-induced early kidney damages, fibrosis, and microstructural changes. Furthermore, AS-IV treatment significantly modulated the DN-altered gene transcription profiles in the kidney of rats, particularly for inflammation-related genes, including the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling, which was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. AS-IV treatment significantly decreased the levels of serum and kidney AGEs, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression and fibrosis indexes in the kidney of rats. Conclusion AS-IV treatment ameliorated the severity of DN by inhibiting inflammation-related gene expression in the kidney of rats.
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Circulating Arsenic is Associated with Long-Term Risk of Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020417. [PMID: 32028652 PMCID: PMC7073559 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is toxic to many organ systems, the kidney being the most sensitive target organ. We aimed to investigate whether, in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), the nephrotoxic exposure to arsenic could represent an overlooked hazard for graft survival. We performed a prospective cohort study of 665 KTRs with a functional graft ≥1 year, recruited in a university setting (2008‒2011), in The Netherlands. Plasma arsenic was measured by ICP-MS, and dietary intake was comprehensively assessed using a validated 177-item food-frequency questionnaire. The endpoint graft failure was defined as restart of dialysis or re-transplantation. Median arsenic concentration was 1.26 (IQR, 1.04‒2.04) µg/L. In backwards linear regression analyses we found that fish consumption (std β = 0.26; p < 0.001) was the major independent determinant of plasma arsenic. During 5 years of follow-up, 72 KTRs developed graft failure. In Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses, we found that arsenic was associated with increased risk of graft failure (HR 1.80; 95% CI 1.28-2.53; p = 0.001). This association remained materially unaltered after adjustment for donor and recipient characteristics, immunosuppressive therapy, eGFR, primary renal disease, and proteinuria. In conclusion, in KTRs, plasma arsenic is independently associated with increased risk of late graft failure.
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Papachristoforou E, Lambadiari V, Maratou E, Makrilakis K. Association of Glycemic Indices (Hyperglycemia, Glucose Variability, and Hypoglycemia) with Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7489795. [PMID: 33123598 PMCID: PMC7585656 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7489795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is defined as a disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance of the cell, in favor of the former, which results in the antioxidant capacity of the cell to be overpowered. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is very harmful to cell constituents, especially proteins, lipids, and DNA, thus causing damage to the cell. Oxidative stress has been associated with a variety of pathologic conditions, including diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, obstructive sleep apnea, and accelerated aging. Regarding DM specifically, previous experimental and clinical studies have pointed to the fact that oxidative stress probably plays a major role in the pathogenesis and development of diabetic complications. It is postulated that hyperglycemia induces free radicals and impairs endogenous antioxidant defense systems through several different mechanisms. In particular, hyperglycemia promotes the creation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), and the hyperactivity of hexosamine and sorbitol pathways, leading to the development of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and endothelial dysfunction, by inducing excessive ROS production and OS. Furthermore, glucose variability has been associated with OS as well, and recent evidence suggests that also hypoglycemia may be playing an important role in favoring diabetic vascular complications through OS, inflammation, prothrombotic events, and endothelial dysfunction. The association of these diabetic parameters (i.e., hyperglycemia, glucose variability, and hypoglycemia) with oxidative stress will be reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Papachristoforou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Centre, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Centre, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Krishnasamy S, Rajaraman B, Ravi V, Rajagopal R, Ganeshprasad A, Kuppuswamy AA, Pathak A, Dhevasena CS, Swaminathan K, Sundaresan M, Ramadas N, Vedantham S. Association of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-019-00766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Yang S, Chen Y, Duan Y, Ma C, Liu L, Li Q, Yang J, Li X, Zhao B, Wang Y, Qian K, Liu M, Zhu Y, Yang X, Han J. Therapeutic potential of NaoXinTong Capsule on the developed diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109389. [PMID: 31545275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still limited. NaoXinTong Capsule (NXT) is a Chinese Medicine prescribed to patients with cardiovascular disease. It can also ameliorate metabolic syndromes in patients indicating its anti-diabetic properties. Herein we report the therapeutic effects of NXT on the developed DN. The db/db diabetic mice at ˜12 weeks old, the age with DN at middle/advanced stages, were treated with NXT for 12 weeks. We found NXT treatment reduced diabetes-induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, thereby substantially reduced DN progress. In the kidney, NXT reduced mesangial matrix expansion and glomerulosclerosis by inhibiting extracellular matrix accumulation through activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 and inactivating transforming growth factor β1 expression. NXT reduced podocyte injury by reducing renal inflammation and expression of adhesion molecules. Mechanically, NXT potently activated AMPKα in multiple tissues thereby enhancing energy metabolism. In the liver, NXT increased glucokinase expression and insulin sensitivity by increasing insulin receptor substrate 1/2 and protein kinase B (AKT) 1/2 expression/phosphorylation. In skeletal muscle, NXT activated expression of glucose transporter type 4, AKT, glycogen synthase and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α/γ. In adipose tissue, NXT reduced fatty acid synthase while activating hormone-sensitive lipase expression. Taken together, our study demonstrates that NXT reduced progress of the developed DN by ameliorating glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, maintaining renal structural and functional integrity. Our study also indicates the potential application of NXT for DN treatment in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lipei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yong Wang
- Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Qian
- Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Lopes-Virella MF, Virella G. Modified LDL Immune Complexes and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1680-1692. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180524114429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Modified forms of LDL, both spontaneously formed in the organism or prepared in the laboratory, are immunogenic. As a consequence, antigen-antibody complexes (immune complexes, IC) formed in vivo can be measured in the peripheral blood, and their levels are strong predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been possible to generate antibodies that recognize different LDL modifications, allowing the analysis of circulating IC constitution. Clinical studies showed that the antigenic constitution of the IC has a modulating effect on the development of CVD. Patients whose IC react strongly with antibodies to copper oxidized LDL (oxLDL) show progressive development of atherosclerosis as demonstrated by increased intima–media thickness and increased coronary calcification scores. In contrast, patients whose IC react strongly with antibodies to the heavily oxidized malondialdehyde LDL prepared in vitro (MDA-LDL) are at a high risk of acute vascular events, mainly myocardial infarction. In vitro studies have shown that while oxLDL IC induce both cell proliferation and mild to moderate macrophage apoptosis, MDA-LDL IC induce a more marked macrophage apoptosis but not cell proliferation. In addition, MDA-LDL IC induce the release of higher levels of matrix metalloproteinases and TNF than oxLDL IC. High levels of TNF are likely to be a major factor leading to apoptosis and high levels of metalloproteinases are likely to play a role in the thinning of the fibrous cap of the atheromatous plaque. The combination of apoptosis and fibrous cap thinning is a well-known characteristic of vulnerable plaques, which are more prone to rupture and responsible for the majority of acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph A. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Gabriel Virella
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease presence and severity are associated with aortic stiffness beyond abdominal obesity: The ELSA-Brasil. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284:59-65. [PMID: 30875494 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is uncertain whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with aortic stiffness in a racial/ethnically diverse and admixed society. We addressed whether NAFLD presence and severity were associated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) in individuals free of cardiovascular disease. METHODS In 7196 individuals free of cardiovascular disease at the baseline Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health, we classified NAFLD presence and severity (mild, moderate and severe) by ultrasound hepatic attenuation. We measured cf-PWV using a non-invasive validated device (Complior SP, Artech Medicale France). We compared cf-PWV of NAFLD individuals to those without by analysis of covariance adjusted for demographics, life style, waist circumference, and arterial pressure. We also analyzed the cf-PWV trend from no-NAFLD to severe NAFLD. RESULTS In unadjusted analysis, from no-NAFLD to severe NAFLD, there were slightly older individuals, lower frequency of smokers, more prevalent diabetes and hypertension. In adjusted analysis, there was slightly higher cf-PWV (m/s) (95%CI) in NAFLD vs. no-NAFLD, respectively 9.32 (9.22, 9.41) and 9.24 (9.15, 9.33) (p = 0.037). Across NAFLD severity spectrum, adjusted cf-PWV increased from 9.24 (9.15, 9.33) in no-NAFLD to 9.69 (9.46, 9.93) in severe NAFLD (p for trend association = 0.001). In sensitivity analysis, diabetes adjustment nullified the association of binary NAFLD with cf-PWV, but not that of increasingly severe NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS In racial/ethnically diverse individuals free of cardiovascular disease, NAFLD is associated with aortic stiffness beyond abdominal obesity. The specific NAFLD impact on CVD worldwide is potentially relevant.
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Vasamsetti SB, Florentin J, Coppin E, Stiekema LCA, Zheng KH, Nisar MU, Sembrat J, Levinthal DJ, Rojas M, Stroes ESG, Kim K, Dutta P. Sympathetic Neuronal Activation Triggers Myeloid Progenitor Proliferation and Differentiation. Immunity 2018; 49:93-106.e7. [PMID: 29958804 PMCID: PMC6051926 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of research on the neural control of immunity and inflammation. However, it is not known whether the nervous system can regulate the production of inflammatory myeloid cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells in disease conditions. Myeloid cell numbers in diabetic patients were strongly correlated with plasma concentrations of norepinephrine, suggesting the role of sympathetic neuronal activation in myeloid cell production. The spleens of diabetic patients and mice contained higher numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing leukocytes that produced catecholamines. Granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) expressed the β2 adrenergic receptor, a target of catecholamines. Ablation of splenic sympathetic neuronal signaling using surgical, chemical, and genetic approaches diminished GMP proliferation and myeloid cell development. Finally, mice lacking TH-producing leukocytes had reduced GMP proliferation, resulting in diminished myelopoiesis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that catecholamines produced by leukocytes and sympathetic nerve termini promote GMP proliferation and myeloid cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emilie Coppin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lotte C A Stiekema
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kang H Zheng
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Umer Nisar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Sembrat
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David J Levinthal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kang Kim
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Qiu H, Li WP, Shen XH, Guo XY, Hua B, Li HW. Dynamic fluctuations of advanced glycation end products and its C-terminal truncated receptor level in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and undergoing diabetes or not: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11278. [PMID: 30045252 PMCID: PMC6078646 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its C-terminal truncated receptor (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, sRAGE) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with or without diabetes is unknown. We compared their levels in patients with and without STEMI, as well as with and without diabetes. A prospective observational study was performed between December 2014 and December 2015. Study group included STEMI patients with coronary artery disease; control group included patients without coronary artery disease. Levels of AGEs and sRAGE were tested on Days 0, 2, and 5 after STEMI. Levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were tested on Days 0, 1, 2, and 3. Patient's diabetic status was determined by medical history or oral glucose tolerance test. Compared to patients in the control group, STEMI patients showed elevated levels of AGEs and sRAGE. In the STEMI group, diabetic patients had higher levels of AGEs and sRAGE compared to nondiabetic patients. The level of AGEs correlated with peak level of CK-MB in the overall population of patients with STEMI and with peak level of NT-proBNP in diabetic patients with STEMI. Levels of AGEs and sRAGE were elevated after STEMI, especially among patients with diabetes. These markers could serve to indicate the severity of myocardial injury and cardiac insufficiency, and play a potential role in predicting the prognosis of patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital
| | - Xu-Hua Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital
| | | | - Bing Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital
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Hung WC, Ling XH, Chang CC, Hsu HF, Wang SW, Lee YC, Luo C, Lee YT, Houng JY. Inhibitory Effects of Siegesbeckia orientalis Extracts on Advanced Glycation End Product Formation and Key Enzymes Related to Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101785. [PMID: 29065451 PMCID: PMC6151556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome typically includes Type 2 diabetes associated with hyperglycemia, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. It is highly related to oxidative stress, formation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and key enzymes, such as carbohydrate digesting enzymes like pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). This study used an in vitro approach to assess the potential of four extracts of Siegesbeckia orientalis linne on key enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome. In this research, S. orientailis was firstly extracted by ethanol. The ethanol extract (SE) was then partitioned sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, and these extracts were named SE-Hex, SE-EA and SE-MeOH, respectively. The experimental results showed that SE-EA had the highest total phenolic content (TPC, 76.9 ± 1.8 mg/g) and the total flavonoids content (TFC, 5.3 ± 0.3 mg/g). This extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities, including DPPH radical-scavenging capacity (IC50 = 161.8 ± 2.4 μg/mL), ABTS radical-scavenging capacity (IC50 = 13.9 ± 1.5 μg/mL) and reducing power. For anti-glycation activities, SE-EA showed the best results in the inhibition of AGEs, as well as inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 362.3 ± 9.2 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 = 119.0 ± 17.7 μg/mL). For anti-obesity activities, SE-EA indicated the highest suppression effect on pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 3.67 ± 0.52 mg/mL). Finally, for anti-hypertension activity, SE-EA also demonstrated the strongest inhibitory activity on ACE (IC50 = 626.6 ± 15.0 μg/mL). Close relationships were observed among the parameters of TPC, antioxidant activities, inhibitory activities on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase and ACE (R > 0.9). Moderate correlations were found among the parameters of TFC, antioxidant activities, and suppression of dicarbonyl compounds formation (R = 0.5-0.9). Taken together these in vitro studies reveal the therapeutic potential of SE-EA extract in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Hung
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Xue-Hua Ling
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Hsia-Fen Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Nutrition Therapy, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Ci Luo
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Tzu Lee
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
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Nomair AM, ElDeeb MMK, Maharem DA. Aldose reductase (-106) C/T gene polymorphism and possibility of macrovascular complications in Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:648-655. [PMID: 27730075 PMCID: PMC5040045 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.190549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past three decades, the number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) has more than doubled globally, making it one of the most important public health challenges to all nations. Aldose reductase (AR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications; however, the association of the AR gene with diabetic macrovascular complications has rarely been investigated. AIM The study aimed to identify the possible association between C(-106) T polymorphism of the AR gene and diabetic macroangiopathy in a cohort of Egyptian patients with type 2 DM. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This study was conducted on 100 Egyptian subjects, the control group (n = 20) and the patient group (n = 80) with type 2 diabetes which were further subdivided into two subgroups with (n = 48) and without macroangiopathic complications (n = 32) as evidenced by carotid intima-media thickness, electrocardiography (ECG) ischemic changes, cerebrovascular insufficiency, and peripheral vascular insufficiency. SUBJECTS AND METHODS All studied subjects were subjected to detailed history taking, clinical examination, ECG, carotid ultrasonography, routine laboratory investigations, and molecular studies including the detection of AR C(-106) T gene polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULTS The genotype distribution and allele frequency of AR C(-106) T showed no statistical significance also the genotypes were not associated with any of the different studied parameters. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the C(-106) T polymorphism in the AR gene is not involved in the pathogenesis of macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Mohamed Nomair
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Dalia Aly Maharem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Matsui T, Yamagishi S, Nakamura K, Inoue H, Takeuchi M. Nifedipine, a Calcium-channel Blocker, Inhibits Advanced Glycation End-product-induced Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Human Cultured Mesangial Cells. J Int Med Res 2016; 35:107-12. [PMID: 17408061 DOI: 10.1177/147323000703500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their receptors mediates the progressive alteration in renal architecture and loss of renal function in diabetic nephropathy. This study investigated whether nifedipine, a widely used anti-hypertensive drug, suppresses expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a chemokine that mediates the recruitment of monocytes to inflammatory sites, in AGE-exposed human cultured mesangial cells. Cells were treated with 100 μg/ml AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA) or non-glycated BSA in the presence or absence of 1 μM nifedipine or 50 nM diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, for 4 or 24 h. Expression of MCP-1 mRNA was measured using a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; MCP-1 protein production was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AGEs significantly increased both MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein production in mesangial cells; this increase was blocked by both nifedipine and diphenylene iodonium. These results suggest that nifedipine could play a protective role against early diabetic nephropathy by suppressing MCP-1 overexpression via blockade of AGE signalling in mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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24
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Huang CH, Tsai MS, Chien KL, Chang WT, Wang TD, Chen SC, Ma MHM, Hsu HY, Chen WJ. Predicting the outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients using multiple biomarkers and suspension microarray assays. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27187. [PMID: 27256246 PMCID: PMC4891702 DOI: 10.1038/srep27187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the prognosis for cardiac arrest is still challenging. Combining biomarkers from diverse pathophysiological pathways may provide reliable indicators for the severity of injury and predictors of long-term outcomes. We investigated the feasibility of using a multimarker strategy with key independent biomarkers to improve the prediction of outcomes in cardiac arrest. Adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with sustained return of spontaneous circulation were prospectively enrolled in this study. Blood samples were taken at 2 and 24 hours after cardiac arrest. Suspension microarray assays were used to test 21 different biomarkers. A total of 99 patients were enrolled, 45 of whom survived to hospital discharge. We identified 11 biomarkers that, when combined with clinical variables and factors of APACHE II score and history of arrhythmia, were independent determinants for outcome of in-hospital mortality (concordance = 0.9249, standard error = 0.0779). Three biomarkers combined with APACHE II and age were independent determinants for favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge (area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve, 0.938; 95% confidence interval, 0.854 ~ 1.0). In conclusion, a systemic multiple biomarker approach using suspension microarray assays can identify independent predictors and model the outcomes of cardiac arrest patients during the post-cardiac arrest period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hua Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shan Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Chyr Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Huei-Ming Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan
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25
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Akhter F, Khan MS, Alatar AA, Faisal M, Ahmad S. Antigenic role of the adaptive immune response to d -ribose glycated LDL in diabetes, atherosclerosis and diabetes atherosclerotic patients. Life Sci 2016; 151:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Takino JI, Nagamine K, Hori T, Sakasai-Sakai A, Takeuchi M. Contribution of the toxic advanced glycation end-products-receptor axis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2459-2469. [PMID: 26483867 PMCID: PMC4606201 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i23.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The main etiologies of HCC are hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and non-hepatitis B/non-hepatitis C HCC (NBNC-HCC) has also been identified as an etiological factor. Although the incidence of HCV-related HCC in Japan has decreased slightly in recent years, that of NBNC-HCC has increased. The onset mechanism of NBNC-HCC, which has various etiologies, remains unclear; however, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is known to be an important risk factor for NBNC-HCC. Among the different advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formed by the Maillard reaction, glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs, the predominant components of toxic AGEs (TAGE), have been associated with NASH and NBNC-HCC, including NASH-related HCC. Furthermore, the expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) has been correlated with the malignant progression of HCC. Therefore, TAGE induce oxidative stress by binding with RAGE may, in turn, lead to adverse effects, such as fibrosis and malignant transformation, in hepatic stellate cells and tumor cells during NASH or NASH-related HCC progression. The aim of this review was to examine the contribution of the TAGE-RAGE axis in NASH-related HCC.
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27
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Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product: A Biomarker for Acute Coronary Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:815942. [PMID: 26491690 PMCID: PMC4605229 DOI: 10.1155/2015/815942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands are linked to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD), and circulating soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), reflecting the RAGE activity, is suggested as a potential biomarker. Elevated sRAGE levels are reported in relation to acute ischemia and this review focuses on the role of sRAGE as a biomarker for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The current studies demonstrated that sRAGE levels are elevated in relation to ACS, however during a very narrow time period, indicating that the time of sampling needs attention. Interestingly, activation of RAGE may influence the pathogenesis and reflection in sRAGE levels in acute and stable CAD differently.
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Ji K, Chen J, Hu J, Xue Y, Yin R, Lu Q, Wu W, Wang G, Wang X, Song X, Li J, Liao L, Tang J. The protective effect of astragaloside IV against benzo[a]pyrene induced endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction. Life Sci 2015; 132:13-9. [PMID: 25916804 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a prominent component of tobacco, has been revealed to induce damage to endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. In this study, we evaluated the effects of AS-IV on the function of human EPCs after BaP exposure and explored the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells were isolated using density gradient centrifugation. Cells of the 4th passage were randomly divided into 6 groups. EPCs of experimental groups were pre-treated with different concentrations (2, 10 and 50 μg/mL) of AS-IV for 2h before exposure to BaP (20 μM) for 24h. The proliferation, migration, and adhesion of the treated EPCs were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8, Transwell assay and adhesion assay respectively. Interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, malondialdehyde and SOD contents in the supernatant were evaluated. The expression of RAGE protein was measured by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS The results demonstrated that AS-IV pre-treatment significantly improved BaP-induced dysfunction of EPCs in terms of proliferation, migration and adhesion. Furthermore, AS-IV reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α of the BaP-treated EPCs. Finally AS-IV pre-treated EPCs showed an increased SOD activity and decreased RAGE protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE AS-IV is able to prevent BaP-mediated EPC dysfunction by at least inhibiting oxidative stress through the RAGE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangting Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Cardiac Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jianjian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yangjing Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ripeng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wenwu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xifa Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lianming Liao
- Department of Oncology, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jifei Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Downs CA, Faulkner MS. Toxic stress, inflammation and symptomatology of chronic complications in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:554-565. [PMID: 25987953 PMCID: PMC4434076 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i4.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects at least 382 million people worldwide and the incidence is expected to reach 592 million by 2035. The incidence of diabetes in youth is skyrocketing as evidenced by a 21% increase in type 1 diabetes and a 30.5% increase in type 2 diabetes in the United States between 2001 and 2009. The effects of toxic stress, the culmination of biological and environmental interactions, on the development of diabetes complications is gaining attention. Stress impacts the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and contributes to inflammation, a key biological contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its associated complications. This review provides an overview of common diabetic complications such as neuropathy, cognitive decline, depression, nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. The review also provides a discussion of the role of inflammation and stress in the development and progression of chronic complications of diabetes, associated symptomatology and importance of early identification of symptoms of depression, fatigue, exercise intolerance and pain.
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30
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Dhumale SS, Waghela BN, Pathak C. Quercetin protects necrotic insult and promotes apoptosis by attenuating the expression of RAGE and its ligand HMGB1 in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:361-73. [PMID: 25983116 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is normally expressed on immune cells, including macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and T cells to maintain homeostasis, but highly upregulated at sites of vascular pathology. Accumulating evidence suggest that the elevated expression of RAGE and its ligand HMGB-1 was found in various types of cancer. The accumulation of RAGE and its ligand high-mobility group box proteins-1 (HMGB1) activates complex signaling network for cell survival and evades apoptosis. Therefore, targeting the RAGE-mediated signaling could be the promising strategies for the therapeutic potential of cancer. This study was aimed to examine the biological potential of quercetin on the regulation of RAGE- and HMGB1-mediated activation of NF-κB and induction of apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells. Our findings demonstrate that quercetin inhibits the expression of RAGE and HMGB1 in MCF-7 cells. In addition, quercetin protects necrotic insult and augments apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that quercetin plays an important role in modulating RAGE and HMGB1 signaling and induces apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhashini S Dhumale
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Bhargav N Waghela
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, India
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31
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Tekabe Y, Anthony T, Li Q, Ray R, Rai V, Zhang G, Schmidt AM, Johnson LL. Treatment effect with anti-RAGE F(ab')2 antibody improves hind limb angiogenesis and blood flow in Type 1 diabetic mice with left femoral artery ligation. Vasc Med 2015; 20:212-8. [PMID: 25808570 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x14568337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated treatment with a receptor for advanced glycation endproduct (RAGE) blocking antibody on angiogenic response to hind limb ischemia in diabetic mice. Streptozotocin treated C57BL/6 mice received either murine monoclonal anti-RAGE F(ab')2 intraperitoneally (n=10) or saline (n=9) for 9 weeks. Diabetic plus 10 non-diabetic C57BL/6 mice underwent left femoral artery ligation and 5 days later angiogenesis imaging with (99m)Tc-Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) nanoSPECT/CT. Twenty-four days later, hind limb blood flow was measured with ultrasound, the mice were euthanized, and tissue was taken for immunohistochemistry. The angiogenic imaging signal in ischemic limbs was higher in RAGE-ab treated versus saline treated mice at day 5 (3.1±1.4 vs 1.68±0.35, p=0.02) and blood flow was higher at day 24 (1.49±0.5 vs 0.61±0.39, p=0.04). Immunohistochemistry of ischemic muscles showed greater capillary density in the RAGE-ab treated group versus the vehicle-treated group (p<0.001) (NS from non-diabetic mice). In conclusion, treatment with anti-RAGE F(ab')2 in diabetic mice improves neovascularization in the ischemic leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yared Tekabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamykah Anthony
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rashmi Ray
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vivek Rai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Geping Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynne L Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Hu H, Jiang H, Ren H, Hu X, Wang X, Han C. AGEs and chronic subclinical inflammation in diabetes: disorders of immune system. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:127-37. [PMID: 24846076 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic subclinical inflammation represents a risk factor of type 2 diabetes and several diabetes complications, including neuropathy and atherosclerosis including macro-vasculopathy and micro-vasculopathy. However, the inflammatory response in the diabetic wound was shown to be remarkably hypocellular, unregulated and ineffective. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and one of its receptors, RAGE, were involved in inducing chronic immune imbalance in diabetic patients. Such interactions attracts immune cell into diffused glycated tissue and activates these cells to induce inflammatory damage, but disturbs the normal immune rhythm in diabetic wound. Traditional measurements of AGEs are high-performance liquid chromatography and immunohistochemistry staining, but their application faces the limitations including complexity, cost and lack of reproducibility. A new noninvasive method emerged in 2004, using skin autofluorescence as indicator for AGEs accumulation. It had been reported to be informative in evaluating the chronic risk of diabetic patients. Studies have indicated therapeutic potentials of anti-AGE recipes. These recipes can reduce AGE absorption/de novo formation, block AGE-RAGE interaction and arrest downstream signaling after RAGE activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Hu
- Department of Burns and Wound Center, Second Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, PR China
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de Oliveira Alvim R, Mourao-Junior CA, de Oliveira CM, de Faria Lima R, Horimoto ARVR, Hong VAC, Bortolotto LA, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. Glycemic control and arterial stiffness in a Brazilian rural population: Baependi Heart Study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:86. [PMID: 26445602 PMCID: PMC4595065 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased arterial stiffness predicts morbidity and mortality, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors, and glycemic control impairments are related to higher vascular stiffness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between HbA1c levels and increased arterial stiffness in a Brazilian rural population. METHODS For this study were selected 1675 individuals (both genders and aged over 18 years) resident in the municipality of Baependi, a city located in the Southeast of Brazil. HbA1c levels were determined by HPLC. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured with a non-invasive automatic device (Complior). RESULTS HbA1c levels were associated with an increased PWV. This was more relevant for the third tertile of age. In addition, logistic regression multivariate model including age, blood pressure, gender, BMI and fasting glucose showed that the elevation of a single unit percentage of HbA1c represented an increase of 54 % in the odds of increased arterial stiffness [OR 1.54 (95 % CI 1.01-2.17)]. Both, HbA1c and fasting glucose showed higher discriminatory power in the risk assessment for increased arterial stiffness in the non-diabetic when compared to the diabetic group (AUC of HbA1c = 0.71 vs 0.57, p = 0.02; AUC of fasting glucose = 0.66 vs 0.45, p = 0.0007, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that a increase in HbA1c levels is associated with increased arterial stiffness and that both, HbA1c and fasting glucose, presented higher discriminatory power in the risk assessment for increased arterial stiffness in the non-diabetic group as compared to diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Oliveira Alvim
- />Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mourao-Junior
- />Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário – Bairro Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais - MG CEP 36036-900 Brazil
| | - Camila Maciel de Oliveira
- />Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário – Bairro Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais - MG CEP 36036-900 Brazil
| | - Rerisson de Faria Lima
- />Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Andréa Roseli Vançan Russo Horimoto
- />Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Valéria Aparecida Costa Hong
- />Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Cerqueira César, Sãos Paulo, SP CEP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Luiz Aparecido Bortolotto
- />Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Cerqueira César, Sãos Paulo, SP CEP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- />Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Alexandre Costa Pereira
- />Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 05403-000 Brazil
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Takeuchi M, Takino JI, Sakasai-Sakai A, Takata T, Ueda T, Tsutsumi M, Hyogo H, Yamagishi SI. Involvement of the TAGE-RAGE system in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Novel treatment strategies. World J Hepatol 2014; 6:880-893. [PMID: 25544875 PMCID: PMC4269907 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i12.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver disease around the world. It includes a spectrum of conditions from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is also associated with other medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia contributes to the development of both macro- and microvascular conditions through a variety of metabolic pathways. Thus, it can cause a variety of metabolic and hemodynamic conditions, including upregulated advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) synthesis. In our previous study, the most abundant type of toxic AGEs (TAGE); i.e., glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs, were found to make a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of DM-induced angiopathy. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that the binding of TAGE with their receptor (RAGE) induces oxidative damage, promotes inflammation, and causes changes in intracellular signaling and the expression levels of certain genes in various cell populations including hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. All of these effects could facilitate the pathogenesis of hypertension, cancer, diabetic vascular complications, CVD, dementia, and NASH. Thus, inhibiting TAGE synthesis, preventing TAGE from binding to RAGE, and downregulating RAGE expression and/or the expression of associated effector molecules all have potential as therapeutic strategies against NASH. Here, we examine the contributions of RAGE and TAGE to various conditions and novel treatments that target them in order to prevent the development and/or progression of NASH.
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35
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Takeuchi M, Takino JI, Sakasai-Sakai A, Takata T, Ueda T, Tsutsumi M, Hyogo H, Yamagishi SI. Involvement of the TAGE-RAGE system in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Novel treatment strategies. World J Hepatol 2014. [PMID: 25544875 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.6.i12.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver disease around the world. It includes a spectrum of conditions from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is also associated with other medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia contributes to the development of both macro- and microvascular conditions through a variety of metabolic pathways. Thus, it can cause a variety of metabolic and hemodynamic conditions, including upregulated advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) synthesis. In our previous study, the most abundant type of toxic AGEs (TAGE); i.e., glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs, were found to make a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of DM-induced angiopathy. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that the binding of TAGE with their receptor (RAGE) induces oxidative damage, promotes inflammation, and causes changes in intracellular signaling and the expression levels of certain genes in various cell populations including hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. All of these effects could facilitate the pathogenesis of hypertension, cancer, diabetic vascular complications, CVD, dementia, and NASH. Thus, inhibiting TAGE synthesis, preventing TAGE from binding to RAGE, and downregulating RAGE expression and/or the expression of associated effector molecules all have potential as therapeutic strategies against NASH. Here, we examine the contributions of RAGE and TAGE to various conditions and novel treatments that target them in order to prevent the development and/or progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Masayoshi Takeuchi, Akiko Sakasai-Sakai, Takanobu Takata, Tadashi Ueda, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Takino
- Masayoshi Takeuchi, Akiko Sakasai-Sakai, Takanobu Takata, Tadashi Ueda, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakasai-Sakai
- Masayoshi Takeuchi, Akiko Sakasai-Sakai, Takanobu Takata, Tadashi Ueda, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takanobu Takata
- Masayoshi Takeuchi, Akiko Sakasai-Sakai, Takanobu Takata, Tadashi Ueda, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Masayoshi Takeuchi, Akiko Sakasai-Sakai, Takanobu Takata, Tadashi Ueda, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Tsutsumi
- Masayoshi Takeuchi, Akiko Sakasai-Sakai, Takanobu Takata, Tadashi Ueda, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Masayoshi Takeuchi, Akiko Sakasai-Sakai, Takanobu Takata, Tadashi Ueda, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Masayoshi Takeuchi, Akiko Sakasai-Sakai, Takanobu Takata, Tadashi Ueda, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Zhao J, Randive R, Stewart JA. Molecular mechanisms of AGE/RAGE-mediated fibrosis in the diabetic heart. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:860-867. [PMID: 25512788 PMCID: PMC4265872 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is one of the main characteristics of diabetes. Persistent exposure to elevated glucose levels has been recognized as one of the major causal factors of diabetic complications. In pathologies, like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), mechanical and biochemical stimuli activate profibrotic signaling cascades resulting in myocardial fibrosis and subsequent impaired cardiac performance due to ventricular stiffness. High levels of glucose nonenzymatically react with long-lived proteins, such as collagen, to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGE-modified collagen increase matrix stiffness making it resistant to hydrolytic turnover, resulting in an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. AGEs account for many of the diabetic cardiovascular complications through their engagement of the receptor for AGE (RAGE). AGE/RAGE activation stimulates the secretion of numerous profibrotic growth factors, promotes increased collagen deposition leading to tissue fibrosis, as well as increased RAGE expression. To date, the AGE/RAGE cascade is not fully understood. In this review, we will discuss one of the major fibrotic signaling pathways, the AGE/RAGE signaling cascade, as well as propose an alternate pathway via Rap1a that may offer insight into cardiovascular ECM remodeling in T2DM. In a series of studies, we demonstrate a role for Rap1a in the regulation of fibrosis and myofibroblast differentiation in isolated diabetic and non-diabetic fibroblasts. While these studies are still in a preliminary stage, inhibiting Rap1a protein expression appears to down-regulate the molecular switch used to activate the ζ isotype of protein kinase C thereby promote AGE/RAGE-mediated fibrosis.
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Thomas SJ, Sarver JJ, Yannascoli SM, Tucker JJ, Kelly JD, Ahima RS, Barbe MF, Soslowsky LJ. Effect of isolated hyperglycemia on native mechanical and biologic shoulder joint properties in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1464-70. [PMID: 25070655 PMCID: PMC4406419 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, diabetes has been linked to rotator cuff disease and adhesive capsulitis, conditions with increased stiffness and inflammation. Unfortunately, limited research exists examining how hyperglycemia affects the native shoulder (tendon and capsule) properties. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare shoulder joint mechanics, tendon properties (mechanics and immunohistochemistry), and capsule of healthy control and hyperglycemic rats 8 weeks following induction of hyperglycemia with a submaximal dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Eighteen rats were injected with STZ to induce hyperglycemia or citrate buffer (control) and underwent normal cage activity for 8 weeks. Passive joint mechanics demonstrated significantly less external rotation in the hyperglycemic group compared to controls, with no other group differences. Tendon mechanical properties (stiffness and modulus) were not significantly different between groups at both the insertion site and mid-substance. Immunohistochemistry staining of the tendon and capsule demonstrated significantly increased interleukin 1-beta (IL1-β) and advanced glycated end-products (AGE) staining localized to the insertion and mid-substance of the tendon but not the capsule. In addition, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) staining was significantly increased in the superior capsule but not the supraspinatus tendon. This study demonstrates that isolated hypergylcemia does not diminish shoulder mechanical properties but does induce a chronic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Thomas
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph J. Sarver
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Yannascoli
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennica J. Tucker
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John D. Kelly
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis J. Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wang AYM, Wong CK, Yau YY, Wong S, Chan IHS, Lam CWK. Skin Autofluorescence Associates With Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1784-90. [PMID: 24876353 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Yee-Moon Wang
- From the Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.Y.-M.W., S.W.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China (C.-K.W.); Biomedical Imaging Center, Central, Hong Kong, China (Y.-Y.Y.); Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China (I.H.-S.C.); and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- From the Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.Y.-M.W., S.W.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China (C.-K.W.); Biomedical Imaging Center, Central, Hong Kong, China (Y.-Y.Y.); Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China (I.H.-S.C.); and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yat-Yin Yau
- From the Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.Y.-M.W., S.W.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China (C.-K.W.); Biomedical Imaging Center, Central, Hong Kong, China (Y.-Y.Y.); Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China (I.H.-S.C.); and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Sharon Wong
- From the Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.Y.-M.W., S.W.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China (C.-K.W.); Biomedical Imaging Center, Central, Hong Kong, China (Y.-Y.Y.); Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China (I.H.-S.C.); and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Iris Hiu-Shuen Chan
- From the Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.Y.-M.W., S.W.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China (C.-K.W.); Biomedical Imaging Center, Central, Hong Kong, China (Y.-Y.Y.); Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China (I.H.-S.C.); and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- From the Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.Y.-M.W., S.W.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China (C.-K.W.); Biomedical Imaging Center, Central, Hong Kong, China (Y.-Y.Y.); Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China (I.H.-S.C.); and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Association between the receptor for advanced glycation end products gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 40:6097-105. [PMID: 24078092 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a cell-surface molecule member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and thought to play a critical role in diabetic atherosclerosis. A growing body of studies has been conducted to determine the extent to which the variants of RAGE gene influence the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, these have reported conflicting results. To investigate this inconsistency, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis on the associations between the RAGE -374T/A, -429T/C, and Gly82Ser polymorphisms and the risk of CAD. A total of 4,402 cases and 6,081 controls from 17 published case-control studies were included. The overall odds ratio (OR) of CAD was 0.99 (95 % CI 0.87-1.13), 1.06 (95 % CI 0.95-1.18) and 1.12 (95 % CI 0.90-1.39) for -374A, -429C, and the minor S allele of the Gly82Ser polymorphism, respectively. Similarly, no significant results were observed for these polymorphisms using dominant model. However, when stratified by diabetic/non-diabetic status of the CAD patients, we found significant association among Caucasian type two diabetic CAD patients with the -374A allele [OR 1.39, 95 % CI 1.10-1.76, P(Z) = 0.006], while no association was detected between the -374T/A polymorphism and non-diabetic CAD in Caucasians [OR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.58-1.07, P(Z) = 0.13]. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that possession of the -374A allele may be a risk factor in CAD among Caucasian patients with type two diabetes.
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Xiao L, Sun W, Lan W, Xiong Y, Duan Z, Zhang Z, Fan W, Xu L, Xie X, Ma N, Ye R, Xu G, Liu X, Zhu W. Correlation between cerebral microbleeds and S100B/RAGE in acute lacunar stroke patients. J Neurol Sci 2014; 340:208-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes affects cardiac tissue through several different, yet interconnected, pathways. Damage to endothelial cells from direct exposure to high blood glucose is a primary cause of deregulated heart function. Toxic by-products of non-enzymatic glycolysis, mainly methylglyoxal, have been shown to contribute to the endothelial cell damage. Methylglyoxal is a precursor for advanced glycation end-products, and, although it is detoxified by the glyoxalase system, this protection mechanism fails in diabetes. Recent work has identified methylglyoxal as a therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiovascular complications in diabetes. A better understanding of the glyoxalase system and the effects of methylglyoxal may lead to more advanced strategies for treating cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.
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Dhar I, Dhar A, Wu L, Desai KM. Methylglyoxal, a reactive glucose metabolite, increases renin angiotensin aldosterone and blood pressure in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:308-16. [PMID: 24436324 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of people with diabetes develop hypertension along with increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system. Methylglyoxal, a reactive glucose metabolite, is elevated in diabetic patients. We investigated the effects of methylglyoxal on the renin-angiotensin system and blood pressure. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a continuous infusion of methylglyoxal with a minipump for 4 weeks. Organs/tissues and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used for molecular studies. High-performance liquid chromatography, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to measure methylglyoxal, proteins, and mRNA, respectively. Small interfering RNA for angiotensinogen and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) were used to study mechanisms. RESULTS Methylglyoxal-treated rats developed a significant increase in blood pressure and plasma levels of aldosterone, renin, angiotensin, and catecholamines. Methylglyoxal level and protein and mRNA for angiotensin, AT1 receptor, adrenergic α1D receptor, and renin were significantly increased in the aorta and/or kidney of methylglyoxal-treated rats, a novel finding. Alagebrium attenuated the above effects of methylgloyxal. Treatment of cultured VSMCs with methylglyoxal or high glucose (25 mM) significantly increased cellular methylglyoxal and protein and mRNA for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), angiotensin, AT1 receptor, and α1D receptor, which were prevented by inhibition of NF-κB, and by alagebrium. Silencing of mRNA for RAGE prevented the increase in NF-kB induced by methylglyoxal. Silencing of mRNA for angiotensinogen prevented the increase in NF-κB, angiotensin, AT1 receptor, and α1D receptor. CONCLUSIONS Methylglyoxal activates NF-κB through RAGE and thereby increases renin-angiotensin levels, a novel finding, and a probable mechanism of increase in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Dhar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Vedantham S, Thiagarajan D, Ananthakrishnan R, Wang L, Rosario R, Zou YS, Goldberg I, Yan SF, Schmidt AM, Ramasamy R. Aldose reductase drives hyperacetylation of Egr-1 in hyperglycemia and consequent upregulation of proinflammatory and prothrombotic signals. Diabetes 2014; 63:761-74. [PMID: 24186862 PMCID: PMC3900544 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sustained increases in glucose flux via the aldose reductase (AR) pathway have been linked to diabetic vascular complications. Previous studies revealed that glucose flux via AR mediates endothelial dysfunction and leads to lesional hemorrhage in diabetic human AR (hAR) expressing mice in an apoE(-/-) background. Our studies revealed sustained activation of Egr-1 with subsequent induction of its downstream target genes tissue factor (TF) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in diabetic apoE(-/-)hAR mice aortas and in high glucose-treated primary murine aortic endothelial cells expressing hAR. Furthermore, we observed that flux via AR impaired NAD(+) homeostasis and reduced activity of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase Sirt-1 leading to acetylation and prolonged expression of Egr-1 in hyperglycemic conditions. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which glucose flux via AR triggers activation, acetylation, and prolonged expression of Egr-1 leading to proinflammatory and prothrombotic responses in diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Vedantham
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Devi Thiagarajan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Radha Ananthakrishnan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lingjie Wang
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rosa Rosario
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yu Shan Zou
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ira Goldberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Shi Fang Yan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Corresponding author: Ravichandran Ramasamy,
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Galla JM, Nicholls SJ. Pharmacologic therapy for coronary atherosclerosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 7:85-93. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.7.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Saleh A, Smith DR, Tessler L, Mateo AR, Martens C, Schartner E, Van der Ploeg R, Toth C, Zochodne DW, Fernyhough P. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) activates divergent signaling pathways to augment neurite outgrowth of adult sensory neurons. Exp Neurol 2013; 249:149-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kikuchi K, Tancharoen S, Ito T, Morimoto-Yamashita Y, Miura N, Kawahara KI, Maruyama I, Murai Y, Tanaka E. Potential of the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) telmisartan, irbesartan, and candesartan for inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE axis in prevention and acute treatment of stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18899-924. [PMID: 24065095 PMCID: PMC3794813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. The main cause of stroke is atherosclerosis, and the most common risk factor for atherosclerosis is hypertension. Therefore, antihypertensive treatments are recommended for the prevention of stroke. Three angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), telmisartan, irbesartan and candesartan, inhibit the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), which is one of the pleiotropic effects of these drugs. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the ligand of RAGE, and has been recently identified as a lethal mediator of severe sepsis. HMGB1 is an intracellular protein, which acts as an inflammatory cytokine when released into the extracellular milieu. Extracellular HMGB1 causes multiple organ failure and contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and stroke. This is the first review of the literature evaluating the potential of three ARBs for the HMGB1-RAGE axis on stroke therapy, including prevention and acute treatment. This review covers clinical and experimental studies conducted between 1976 and 2013. We propose that ARBs, which inhibit the HMGB1/RAGE axis, may offer a novel option for prevention and acute treatment of stroke. However, additional clinical studies are necessary to verify the efficacy of ARBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothe Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; E-Mails: (K.K.); (S.T.)
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mail:
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothe Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; E-Mails: (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; E-Mails: (T.I.); (I.M.)
| | - Yoko Morimoto-Yamashita
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Naoki Miura
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Ko-ichi Kawahara
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Department of Biomedical Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; E-Mails: (T.I.); (I.M.)
| | - Yoshinaka Murai
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Eiichiro Tanaka
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-942-31-7542; Fax: +81-942-31-7695
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Dhar I, Dhar A, Wu L, Desai KM. Increased methylglyoxal formation with upregulation of renin angiotensin system in fructose fed Sprague Dawley rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74212. [PMID: 24040205 PMCID: PMC3769342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes is attributed to a high carbohydrate diet, containing mainly high fructose corn syrup and sucrose. More than two thirds of diabetic patients have hypertension. Methylglyoxal is a highly reactive dicarbonyl generated during glucose and fructose metabolism, and a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Plasma methylglyoxal levels are increased in hypertensive rats and diabetic patients. Our aim was to examine the levels of methylglyoxal, mediators of the renin angiotensin system and blood pressure in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a high fructose diet (60% of total calories) for 4 months. The thoracic aorta and kidney were used for molecular studies, along with cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). HPLC, Western blotting and Q-PCR were used to measure methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione (GSH), proteins and mRNA, respectively. Fructose treated rats developed a significant increase in blood pressure. Methylglyoxal level and protein and mRNA for angiotensin II, AT1 receptor, adrenergic α1D receptor and renin were significantly increased, whereas GSH levels were decreased, in the aorta and/or kidney of fructose fed rats. The protein expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and NF-κB were also significantly increased in the aorta of fructose fed rats. MG treated VSMCs showed increased protein for angiotensin II, AT1 receptor, and α1D receptor. The effects of methylglyoxal were attenuated by metformin, a methylglyoxal scavenger and AGEs inhibitor. In conclusion, we report a strong association between elevated levels of methylglyoxal, RAGE, NF-κB, mediators of the renin angiotensin system and blood pressure in high fructose diet fed rats.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/blood
- Angiotensin II/genetics
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects
- Fructose/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glutathione/blood
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/blood
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- Pyruvaldehyde/blood
- Pyruvaldehyde/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/blood
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/blood
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/blood
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Renin/blood
- Renin/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Dhar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (LW); (KD)
| | - Kaushik M. Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail: (LW); (KD)
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Lopes-Virella MF, Virella G. Pathogenic role of modified LDL antibodies and immune complexes in atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:743-54. [PMID: 23965492 DOI: 10.5551/jat.19281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence supporting a key role of the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis, given that both activated Th cells producing predominantly interferon-γ and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and the corresponding antibodies have been isolated from atheromatous plaques. Studies carried out using immune complexes (IC) prepared with human LDL and rabbit antibodies have demonstrated proatherogenic and pro-inflammatory properties, mostly dependent on the engagement of Fcγ receptors Ⅰ and Ⅱ in macrophages and macrophage-like cell lines. Following the development of a methodology for isolating modified LDL (mLDL) antibodies from serum and isolated IC, it was confirmed that antibodies reacting with oxLDL and advanced glycation end product-modified LDL are predominantly IgG of subtypes 1 and 3 and that mLDL IC prepared with human reagents possesses pro-inflammatory and proatherogenic properties. In previous studies, LDL separated from isolated IC has been analyzed for its modifications, and the reactivity of antibodies isolated from the same IC with different LDL modifications has been tested. Recently, we obtained strong evidence suggesting that the effects of mLDL IC on phagocytic cells are modulated by the composition of the mLDL. Clinical studies have shown that the level of mLDL in circulating IC is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and, in diabetic patients, other significant complications, such as nephropathy and retinopathy. In conclusion, there is convincing ex vivo and clinical data supporting the hypothesis that, in humans, the humoral immune response to mLDL is pathogenic rather than protective.
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Dorecka M, Siemianowicz K, Francuz T, Garczorz W, Chyra A, Klych A, Romaniuk W. Exendin-4 and GLP-1 decreases induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and RAGE in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:884-90. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Di Marco E, Gray SP, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Diabetes alters activation and repression of pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways in the vasculature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:68. [PMID: 23761786 PMCID: PMC3672854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A central mechanism driving vascular disease in diabetes is immune cell-mediated inflammation. In diabetes, enhanced oxidation and glycation of macromolecules, such as lipoproteins, insults the endothelium, and activates both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system by generating new antigens for presentation to adaptive immune cells. Chronic inflammation of the endothelium in diabetes leads to continuous infiltration and accumulation of leukocytes at sites of endothelial cell injury. We will describe the central role of the macrophage as a source of signaling molecules and damaging by-products which activate infiltrating lymphocytes in the tissue and contribute to the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory microenvironment. An important aspect to be considered is the diabetes-associated defects in the immune system, such as fewer or dysfunctional athero-protective leukocyte subsets in the diabetic lesion compared to non-diabetic lesions. This review will discuss the key pro-inflammatory signaling pathways responsible for leukocyte recruitment and activation in the injured vessel, with particular focus on pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways aberrantly activated or repressed in diabetes. We aim to describe the interaction between advanced glycation end products and their principle receptor RAGE, angiotensin II, and the Ang II type 1 receptor, in addition to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by NADPH-oxidase enzymes that are relevant to vascular and immune cell function in the context of diabetic vasculopathy. Furthermore, we will touch on recent advances in epigenetic medicine that have revealed high glucose-mediated changes in the transcription of genes with known pro-inflammatory downstream targets. Finally, novel anti-atherosclerosis strategies that target the vascular immune interface will be explored; such as vaccination against modified low-density lipoprotein and pharmacological inhibition of ROS-producing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Di Marco
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Gray
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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