1
|
More SJ, Bampidis V, Benford D, Bragard C, Halldorsson TI, Hernández‐Jerez AF, Bennekou SH, Koutsoumanis K, Lambré C, Machera K, Mullins E, Nielsen SS, Schlatter JR, Schrenk D, Turck D, Younes M, Boon P, Ferns GAA, Lindtner O, Smolders E, Wilks M, Bastaki M, de Sesmaisons‐Lecarré A, Ferreira L, Greco L, Kass GEN, Riolo F, Leblanc J. Re-evaluation of the existing health-based guidance values for copper and exposure assessment from all sources. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07728. [PMID: 36694841 PMCID: PMC9843535 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient and also a regulated product used in organic and in conventional farming pest management. Both deficiency and excessive exposure to copper can have adverse health effects. In this Scientific Opinion, the EFSA 2021 harmonised approach for establishing health-based guidance values (HBGVs) for substances that are regulated products and also nutrients was used to resolve the divergent existing HBGVs for copper. The tightly regulated homeostasis prevents toxicity manifestation in the short term, but the development of chronic copper toxicity is dependent on copper homeostasis and its tissue retention. Evidence from Wilson disease suggests that hepatic retention is indicative of potential future and possibly sudden onset of copper toxicity under conditions of continuous intake. Hence, emphasis was placed on copper retention as an early marker of potential adverse effects. The relationships between (a) chronic copper exposure and its retention in the body, particularly the liver, and (b) hepatic copper concentrations and evidence of toxicity were examined. The Scientific Committee (SC) concludes that no retention of copper is expected to occur with intake of 5 mg/day and established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.07 mg/kg bw. A refined dietary exposure assessment was performed, assessing contribution from dietary and non-dietary sources. Background copper levels are a significant source of copper. The contribution of copper from its use as plant protection product (PPP), food and feed additives or fertilisers is negligible. The use of copper in fertilisers or PPPs contributes to copper accumulation in soil. Infant formula and follow-on formula are important contributors to dietary exposure of copper in infants and toddlers. Contribution from non-oral sources is negligible. Dietary exposure to total copper does not exceed the HBGV in adolescents, adults, elderly and the very elderly. Neither hepatic copper retention nor adverse effects are expected to occur from the estimated copper exposure in children due to higher nutrient requirements related to growth.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Wang N, Pan D, Zhang H, Sun G. Effects of Copper Supplementation on Blood Lipid Level: a Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis on Randomized Clinical Trials. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2851-2857. [PMID: 33030656 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies have evaluated the effect of copper (Cu) supplementation on blood lipid level. We therefore investigated whether the supplement of Cu on blood lipid level will have an impact in a meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (from database to January 2020). Randomized controlled trials of Cu supplementation on blood lipid level were retrieved according to the requirements of systematic review, and the quality of the included research was evaluated. Then the meta-analysis was performed. Data from 5 trials representing 176 participants were examined. Pooled mean net change in total cholesterol (TC) (standard mean difference(SMD) [95% CI] = - 0.05 [- 0.52, 0.43]), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD [95% CI] = 0.22 [- 0.46, 0.89]), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD [95% CI] = 0.18 [- 0.14, 0.49]) for those treated with Cu supplementation had no significant difference when compared with control. Cu supplementation has not affected blood lipids in the result of meta-analysis. More research is needed to determine if this pattern will apply broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Niannian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McCarty MF. Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073321. [PMID: 33805039 PMCID: PMC8037104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although well documented drug therapies are available for the management of ventricular hypertrophy (VH) and heart failure (HF), most patients nonetheless experience a downhill course, and further therapeutic measures are needed. Nutraceutical, dietary, and lifestyle measures may have particular merit in this regard, as they are currently available, relatively safe and inexpensive, and can lend themselves to primary prevention as well. A consideration of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the VH/HF syndrome suggests that measures which control oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that support effective nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide bioactivity, that prevent a reduction in cardiomyocyte pH, and that boost the production of protective hormones, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), while suppressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and marinobufagenin, may have utility for preventing and controlling this syndrome. Agents considered in this essay include phycocyanobilin, N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, ferulic acid, zinc, selenium, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, melatonin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, berberine, citrulline, high-dose folate, cocoa flavanols, hawthorn extract, dietary nitrate, high-dose biotin, soy isoflavones, taurine, carnitine, magnesium orotate, EPA-rich fish oil, glycine, and copper. The potential advantages of whole-food plant-based diets, moderation in salt intake, avoidance of phosphate additives, and regular exercise training and sauna sessions are also discussed. There should be considerable scope for the development of functional foods and supplements which make it more convenient and affordable for patients to consume complementary combinations of the agents discussed here. Research Strategy: Key word searching of PubMed was employed to locate the research papers whose findings are cited in this essay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morel S, Amre D, Teasdale E, Caru M, Laverdière C, Krajinovic M, Sinnett D, Curnier D, Levy E, Marcil V. Dietary Intakes Are Associated with HDL-Cholesterol in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2977. [PMID: 31817482 PMCID: PMC6950746 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) are at high risk of developing dyslipidemia, including low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). This study aimed to examine the associations between food/nutrient intake and the levels of HDL-C in a cohort of children and young adult survivors of cALL. Eligible participants (n = 241) were survivors of cALL (49.4% boys; median age: 21.7 years old) recruited as part of the PETALE study. Nutritional data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood was used to determine participants' lipid profile. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations between intakes of macro- and micronutrients and food groups and plasma lipids. We found that 41.3% of cALL survivors had at least one abnormal lipid value. Specifically, 12.2% had high triglycerides, 17.4% high LDL-cholesterol, and 23.1% low HDL-C. Low HDL-C was inversely associated with high intake (third vs. first tertile) of several nutrients: proteins (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08-0.92), zinc (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.84), copper (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.99), selenium (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.59), niacin (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.84), riboflavin (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.76) and vitamin B12 (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.90). High meat consumption was also inversely associated (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.83) with low HDL-C while fast food was positively associated (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.03-5.63) with low HDL-C. The role of nutrition in the development of dyslipidemia after cancer treatment needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Morel
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.M.); (E.T.); (E.L.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Devendra Amre
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (D.A.); (C.L.); (M.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Emma Teasdale
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.M.); (E.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Maxime Caru
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (D.A.); (C.L.); (M.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (D.A.); (C.L.); (M.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (D.A.); (C.L.); (M.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniel Curnier
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.M.); (E.T.); (E.L.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.M.); (E.T.); (E.L.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DiNicolantonio JJ, Mangan D, O'Keefe JH. Copper deficiency may be a leading cause of ischaemic heart disease. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000784. [PMID: 30364437 PMCID: PMC6196933 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zang X, Huang H, Zhuang Z, Chen R, Xie Z, Xu C, Mo X. The association between serum copper concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents in NHANES. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16951-16958. [PMID: 29623647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential element in human beings, alterations in serum copper levels could potentially have effect on human health. To date, no data are available regarding how serum copper affects cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in children and adolescents. We examined the association between serum copper levels and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. We analyzed data consisting of 1427 subjects from a nationally representative sample of the US population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. The CVD risk factors included total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glycohemoglobin, fasting insulin, and blood pressure. Multivariate and generalized linear regressions were performed to investigate associations adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, poverty:income ratio (PIR), BMI, energy intake, and physical activity. We found significant associations between serum copper and total cholesterol (coefficient = 0.132; 95% CI 0.081, 0.182; P for trend < 0.001), glycohemoglobin (coefficient = 0.044; 95% CI 0.020, 0.069; P < 0.001), and fasting insulin (coefficient = 0.730; 95% CI 0.410, 1.050; P < 0.001) among the included participants. Moreover, in the generalized linear models, subjects with the highest copper levels demonstrated a 0.83% (95% CI 0.44%, 1.24%) greater increase in serum total cholesterol (p for trend < 0.001) when compared to participants with the lowest copper concentrations. Our results provide the first epidemiological evidence that serum copper concentrations are associated with total cholesterol concentrations in children and adolescents. However, the underlying mechanisms still need further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hesuyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhulun Zhuang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zongyun Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|