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Rohani, Febrina E, Wahyuni IS, Levita J. Pharmacological and Clinical Studies of Medicinal Plants That Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3473-3491. [PMID: 38024536 PMCID: PMC10680473 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s426870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). DPP-IV plays a significant role in regulating blood glucose levels by modulating the activity of GLP-1. In the context of diabetes, DPP-IV inhibitors effectively block the activity of DPP-IV, hence mitigating the degradation of GLP-1. This, in turn, leads to an extension of GLP-1's duration of action, prolongs gastric emptying, enhances insulin sensitivity, and ultimately results in the reduction of blood glucose levels. Nonetheless, reported adverse events of DPP-IV inhibitors on T2DM patients make it essential to understand the activity and mechanism of these drugs, particularly viewed from the perspective of finding the effective and safe add-on medicinal plants, to be implemented in clinical practice. This review is intended to bring forth a thorough overview of plants that work by reducing DPP-IV activity, from computational technique, enzymatic study, animal experiments, and studies in humans. The articles were searched on PubMed using "Plants", "DPP-IV", "DPP-IV inhibitor", "GLP-1", "Type 2 diabetes", "diabetes", "in silico", "in vitro", "in vivo", "studies in human", "clinical study" as the query words, and filtered for ten years of publication period. Eighteen plants showed inhibition against DPP-IV as proven by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies; however, only ten plants were reported for efficacy in clinical studies. Several plant-based DPP-IV inhibitors, eg, Allium sativum, Morus Alba, Curcuma longa, Pterocarpus marsupium, and Taraxacum officinale, have established their functional role in inhibiting DPP-IV and have proven their effectiveness through studies in humans earning them a prominent place in therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohani
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Ellin Febrina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Indah Suasani Wahyuni
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Tang C, Bao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao L, Tong X. Clinical potential and mechanistic insights of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focusing on gut microbiota, inflammation, and metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116143. [PMID: 36632855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural herbs are gradually gaining recognition for their efficacy and safety in preventing diabetes and improving quality of life. Morus alba L. is a plant widely grown in Asia and is a traditional Chinese herb with a long history of use. Furthermore, several parts of Morus alba L. have been found to have significant health benefits. In particular, mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (ML) have been shown in human and animal studies to be promising hypoglycemic agents that can reduce or prevent glucolipid metabolism disorders caused by imbalances in the gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress and have demonstrated significant improvements in glucose metabolism-related markers, effectively lowering blood glucose, and reducing hyperglycemia-induced target organ damage. AIM OF THE STUDY This review briefly summarizes the methods for obtaining ML's bioactive components, elaborates on the clinical potential of the relevant components in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism, to provide more inspiration and directions for future research in the field of traditional natural plants for the management of T2DM and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research on ML and its bioactive components was mainly performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceNet, to ensure the review's quality. In addition, master's and doctoral theses and ancient documents were consulted. RESULTS In clinical studies, we found that ML could effectively reduce blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Furthermore, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have found that ML is involved in various pathways that regulate glucolipid metabolism and resist diabetes while alleviating liver and kidney damage. CONCLUSIONS As a potential natural anti-diabetic phytomedicine, an in-depth study of ML can provide new ideas and valuable references for applying traditional Chinese medicine to treat T2DM. While continuously exploring its clinical efficacy and therapeutic mechanism, the extraction method should be optimized to improve the efficacy of the bioactive components. in addition, further research on the dose-response relationship of drugs to determine the effective dose range is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun, China; Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yishan Huang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wahabi S, Rtibi K, Atouani A, Sebai H. Anti-Obesity Actions of Two Separated Aqueous Extracts From Arbutus ( Arbutus unedo) and Hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna) Fruits Against High-Fat Diet in Rats via Potent Antioxidant Target. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231179904. [PMID: 37275393 PMCID: PMC10236257 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231179904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbutus unedo and Crataegus monogyna are widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin and commonly used in folk medicine against a wide range of diseases. Therefore, the present study has been designed to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of two aqueous extracts of the fruits of A. unedo (AUAE) and C. monogyna (CMAE). Male Wistar rats were supplied with a standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with the two separated extracts at the same dose (300 mg/kg, BW, p. o.), or HFD with atorvastatin-(ATOR) (2.1 mg/kg, BW, p. o.) for 12 weeks. Lipid profile and the liver and kidney linked-markers were assessed. Besides, obesity-related disorders' biomarkers were measured. AUAE, CMAE, and ATOR were observed to reduce significantly total body and organ weights following HFD-induced obese rat models. Likewise, epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue weights were noticeably decreased in HFD rats treated with both extracts and ATOR. Added to that, biochemical and metabolic changes were normalized by significant attenuation of lipid peroxidation accompanied with an increase of thiol-group concentrations and antioxidant status. More importantly, a modulation in trace element levels was revealed when compared with HFD group. Altogether, current study concluded that AUAE and CMAE could be potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related disturbs induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Wahabi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Valorization of Bio-Ressources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Valorization of Bio-Ressources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Amal Atouani
- Clinical Biology Laboratory, Beja
Regional Hospital, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Valorization of Bio-Ressources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
- University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
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Ramappa VK, Singh V, Srivastava D, Kumar D, Verma A, Verma D, Fatima E, Chaudhary P, Kumar U, Kumar D. Fabrication of mulberry leaf extract (MLE)- and tasar pupal oil (TPO)-loaded silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels and their antimicrobial properties. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:37. [PMID: 36632367 PMCID: PMC9826775 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocomposites have gained tremendous advantages over synthetic composites due to their biocompatibility, sustainable degradation, and ability to easily combine with other substances. In the present study, we have prepared silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel, mulberry leaf extract (MLE), tasar pupal oil (TPO), and their composites, such as TPO-loaded SF hydrogel and MLE-loaded SF hydrogel, and characterized them by using a phase contrast microscope (PCM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) SEM- EDX, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, 1H-NMR was used for profiling of mulberry leaf extract and GC-MS was used to find tasar pupal oil composition. Further, the disc diffusion method evaluated their antimicrobial activities against S. aureus, E. coli, A. flavus, and A. brassicae. PCM, SEM, and FTIR results validated the conjugation of MLE and SF hydrogel composite; 1H-NMR confirmed the 41 metabolites in MLE, and GC-MS established the composition of tasar pupal oil. Since both composites, such as TPO-loaded SF hydrogel and MLE-loaded SF hydrogel, reduced the S. aureus and E. coli activities at all tested concentrations, the antibacterial results were unambiguous in their conclusion. S. aureus could only be inhibited by SF hydrogel at a high concentration (300 g/ml), despite suppressing E. coli growth at all tested concentrations. At 300 g/ml, MLE demonstrated antibacterial action against S. aureus. Furthermore, at a dosage of 300 g/ml, TPO inhibited both S. aureus and E. coli. Both mulberry leaf extract (at 200 and 300 g/ml) and the MLE-loaded SF hydrogel composite displayed antifungal activity against A. flavus at all tested concentrations (100, 200, and 300 g/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kumar Ramappa
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Devika Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Devarsh Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Anshika Verma
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Darshika Verma
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Eram Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Priyanka Chaudhary
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raibereli Road, Lucknow, UP 226014 India
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang B, Liu K, Sun J, Li Q, Zhao L. Herbal tea, a novel adjuvant therapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982387. [PMID: 36249806 PMCID: PMC9561533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic, endocrine disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Several studies have shown that herbal tea improves glucose metabolism disorders in patients with T2DM. This study summarizes the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on herbal tea as a adjuvant therapy for treating T2DM and found that herbal teas have potential add-on effects in lowering blood glucose levels. In addition, we discussed the polyphenol contents in common herbal teas and their possible adverse effects. To better guide the application of herbal teas, we further summarized the hypoglycemic mechanisms of common herbal teas, which mainly involve: 1) improving insulin resistance, 2) protecting islet β-cells, 3) anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, 4) inhibition of glucose absorption, and 5) suppression of gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, herbal tea, as a novel adjuvant therapy for treating T2DM, has the potential for further in-depth research and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Zhang
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingwei Li, ; Linhua Zhao,
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingwei Li, ; Linhua Zhao,
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Okulicz M, Hertig I, Król E, Szkudelski T. Effects of Allyl Isothiocyanate on Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175568. [PMID: 36080332 PMCID: PMC9457932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. Currently, there is a growing need to exploit plant-derived bioactive compounds to support conventional therapies. The purpose of this study was to explore allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) potency in reducing oxidative and inflammatory stress along with its profitable modulation trace element status in pathological conditions such as diabetes. Two weeks of oral AITC treatments (2.5, 5, and 25 mg/kg body weight per day) were evaluated in Wistar rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. The study included AITC influence on antioxidant factors (SOD, CAT, GST, Nrf2), stress and inflammatory markers (cortisol, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, NF-κB), lipid peroxidation indices (TBARS, -SH groups), and trace element status (Fe, Zn, and Cu) in the detoxification and lymphoid organs. Independently of dose, AITC increased cortisol levels in rat blood serum and decreased total thiol groups (T-SH) and protein-bound thiol groups (PB-SH) collaterally with raised thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in diabetic rat liver. The inflammation and oxidative effects were enhanced by an AITC dose increase. The highest dose of AITC, 25 mg/kg b.w., strongly affected the inflammation process by increasing IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα in the blood serum, and it upregulated Nrf2 transcription factor with increased SOD, GPx, and GST activities in the liver. AITC showed an equivocal effect on profitable modulation of disturbances in mineral homeostasis in the liver, kidney, and spleen. Our findings revealed that two-week AITC treatment exacerbated oxidative and inflammation status in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Okulicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8487196
| | - Iwona Hertig
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Król
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Quercetin Beneficial Role in the Homeostatic Variation of Certain Trace Elements in Dyslipidemic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3299505. [PMID: 35310037 PMCID: PMC8933091 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3299505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Quercetin's role in the homeostasis of certain trace elements in dyslipidemia induced in mice was assessed. Methods Forty BALB/c mice were allocated into 4 groups as follows: control; HFD, received fat diet; HFD + Q group, received HFD +500 mg/L quercetin; and blank control (Q)—normal food + 500 mg/L quercetin in drinking water. Results By analyzing the values of total proteins, albumins, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and the levels of several trace elements in blood and organs, we perceived a statistically significant increase (∗∗, p < 0.01) of TP, ALB, TC, TGE, and LDL-c. A nonsignificant decrease was ascertained to HDL-c value in the HFD and quercetin groups (p > 0.05). In the HFD group, all analyzed elements in the kidney and spleen increased, also Cu, Li, Mg, Mn, Pb, and of B, Ba, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the heart increased, but furthermore, Ag, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Zn in blood, Ag and Zn in the liver, and Cd in the spleen decreased. In the HFD group who received quercetin, elements (except B) were decreased in kidney and liver, also increased Ag, Ba, Cr, Fe, Li, Ni, Zn in blood, but similarly, Ag, B, Ba, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Pb declined in the spleen and heart. Conclusions Results proved the quercetin beneficial role.
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Morales Ramos JG, Esteves Pairazamán AT, Mocarro Willis MES, Collantes Santisteban S, Caldas Herrera E. Medicinal properties of Morus alba for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. F1000Res 2021; 10:1022. [PMID: 34912543 PMCID: PMC8593624 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55573.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this review was to evaluate the medicinal potential of Morus alba leaves on the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The research question was: what is the therapeutic potential of Morus alba leaves for the control of DM2? Methods: This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The included studies were extracted from Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Google Scholar; January 2015 to July 2021. Key search terms were MeSH and DeCS: Morus alba, mulberry, hypoglycemic agent. The inclusion criteria were: studies in rats administered Morus alba leaf extracts; studies that included the dimensions of lipidemia and glycemia; studies that included indicators such as fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Exclusion criteria: studies in which Morus alba leaves were administered with other plants; studies with other parts of the Morus alba plant; proteomic studies, cancer, duplicate studies, in vitro studies, and evaluation of included studies. All included investigations were evaluated for biases. Results: Of 253 studies found, 29 were included. The extracts of Morus alba leaves at the phytochemical level improve glucose uptake. Chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, present in the leaves of Morus alba, have hypoglycemic properties and an ameliorating effect on diabetic nephropathy. This leaf has pharmacological effects such as glucose absorption, insulin secretion production, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity management. Conclusions:Morus alba leaves have pharmacological effects on DM2 that include glucose absorption, production of insulin secretion, antioxidant agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity control. Beyond these results, there is a lack of studies on the potential and synergistic effects of Morus alba leaves' components, limiting the possibility of a more effective therapy using the plant's leaves.
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Citric Acid Influences the Dynamics of the Fermentation Quality, Protease Activity and Microbial Community of Mulberry Leaf Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba) leaves has performed well as a high-quality protein supplement for livestock and enriches the edible resources of livestock. However, the harvest of mulberry leaves is seasonal and occurs mainly during the rainy season in southeast China; therefore, humid and sultry weather causes serious losses of mulberry leaf biomass, which pose a challenge for the preservation of mulberry leaves. In this study, we used the silage fermentation method to preserve mulberry leaves and investigated the effects of citric acid on the silage quality of mulberry leaves. Mulberry leaves were ensiled with or without 1% citric acid and 2% citric acid. The chemical composition, protein fraction and microbial community of mulberry leaf silages were analyzed. The results showed that the silage treated with citric acid had a higher dry matter recovery and lactic acid content and a lower acetic acid content, non-protein nitrogen content and ammonia-N content; citric acid also inhibited the activities of carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase. Moreover, citric acid increased Lactobacillus abundance in silages and decreased the abundance of undesired microorganisms, such as Enterobacter. In summary, the addition of citric acid improved the fermentation quality of mulberry leaf silages, with 2% citric acid being more effective than 1% citric acid.
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Chang BY, Koo BS, Kim SY. Pharmacological Activities for Morus alba L., Focusing on the Immunostimulatory Property from the Fruit Aqueous Extract. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081966. [PMID: 34441742 PMCID: PMC8393821 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the extraction method, numerous compounds that have specific pharmacological effects can be obtained from M. alba L. There is a growing scientific interest in health problems related to aging. Efforts to develop safe immune-enhancing pharmaceuticals are increasing. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss the immunity enhancement effects and pharmaceutical efficacy of M. alba L. extracts. The scientific database search was conducted using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed until May 2021. Additional articles were identified and obtained from references in the retrieved articles. Ethanol or methanol extraction of various parts of M. alba L. identified a large amount of phenols and flavonoids, which are effective for immunosuppression, antioxidants, and cardiovascular diseases, and are antibacterial, and anticancer. Water extraction of M. alba L. enhanced the innate immune response based on immune cell activation. A polysaccharide and an alkaloid related to increased macrophage activity were isolated from M. alba L. fruit extracts. M. alba L. fruit water extracts primarily induced the production of pro-inflammatory substances, in model organisms, via TLR4 in immune cells. Water extracts have been shown to be effective in pathogen defense and tumor suppression by enhancing macrophage activity. Based on our literature review on the bioactivity of M. alba L. fruit extracts, particularly in relation to their immunity enhancement activity, we anticipate that M. alba-derived pharmaceuticals will have excellent potential in future medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yoon Chang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Bong-Seong Koo
- ForBioKorea Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08592, Korea;
| | - Sung-Yeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-850-6806
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Liu ZZ, Liu QH, Liu Z, Tang JW, Chua EG, Li F, Xiong XS, Wang MM, Wen PB, Shi XY, Xi XY, Zhang X, Wang L. Ethanol extract of mulberry leaves partially restores the composition of intestinal microbiota and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in type 2 diabetic rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 34126977 PMCID: PMC8204513 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mulberry leaf as a traditional Chinese medicine is able to treat obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. It is well known that diabetes leads to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. It is also recently discovered that liver glycogen structure is impaired in diabetic animals. Since mulberry leaves are able to improve the diabetic conditions through reducing blood glucose level, it would be interesting to investigate whether they have any positive effects on intestinal microbiota and liver glycogen structure. METHODS In this study, we first determined the bioactive components of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Murine animal models were divided into three groups, normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats, and HFD/STZ-induced rats administered with ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (200 mg/kg/day). Composition of intestinal microbiota was analyzed via metagenomics by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNAs. Liver glycogen structure was characterized through size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Both Student's t-test and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A group of type 2 diabetic rat models were successfully established. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that ethanol extract of mulberry leaves could partially change intestinal microbiota back to normal conditions. In addition, liver glycogen was restored from fragile state to stable state through administration of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that the ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (MLE) ameliorates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in diabetic rats. These finding can be helpful in discovering the novel therapeutic targets with the help of further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Zhong Liu
- Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Eng-Guan Chua
- Marshall Center for Infectious Diseases and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huaiyin Hospital, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Song Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huaiyin Hospital, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng-Bo Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yi Shi
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Xi
- Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Wu Q, Hu Y. Systematic Evaluation of the Mechanisms of Mulberry Leaf (Morus alba Linne) Acting on Diabetes Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 24:668-682. [PMID: 32928080 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200914103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorder- related diseases. The application of herbal medicine to control glucose levels and improve insulin action might be a useful approach in the treatment of diabetes. Mulberry leaves (ML) have been reported to exert important activities of anti-diabetic. OBJECTIVE In this work, we aimed to explore the multi-targets and multi-pathways regulatory molecular mechanism of Mulberry leaves (ML, Morus alba Linne) acting on diabetes. METHODS Identification of active compounds of Mulberry leaves using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was carried out. Bioactive components were screened by FAF-Drugs4 website (Free ADME-Tox Filtering Tool). The targets of bioactive components were predicted from SwissTargetPrediction website, and the diabetes related targets were screened from GeneCards database. The common targets of ML and diabetes were used for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. The visualization networks were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. The biological networks were constructed to analyze the mechanisms as follows: (1) compound-target network; (2) common target-compound network; (3) common targets protein interaction network; (4) compound-diabetes protein-protein interactions (ppi) network; (5) target-pathway network; and (6) compound-target-pathway network. At last, the prediction results of network pharmacology were verified by molecular docking method. RESULTS 17 active components were obtained by TCMSP database and FAF-Drugs4 website. 51 potential targets (11 common targets and 40 associated indirect targets) were obtained and used to build the PPI network by the String database. Furthermore, the potential targets were used for GO and pathway enrichment analysis. Eight key active compounds (quercetin, Iristectorigenin A, 4- Prenylresveratrol, Moracin H, Moracin C, Isoramanone, Moracin E and Moracin D) and 8 key targets (AKT1, IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, AGTR1, PPARA, PTPN1 and PIK3R1) were obtained to play major roles in Mulberry leaf acting on diabetes. And the signal pathways involved in the mechanisms mainly include AMPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway and insulin resistance. The molecular docking results show that the 8 key active compounds have good affinity with the key target of AKT1, and the 5 key targets (IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, PPARA and PTPN1) have better affinity than AKT1 with the key compound of quercetin. CONCLUSION Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study provided an important systematic and visualized basis for further understanding of the synergy mechanism of ML acting on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguo Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yeqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anqing Medical College, Anqing 246052, China
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13
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Król E, Okulicz M, Kupsz J. The Influence of Taurine Supplementation on Serum and Tissular Fe, Zn and Cu Levels in Normal and Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:592-601. [PMID: 32172503 PMCID: PMC7561555 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (Tau) is a β-sulphonated amino acid postulated to improve glucose homeostasis in insulin resistance and diabetes. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism are accompanied by oxidative stress, which may disturb the mineral balance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Tau supplementation on the levels of trace elements in rats fed either a standard (AIN-93M, 4% fat) diet or a modified high-fat diet (30% fat). For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed these diets supplemented with 3% Tau. Taurine supplementation normalized increased serum insulin concentration and insulin resistance index; however, it did not improve serum CRP concentration in high-fat diet fed rats. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the renal and splenic Zn levels, but the tissular Fe content did not change. The effect of Tau supplementation on the mineral balance to some extent depended on the fat content in the rats' diet. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the rats' splenic Zn levels but increased their femur levels. In the group fed the standard diet, Tau reduced the rats' femur Zn level, whereas their splenic Zn level was comparable. Tau supplementation decreased the renal Cu level and serum ceruloplasmin concentration in the rats fed the standard diet, but this effect was not observed in the rats fed the high-fat diet. In conclusion, supplementary taurine failed to ameliorate disturbances in mineral homeostasis caused by high-fat diet feeding and led to tissular redistribution of Zn and Cu in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Król
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Monika Okulicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wołyńska, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Kupsz
- Department of Physiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, ul, ul Święcickiego 6, 61-781, Poznan, Poland
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14
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Amin AR, Kassab RB, Abdel Moneim AE, Amin HK. Comparison Among Garlic, Berberine, Resveratrol,Hibiscus sabdariffa, GenusZizyphus, Hesperidin, Red Beetroot,Catha edulis,Portulaca oleracea, and Mulberry Leaves in the Treatment of Hypertension and Type 2 DM: A Comprehensive Review. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20921623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are 2 of the most prevalent diseases with poor impact on health status worldwide. In most cases, they coexist with other metabolic disorders as well as cardiac, micro- and macrovascular complications. Many plants are known for their hypotensive, cardioprotective, and/or antidiabetic activities. Their active ingredients either identified and isolated or still utilized as herbal preparations of certain plant parts. The use of medicinal plants comprises the main basis for most of the traditional medicine (TM) systems and procedures. As conventional medicines seem insufficient to control such progressive diseases, herbal agents from TM could be used as adjuvant with good impact on disease control and progression as well as other concomitant health conditions. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of 10 different herbal medicines of botanical origin or herbal preparations in the management of hypertension and its cardiovascular complications and type 2 DM along with various coexisting health disorders. These herbal medicines are garlic, berberine, resveratrol, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Zizyphus ( oxyphylla, mucronate, jujube, rugosa), hesperidin, red beetroot, Catha edulis, mulberry leaves, and Portulaca oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira R. Amin
- Cardiology and Oncology Section, Nasser Institute for Research and Treatment, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami B. Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem K. Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
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15
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Budiman A, Sofian FF, Santi NMWS, Aulifa DL. The formulation of lozenge using black mulberries ( Morus nigra L.) leaf extract as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:171-176. [PMID: 32742116 PMCID: PMC7373108 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_219_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, which possibly leads to kidney, brain, heart failure, and other organ complications, subsequently harming human health. These symptoms have been prevented using the leaf of black mulberry (BM), as a traditional medicine, because the phenolic compounds contained are able to decrease blood glucose concentration. Meanwhile, previous reports have shown that BM contains 1-deoxynojirimycin, with strong activity as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. The aim of this study, therefore, was to formulate and evaluate BM leaf extract in lozenge dosage form as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. Materials and Methods: The leaves of BM were extracted using the maceration method, where ethanol (70%) served as a solvent, and the inhibitory activity of the sourced α-glucosidase enzyme was determined through in vitro study. Subsequently, the extract was formulated into lozenge dosage form and evaluated for physical stability and also the effect of α-glucosidase enzyme. Results: The result showed an inhibitory activity of BM leaf extract against the enzyme α-glucosidase, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 357.6 μg/mL, whereas the lozenge formulation containing 43% of extract as well as 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone showed the best physical stability as compared to other formulas. However, the lozenge inhibits α-glucosidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 549.7 μg/mL. Conclusion: It was established that the lozenge of BM leaf extract possesses activity as an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ferry F Sofian
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ni Made W S Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Diah L Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Indonesia School of Pharmacy, Bandung, Indonesia
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16
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Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010059. [PMID: 31905923 PMCID: PMC7023116 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid with notable pharmacological effects and promising therapeutic potential. It is widely distributed among plants and found commonly in daily diets predominantly in fruits and vegetables. Neuroprotection by quercetin has been reported in several in vitro studies. It has been shown to protect neurons from oxidative damage while reducing lipid peroxidation. In addition to its antioxidant properties, it inhibits the fibril formation of amyloid-β proteins, counteracting cell lyses and inflammatory cascade pathways. In this review, we provide a synopsis of the recent literature exploring the relationship between quercetin and cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease and its potential as a lead compound in clinical applications.
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17
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Chen Y, Ni J, Li H. Effect of green tea and mulberry leaf powders on the gut microbiota of chicken. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:77. [PMID: 30841884 PMCID: PMC6404333 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is closely correlated with host health and is strongly influenced by food composition. Chinese herbs are usually used as natural feed additives in livestock production. Therefore, the present study assessed the influence of diet supplementation with green tea and mulberry leaf powders on the chicken gut microbiota. The gut microbiota compositions were determined using 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Enhanced relative abundances of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Megamonas were found in the chicken gut when mulberry leaf powder was added to diet. Conversely, a higher abundance of potentially pathogenic Gallibacterium was found in the chicken gut when the diet was supplemented with green tea powder. These results indicated that green tea powder and mulberry leaf powder can greatly affect the gut microbiota of chickens by changing their compositions. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative to examine and evaluate the effects of Chinese herbs on animal health before they are introduced as feed additives in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007 China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007 China
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18
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Qiu F, Zhang YQ. Metabolic effects of mulberry branch bark powder on diabetic mice based on GC-MS metabolomics approach. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:10. [PMID: 30733818 PMCID: PMC6357361 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mulberry (Morus multicaulis) branch bark powder have showed effective hypoglycemic activity in our previous research. This study aims to explore the mechanism of protect effect on diabetes mice of mulberry branch bark as food supplement based on non-targeted GC-MS metabolomics’ platform. Methods Animal model of double diabetes was established with high fat diet and Streptozotocin injection. Mice were fed with mulberry branch bark powder (MBBP) for five weeks to study its therapeutic effect. The metabolite feature of diabetes model and treatment group mice were characterized using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, complemented with the biochemical evaluation, histological inspection, immunohistochemistry observations and enzyme protein detection. Results A panel of endogenous metabolites were revealed that are relevant to disturbed metabolic processes among groups. The serum metabolic profiles were significantly different between the model group and treatment group. The manner of MBBP treatment showed to be significantly dose dependent and 20% MBBP treatment gain a relatively greater benefit than others. The metabolic disorders in model group include enhanced activation of the sorbitol pathway and galactose metabolite, increased activities of gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, proteins catabolism and attenuated activities of pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis and aerobic oxidation pathways, internal synthesis of cholesterol, inositol production. MBBP treatment ameliorate these abnormal metabolize as revealed by differential metabolites comparing with that of model mice, such as decreasing the accumulation of ketone body, enhancing NADPH biosynthesis, partially reversing oxidative stress and energy metabolism disturbance. Conclusions Mulberry branch bark had a re-balancing effect on the disturbed metabolic pathways in the diabetic mice. Based on the metabolic pathways network, oral administration of MBBP could ameliorate the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia symptoms in a global scale and restore the abnormal metabolic state to a near normal level in a dose dependent pattern. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-019-0335-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qiu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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19
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Rodrigues EL, Marcelino G, Silva GT, Figueiredo PS, Garcez WS, Corsino J, Guimarães RDCA, Freitas KDC. Nutraceutical and Medicinal Potential of the Morus Species in Metabolic Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020301. [PMID: 30646503 PMCID: PMC6358891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many populations use medicinal plants as a therapeutic treatment, due to their lower cost and greater access. Among the plant species used for medicinal purposes are those of the genus Morus. The most known species are Morus alba, rubra, and nigra. This review aims to collect data from the literature, predominantly from cell and animal studies, which presents a possible nutraceutical and medicinal potential of the species Morus for use in metabolic dysfunctions. The fruits and leaves of mulberry are used for therapeutic purposes. For scientific confirmation of these effects, they were studied for laxative properties, antibacterial activity, anti-atherogenic activity, and hepatoprotective function. Furthermore, the genus Morus is recognized for the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus, through its hypoglycemic action. It may also provide health benefits through immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive effects. It has been found that the Morus species have phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that act as important antioxidants and promote beneficial effects on human health. These phytochemical compounds differ among species. Blackberry (Morus nigra) are rich in flavonoids, while the white mulberry (Morus alba) has low concentrations of flavonoids and anthocyanins. In addition, another important factor is to ensure a complete exemption of toxic risks in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases. Studies have shown no toxic effects by the administration of extracts of Morus species. Thus, the mulberry tree presents nutraceutical potential. It is therefore a promising alternative for medicinal products based on medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisana Lima Rodrigues
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Torres Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Walmir Silva Garcez
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Joaquim Corsino
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
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Hwang J, Shieh DE, Shyu YS, Hsu CK, Lin CW. Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Antioxidant Activities of Mulberry Lees Fermented Products in Diabetic Mice. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2866-2872. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JeanYu Hwang
- Dept. of Food Nutrition; Chung-Hwa Univ. of Medical Technology; Tainan City Taiwan
| | - Den-En Shieh
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Master Program; Tajen Univ.; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shin Shyu
- Baking Technology and Management; National Kaohsiung Univ. of Hospitality and Tourism; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuang Hsu
- Food Science & Graduate Inst. of Food Science; National Chiayi Univ.; 300 Syuefu Rd. Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Chuan-wang Lin
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology and the Graduate Program; Tajen Univ.; Pingtung Taiwan
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21
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Ge Q, Zhang S, Chen L, Tang M, Liu L, Kang M, Gao L, Ma S, Yang Y, Lv P, Kong M, Yao Q, Feng F, Chen K. Mulberry Leaf Regulates Differentially Expressed Genes in Diabetic Mice Liver Based on RNA-Seq Analysis. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 30131712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01051/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is a complicated process involving much gene regulation. The molecular mechanism of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf in the treatment of diabetes is not fully understood. In this study, we used the Illumina HiSeq™ 2,500 platform to explore the liver transcriptome of normal mice, STZ-induced diabetic mice, and mulberry leaf-treated diabetic mice, and we obtained 52,542,956, 52,626,414, and 52,780,196 clean reads, respectively. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the pathogenesis of diabetes in mice. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by comparison with the GO and KEGG databases, and the results show that DEGs are mainly involved in the metabolic pathway. qRT-PCR was used to analyse 27 differential genes involved in liver expression in different groups of diabetic mice. Among the DEGs, the expression of Scube1, Spns3, Ly6a, Igf2, and other genes between the control (C) and diabetic control (DC) groups was significantly upregulated; the expression of Grb10, Mup2, and Fasn was significantly downregulated; the expression of the Sqle, Lss, and Irs2 genes between the C group and diabetic group treated with mulberry (DD) was significantly upregulated; the expression of Fabp2, Ly6a, and Grb10 was significantly downregulated; and the expression of Sqle and Lss was significantly upregulated in the DC and DD groups, but Tap1, Igf2, and Spns3 were significantly downregulated. The results of Western blot validation showed that dynamic changes in proteins, such as IGF2, Ly6a, Grb10, and UBD, occurred to regulate the incidence of diabetes by influencing the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengna Kang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Ge Q, Zhang S, Chen L, Tang M, Liu L, Kang M, Gao L, Ma S, Yang Y, Lv P, Kong M, Yao Q, Feng F, Chen K. Mulberry Leaf Regulates Differentially Expressed Genes in Diabetic Mice Liver Based on RNA-Seq Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1051. [PMID: 30131712 PMCID: PMC6090096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is a complicated process involving much gene regulation. The molecular mechanism of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf in the treatment of diabetes is not fully understood. In this study, we used the Illumina HiSeq™ 2,500 platform to explore the liver transcriptome of normal mice, STZ-induced diabetic mice, and mulberry leaf-treated diabetic mice, and we obtained 52,542,956, 52,626,414, and 52,780,196 clean reads, respectively. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the pathogenesis of diabetes in mice. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by comparison with the GO and KEGG databases, and the results show that DEGs are mainly involved in the metabolic pathway. qRT-PCR was used to analyse 27 differential genes involved in liver expression in different groups of diabetic mice. Among the DEGs, the expression of Scube1, Spns3, Ly6a, Igf2, and other genes between the control (C) and diabetic control (DC) groups was significantly upregulated; the expression of Grb10, Mup2, and Fasn was significantly downregulated; the expression of the Sqle, Lss, and Irs2 genes between the C group and diabetic group treated with mulberry (DD) was significantly upregulated; the expression of Fabp2, Ly6a, and Grb10 was significantly downregulated; and the expression of Sqle and Lss was significantly upregulated in the DC and DD groups, but Tap1, Igf2, and Spns3 were significantly downregulated. The results of Western blot validation showed that dynamic changes in proteins, such as IGF2, Ly6a, Grb10, and UBD, occurred to regulate the incidence of diabetes by influencing the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengna Kang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibition and Glucose Uptake Potentials of Mulberrofuran G, Albanol B, and Kuwanon G from Root Bark of Morus alba L. in Insulin-Resistant HepG2 Cells: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051542. [PMID: 29786669 PMCID: PMC5983811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes and has become a major health problem across the world. The root bark of Morus alba L. is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for treatment and management of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the enzyme inhibitory potentials of three principle components, mulberrofuran G (1), albanol B (2), and kuwanon G (3) in M. alba root bark against diabetes, establish their enzyme kinetics, carry out a molecular docking simulation, and demonstrate the glucose uptake activity in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Compounds 1–3 showed potent mixed-type enzyme inhibition against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. In particular, molecular docking simulations of 1–3 demonstrated negative binding energies in both enzymes. Moreover, 1–3 were non-toxic up to 5 µM concentration in HepG2 cells and enhanced glucose uptake significantly and decreased PTP1B expression in a dose-dependent manner in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Our overall results depict 1–3 from M. alba root bark as dual inhibitors of PTP1B and α-glucosidase enzymes, as well as insulin sensitizers. These active constituents in M. alba may potentially be utilized as an effective treatment for T2DM.
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24
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Park SW, Shin KC, Yoou SK, Park HJ, Eun SH, Bae YM, Lee HM, Chae HJ, Chae SW, Choi BH. Effects of an ethanolic extract of mulberry fruit on blood pressure and vascular remodeling in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:280-286. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1469645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woong Park
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Eulji University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Shin
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Soon-Kyu Yoou
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Eulji University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Seo Hyeon Eun
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Young Min Bae
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hyang Mi Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Hee Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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25
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Halima BH, Sonia G, Sarra K, Houda BJ, Fethi BS, Abdallah A. Apple Cider Vinegar Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Reduces the Risk of Obesity in High-Fat-Fed Male Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2017; 21:70-80. [PMID: 29091513 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a serious consequence of obesity characterized by increased cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. While diets enriched with natural antioxidants showed beneficial effects on oxidative stress, blood pressure, and serum lipid composition, diet supplementation with synthetic antioxidants showed contradictive results. Thus, we tested, in this study, whether a daily dosage of Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) would affect cardiovascular risk factor associated with obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. Obese rats showed increased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and atherogenic index after 6 and 9 weeks of being fed an HFD. Importantly, ACV ameliorated all of these parameters significantly. Oxidative stress already developed after 6 weeks of HFD and was significantly reduced by daily doses of ACV. Oral administration of ACV normalized various biochemical and metabolic changes since it exhibited a very significant (P < .001) reduction in malondialdehyde levels, whereas an increase in thiol group concentrations and antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and catalase [CAT] activities and vitamin E concentrations). In addition, a modulation in trace element levels was observed when compared with HFD groups. These findings suggested that HFD alters the oxidant-antioxidant balance, as evidenced by a reduction in the antioxidant enzyme activities and vitamin E level, and enhanced lipid peroxidation. ACV can be beneficial for the suppression of obesity-induced oxidative stress in HFD rats through the modulating antioxidant defense system and reduces the risk of obesity-associated diseases by preventing the atherogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hmad Halima
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gara Sonia
- 2 Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Salah Azaiz , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khlifi Sarra
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Jemaa Houda
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Slama Fethi
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aouidet Abdallah
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
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26
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Haiyan W, Linyi L, Lingling Q, Dongchao W, Yueying J, Xinli W, Tunhai X, Tonghua L. Mixture of five herbal extracts ameliorates pioglitazone-induced aggravation of hepatic steatosis via activating the adiponectin receptor 2/AMP-activated protein kinase signal pathway in diabetic KKAy mice. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Zhang J, Liu R, Kuang HY, Gao XY, Liu HL. Protective treatments and their target retinal ganglion cells in diabetic retinopathy. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Jeszka‐Skowron M, Flaczyk E, Podgórski T. In vitro and in vivo analyses of
Morus alba
Polish var. wielkolistna zolwinska leaf ethanol–water extract—antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activities in hyperlipideamic rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jeszka‐Skowron
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Technical ElectrochemistryPoznan University of TechnologyPoznanPoland
| | - Ewa Flaczyk
- Faculty of Food and Nutrition, Department of Food Service and CateringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and HygieneUniversity School of Physical Education in PoznanPoznanPoland
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29
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Salvador ÂC, Król E, Lemos VC, Santos SAO, Bento FPMS, Costa CP, Almeida A, Szczepankiewicz D, Kulczyński B, Krejpcio Z, Silvestre AJD, Rocha SM. Effect of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) Extract Supplementation in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010013. [PMID: 28025494 PMCID: PMC5297648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) lipophilic and polar extract dietary supplementation effects were evaluated according to diabetes management indices, using an in vivo model. A research pipeline was constructed, that ranged from extract preparation, partial chemical characterization and toxicity evaluation, to examining the elderberry extract dietary supplementation effects on biofluid and tissues. Extracts toxicity was screened using an Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence model. A concentration of up to 60 mg/L was selected, and rat doses for oral supplementation were computed applying the interspecies correlation between A. fischeri and rats. Wistar type 2 diabetic rats, induced by streptozotocin (STZ), were fed a high-fat diet and supplemented for 4 weeks at doses of 190 and 350 mg/kg body weight/day of lipophilic and polar extract, respectively. As far as we know, lipophilic elderberry extract supplementation was assessed for the first time, while polar extract was administrated at higher doses and for a shorter period compared to previous studies, aiming to evaluate subacute supplementation effects. The polar extract modulated glucose metabolism by correcting hyperglycemia, while the lipophilic extract lowered insulin secretion. Both extracts lowered insulin resistance, without remarkable alterations to hematological indices, sera lipids and sera and tissular trace element homeostasis. In conclusion, elderberries are a potential source of bioactive compounds for formulations to be used as co-adjuvants in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo C Salvador
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Aveiro Institute of Materials, CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ewelina Król
- Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Virgínia C Lemos
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia A O Santos
- Aveiro Institute of Materials, CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda P M S Bento
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carina P Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Kulczyński
- Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Krejpcio
- Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Armando J D Silvestre
- Aveiro Institute of Materials, CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia M Rocha
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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