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Serum Metabolomics and Proteomics to Study the Antihypertensive Effect of Protein Extracts from Tenebrio molitor. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163288. [PMID: 36014793 PMCID: PMC9413627 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for premature death worldwide and significantly contributes to the development of all major cardiovascular disease events. The management of high blood pressure includes lifestyle changes and treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Recently, it was demonstrated that a diet supplemented with Tenebrio molitor (TM) extracts is useful in the management of numerous pathologies, including hypertension. This study is aimed at unveiling the underlying mechanism and the molecular targets of intervention of TM dietary supplementation in hypertension treatment by means of proteomics and metabolomics techniques based on liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that serum proteome and metabolome of spontaneously hypertensive rats are severely altered with respect to their normotensive counterparts. Additionally, our results reveal that a diet enriched with TM extracts restores the expression of 15 metabolites and 17 proteins mainly involved in biological pathways associated with blood pressure maintenance, such as the renin–angiotensin and kallikrein–kinin systems, serin protease inhibitors, reactive oxygen scavenging, and lipid peroxidation. This study provides novel insights into the molecular pathways that may underlie the beneficial effects of TM, thus corroborating that TM could be proposed as a helpful functional food supplement in the treatment of hypertension.
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Sun J, Hu P, Lyu C, Tian J, Meng X, Tan H, Dong W. Targeted Lipidomics Analysis of Oxylipids in Hazelnut Oil during Storage by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1715-1723. [PMID: 35084847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hazelnut oil is a high-grade edible oil with high nutritional value and unique taste. However, it is prone to oxidative degradation during storage. Herein, we used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to carry out a lipidomics analysis of the storage process of hazelnut oil. A total of 41 triacylglycerols and 12 oxylipids were determined. The contents of all oxylipids increased significantly after storage (p < 0.05). The oxylipid accumulation of hazelnut oil during storage was clarified for the first time. Nine significantly different oxylipids were further screened out. It was considered that the 15th day of storage is the dividing point. In addition, the lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation may be the major contributor to lipid oxidation of hazelnut oil. This study provides a new insight and theoretical basis to explore the storage oxidation mechanism of hazelnut oil and take quality control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Hu
- College of Foreign Language Teaching Development, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmao Lyu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
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Hildreth K, Kodani SD, Hammock BD, Zhao L. Cytochrome P450-derived linoleic acid metabolites EpOMEs and DiHOMEs: a review of recent studies. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108484. [PMID: 32827665 PMCID: PMC7606796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid found in the Western diet. Cytochrome P450-derived LA metabolites 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (9,10-EpOME), 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), 9,10-dihydroxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid (9,10-DiHOME) and 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME) have been studied for their association with various disease states and biological functions. Previous studies of the EpOMEs and DiHOMEs have focused on their roles in cytotoxic processes, primarily in the inhibition of the neutrophil respiratory burst. More recent research has suggested the DiHOMEs may be important lipid mediators in pain perception, altered immune response and brown adipose tissue activation by cold and exercise. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles and modes of action of the EpOMEs and DiHOMEs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hildreth
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
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Abis G, Pacheco-Gómez R, Bui TTT, Conte MR. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Enables Rapid Characterization of Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition for the Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14865-14872. [PMID: 31660733 PMCID: PMC7041903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Isothermal titration
calorimetry (ITC) is conventionally used to
acquire thermodynamic data for biological interactions. In recent
years, ITC has emerged as a powerful tool to characterize enzyme kinetics.
In this study, we have adapted a single-injection method (SIM) to
study the kinetics of human soluble epoxide hydrolase (hsEH), an enzyme
involved in cardiovascular homeostasis, hypertension, nociception,
and insulin sensitivity through the metabolism of epoxy-fatty acids
(EpFAs). In the SIM method, the rate of reaction is determined by
monitoring the thermal power, while the substrate is being depleted,
overcoming the need for synthetic substrates and reducing postreaction
processing. Our results show that ITC enables the detailed, rapid,
and reproducible characterization of the hsEH-mediated hydrolysis
of several natural EpFA substrates. Furthermore, we have applied a
variant of the single-injection ITC method for the detailed description
of enzyme inhibition, proving the power of this approach in the rapid
screening and discovery of new hsEH inhibitors using the enzyme’s
physiological substrates. The methods described herein will enable
further studies on EpFAs’ metabolism and biology, as well as
drug discovery investigations to identify and characterize hsEH inhibitors.
This also promises to provide a general approach for the characterization
of lipid catalysis, given the challenges that lipid metabolism studies
pose to traditional spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Abis
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences , King's College London , London , SE1 1UL , United Kingdom
| | - Raúl Pacheco-Gómez
- Malvern Panalytical Ltd , Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road , Malvern , WR14 1XZ , United Kingdom
| | - Tam T T Bui
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences , King's College London , London , SE1 1UL , United Kingdom.,Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy , King's College London , London , SE1 1UL , United Kingdom
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences , King's College London , London , SE1 1UL , United Kingdom.,Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy , King's College London , London , SE1 1UL , United Kingdom
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5
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Andjic M, Draginic N, Radoman K, Jeremic J, Turnic TN, Srejovic I, Zivkovic V, Kovacevic M, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V. Flaxseed and evening primrose oil slightly affect systolic and diastolic function of isolated heart in male but not in female rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:99-107. [PMID: 31699009 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Considering that sex related differences in cardiac response to flaxseed (FSO) and evening primrose oil (EPO) are insufficiently known present investigation assessed the effect of these two oils, on the cardiac function of isolated rat hearts and the possible role of sex in this. The present study was carried out on 60 adult male Wistar albino rats randomly divided into 6 groups: male rats treated with EPO, dose of 10 mg/kg/day; female rats treated with EPO, dose of 10 mg/kg/day; male rats treated with FSO, dose of 300 mg/kg/day; female rats treated with FSO, dose of 300 mg/kg/day; control group of female rats treated with regular laboratory diet for animals; control group of male rats treated with regular laboratory diet for animals. Using the Langendorff technique, markers of the heart function were evaluated: the maximum and minimum rates of pressure development in the left ventricle (LV; dP/dtmax, dP/dtmin), systolic and diastolic left ventricular pressure (SLVP, DLVP, respectively), heart rate (HR) and coronary flow (CF). Male rats treated with EPO had significantly higher (p = 0.016) mean values of dP/dtmax, dP/dtmin, SLVP and DLVP (average increase for all CPPs 20%, 25%, 30% and 110%, respectively), compared to the group of male rats treated with FSO (p = 0.914). Our study results indicate that both types of PUFA oils only slightly changed the function of the isolated rat heart in male but not in female rats. Nevertheless, the difference between oil treatments was found in male rats who had stronger cardiac response after supplementation with EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Andjic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Draginic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Jovana Jeremic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Kovacevic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Department of Human Pathology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac, Serbia.,1 Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Department of Human Pathology, Moscow, Russia
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Possible Role of CYP450 Generated Omega-3/Omega-6 PUFA Metabolites in the Modulation of Blood Pressure and Vascular Function in Obese Children. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111689. [PMID: 30400671 PMCID: PMC6267577 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by metabolic and haemodynamic disorders such as hypertension, even during childhood. Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), vasoactive and natriuretic metabolites that contribute to blood pressure (BP) regulation. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may compete with AA for CYP450-dependent bioactive lipid mediator formation. We aimed at investigating the role of AA, EPA and DHA and their CYP450-dependent metabolites in BP control and vascular function in 66 overweight/obese children. Fatty acid profile moderately correlated with the corresponding CYP450-derived metabolites but their levels did not differ between children with normal BP (NBP) and high BP (HBP), except for higher EPA-derived epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs) and their diols in HBP group, in which also the estimated CYP450-epoxygenase activity was higher. In the HBP group, EPA inversely correlated with BP, EEQs inversely correlated both with systolic BP and carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT). The DHA-derived epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) were inversely correlated with diastolic BP. Omega-3 derived epoxymetabolites appeared beneficially associated with BP and vascular structure/function only in obese children with HBP. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role of omega-3/omega-6 epoxymetabolites in children's hemodynamics.
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7
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Nunes DO, Marques VB, Almenara CCP, Marcarini WD, Ribeiro Júnior RF, Padilha AS. Linoleic acid reduces vascular reactivity and improves the vascular dysfunction of the small mesentery in hypertension. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:18-27. [PMID: 30218979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of linoleic acid (LA) treatment on the blood pressure and function of mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHR were treated daily with LA (15 mg/kg) or vehicle (control) for 15 days. Compared with controls, LA treatment decreased blood pressure and showed the following in MRA: (1) increased lumen and external diameter, (2) decreased wall:lumen ratio and wall thickness, (3) decreased stiffness and (4) less collagen deposition. LA treatment reduced the contractile response to phenylephrine, although there were no changes observed in MRA in regard to the acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside responses. Incubation with L-NAME left-shifted the reactivity to phenylephrine only in the MRA treated group, suggesting that LA treatment can improve NO bioavailability. This result was accompanied by an increase "in situ" NO production. Incubation with tiron decreased vascular reactivity to phenylephrine in MRA in LA rats, which was accompanied by decreased superoxide anion production. Moreover, incubation with indomethacin (non-selective COX inhibitor, 10 μM), NS 398 (COX-2 specific inhibitor, 1 μM), furegrelate (TXA2 synthase inhibitor, 1 μM), SQ 29.548 (TP receptor antagonist, 1 μM) and SC 19220 (EP1 receptor antagonist, 10 μM) reduced the vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine in MRA in the treated group. These results were accompanied by a reduction in COX-2 protein expression. In conclusion, these findings show that LA treatment decreases blood pressure. In addition, the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and structural changes in this hypertension model may be responsible for the reduction in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieli Oliveira Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wena Dantas Marcarini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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8
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Martinez JA, Yang J, Wertheim BC, Roe DJ, Schriewer A, Lance P, Alberts DS, Hammock BD, Thompson PA. Celecoxib use and circulating oxylipins in a colon polyp prevention trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196398. [PMID: 29698447 PMCID: PMC5919576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the metabolism of arachidonic acid (ARA) to prostaglandin E2 are potent anti-inflammatory agents used widely in the treatment of joint and muscle pain. Despite their benefits, daily use of these drugs has been associated with hypertension, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal toxicities. It is now recognized that ARA is metabolized to a number of bioactive oxygenated lipids (oxylipins) by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. Currently, the contribution of individual variability in ARA metabolism in response to the COX-2 inhibitors and potential adverse effects remains poorly understood. Using patient samples from the randomized, placebo-controlled phase III selenium/celecoxib (Sel/Cel) trial for the prevention of colorectal adenomatous polyps, we analyzed plasma concentrations of 74 oxylipins in a subset of participants who received celecoxib (n = 90) or placebo (n = 95). We assessed the effect of celecoxib (with and without low dose aspirin) on circulating oxylipins and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Individual CYP450- and LOX- but not COX-derived metabolites were higher with celecoxib than placebo (P<0.05) and differences were greater among non-aspirin users. LOX derived 5- and 8-HETE were elevated with celecoxib and positively associated with systolic blood pressure (P = 0.011 and P = 0.019 respectively). 20-HETE, a prohypertensive androgen-sensitive CYP450 metabolite was higher with celecoxib absent aspirin and was positively associated with SBP in men (P = 0.040) but not women. Independent of celecoxib or aspirin, LOX derived metabolites from ARA were strongly associated with SBP including 5- and 8-HETE. These findings support oxylipins, particularly the ARA LOX-derived, in blood pressure control and indicate that pharmacologic inhibition of COX-2 has effects on LOX and CYP450 ARA metabolism that contribute to hypertension in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Martinez
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Betsy C. Wertheim
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Denise J. Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Alexander Schriewer
- Department of Entomology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Lance
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - David S. Alberts
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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Effect of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase on the Modulation of Coronary Reactive Hyperemia: Role of Oxylipins and PPARγ. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162147. [PMID: 27583776 PMCID: PMC5008628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH) is a physiological response to ischemic insult that prevents the potential harm associated with an interruption of blood supply. The relationship between the pharmacologic inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and CRH response to a brief ischemia is not known. sEH is involved in the main catabolic pathway of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are converted into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). EETs protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury and have numerous beneficial physiological effects. We hypothesized that inhibition of sEH by t-AUCB enhances CRH in isolated mouse hearts through changing the oxylipin profiles, including an increase in EETs/DHETs ratio. Compared to controls, t-AUCB-treated mice had increased CRH, including repayment volume (RV), repayment duration, and repayment/debt ratio (p < 0.05). Treatment with t-AUCB significantly changed oxylipin profiles, including an increase in EET/DHET ratio, increase in EpOME/DiHOME ratio, increase in the levels of HODEs, decrease in the levels of mid-chain HETEs, and decrease in prostanoids (p < 0.05). Treatment with MS-PPOH (CYP epoxygenase inhibitor) reduced CRH, including RV (p < 0.05). Involvement of PPARγ in the modulation of CRH was demonstrated using a PPARγ-antagonist (T0070907) and a PPARγ-agonist (rosiglitazone). T0070907 reduced CRH (p < 0.05), whereas rosiglitazone enhanced CRH (p < 0.05) in isolated mouse hearts compared to the non-treated. These data demonstrate that sEH inhibition enhances, whereas CYP epoxygenases-inhibition attenuates CRH, PPARγ mediate CRH downstream of the CYP epoxygenases-EET pathway, and the changes in oxylipin profiles associated with sEH-inhibition collectively contributed to the enhanced CRH.
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Strassburg K, Esser D, Vreeken RJ, Hankemeier T, Müller M, van Duynhoven J, van Golde J, van Dijk SJ, Afman LA, Jacobs DM. Postprandial fatty acid specific changes in circulating oxylipins in lean and obese men after high-fat challenge tests. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:591-600. [PMID: 24127338 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Circulating oxylipins may affect peripheral tissues and are assumed to play an important role in endothelial function. They are esterified in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins that are increased after a high-fat (HF) meal, depending on BMI and fatty acid (FA) type. Yet, it is unclear which oxylipins appear in circulation after HF meals differing in FA composition. METHODS AND RESULTS In a double-blind randomized crossover challenge study, we characterized the postprandial oxylipin response after different HF challenges in lean and obese men receiving HF milkshakes, either high in saturated FAs (SFA), monounsaturated FAs (MUFA), or omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA). Plasma oxylipin profiles were significantly altered at 2 and 4 h after shake consumption when compared to baseline. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived oxylipins increased after n-3 PUFA shake consumption. MUFA shake consumption increased levels of cytochrome P450 mediated oxylipins. SFA shake consumption led to strong increases in linoleic acid (LA) derived HODEs. No differences were observed between lean and obese individuals at baseline and after any shake consumption. CONCLUSION We are the first demonstrating acute effects on circulating oxylipins after HF meal challenges. These changes were strongly influenced by different dietary FAs and may affect endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Strassburg
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bolus infusion of lipid emulsion can reverse cardiac pharmacotoxicity caused by local anesthetics and other lipophilic drugs. The mechanisms of this effect are not completely elucidated. The authors test the hypothesis that lipid emulsion infusion exerts direct, positive inotropic effects. DESIGN Prospective, randomized animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Rats anesthetized with isoflurane were given intravenous infusions (9 mL/kg over 1 min) of either 20% soybean oil-based emulsion or saline. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Arterial pressure and aortic flow were measured continuously in intact animals. Lipid infusion increased aortic flow and arterial pressure faster and to a greater degree than did the same volume of saline infusion. Isolated rat hearts were studied using an isovolumetric, constant flow, nonrecirculating system. Left ventricular pressure was monitored. The infusion of lipid emulsion in the isolated heart dose-dependently increased rate pressure product, dP/dt, -dP/dt, and myocardial oxygen demand. CONCLUSIONS Lipid emulsion exerts rapid, positive inotropic and positive lusitropic effects in both intact animal and isolated heart models. We hypothesize that this inotropy and the resulting increase in tissue blood flow contribute to the phenomenon of lipid reversal of cardiac toxicity caused by drug overdose.
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12
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Metabolic profiling of plasma from cardiac surgical patients concurrently administered with tranexamic acid: DI-SPME-LC-MS analysis. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:6-13. [PMID: 29403864 PMCID: PMC5761052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A metabolic profile of plasma samples from patients undergoing heart surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and concurrent administration of tranexamic acid was determined. Direct immersion solid phase microextraction (DI-SPME), a new sampling and sample preparation tool for metabolomics, was used in this study for the first time to investigate clinical samples. The results showed alteration of diverse compounds involved in different biochemical pathways. The most significant contribution in changes induced by surgery and applied pharmacotherapy was noticed in metabolic profile of lysophospholipids, triacylglycerols, mediators of platelet aggregation, and linoleic acid metabolites. Two cases of individual response to treatment were also reported.
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13
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Edin ML, Wang Z, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, Lih FB, DeGraff LM, Foley JF, Torphy R, Ronnekleiv OK, Tomer KB, Lee CR, Zeldin DC. Endothelial expression of human cytochrome P450 epoxygenase CYP2C8 increases susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated mouse heart. FASEB J 2011; 25:3436-47. [PMID: 21697548 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-188300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 generate epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) from arachidonic acid. Mice with expression of CYP2J2 in cardiomyocytes (αMHC-CYP2J2 Tr) or treated with synthetic EETs have increased functional recovery after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); however, no studies have examined the role of cardiomyocyte- vs. endothelial-derived EETs or compared the effects of different CYP epoxygenase isoforms in the ischemic heart. We generated transgenic mice with increased endothelial EET biosynthesis (Tie2-CYP2C8 Tr and Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr) or EET hydrolysis (Tie2-sEH Tr). Compared to wild-type (WT), αMHC-CYP2J2 Tr hearts showed increased recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and decreased infarct size after I/R. In contrast, LVDP recovery and infarct size were unchanged in Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr and Tie2-sEH Tr hearts. Surprisingly, compared to WT, Tie2-CYP2C8 Tr hearts had significantly reduced LVDP recovery (from 21 to 14%) and increased infarct size after I/R (from 51 to 61%). Tie2-CYP2C8 Tr hearts also exhibited increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (DiHOME) formation, and coronary resistance after I/R. ROS scavengers and CYP2C8 inhibition reversed the detrimental effects of CYP2C8 expression in Tie2-CYP2C8 Tr hearts. Treatment of WT hearts with 250 nM 9,10-DiHOME decreased LVDP recovery compared to vehicle (16 vs. 31%, respectively) and increased coronary resistance after I/R. These data demonstrate that increased ROS generation and enhanced DiHOME synthesis by endothelial CYP2C8 impair functional recovery and mask the beneficial effects of increased EET production following I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the bioactivation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1814:210-22. [PMID: 20869469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, serve as second messengers of various hormones and growth factors and play pivotal roles in the regulation of vascular, renal and cardiac function. As discussed in the present review, virtually all of the major AA metabolizing CYP isoforms accept a variety of other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), as efficient alternative substrates. The metabolites of these alternative PUFAs also elicit profound biological effects. The CYP enzymes respond to alterations in the chain-length and double bond structure of their substrates with remarkable changes in the regio- and stereoselectivity of product formation. The omega-3 double bond that distinguishes EPA and DHA from their omega-6 counterparts provides a preferred epoxidation site for CYP1A, CYP2C, CYP2J and CYP2E subfamily members. CYP4A enzymes that predominantly function as AA ω-hydroxylases show largely increased (ω-1)-hydroxylase activities towards EPA and DHA. Taken together, these findings indicate that CYP-dependent signaling pathways are highly susceptible to changes in the relative bioavailability of the different PUFAs and may provide novel insight into the complex mechanisms that link essential dietary fatty acids to the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Dey A, Williams RS, Pollock DM, Stepp DW, Newman JW, Hammock BD, Imig JD. Altered kidney CYP2C and cyclooxygenase-2 levels are associated with obesity-related albuminuria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 12:1278-89. [PMID: 15340111 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and cyclooxygenase (COX) expression and metabolite regulation and renal damage in the early stages of obesity-related hypertension and diabetes. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Obese and lean Zucker rats at 10 to 12 weeks of age were studied. Blood pressure was measured in the conscious state using radiotelemetry. Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured periodically. Protein expression of CYP450 and COX enzymes in the kidney cortex, renal microvessels, and glomeruli was studied. The levels of CYP450 and COX metabolites in urine were measured, and urinary albumin excretion, an indicator of kidney damage, was measured. RESULTS Body weight and blood glucose averaged 432 +/- 20 grams and 105 +/- 5 mg/dl, respectively, in obese Zucker rats as compared with 320 +/- 8 grams and 91 +/- 5 mg/dl, respectively, in age-matched 10- to 12-week-old lean Zucker rats. Renal microvascular CYP4A and COX-2 protein levels were increased 2.3- and 17.0-fold, respectively, in obese Zucker rats. The protein expression of CYP2C11 and CYP2C23 was decreased 2.0-fold in renal microvessels isolated from obese Zucker rats when compared with lean Zucker rats. The urinary excretion rate of thromboxane B(2) was increased significantly in obese Zucker as compared with lean Zucker rats (22.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 13.4 +/- 1.0 ng/d). Urinary albumin excretion, an index of kidney damage, was increased in the obese Zucker rat at this early age. DISCUSSION These results suggest that increased CYP4A and COX-2 protein levels and decreased CYP2C11 and CYP2C23 protein levels occur in association with microalbuminuria during the onset of obesity-related hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Dey
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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