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Chen C, Cai J, Song B, Zhang L, Wang W, Luo R, Zhang Y, Ling Y, Wu C, Wang Z, Liu H, Wu Y, Qu X. Relationship between the Ratio of Red Cell Distribution Width to Albumin and 28-Day Mortality among Chinese Patients over 80 Years with Atrial Fibrillation. Gerontology 2023; 69:1471-1481. [PMID: 37793355 DOI: 10.1159/000534259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent heart arrhythmia in elderly adults aged 80 years or older. The red cell distribution width (RDW) to albumin ratio has been acknowledged as a reliable prognostic marker for poor outcomes in a variety of disorders. However, there exists limited scientific evidence on the association of RDW to albumin (RAR) with mortality in geriatric individuals with AF. METHODS From January 2015 to June 2020, a retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary academic institution that diagnosed 1,141 elderly adults with AF. The RAR value was calculated as the ratio of RDW (%) to albumin (g/dL). The potential association between RAR and cardiovascular mortality and the risk of all-cause mortality within 28 days was evaluated by means of multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The 28-day all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates were 8.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Increased RAR tertiles were found to be significantly associated with greater all-cause mortality (T1: 1.6%; T2: 6.2%; T3: 18.1%, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (T1: 0.8%; T2: 2.9%; T3: 6.3%, p < 0.001) using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Continuous RAR had a positive association with all-cause mortality (hazard ratios [HR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.65) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.64), even after accounting for numerous confounding variables. In comparison to the T1 group, individuals with the highest RAR levels displayed a greater risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.11-6.74) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.59, 95% CI: 0.69-9.78). Increased RAR levels were related to higher rates of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across almost all subgroups. CONCLUSION RAR is independently correlated with 28-day all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in AF-affected individuals aged ≥80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conggai Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China,
| | - Jiasheng Cai
- QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Chronic Diseases Management, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Luo
- QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhao Ling
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chuntao Wu
- QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Qu
- Departments of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Arora S, Joshi G, Chaturvedi A, Heuser M, Patil S, Kumar R. A Perspective on Medicinal Chemistry Approaches for Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1171-1205. [PMID: 34726055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The allosteric regulation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) affects the switching of the PKM2 protein between the high-activity and low-activity states that allow ATP and lactate production, respectively. PKM2, in its low catalytic state (dimeric form), is chiefly active in metabolically energetic cells, including cancer cells. More recently, PKM2 has emerged as an attractive target due to its role in metabolic dysfunction and other interrelated conditions. PKM2 (dimer) activity can be inhibited by modulating PKM2 dimer-tetramer dynamics using either PKM2 inhibitors that bind at the ATP binding active site of PKM2 (dimer) or PKM2 activators that bind at the allosteric site of PKM2, thus activating PKM2 from the dimer formation to the tetrameric formation. The present perspective focuses on medicinal chemistry approaches to design and discover PKM2 inhibitors and activators and further provides a scope for the future design of compounds targeting PKM2 with better efficacy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Arora
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248171, India
| | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Santoshkumar Patil
- Discovery Services, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Area-Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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Zhou K, Wei Y, Li X, Yang X. MiR-223-3p targets FOXO3a to inhibit radiosensitivity in prostate cancer by activating glycolysis. Life Sci 2021; 282:119798. [PMID: 34237309 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The incidence and detection rate of prostate cancer in China have been increasing in recent years. Radiotherapy is the ideal treatment for non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), but the effectiveness of radiotherapy is greatly discounted due to radio resistance. Therefore, relieving the radiotherapy resistance of PCa is key to improve the clinical efficacy of PCA. MAIN METHODS Cell proliferation was estimated using the MTT and clone formation assays. Cell apoptosis was estimated using the Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining assay. Glucose uptake and lactose and ATP production were used to detect glycolysis. KEY FINDINGS miR-223-3p was significantly upregulated in clinically collected urine samples and PCa cells with low radiosensitivity. Enhancing miR-223-3p reduced radiosensitivity further, while inhibiting miR-223-3p improved the radiosensitivity of PC3 and LNCaP cells. Importantly, miR-223-3p regulated radiosensitivity by enhancing cell glycolysis. FOXO3a was a key target of miRNA-223-3p regulating glycolysis and radiosensitivity. Overexpression of FOXO3a abated the glycolysis level and alleviated the radioresistance caused by enhancing miR-223-3p to a certain extent. SIGNIFICANCE This is novel research on the role of miR-223-3p in promoting radiotherapy resistance of PCa cells by activating glycolysis. This approach provides a new perspective and ideas for alleviating radiotherapy resistance of PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yongbao Wei
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xurui Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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4
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Chen X, Chen S, Yu D. Protein kinase function of pyruvate kinase M2 and cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:523. [PMID: 33292198 PMCID: PMC7597019 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase is a terminal enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, where it catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and production of ATP via substrate level phosphorylation. PKM2 is one of four isoforms of pyruvate kinase and is widely expressed in many types of tumors and associated with tumorigenesis. In addition to pyruvate kinase activity involving the metabolic pathway, increasing evidence demonstrates that PKM2 exerts a non-metabolic function in cancers. PKM2 has been shown to be translocated into nucleus, where it serves as a protein kinase to phosphorylate various protein targets and contribute to multiple physiopathological processes. We discuss the nuclear localization of PKM2, its protein kinase function and association with cancers, and regulation of PKM2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan Q, Yu H, Chen J, Song X, Sun L. Antitumor Effect of miR-1294/Pyruvate Kinase M2 Signaling Cascade in Osteosarcoma Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1637-1647. [PMID: 32110059 PMCID: PMC7041606 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as negative regulators of gene expression, and play a crucial role in cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-1294/pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) axis in osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods The function of miR-1294 and its association with PKM2 in osteosarcoma cells were studied by real-time PCR, CCK-8, Western blot, scratch test, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The effect of miR-1294 on tumor growth in vivo was evaluated in a subcutaneous xenograft model of osteosarcoma. Results miR-1294 was downregulated in osteosarcoma cells. Forced overexpression of miR-1294 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Consistently, protein expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, c-Myc, cyclin D1, active matrix metalloproteinase 2, and active matrix metalloproteinase 9 were decreased, and cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP were increased following miR-1294 overexpression. Moreover, we demonstrated that PKM2 was a target of miR-1294 in osteosarcoma cells, and the effects caused by miR-1294 mimic were reversed by the overexpression of PKM2. Furthermore, we found that upregulation of miR-1294 inhibited tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma cells in vivo, which was accompanied by downregulation of PKM2. Conclusion Our results revealed that miR-1294/PKM2 signaling cascade exerts important roles in the regulation of tumor progression, implying that this pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
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Phenotypic selection with an intrabody library reveals an anti-apoptotic function of PKM2 requiring Mitofusin-1. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2004413. [PMID: 31181072 PMCID: PMC6586363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins control a decisive apoptotic event: mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). To discover MOMP-regulating proteins, we expressed a library of intracellular single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) (“intrabodies”) and selected for those rescuing cells from apoptosis induced by BimS (the short isoform of Bim). One anti-apoptotic intrabody, intrabody 5 (IB5), recognized pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which is expressed in cancer cells. PKM2 deletion ablated this clonogenic rescue; thus, IB5 activated a latent cytoprotective function of PKM2. This resulted not from pyruvate kinase activity per se but rather from the formation of an active tetrameric conformation of PKM2. A stably tetrameric PKM2 mutant, K422R, promoted cell survival even in the absence of IB5, and IB5 further increased survival. Mitochondria isolated from IB5-expressing cells were relatively resistant to MOMP in vitro. In cells, IB5 expression up-regulated Mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) and increased mitochondrial length. Importantly, Mfn1 deficiency abrogated IB5’s cytoprotective effect. PKM2’s anti-apoptotic function could help explain its preferential expression in human cancer. Proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family regulate a common form of cell death known as apoptosis. Typically, these proteins function in apoptosis by controlling the formation of large pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). While many proteins that regulate apoptosis have been identified over the years, some may still be unknown. Here, we used an unbiased approach in which we first expressed in cultured tumor cells a library of intracellular single-chain antibodies termed “intrabodies.” We then selected for intrabodies that allowed cells to evade apoptosis. We identified pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), a major glycolytic enzyme that has been linked to cancer development, as the specific target of one such anti-apoptotic intrabody. We showed that the PKM2-specific intrabody promoted cell survival not by neutralizing its target but rather by activating an anti-apoptotic function of PKM2. While this cell survival function of PKM2 was not related to changes in the levels of Bcl-2 family proteins or to effects on the enzymatic activity of PKM2, we found that cell survival requires the increased expression of a MOM protein, Mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), known to regulate mitochondrial fusion. We conclude that this cell survival function of PKM2 could contribute to a role in cancer progression for this protein.
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7
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Lin Y, Zhai H, Ouyang Y, Lu Z, Chu C, He Q, Cao X. Knockdown of PKM2 enhances radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:129. [PMID: 31114449 PMCID: PMC6518815 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) catalyzes the final step in glycolysis and has been found to be up-regulated in multiple human malignancies. However, whether PKM2 regulates the radiosensitivity of human cervical cancer (CC) remains unknown. Methods The expression of PKM2 in 94 patients with CC in the complete response (CR) and noncomplete response (nCR) groups, was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of PKM2 inhibition on radiosensitivity, the cell cycle, DNA damage, and apoptosis was evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting. Results PKM2 expression was more highly expressed in the nCR group than that in CR group and PKM2 expression was enhanced in CC cells after ionizing radiation (IR). In addition, knockdown of PKM2 combined with IR significantly reduced cell growth, promoted apoptosis, and enhanced radiosensitivity. Additionally, knockdown of PKM2 with IR resulted in increased phosphorylation of DNA repair checkpoint proteins (ATM) and phosphorylated-H2AX. Moreover, knockdown of PKM2 combined with IR significantly increased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9, whereas Bcl2 expression was suppressed. Furthermore, knockdown of PKM2 combined with IR markedly reduced the expression of several cancer stem cell biomarkers in vitro, including NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, and Bmi1. Conclusions The results of our study suggests that PKM2 might be involved in mediating CC radiosensitivity and is identified as a potentially important target to enhance radiosensitivity in patients with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Gynecology Department, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Ouyang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lu
- 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengbiao Chu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianting He
- 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Hasan D, Gamen E, Abu Tarboush N, Ismail Y, Pak O, Azab B. PKM2 and HIF-1α regulation in prostate cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203745. [PMID: 30216369 PMCID: PMC6138389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCA) is one of the most common cancer types in men, with cancer progression being linked to hypoxia and the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF).We investigated the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), its regulation by HIF isoforms 1α and 2α, and its role in HIF stabilization. We additionally examined cell survival in the prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and LNCaP under severe hypoxic (0.1% O2) and normoxic (20% O2) conditions. qRT-PCR showed higher up-regulation of PKM2 mRNA expression in LNCaP cells than in PC3 cells, while western blotting showed that PKM2 protein levels were up-regulated only in LNCaP cells. Inhibition of HIF-1α and HIF-2α by small interfering RNA (si-RNA) demonstrated HIF-1α dependent up-regulation of PKM2 at the mRNA and protein levels in LNCaP cells. PKM2 inhibition by si-RNA significantly decreased hypoxia-response element (HRE) activation in a gene reporter assay and down-regulated HIF-1α target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression in PC3 cells, whereas HIF-1α protein levels were not significantly reduced. Additionally, PKM2 inhibition significantly reduced clonogenic survival in both cell lines in a colony formation assay. Prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) mRNA expression was up-regulated in both cell lines. It has been shown that PKM2 expression is regulated by HIF-1α and that PKM2 favors HIF-1α transactivation under mild (1% O2) but not severe (0.1% O2) hypoxic conditions, and some of our findings are consistent with these previous results. However, this mechanism was not fully observed in our studied cell lines, as PKM2 regulation and HIF-1α stabilization at the transactivation level occurred under severe hypoxic conditions. This discrepancy suggests that tumor tissue origin and cell type influence this model. Our findings expand the current knowledge of the mechanisms of PCA regulation, and would be important in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Hasan
- Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa College, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - Nafez Abu Tarboush
- The University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazan Ismail
- Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa College, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Oleg Pak
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), German Lung Center (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Belal Azab
- The University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Amman, Jordan
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Yang XY, Zhang J, Yu XL, Zheng GF, Zhao F, Jia XJ. Death-associated protein kinase promoter methylation correlates with clinicopathological and prognostic features in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients: A cohort study. J Cancer Res Ther 2018; 14:S65-S71. [PMID: 29578152 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.158197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective was to study the correlation between death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) promoter methylation and the clinicopathological and prognostic features in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Materials and Methods A total of 117 NSCLC patients were recruited into our study between December 2012 and December 2014. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the methylation status of DAPK in cancer tissues, peficancerous tissues, and serum samples of 117 NSCLC patients. In addition, serum samples of 115 healthy subjects were analyzed as controls. A literature search of English and Chinese databases, based on predefined criteria, identified published studies closely related to this study. Data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software (STATA Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). Results Our study results showed that DAPK promoter methylation frequency was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues compared to peficancerous normal tissues (58.1% vs. 12.8%, χ2 = 52.45, P < 0.001). When serum samples were compared, DAPK methylation frequency in NSCLC patients was higher than the control group (27.4% vs. 0, χ2 = 37.07, P < 0.001). Our meta-analysis results demonstrated that DAPK methylation frequency was lower in tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage I-II compared to TNM stage III-IV (relative risk [RR] =0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.76-0.99, P = 0.041). DAPK promoter methylation frequency in NSCLC patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher compared to the patients with no metastases (RR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04-1.52, P = 0.020). Finally, the 5-year survival rate was lower in NSCLC patient group with high frequency of DAPK methylation, compared to the patient group with unmethylated DAPK (RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.56-0.89, P = 0.004). Conclusion Our results showed that DAPK promoter methylation is tightly correlated with clinicopathological features of NSCLC and is associated with poor prognosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R, China
| | - Guo-Feng Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Jia
- Department of Radiation Therapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, P.R. China
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Zou K, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zheng L, Xu W, Li G. Specific tumor-derived CCL2 mediated by pyruvate kinase M2 in colorectal cancer cells contributes to macrophage recruitment in tumor microenvironment. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695962. [PMID: 28347237 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of colorectal cancer has been considered as a result of imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory intestinal microenvironment accompanied by macrophage recruitment. Despite macrophages are implicated in remodeling tumor microenvironment, the mechanism of macrophage recruitment is not fully elucidated yet. In this study, we reported clinical association of highly expressed pyruvate kinase M2 in colorectal cancer with macrophage attraction. The conditioned medium from Caco-2 and HT-29 cells with depleted pyruvate kinase M2 dramatically reduced macrophage recruitment, which is reversed by addition of, a critical chemotaxis factor to macrophage migration, rCCL2. Silencing of endogenous pyruvate kinase M2 markedly decreased CCL2 expression and secretion by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Endogenous pyruvate kinase M2 interacted with p65 and mediated nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and mainly regulated phosphorylation of Ser276 on p65 nuclear factor-κB. In addition, inhibition of macrophage recruitment caused by pyruvate kinase M2 silencing was rescued by ectopic expression of p65. Interestingly, pyruvate kinase M2 highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissue, which is correction with macrophage distribution. Taken together, we revealed a novel mechanism of pyruvate kinase M2 in promoting colorectal cancer progression by recruitment of macrophages through p65 nuclear factor-κB-mediated expression of CCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Zou
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,2 Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- 3 Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Hu
- 2 Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | | | - Wanfu Xu
- 5 Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Fan F, Wu H, Liu Z, Hou X, Chen W, Wang A, Lu Y. Nuclear PKM2 expression, an independent risk factor for ER after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1858-1864. [PMID: 27894667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection, providing a long-term survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, is regarded as one of the standard curative treatments of HCC if the tumor is resectable. However, 50% patients develop early recurrence (ER) during the first two years after operation, which are more diffuse and rarely treatable with unsatisfactory long-term survival. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms of ER after curative resection and the molecular markers with predictive and prognostic significance have never been identified yet. Recent studies reveal that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) levels were correlated with overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with HCC. The present study was aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression of PKM2 and ER. Our findings demonstrated that not the total PKM2 expression but the nuclear PKM2 expression as an independent risk factor for ER after curative resection, and could be a promising intervention target following curative resection for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangtian Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chine-se Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng Health Vocational and Technical College, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chine-se Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xianbang Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chine-se Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chine-se Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chine-se Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chine-se Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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