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1
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Jeong YJ, Hong Y, Yoon YJ, Sim NS, Hong SM, Lim JY. Chemical reprogramming culture for the expansion of salivary gland epithelial basal progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2025; 16:187. [PMID: 40251601 PMCID: PMC12008940 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-025-04295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction presents a significant clinical challenge with limited treatment options. SG epithelial cells offer a promising approach due to their intrinsic tissue specificity and regenerative potential. However, the lack of efficient culture methods has hindered their clinical use. METHODS This study presents a chemical reprogramming culture (CRC) system that utilizes a combination of three small molecules for the long-term two-dimensional culture of human SG epithelial progenitor cells. We characterized the cultured cells, measured their organoid-forming efficiencies, and assessed their differentiation potential. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the SG basal progenitor cells (SG-BPCs), we administered them into a mouse model with radiation-induced SG hypofunction and assessed the functional recovery. RESULTS By utilizing optimal concentrations of the small molecules Y-27632, A83-01, and LDN193189, the SG epithelial cells achieved over 50 population doubling levels (PD) within 80 d, surpassing the Hayflick limit. β-galactosidase and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining confirmed that these small molecules inhibited cellular senescence and apoptosis, respectively. The cells expressed SG basal ductal cell markers KRT5, KRT19, and SOX9, with increased expression levels observed from PD5 to PD40. Notably, these expanded cells were able to differentiate into various SG cell types, including acinar and myoepithelial cells, indicating that SG-basal progenitor cells (SG-BPCs) were selectively proliferated using our CRC method. To assess the therapeutic potential of the expanded SG-BPCs, they were administered to mice with radiation-induced SG hypofunction. The treatment successfully restored SG function. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that our CRC system is an effective method for the long-term culture of SG-BPCs. This advancement holds significant promise for the development of SG epithelial progenitor-based therapies to treat SG hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongpyo Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Suk Sim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Varlı HS, Akkurt Yıldırım M, Kızılbey K, Türkoğlu N. Gene Delivery via Octadecylamine-Based Nanoparticles for iPSC Generation from CCD1072-SK Fibroblast Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:12588-12607. [PMID: 39590341 PMCID: PMC11593313 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a novel biotechnological approach using octadecylamine-based solid lipid nanoparticles (OCTNPs) for the first-time reprogramming of human CCD1072-SK fibroblast cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). OCTNPs, with an average size of 178.9 nm and a positive zeta potential of 22.8 mV, were synthesized, thoroughly characterized, and utilized as a non-viral vector to efficiently deliver reprogramming factors, achieving a remarkable transfection efficiency of 82.0%. iPSCs were characterized through immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and RT-qPCR, confirming the expression of key pluripotency markers such as OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4, with alkaline phosphatase activity further validating their pluripotent state. Following this comprehensive characterization, the iPSCs were successfully differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells using 5-azacytidine. Our research highlights the innovative application of OCTNPs as a safe and effective alternative to viral vectors, addressing key limitations of iPSC reprogramming. The novel application of OCTNPs for efficient gene delivery demonstrates a powerful tool for advancing stem cell technologies, minimizing risks associated with viral vectors. These findings pave the way for further innovations in biotechnological applications, particularly in tissue engineering and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Sevgi Varlı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science and Technology, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Türkiye; (H.S.V.); (M.A.Y.)
- Central Research Laboratory, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Meryem Akkurt Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science and Technology, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Türkiye; (H.S.V.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Kadriye Kızılbey
- Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nelisa Türkoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science and Technology, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Türkiye; (H.S.V.); (M.A.Y.)
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3
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Jin K, Zhou J, Wu G, Li Z, Zhu X, Liang Y, Li T, Chen G, Zuo Q, Niu Y, Song J, Han W. CHIR99021 and Brdu Are Critical in Chicken iPSC Reprogramming via Small-Molecule Screening. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1206. [PMID: 39336797 PMCID: PMC11431361 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from somatic cells into cells with most of the ESC (embryonic stem cell) characteristics show promise toward solving ethical problems currently facing stem cell research and eventually yield clinical grade pluripotent stem cells for therapies and regenerative medicine. In recent years, an increasing body of research suggests that the chemical induction of pluripotency (CIP) method can yield iPSCs in vitro, yet its application in avian species remains unreported. Methods: Herein, we successfully obtained stably growing chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) using the tissue block adherence method and employed 12 small-molecule compounds to induce chicken iPSC formation. Results: The final optimized iPSC induction system was bFGF (10 ng/mL), CHIR99021 (3 μM), RepSox (5 μM), DZNep (0.05 μM), BrdU (10 μM), BMP4 (10 ng/mL), vitamin C (50 μg/mL), EPZ-5676 (5 μM), and VPA (0.1 mM). Optimization of the induction system revealed that the highest number of clones was induced with 8 × 104 cells per well and at 1.5 times the original concentration. Upon characterization, these clones exhibited iPSC characteristics, leading to the development of a stable compound combination for iPSC generation in chickens. Concurrently, employing a deletion strategy to investigate the functionality of small-molecule compounds during induction, we identified CHIR99021 and BrdU as critical factors for inducing chicken iPSC formation. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study provides a reference method for utilizing small-molecule combinations in avian species to reprogram cells and establish a network of cell fate determination mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xilin Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Youchen Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Niu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (G.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences/Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China;
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Kim D, Lee MJ, Arai Y, Ahn J, Lee GW, Lee SH. Ultrasound-triggered three dimensional hyaluronic acid hydrogel promotes in vitro and in vivo reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:331-345. [PMID: 38764447 PMCID: PMC11101682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming technologies have been developed with different physicochemical factors to improve the reprogramming efficiencies of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Ultrasound is a clinically applied noncontact biophysical factor known for regulating various cellular behaviors but remains uninvestigated for cellular reprogramming. Here, we present a new reprogramming strategy using low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) to improve cellular reprogramming of iPSCs in vitro and in vivo. Under 3D microenvironment conditions, increased LIUS stimulation shows enhanced cellular reprogramming of the iPSCs. The cellular reprogramming process facilitated by LIUS is accompanied by increased mesenchymal to epithelial transition and histone modification. LIUS stimulation transiently modulates the cytoskeletal rearrangement, along with increased membrane fluidity and mobility to increase HA/CD44 interactions. Furthermore, LIUS stimulation with HA hydrogel can be utilized in application of both human cells and in vivo environment, for enhanced reprogrammed cells into iPSCs. Thus, LIUS stimulation with a combinatorial 3D microenvironment system can improve cellular reprogramming in vitro and in vivo environments, which can be applied in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 04620, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 04620, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 04620, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 04620, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Dong Q, Fei X, Zhang H, Zhu X, Ruan J. Effect of Dimethyloxalylglycine on Stem Cells Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Tissue Regeneration-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3879. [PMID: 38612687 PMCID: PMC11011423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) has been found to stimulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis of stem cells, promoting neo-angiogenesis in bone tissue regeneration. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search of the literature to investigate the effects of DMOG on osteogenesis and bone regeneration. We screened the studies based on specific inclusion criteria and extracted relevant information from both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The risk of bias in animal studies was evaluated using the SYRCLE tool. Out of the 174 studies retrieved, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria (34 studies were analyzed in vitro and 20 studies were analyzed in vivo). The findings of the included studies revealed that DMOG stimulated stem cells' differentiation toward osteogenic, angiogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, leading to vascularized bone and cartilage regeneration. Addtionally, DMOG demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone loss caused by bone-related diseases. However, the culture environment in vitro is notably distinct from that in vivo, and the animal models used in vivo experiments differ significantly from humans. In summary, DMOG has the ability to enhance the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation potential of stem cells, thereby improving bone regeneration in cases of bone defects. This highlights DMOG as a potential focus for research in the field of bone tissue regeneration engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Xiuzhi Fei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Ximei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
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6
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Rispoli P, Scandiuzzi Piovesan T, Decorti G, Stocco G, Lucafò M. iPSCs as a groundbreaking tool for the study of adverse drug reactions: A new avenue for personalized therapy. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1630. [PMID: 37770042 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), obtained by reprogramming different somatic cell types, represent a promising tool for the study of drug toxicities, especially in the context of personalized medicine. Indeed, these cells retain the same genetic heritage of the donor, allowing the development of personalized models. In addition, they represent a useful tool for the study of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in special populations, such as pediatric patients, which are often poorly represented in clinical trials due to ethical issues. Particularly, iPSCs can be differentiated into any tissue of the human body, following several protocols which use different stimuli to induce specific differentiation processes. Differentiated cells also maintain the genetic heritage of the donor, and therefore are suitable for personalized pharmacological studies; moreover, iPSC-derived differentiated cells are a valuable tool for the investigation of the mechanisms underlying the physiological differentiation processes. iPSCs-derived organoids represent another important tool for the study of ADRs. Precisely, organoids are in vitro 3D models which better represent the native organ, both from a structural and a functional point of view. Moreover, in the same way as iPSC-derived 2D models, iPSC-derived organoids are appropriate personalized models since they retain the genetic heritage of the donor. In comparison to other in vitro models, iPSC-derived organoids present advantages in terms of versatility, patient-specificity, and ethical issues. This review aims to provide an updated report of the employment of iPSCs, and 2D and 3D models derived from these, for the study of ADRs. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rispoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Decorti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Zeng Y, Wang F, Li S, Song B. Regulatory Network of Methyltransferase-Like 3 in Stem Cells: Mechanisms and Medical Implications. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241282792. [PMID: 39466679 PMCID: PMC11528761 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241282792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the potential to replace defective cells in several human diseases by depending on their self-renewal and differentiation capacities that are controlled by genes. Currently, exploring the regulation mechanism for stem cell capacities from the perspective of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification has obtained great advance, which functions by regulating target genes post-transcriptionally. However, reviews that interpret the regulatory network of METTL3 in stem cells are still lacking. In this review, we systematically analyze the available publications that report the role and mechanisms of METTL3 in stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and cancer stem cells. The analysis of such publications suggests that METTL3 controls stem cell fates and is indispensable for maintaining its normal capacities. However, its dysfunction induces various pathologies, particularly cancers. To sum up, this review suggests METTL3 as a key regulator for stem cell capacities, with further exploration potential in translational and clinical fields. In conclusion, this review promotes the understanding of how METTL3 functions in stem cells, which provides a valuable reference for further fundamental studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Deyang, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Deyang, China
| | - Silu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Deyang, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Deyang, China
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Smullen M, Olson MN, Reichert JM, Dawes P, Murray LF, Baer CE, Wang Q, Readhead B, Church GM, Lim ET, Chan Y. Reliable multiplex generation of pooled induced pluripotent stem cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100570. [PMID: 37751688 PMCID: PMC10545906 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enables the study of systems in vitro. To increase the throughput of reprogramming, we present induction of pluripotency from pooled cells (iPPC)-an efficient, scalable, and reliable reprogramming procedure. Using our deconvolution algorithm that employs pooled sequencing of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we accurately estimated individual donor proportions of the pooled iPSCs. With iPPC, we concurrently reprogrammed over one hundred donor lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) into iPSCs and found strong correlations of individual donors' reprogramming ability across multiple experiments. Individual donors' reprogramming ability remains consistent across both same-day replicates and multiple experimental runs, and the expression of certain immunoglobulin precursor genes may impact reprogramming ability. The pooled iPSCs were also able to differentiate into cerebral organoids. Our procedure enables a multiplex framework of using pooled libraries of donor iPSCs for downstream research and investigation of in vitro phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Smullen
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meagan N Olson
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Julia M Reichert
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pepper Dawes
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Liam F Murray
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christina E Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elaine T Lim
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yingleong Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2-Mediated Serotonin Biosynthesis Suppresses Cell Reprogramming into Pluripotent State. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054862. [PMID: 36902295 PMCID: PMC10003565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has important functions both in the neural system and during embryonic development in mammals. In this study, we set out to investigate whether and how endogenous serotonin affects reprogramming to pluripotency. As serotonin is synthesized from tryptophan by the rate limiting enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase-1 and -2 (TPH1 and TPH2), we have assessed the reprogramming of TPH1- and/or TPH2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The reprogramming of the double mutant MEFs showed a dramatic increase in the efficiency of iPSC generation. In contrast, ectopic expression of TPH2 alone or in conjunction with TPH1 reverted the rate of reprogramming of the double mutant MEFs to the wild-type level and besides, TPH2 overexpression significantly suppressed reprogramming of wild-type MEFs. Our data thus suggest a negative role of serotonin biosynthesis in the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state.
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Liu X, Guo C, Leng T, Fan Z, Mai J, Chen J, Xu J, Li Q, Jiang B, Sai K, Yang W, Gu J, Wang J, Sun S, Chen Z, Zhong Y, Liang X, Chen C, Cai J, Lin Y, Liang J, Hu J, Yan G, Zhu W, Yin W. Differential regulation of H3K9/H3K14 acetylation by small molecules drives neuron-fate-induction of glioma cell. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:142. [PMID: 36805688 PMCID: PMC9941105 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy using small molecules is a promising strategy for improving the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Histone acetylation plays an important role in cell fate determination. Nevertheless, whether histone acetylation in specific sites determines GBM cells fate remains to be explored. Through screening from a 349 small molecule-library, we identified that histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) MS-275 synergized with 8-CPT-cAMP was able to transdifferentiate U87MG GBM cells into neuron-like cells, which were characterized by cell cycle arrest, rich neuron biomarkers, and typical neuron electrophysiology. Intriguingly, acetylation tags of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) were decreased in the promoter of multiple oncogenes and cell cycle genes, while ones of H3K9ac and histone 3 at lysine 14 (H3K14ac) were increased in the promoter of neuron-specific genes. We then compiled a list of genes controlled by H3K9ac and H3K14ac, and proved that it is a good predictive power for pathologic grading and survival prediction. Moreover, cAMP agonist combined with HDACi also induced glioma stem cells (GSCs) to differentiate into neuron-like cells through the regulation of H3K9ac/K14ac, indicating that combined induction has the potential for recurrence-preventive application. Furthermore, the combination of cAMP activator plus HDACi significantly repressed the tumor growth in a subcutaneous GSC-derived tumor model, and temozolomide cooperated with the differentiation-inducing combination to prolong the survival in an orthotopic GSC-derived tumor model. These findings highlight epigenetic reprogramming through H3K9ac and H3K14ac as a novel approach for driving neuron-fate-induction of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Cui Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Tiandong Leng
- Department of Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jialuo Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jiehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Qianyi Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhuo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yingqian Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Xuanming Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Chaoxin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jiankai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
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Xu J, Fang S, Wang N, Li B, Huang Y, Fan Q, Shi J, Liu H, Shao Z. Dual-specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-regulated Kinase Inhibitor ID-8 Promotes Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Activating PDK4 Expression. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2074-2087. [PMID: 35080746 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great potentials in disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy. However, efficiency and costs of hiPSCs preparation still need to be improved. METHODS We screened the compounds that target signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications or metabolic-process regulation to replace the growth factors. After small molecule treatment, TRA-1-60, which is a cell surface antigen expressed by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), staining was performed to quantify the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming. Next, small molecule cocktail-induced ESCs or iPSCs were examined with pluripotent markers expression. Finally, Genome-wide gene expression profile was analyzed by RNA-seq to illustrate the mechanism of human somatic cell reprogramming. RESULT Here, we found that a dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) inhibitor ID-8 robustly enhanced human somatic cell reprogramming by upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and activation of glycolysis. Furthermore, we identified a novel growth-factor-free hiPSC generation system using small molecules ID-8 (I) and TGFβ signal pathway agonist Kartogenin (K). Importantly, we developed IK medium combined with low-dose bFGF to support the long-term expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. IK-iPSCs showed pluripotency and normal karyotype. CONCLUSIONS Our studies may provide a novel growth-factor-free culture system to facilitate the generation of hiPSCs for multiple applications in regenerative medicine. In Brief Xu et at. found that a dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) inhibitor ID-8 robustly enhanced human somatic cell reprogramming by upregulation of PDK4 and activation of glycolysis. Furthermore, we established a novel growth-factor-free hiPSC generation system using small molecules ID-8/Kartogenin (IK). IK medium combined with Low-dose bFGF (IKB medium) supported the long-term expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. Highlights ID-8 Enhanced Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts and Astrocytes Establishment of the Growth-factor-free Reprogramming System Using Small Molecule Compounds IK IKB Medium Maintained the Long-term Expansion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ID-8 Promoted Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Activating PDK4 Expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative, Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative, Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Naweng Wang
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative, Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhicheng Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative, Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Chen G, Yin S, Zeng H, Li H, Wan X. Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081151. [PMID: 36013330 PMCID: PMC9410528 DOI: 10.3390/life12081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a type of cells capable of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. The self-renewal of ESCs is regulated by factors including signaling pathway proteins, transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, cytokines, and small molecular compounds. Similarly, non-coding RNAs, small RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) also play an important role in the process. Functionally, the core transcription factors interact with helper transcription factors to activate the expression of genes that contribute to maintaining pluripotency, while suppressing the expression of differentiation-related genes. Additionally, cytokines such as leukemia suppressor factor (LIF) stimulate downstream signaling pathways and promote self-renewal of ESCs. Particularly, LIF binds to its receptor (LIFR/gp130) to trigger the downstream Jak-Stat3 signaling pathway. BMP4 activates the downstream pathway and acts in combination with Jak-Stat3 to promote pluripotency of ESCs in the absence of serum. In addition, activation of the Wnt-FDZ signaling pathway has been observed to facilitate the self-renewal of ESCs. Small molecule modulator proteins of the pathway mentioned above are widely used in in vitro culture of stem cells. Multiple epigenetic regulators are involved in the maintenance of ESCs self-renewal, making the epigenetic status of ESCs a crucial factor in this process. Similarly, non-coding RNAs and cellular energetics have been described to promote the maintenance of the ESC's self-renewal. These factors regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs by forming signaling networks. This review focused on the role of major transcription factors, signaling pathways, small molecular compounds, epigenetic regulators, non-coding RNAs, and cellular energetics in ESC's self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
| | - Shasha Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Haisen Li
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-20261000 (ext. 1379) (G.C.)
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Chan YH, Ho KN, Lee YC, Chou MJ, Lew WZ, Huang HM, Lai PC, Feng SW. Melatonin enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells by regulating MAPK pathways and promotes the efficiency of bone regeneration in calvarial bone defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:73. [PMID: 35183254 PMCID: PMC8858457 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based tissue engineering plays a major role in regenerative medicine. However, the efficiency of MSC transplantation and survival of engrafted stem cells remain challenging. Melatonin can regulate MSC biology. However, its function in the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSCs) remains unclear. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of melatonin on the osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration capacities of DPSCs. Methods The biological effects and signaling mechanisms of melatonin with different concentrations on DPSCs were evaluated using a proliferation assay, the quantitative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining, a real-time polymerase chain reaction, and a western blot in vitro cell culture model. The in vivo bone regeneration capacities were assessed among empty control, MBCP, MBCP + DPSCs, and MBCP + DPSCs + melatonin preconditioning in four-created calvarial bone defects by using micro-computed tomographic, histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses after 4 and 8 weeks of healing. Results In vitro experiments revealed that melatonin (1, 10, and 100 μM) significantly and concentration-dependently promoted proliferation, surface marker expression (CD 146), ALP activity and extracellular calcium deposition, and osteogenic gene expression of DPSCs (p < 0.05). Melatonin activated the protein expression of ALP, OCN, and RUNX-2 and inhibited COX-2/NF-κB expression. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/ERK signaling was significantly increased in DPSCs treated with 100 μM melatonin, and their inhibitors significantly decreased osteogenic differentiation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that bone defects implanted with MBCP bone-grafting materials and melatonin-preconditioned DPSCs exhibited significantly greater bone volume fraction, trabecular bone structural modeling, new bone formation, and osteogenesis-related protein expression than the other three groups at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively (p < 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that melatonin promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs by regulating COX-2/NF-κB and p38/ERK MAPK signaling pathways. Preconditioning DPSCs with melatonin before transplantation can efficiently enhance MSCs function and regenerative capacities.
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The Use of Trichostatin A during Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation Does Not Affect MHC Expression Level. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9346767. [PMID: 35371264 PMCID: PMC8967593 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9346767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are considered as a potent tool for use in regenerative medicine. Highly efficient generation of PSCs through chromatin modulators such as trichostatin A (TSA) might change their MHC molecule expression profile. The efficiency of PSC generation and their immunogenicity is major obstacles for clinical use. Hence, we aim to investigate whether the use of TSA during PSC generation affects MHC expression level. Three PSC lines were generated by iPSCs, NT-ESCs, and IVF-ESCs' reprogramming methods from B6D2F1 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Established PSC lines were characterized by alkaline phosphatase assay (ALP) and immunocytochemistry. Their chromosome fidelity was checked by karyotyping. The expression level of pluripotent genes (oct4, nanog, sox2, klf4), HDACs (hdac1, hdac2, and hdac3), and immune-related genes (including Qa-1, Qa-2, H2kb, H2kd, H2db, H2db, CIITA, H2-IE-βb, H2-IE-βd) in iPSC and ESC lines were assessed by real-time PCR analysis. The presence of MHC molecules on the surface of pluripotent stem cells was also checked by flow cytometry technique. Significant increase of pluripotency markers, oct4, nanog, sox2, and klf4, was observed in 100 nM TSA-treated samples. 100 nM TSA induced significant upregulation of H2db in generated iPSCs. H2-IE-βd was remarkably downregulated in 50 and 100 nM TSA-treated iPSC lines. The expression level of other immune-related genes was not greatly affected by TSA in iPSC and NT-ESC lines. It is concluded that the use of short-term and low concentration of TSA during reprogramming in PSC generation procedure significantly increases PSC generation efficiency, but do not affect the MHC expression in established cell lines, which is in the benefit of cell transplantation in regenerative medicine.
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Zhong C, Liu M, Pan X, Zhu H. Tumorigenicity Risk of iPSCs in vivo: Nip it in the Bud. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022; 5:pbac004. [PMID: 35692443 PMCID: PMC9026204 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka first created induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts via the retroviral introduction of genes encoding the transcription factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf44, and c-Myc. Since then, the future clinical application of somatic cell reprogramming technology has become an attractive research topic in the field of regenerative medicine. Of note, considerable interest has been placed in circumventing ethical issues linked to embryonic stem cell research. However, tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and heterogeneity may hamper attempts to deploy this technology therapeutically. This review highlights the progress aimed at reducing induced pluripotent stem cells tumorigenicity risk and how to assess the safety of induced pluripotent stem cells cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Cui G, Xu Y, Cao S, Shi K. Inducing somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells is an important platform to study the mechanism of early embryonic development. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:70-85. [PMID: 35075695 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The early embryonic development starts with the totipotent zygote upon fertilization of differentiated sperm and egg, which undergoes a range of reprogramming and transformation to acquire pluripotency. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), a nonclonal technique to produce stem cells, are originated from differentiated somatic cells via accomplishment of cell reprogramming, which shares common reprogramming process with early embryonic development. iPSCs are attractive in recent years due to the potentially significant applications in disease modeling, potential value in genetic improvement of husbandry animal, regenerative medicine, and drug screening. This review focuses on introducing the research advance of both somatic cell reprogramming and early embryonic development, indicating that the mechanisms of iPSCs also shares common features with that of early embryonic development in several aspects, such as germ cell factors, DNA methylation, histone modification, and/or X chromosome inactivation. As iPSCs can successfully avoid ethical concerns that are naturally present in the embryos and/or embryonic stem cells, the practicality of somatic cell reprogramming (iPSCs) could provide an insightful platform to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guina Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyuan Cao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Kerong Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Chen L, Guttieres D, Koenigsberg A, Barone PW, Sinskey AJ, Springs SL. Large-scale cultured meat production: Trends, challenges and promising biomanufacturing technologies. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121274. [PMID: 34871881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food systems of the future will need to face an increasingly clear reality - that a protein-rich diet is essential for good health, but traditional meat products will not suffice to ensure safety, sustainability, and equity of food supply chains at a global scale. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of bioprocess technologies needed for cell-based meat production and challenges in reaching commercial scale. Specifically, it reviews state-of-the-art bioprocess technologies, current limitations, and opportunities for research across four domains: cell line development, cell culture media, scaffolding, and bioreactors. This also includes exploring innovations to make cultured meat a viable protein alternative across numerous key performance indicators and for specific applications where traditional livestock is not an option (e.g., local production, space exploration). The paper explores tradeoffs between production scale, product quality, production cost, and footprint over different time horizons. Finally, a discussion explores various factors that may impact the ability to successfully scale and market cultured meat products: social acceptance, environmental tradeoffs, regulatory guidance, and public health benefits. While the exact nature of the transition from traditional livestock to alternative protein products is uncertain, it has already started and will likely continue to build momentum in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Donovan Guttieres
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Koenigsberg
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Paul W Barone
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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Pluripotency Stemness and Cancer: More Questions than Answers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:77-100. [PMID: 34725790 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells provided us with fascinating new knowledge in recent years. Mechanistic insight into intricate regulatory circuitry governing pluripotency stemness and disclosing parallels between pluripotency stemness and cancer instigated numerous studies focusing on roles of pluripotency transcription factors, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, Sall4 and Tfcp2L1, in cancer. Although generally well substantiated as tumour-promoting factors, oncogenic roles of pluripotency transcription factors and their clinical impacts are revealing themselves as increasingly complex. In certain tumours, both Oct4 and Sox2 behave as genuine oncogenes, and reporter genes driven by composite regulatory elements jointly recognized by both the factors can identify stem-like cells in a proportion of tumours. On the other hand, cancer stem cells seem to be biologically very heterogeneous both among different tumour types and among and even within individual tumours. Pluripotency transcription factors are certainly implicated in cancer stemness, but do not seem to encompass its entire spectrum. Certain cancer stem cells maintain their stemness by biological mechanisms completely different from pluripotency stemness, sometimes even by engaging signalling pathways that promote differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, while these signalling pathways may well be antithetical to stemness in pluripotent stem cells, they may cooperate with pluripotency factors in cancer stem cells - a paradigmatic example is provided by the MAPK-AP-1 pathway. Unexpectedly, forced expression of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer cells frequently results in loss of their tumour-initiating ability, their phenotypic reversion and partial epigenetic normalization. Besides the very different signalling contexts operating in pluripotent and cancer stem cells, respectively, the pronounced dose dependency of reprogramming pluripotency factors may also contribute to the frequent loss of tumorigenicity observed in induced pluripotent cancer cells. Finally, contradictory cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects of various signalling molecules operate during pluripotency (cancer) reprogramming. The effects of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer are thus best explained within the concept of cancer stem cell heterogeneity.
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19
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Ngezahayo A, Ruhe FA. Connexins in the development and physiology of stem cells. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1949242. [PMID: 34227910 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1949242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) form gap junction (GJ) channels linking vertebrate cells. During embryogenesis, Cxs are expressed as early as the 4-8 cell stage. As cells differentiate into pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and during gastrulation, the Cx expression pattern is adapted. Knockdown of Cx43 and Cx45 does not interfere with embryogenic development until the blastula stage, questioning the role of Cxs in PSC physiology and development. Studies in cultivated and induced PSCs (iPSCs) showed that Cx43 is essential for the maintenance of self-renewal and the expression of pluripotency markers. It was found that the role of Cxs in PSCs is more related to regulation of transcription or cell-cell adherence than to formation of GJ channels. Furthermore, a crucial role of Cxs for the self-renewal and differentiation was shown in cultivated adult mesenchymal stem cells. This review aims to highlight aspects that link Cxs to the function and physiology of stem cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaclet Ngezahayo
- Dept. Cell Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frederike A Ruhe
- Dept. Cell Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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20
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iPSC Preparation and Epigenetic Memory: Does the Tissue Origin Matter? Cells 2021; 10:cells10061470. [PMID: 34208270 PMCID: PMC8230744 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a breakthrough in regenerative medicine, providing new opportunities for understanding basic molecular mechanisms of human development and molecular aspects of degenerative diseases. In contrast to human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), iPSCs do not raise any ethical concerns regarding the onset of human personhood. Still, they present some technical issues related to immune rejection after transplantation and potential tumorigenicity, indicating that more steps forward must be completed to use iPSCs as a viable tool for in vivo tissue regeneration. On the other hand, cell source origin may be pivotal to iPSC generation since residual epigenetic memory could influence the iPSC phenotype and transplantation outcome. In this paper, we first review the impact of reprogramming methods and the choice of the tissue of origin on the epigenetic memory of the iPSCs or their differentiated cells. Next, we describe the importance of induction methods to determine the reprogramming efficiency and avoid integration in the host genome that could alter gene expression. Finally, we compare the significance of the tissue of origin and the inter-individual genetic variation modification that has been lightly evaluated so far, but which significantly impacts reprogramming.
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21
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Cai Y, Wang B, Li B, Huang X, Guo H, Liu Y, Chen B, Zhao S, Wu S, Li W, Wang L, Jia K, Wang H, Chen P, Jiang M, Tang X, Qi H, Dai C, Ye J, He Y. Collection on reports of molecules linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the process of treating metastasizing cancer: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:946. [PMID: 34350261 PMCID: PMC8263858 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a morphological process in which epithelial cells transform into mesenchymal cells via a specific procedure. EMT plays an important role in the cancer invasion-metastasis cascade and the current treatment of metastatic cancer, influences the migration, polarity, and adhesion of tumor cells, promotes their migration, invasiveness, anti-apoptotic ability. It contributes to the changes of the tumor microenvironment and suppresses the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy, causing cancer metastasis and worse, hindering the control and therapy of it. This paper reviews the mechanisms, detection, and treatments of cancer metastasis that have been identified and applied to date, summarizes the EMT-related biological molecules, providing a reference for EMT-targeted research and therapy. As EMT is significant in the progress of tumor metastasis, it is meaningful for the therapy and control of metastatic cancer to understand the mechanism of EMT at the molecular level. We summarized the mechanisms, detection and therapeutic implications of EMT, listed the research progress of molecules like genes, miRNAs, signaling pathways in EMT. We also discussed the prospects of EMT-targeted treatment in cancer metastasis interventions and the challenges the treatment and researches are facing. The summary is conducive to the treatment and further research of EMT and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingying Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintong Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minlin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuzhen Tang
- Oncology and Immunology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi Apptec, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Oncology and Immunology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi Apptec, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Dai
- Oncology and Immunology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi Apptec, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Pushp P, Nogueira DES, Rodrigues CAV, Ferreira FC, Cabral JMS, Gupta MK. A Concise Review on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Personalized Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:748-776. [PMID: 33098306 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells by using reprogramming factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) or Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28 (OSNL). They resemble embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and have the ability to differentiate into cell lineage of all three germ-layer, including cardiomyocytes (CMs). The CMs can be generated from iPSCs by inducing embryoid bodies (EBs) formation and treatment with activin A, bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), and inhibitors of Wnt signaling. However, these iPSC-derived CMs are a heterogeneous population of cells and require purification and maturation to mimic the in vivo CMs. The matured CMs can be used for various therapeutic purposes in regenerative medicine by cardiomyoplasty or through the development of tissue-engineered cardiac patches. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the isolation of iPSC and their differentiation, purification, and maturation into clinically usable CMs. Newer small molecules have also been identified to substitute the reprogramming factors for iPSC generation as well as for direct differentiation of somatic cells into CMs without an intermediary pluripotent state. This review provides a concise update on the generation of iPSC-derived CMs and their application in personalized cardiac regenerative medicine. It also discusses the current limitations and challenges in the application of iPSC-derived CMs. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Pushp
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET), Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284128, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India
| | - Diogo E S Nogueira
- Department of Bioengineering, and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico C Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India.
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23
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Napolitano F, Rapakoulia T, Annunziata P, Hasegawa A, Cardon M, Napolitano S, Vaccaro L, Iuliano A, Wanderlingh LG, Kasukawa T, Medina DL, Cacchiarelli D, Gao X, di Bernardo D, Arner E. Automatic identification of small molecules that promote cell conversion and reprogramming. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1381-1390. [PMID: 33891873 PMCID: PMC8185468 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling cell fate has great potential for regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and basic research. Although transcription factors are able to promote cell reprogramming and transdifferentiation, methods based on their upregulation often show low efficiency. Small molecules that can facilitate conversion between cell types can ameliorate this problem working through safe, rapid, and reversible mechanisms. Here, we present DECCODE, an unbiased computational method for identification of such molecules based on transcriptional data. DECCODE matches a large collection of drug-induced profiles for drug treatments against a large dataset of primary cell transcriptional profiles to identify drugs that either alone or in combination enhance cell reprogramming and cell conversion. Extensive validation in the context of human induced pluripotent stem cells shows that DECCODE is able to prioritize drugs and drug combinations enhancing cell reprogramming. We also provide predictions for cell conversion with single drugs and drug combinations for 145 different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy; Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Trisevgeni Rapakoulia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrizia Annunziata
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy
| | - Akira Hasegawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Melissa Cardon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Sara Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vaccaro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy
| | - Antonella Iuliano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy
| | | | - Takeya Kasukawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Diego di Bernardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy; Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Erik Arner
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528 Japan.
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24
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He X, Zhu Y, Yang L, Wang Z, Wang Z, Feng J, Wen X, Cheng L, Zhu R. MgFe-LDH Nanoparticles: A Promising Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Replacement for Self-Renewal and Pluripotency Maintenance in Cultured Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003535. [PMID: 33977050 PMCID: PMC8097378 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), an indispensable bioactive protein that sustains self-renewal and pluripotency in stem cells, is vital for mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) culture. Extensive research is conducted on reliable alternatives for LIF as its clinical application in stable culture and large-scale expansion of ESCs is limited by its instability and high cost. However, few studies have sought to replace LIF with nanoparticles to provide a xeno-free culture condition. MgAl-LDH (layered double hydroxide) nanoparticles can partially replace LIF in maintaining pluripotency of mESCs; however, the requirement and tolerance for aluminum ions in mice are far lesser than those of iron ions. Hence, MgFe-LDH nanoparticles are selected for this study. MgFe-LDH is superior to MgAl-LDH in maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency of mESCs, in the absence of LIF and mouse embryonic fibroblast. Furthermore, combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis confirms that MgFe-LDH can activate the LIF receptor (LIFR)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT), LIFR/JAK/janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(p-STAT3)/ten-eleven translocation (TET) signaling pathways, while the extra Fe2+ provided by MgFe-LDH would also enhance TET1/2 abundance thus affecting the TET1/2 regulated pluripotency related marker expression and TET1/2 meditated DNA demethylation. These results suggest that MgFe-LDH nanoparticles can thus be used as an affordable and efficient replacement for LIF in mESC cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolie He
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065P. R. China
| | - Zhaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065P. R. China
| | - Zekun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065P. R. China
| | - Jianhao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Life Science EngineeringSchool of EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA23284USA
| | - Liming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065P. R. China
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25
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Zeugolis DI. Bioinspired in vitro microenvironments to control cell fate: focus on macromolecular crowding. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C842-C849. [PMID: 33656930 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00380.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic regenerative medicine and accurate drug discovery cell-based products requires effective, with respect to obtaining sufficient numbers of viable, proliferative, and functional cell populations, cell expansion ex vivo. Unfortunately, traditional cell culture systems fail to recapitulate the multifaceted tissue milieu in vitro, resulting in cell phenotypic drift, loss of functionality, senescence, and apoptosis. Substrate-, environment-, and media-induced approaches are under intense investigation as a means to maintain cell phenotype and function while in culture. In this context, herein, the potential of macromolecular crowding, a biophysical phenomenon with considerable biological consequences, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular, and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Regenerative, Modular, and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Wiater J, Samiec M, Skrzyszowska M, Lipiński D. Trichostatin A-Assisted Epigenomic Modulation Affects the Expression Profiles of Not Only Recombinant Human α1,2-Fucosyltransferase and α-Galactosidase A Enzymes But Also Galα1→3Gal Epitopes in Porcine Bi-Transgenic Adult Cutaneous Fibroblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1386. [PMID: 33573215 PMCID: PMC7866526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore whether trichostatin A-assisted epigenomic modulation (TSA-EM) can affect the expression of not only recombinant human α1,2-fucosyltransferase (rhα1,2-FT) and α-galactosidase A (rhα-Gal A) immune system enzymes but also Galα1→3Gal epitopes in ex vivo proliferating adult cutaneous fibroblast cells (ACFCs) derived from hFUT2×hGLA bi-transgenic pigs that had been produced for the needs of future xenotransplantation efforts. The ACFC lines were treated with 50 nM TSA for 24 h and then the expression profiles of rhα1,2-FT and rhα-Gal A enzymes were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The expression profiles of the Galα1→3Gal epitope were determined by lectin blotting and lectin fluorescence. The ACFCs derived from non-transgenic (nTG) pigs were served as the negative (TSA-) and positive (TSA+) control groups. For both hFUT2×hGLA and nTG samples, the expression levels of α1,2-FT and α-Gal A proteins in TSA+ cells were more than twofold higher in comparison to TSA- cells. Moreover, a much lower expression of the Galα1→3Gal epitopes was shown in TSA- hFUT2×hGLA cells as compared to the TSA- nTG group. Interestingly, the levels of Galα1→3Gal expression in TSA-treated hFUT2×hGLA and nTG ACFCs were significantly higher than those noticed for their TSA-untreated counterparts. Summing up, ex vivo protection of effectively selected bi-transgenic ACFC lines, in which TSA-dependent epigenetic transformation triggered the enhancements in reprogrammability and subsequent expression of hFUT2 and hGLA transgenes and their corresponding transcripts, allows for cryopreservation of nuclear donor cells, nuclear-transferred female gametes, and resultant porcine cloned embryos. The latter can be used as a cryogenically conserved genetic resource of biological materials suitable for generation of bi-transgenic cloned offspring in pigs that is targeted at biomedical research in the field of cell/tissue xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Wiater
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Samiec
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland;
| | - Maria Skrzyszowska
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland;
| | - Daniel Lipiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Street, 60-647 Poznań, Poland;
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27
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Huang YW, Lin CY, Chin YT, Kuo PJ, Wu Y, Weng IT, Chen TY, Wang HH, Huang HM, Hsiung CN, Lee SY. 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-b-D-glucoside triggers the pluripotent-like possibility of dental pulp stem cells by activating the JAK2/STAT3 axis: Preliminary observations. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:599-607. [PMID: 33854708 PMCID: PMC8025197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background/Purpose Although 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-glucoside (THSG) reportedly has anti-inflammatory properties, its role in inducing the dedifferentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) into pluripotent-like stem cells remains to be determined. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of THSG on the pluripotent-like possibility and mechanism of DPSC. Materials and methods DPSCs were treated with THSG, and cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTS) assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of pluripotency-associated genes and oncogenes and to detect telomerase activity in the cells. Embryoid body formation assay was conducted, and pluripotency-related proteins were identified using Western blotting. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results Cell viability, telomerase activity, and embryoid body formation were enhanced in THSG-treated DPSCs. The mRNA expression levels of pluripotent-like genes (including Nanog homeobox [NANOG], SRY-box 2 [SOX2], and POU class 5 homeobox 1 [POU5F1/OCT4]) significantly increased after THSG treatment. The expression levels of pluripotency-related genes (Janus kinase-signal transducer 2 [JAK2] and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [STAT3]) increased, whereas those of oncogenes (Ras, SRC, HER2, and C-sis) decreased. Furthermore, the expression levels of the phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 proteins significantly increased after THSG treatment. Conclusion THSG treatment may enhance the pluripotent-like possibility of DPSC through the JAK2/STAT3 axis. Hence, it may be used as an alternative cell-based therapeutic strategy in regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wen Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jan Kuo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Tsen Weng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Hsiung
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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