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Muraro EN, Sbardelotto BM, Guareschi ZM, de Almeida W, Souza Dos Santos A, Grassiolli S, Centenaro LA. Vitamin D supplementation combined with aerobic physical exercise restores the cell density in hypothalamic nuclei of rats exposed to monosodium glutamate. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:20-27. [PMID: 36513455 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In view of the increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence, this study proposed the early and combined use of treatments to restore brain areas related to satiety. The vitamin D supplementation, aerobic exercise and the combination of these interventions on the structure of arcuate (ARC) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of hypothalamus were investigated in monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated rats. METHODS Wistar rats were separated into five groups: Control group (CT); Obese group injected with MSG (OB); Obese group supplemented with vitamin D (OBvd); Obese group submitted to forced swimming training (OBexe) and Obese group treated with vitamin D supplementation and forced swimming training (OBvd + exe). RESULTS In the OB group, the visceral fat weight was significantly higher, there was a reduction in the number of glial cells in the ARC nucleus and also in the number of neurons in the ARC and VMH nuclei. Aerobic exercise was able to reduce the visceral fat weight in the OBexe group. The combination of treatments used in the OBvd + exe group reversed the loss of neurons and glial cells produced by MSG in the ARC nucleus. All treated groups exhibited a higher number of neurons in VMH nucleus, but an increase in the glial cells were observed only in the OBexe and OBvd + exe groups. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of obesity treatment can be favored through the early and combined use of vitamin D supplementation and aerobic exercise, since these therapies are able to restore brain nuclei involved in the control of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Natan Muraro
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Marques Sbardelotto
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Zoé Maria Guareschi
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabólica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Wellington de Almeida
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Souza Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabólica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Lígia Aline Centenaro
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
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Kapralou AN, Chrousos GP. Metabolic effects of truncal vagotomy when combined with bariatric-metabolic surgery. Metabolism 2022; 135:155263. [PMID: 35835160 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric-metabolic surgery (BMS) in patients with obesity frequently leads to remission of concurrent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), even before body weight loss takes place. This is probably based on the correction of a dysmetabolic cycle in the gastrointestinal physiology of T2DM that includes increased vagus-dependent exocrine pancreatic secretion (EPS) and, hence, amplified digestion and nutrient absorption. The resultant chronic exposure of tissues to high plasma levels of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids causes tissue resistance to the actions of insulin and, at a later stage, β-cell dysfunction and reduction of insulin release. We hypothesize that the addition of a surgical truncal vagotomy (TV) may improve and solidify the beneficial results of BMS on T2DM by stably decreasing EPS, - hence reducing the digestion and absorption of nutrients -, and increasing incretin secretion as a result of increased delivery of unabsorbed nutrients to the distal intestine. This hypothesis is supported by surgical data from gastrointestinal malignancies and peptic ulcer operations that include TV, as well as by vagal blockade studies. We suggest that TV may result in a stable reduction of EPS, and that its combination with the appropriate type of BΜS, may enhance and sustain the salutary effects of the latter on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Almeida DL, Moreira VM, Cardoso LE, Junior MDF, Pavanelo A, Ribeiro TA, da Silva Franco CC, Tófolo LP, Peres MNC, Ribeiro MVG, Ferreira ARO, Gomes RM, Miranda RA, Trevenzoli IH, Armitage JA, Palma-Rigo K, de Freitas Mathias PC. Lean in one way, in obesity another: effects of moderate exercise in brown adipose tissue of early overfed male Wistar rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:137-143. [PMID: 34552207 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early postnatal overfeeding (PO) induces long-term overweight and reduces brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Exercise has been suggested as a possible intervention to increase BAT function. In this study, we investigated chronical effects of moderate-intensity exercise in BAT function in postnatal overfed male Wistar rats METHODS: Litters' delivery was on postnatal-day 0 - PN0. At PN2, litters were adjusted to nine (normal litter - NL) or three pups (small litter - SL) per dam. Animals were weaned on PN21 and in PN30 randomly divided into sedentary (NL-Sed and SL-Sed) or exercised (NL-Exe and SL-Exe), N of 14 litters per group. Exercise protocol started (PN30) with an effort test; training sessions were performed three times weekly at 60% of the VO2max achieved in effort test, until PN80. On PN81, a temperature transponder was implanted beneath the interscapular BAT, whose temperature was assessed in periods of lights-on and -off from PN87 to PN90. Sympathetic nerve activation of BAT was registered at PN90. Animals were euthanized at PN91 and tissues collected RESULTS: PO impaired BAT thermogenesis in lights-on (pPO < 0.0001) and -off (pPO < 0.01). Exercise increased BAT temperature in lights-on (pExe < 0.0001). In NL-Exe, increased BAT activity was associated with higher sympathetic activity (pExe < 0.05), β3-AR (pExe < 0.001), and UCP1 (pExe < 0.001) content. In SL-Exe, increasing BAT thermogenesis is driven by a combination of tissue morphology remodeling (pExe < 0.0001) with greater effect in increasing UCP1 (pExe < 0.001) and increased β3-AR (pExe < 0.001) content. CONCLUSION Moderate exercise chronically increased BAT thermogenesis in both, NL and SL groups. In NL-Exe by increasing Sympathetic activity, and in SL-Exe by a combination of increased β3-AR and UCP1 content with morphologic remodeling of BAT. Chronically increasing BAT thermogenesis in obese subjects may lead to higher overall energy expenditure, favoring the reduction of obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, State University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Cardoso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | | | - Audrei Pavanelo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Laize Perón Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Natália Chimirri Peres
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vanusa Guedes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Anna Rebeka Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of Goiás, Av Esperança, Goiânia/GO, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 550 Av, Pedro Calmon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 550 Av, Pedro Calmon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James Andrew Armitage
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Optometry, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
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Siqueira BS, Ceglarek VM, Gomes ECZ, Vettorazzi JF, Rentz T, Nenevê JZ, Volinski KZ, Moraes SS, Malta A, de Freitas Mathias PC, de Oliveira Emilio HR, Balbo SL, Grassiolli S. Vagotomy and Splenectomy Reduce Insulin Secretion and Interleukin-1β. Pancreas 2021; 50:607-616. [PMID: 33939676 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vagotomy, when associated with splenectomy, on adiposity and glucose homeostasis in Wistar rats. METHODS Rats were divided into 4 groups: vagotomized (VAG), splenectomized (SPL), VAG + SPL, and SHAM. Glucose tolerance tests were performed, and physical and biochemical parameters evaluated. Glucose-induced insulin secretion and protein expression (Glut2/glucokinase) were measured in isolated pancreatic islets. Pancreases were submitted to histological and immunohistochemical analyses, and vagus nerve neural activity was recorded. RESULTS The vagotomized group presented with reduced body weight, growth, and adiposity; high food intake; reduced plasma glucose and triglyceride levels; and insulin resistance. The association of SPL with the VAG surgery attenuated, or abolished, the effects of VAG and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion and interleukin-1β area in β cells, in addition to lowering vagal activity. CONCLUSIONS The absence of the spleen attenuated or blocked the effects of VAG on adiposity, triglycerides and glucose homeostasis, suggesting a synergistic effect of both on metabolism. The vagus nerve and spleen modulate the presence of interleukin-1β in β cells, possibly because of the reduction of glucose-induced insulin secretion, indicating a bidirectional flow between autonomous neural firing and the spleen, with repercussions for the endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Schumaker Siqueira
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Vanessa Marieli Ceglarek
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | | | | | - Thiago Rentz
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - Juliane Zanon Nenevê
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Karoline Zanella Volinski
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Sandra Schmidt Moraes
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá
| | | | - Sandra Lucinei Balbo
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- From the Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE)
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5
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Ceglarek VM, Guareschi ZM, Moreira-Soares G, Ecker-Passarello RC, Balbo SL, Bonfleur ML, Grassiolli S. DUODENAL-JEJUNAL BYPASS REDUCES LIPID ACCUMULATION IN THE BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE OF HYPOTHALAMIC OBESE RATS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 33:e1497. [PMID: 32667527 PMCID: PMC7357552 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020190001e1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery (DJB) on the proliferation of nuclei and the area of adipocytes in the brown adipose tissue of obese rats. Thermogenic activity in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of obese individuals is reduced, and this condition may be modified by bariatric surgery (BS). AIM To characterize fat deposition in BAT from hypothalamic obese (HyO) rats submitted to duodenal-jejunal-bypass (DJB) surgery. METHODS For induction of hypothalamic obesity, newborn male Wistar rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG). The control (CTL) group received saline solution. At 90 days, the HyO rats were submitted to DJB or sham operation, generating the HyO-DJB and HyO-SHAM groups. At 270 days, the rats were euthanized, and the BAT was weighed and submitted to histological analysis. RESULTS Compared to BAT from CTL animals, the BAT from HyO-SHAM rats displayed increased weight, hypertrophy with greater lipid accumulation and a reduction in nucleus number. DJB effectively increased nucleus number and normalized lipid deposition in the BAT of HyO-SHAM rats, similar to that observed in CTL animals. CONCLUSION DJB surgery avoided excessive lipid deposition in the BAT of hypothalamic obese rats, suggesting that this procedure could reactivate thermogenesis in BAT, and contribute to increase energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Marieli Ceglarek
- Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Zoé Maria Guareschi
- Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Moreira-Soares
- Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cristiane Ecker-Passarello
- Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lucinei Balbo
- Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Bonfleur
- Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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Borck PC, Leite NDC, Valcanaia AC, Rickli S, Alípio JCDL, Machado M, Vellosa JC, Mathias PCDF, Boschero AC, Grassiolli S. Swimming training reduces glucose‐amplifying pathway and cholinergic responses in islets from lean‐ and MSG‐obese rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:286-293. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C. Borck
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas/UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
| | - Nayara de C. Leite
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas/UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
| | - Ana C. Valcanaia
- Biologica Science and Health Center University of West Parana (UNIOESTE) Cascavel Brazil
| | - Sarah Rickli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas/UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Michael Machado
- Department of Nursing University of Ponta Grossa/UEPG Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Jose C. Vellosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ponta Grossa/UEPG Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Paulo C. de F. Mathias
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology University of Maringá/UEM Maringa Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas/UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
- Biologica Science and Health Center University of West Parana (UNIOESTE) Cascavel Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Biologica Science and Health Center University of West Parana (UNIOESTE) Cascavel Brazil
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7
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Moreira VM, Almeida D, da Silva Franco CC, Gomes RM, Palma-Rigo K, Prates KV, Tófolo LP, Malta A, Francisco FA, Pavanello A, Previate C, da Silva Silveira S, Ribeiro TA, Martins IP, de Moraes AMP, Matiusso CCI, Saavedra LPJ, de Barros Machado KG, Fabbri Corá T, Gongora A, Cardozo LE, da Silva PHO, Venci R, Vieira E, de Oliveira JC, Miranda RA, de Souza HM, Miksza D, da Costa Lima LD, de Castro-Prado MAA, Rinaldi W, de Freitas Mathias PC. Moderate exercise training since adolescence reduces Walker 256 tumour growth in adult rats. J Physiol 2019; 597:3905-3925. [PMID: 31210356 DOI: 10.1113/jp277645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cancer growth, cell proliferation and cachexia index can be attenuated by the beneficial programming effect of moderate exercise training, especially if it begins in adolescence. Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats who started exercise training during adolescence did not revert the basal low glycaemia and insulinaemia observed before tumour cell inoculation. The moderate exercise training improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity only in rats exercised early in adolescence. The chronic effects of our exercise protocol are be beneficial to prevent cancer cachexia and hold clear potential as a nonpharmacological therapy of insulin sensitization. ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that moderate exercise training, performed early, starting during adolescence or later in life during adulthood, can inhibit tumour cell growth as a result of changes in biometric and metabolic markers. Male rats that were 30 and 70 days old performed a treadmill running protocol over 8 weeks for 3 days week-1 , 44 min day-1 and at 55-65% V ̇ O 2 max . After the end of training, a batch of rats was inoculated with Walker 256 carcinoma cells. At 15 days after carcinoma cell inoculation, the tumour was weighed and certain metabolic parameters were evaluated. The data demonstrated that physical performance was better in rats that started exercise training during adolescence according to the final workload and V ̇ O 2 max . Early or later moderate exercise training decreased the cachexia index, cell proliferation and tumour growth; however, the effects were more pronounced in rats that exercised during adolescence. Low glycaemia, insulinaemia and tissue insulin sensitivity was not reverted in Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats who trained during adolescence. Cancer growth can be attenuated by the beneficial programming effect of moderate exercise training, especially if it begins during adolescence. In addition, improvement in glucose-insulin homeostasis might be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Douglas Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Carina Previate
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra da Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Praxedes de Moraes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Katia Gama de Barros Machado
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Thauany Fabbri Corá
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriane Gongora
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Cardozo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Olivieri da Silva
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Renan Venci
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Post-Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Águas Claras, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysis Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Miksza
- Department of Physiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Delmar da Costa Lima
- Superior School of Physical Education and Physical Therapy of Goiás State, State University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marialba Avezum Alves de Castro-Prado
- Laboratory of Microorganisms Genetics and Mutagenesis, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Wilson Rinaldi
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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8
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Nakadate K, Hirakawa T, Tanaka-Nakadate S. Small intestine barrier function failure induces systemic inflammation in monosodium glutamate-induced chronically obese mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:587-594. [PMID: 30345803 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obesity has increased worldwide, in conjunction with type 2 diabetes. Chronic obesity causes systemic inflammation that may result in functional deterioration of the gastrointestinal barrier. However, gastrointestinal conditions associated with chronic obesity have not been comprehensively investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate morphological changes in small intestine barrier structures during chronic obesity. A mouse model of chronic obesity induced by monosodium glutamate treatment was established. At postnatal week 15, pathological changes including in small intestinal epithelial cells were analyzed in chronically obese mice compared with controls. Numerous gaps were identified between small intestinal epithelial cells in chronically obese mice, and levels of both desmosomal and tight junction proteins were significantly lower in their small intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, in chronically obese mice, a significant increase in the number of intestinal inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages, was observed; in addition, blood samples from the mouse model show an increase in markers of inflammation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1-beta. These findings suggest that functional deterioration of adhesion structures between small intestinal epithelial cells causes gastrointestinal barrier function failure, leading to a rise in intestinal permeability to blood vessels and consequent systemic inflammation, characterized by macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakadate
- a Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirakawa
- a Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Sawako Tanaka-Nakadate
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880, Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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Prates KV, de Oliveira JC, Malta A, Matiusso CCI, Miranda RA, Ribeiro TA, Francisco FA, Franco CCS, Moreira VM, Alves VS, Torrezan R, Mathias PCF, Barella LF. Sympathetic innervation is essential for metabolic homeostasis and pancreatic beta cell function in adult rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:119-126. [PMID: 28962894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an imbalance in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), specifically in the organs involved in energy metabolism. The pancreatic islets are richly innervated by the ANS, which tunes the insulin release due to changes in energy demand. Therefore, changes in the sympathetic input that reach the pancreas can lead to metabolic dysfunctions. To evaluate the role of the sympathetic ends that innervate the pancreas, 60-day-old male Wistar rats were subjected to sympathectomy (SYM) or were sham-operated (SO). At 120 day-old SYM rats exhibited an increase in body weight, fat pads and metabolic dysfunctions. Decreases in the HOMA-IR and reductions in insulin release were observed both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the SYM rats exhibited altered pancreatic islet function in both muscarinic and adrenergic assays and exhibited high protein expression of the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor (α2AR). Because α2AR has been linked to type 2 diabetes, these findings demonstrate the clinical implications of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly V Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Júlio C de Oliveira
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila C I Matiusso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosiane A Miranda
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Claudinéia C S Franco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Veridiana M Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vander S Alves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosana Torrezan
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo C F Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Silva P, Ribeiro TA, Tófolo LP, Prates KV, Francisco FA, Silveira SDS, Malta A, Lopes DA, Miranda RA, Palma-Rigo K, Torrezan R, Mathias PCDF. Treatment with soy isoflavones during early adulthood improves metabolism in early postnatally overfed rats. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 21:25-32. [PMID: 27462961 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1213007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidences of obesity and related diseases have reached epidemic proportions, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Soy isoflavones have been identified as an important dietary factor for preventing and treating metabolic dysfunction. This study examined the effects of high doses of isoflavone on glucose and fat metabolism in a model of programmed obesity and evaluated its effects on the autonomic nervous system. METHODS Litters of Wistar rats were standardized at nine pups per dam in normal litters (NL) or reduced to three pups per dam at the third day of life (P3) in small litters (SL) to induce postnatal overfeeding. Gavage with a soy bean isoflavone mixture (1 g/day) diluted in water was started at P60 and continued for 30 days. The control animals received vehicle gavage. At P90, biometric and metabolic parameters as well as direct autonomic nerve activity were measured. RESULTS Increases in glycaemia and insulinaemia observed in SL rats were reduced by isoflavone treatment, which also caused lower glucose-induced insulin secretion by pancreatic islets. Sympathetic activity in the major splanchnic nerve was increased, while vagus nerve activity was reduced by isoflavone treatment. The dyslipidaemia induced by overfeeding in SL rats was restored by isoflavone treatment. CONCLUSION The present study shows that treatment with isoflavone reduces adiposity and improves glucose and lipid metabolism. Collectively, these effects may depend on autonomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamelli Silva
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Sandra da Silva Silveira
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Denise Alves Lopes
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Rosana Torrezan
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
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Maternal low intensity physical exercise prevents obesity in offspring rats exposed to early overnutrition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7634. [PMID: 28794439 PMCID: PMC5550501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low intensity exercise during pregnancy and lactation may create a protective effect against the development of obesity in offspring exposed to overnutrition in early life. To test these hypotheses, pregnant rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Sedentary and Exercised, low intensity, on a rodent treadmill at 30% VO2Max /30-minute/session/3x/week throughout pregnancy and the lactation. Male offspring were raised in small litters (SL, 3 pups/dam) and normal litters (NL, 9 pups/dam) as models of early overnutrition and normal feed, respectively. Exercised mothers showed low mesenteric fat pad stores and fasting glucose and improved glucose-insulin tolerance, VO2max during lactation and sympathetic activity. Moreover, the breast milk contained elevated levels of insulin. In addition, SL of sedentary mothers presented metabolic dysfunction and glucose and insulin intolerance and were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic in adulthood. SL of exercised mothers showed lower fat tissue accretion and improvements in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulinemia and glycemia. The results suggest that maternal exercise during the perinatal period can have a possible reprogramming effect to prevent metabolic dysfunction in adult rat offspring exposed to early overnutrition, which may be associated with the improvement in maternal health caused by exercise.
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12
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Franco CCS, Prates KV, Previate C, Moraes AMP, Matiusso CCI, Miranda RA, de Oliveira JC, Tófolo LP, Martins IP, Barella LF, Ribeiro TA, Malta A, Pavanello A, Francisco FA, Gomes RM, Alves VS, Moreira VM, Rigo KP, Almeida DL, de Sant Anna JR, Prado MAAC, Mathias PCF. Glibenclamide treatment blocks metabolic dysfunctions and improves vagal activity in monosodium glutamate-obese male rats. Endocrine 2017; 56:346-356. [PMID: 28233096 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Autonomic nervous system imbalance is associated with metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Glibenclamide is an antidiabetic drug that acts by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Since there is scarce data concerning autonomic nervous system activity and diabetes, the aim of this work was to test whether glibenclamide can improve autonomic nervous system activity and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function in pre-diabetic obese male rats. METHODS Pre-diabetes was induced by treatment with monosodium L-glutamate in neonatal rats. The monosodium L-glutamate group was treated with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg body weight /day) from weaning to 100 days of age, and the control group was treated with water. Body weight, food intake, Lee index, fasting glucose, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, omeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, and fat tissue accumulation were measured. The vagus and sympathetic nerve electrical activity were recorded. Insulin secretion was measured in isolated islets challenged with glucose, acetylcholine, and the selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists by radioimmunoassay technique. RESULTS Glibenclamide treatment prevented the onset of obesity and diminished the retroperitoneal (18%) and epididymal (25%) fat pad tissues. In addition, the glibenclamide treatment also reduced the parasympathetic activity by 28% and glycemia by 20% in monosodium L-glutamate-treated rats. The insulinotropic effect and unaltered cholinergic actions in islets from monosodium L-glutamate groups were increased. CONCLUSION Early glibenclamide treatment prevents monosodium L-glutamate-induced obesity onset by balancing autonomic nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudinéia C S Franco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Kelly V Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Carina Previate
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana M P Moraes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila C I Matiusso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosiane A Miranda
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlio C de Oliveira
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Laize P Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela P Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia/GO, Brazil
| | - Vander S Alves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Veridiana M Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Késia P Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Douglas L Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliane R de Sant Anna
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis & Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Marialba A A C Prado
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis & Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo C F Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Conceição EPS, Moura EG, Oliveira E, Guarda DS, Figueiredo MS, Quitete FT, Calvino C, Miranda RA, Mathias PCF, Manhães AC, Lisboa PC. Dietary calcium supplementation in adult rats reverts brown adipose tissue dysfunction programmed by postnatal early overfeeding. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 39:117-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Gomes JR, Freitas JR, Grassiolli S. Effects of Physical Exercise on the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats Submitted to a Hypothalamic Obesity Condition. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1389-96. [PMID: 27488821 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine plays a role in obesity as well as in satiation. However, the effect of physical exercise on the morphology and function of the small intestine during obesity has not been reported to date. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on morphological aspects of the rat small intestine during hypothalamic monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity. The rats were divided into four groups: Sedentary (S), Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), Exercised (E), and Exercised Monosodium Glutamate (EMSG). The MSG and EMSG groups received a daily injection of monosodium glutamate (4 g/kg) during the 5 first days after birth. The S and E groups were considered as control groups and received injections of saline. At weaning, at 21 days after birth, the EMSG and E groups were submitted to swimming practice 3 times a week until the 90th day, when all groups were sacrificed and the parameters studied recorded. Exercise significantly reduced fat deposits and the Lee Index in MSG-treated animals, and also reduced the thickness of the intestinal wall, the number of goblet cells and intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. However, physical activity alone increased the thickness and height of villi, and the depth of the crypts. In conclusion, regular physical exercise may alter the morphology or/and functions of the small intestine, reducing the prejudicial effects of hypothalamic obesity. Anat Rec, 299:1389-1396, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural Molecular e Genetica, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, CEP 84030-900, Brazil.
| | - J R Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural Molecular e Genetica, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, CEP 84030-900, Brazil
| | - S Grassiolli
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná -Campus de Cascavel, Rua Universitária, 2069, Bairro: Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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15
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Conceição EPS, Moura EG, Carvalho JC, Oliveira E, Lisboa PC. Early redox imbalance is associated with liver dysfunction at weaning in overfed rats. J Physiol 2016; 593:4799-811. [PMID: 26332355 DOI: 10.1113/jp271189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal overfeeding induced by litter size reduction leads to further obesity and other metabolic disorders, such as liver oxidative stress and microsteatosis at adulthood. We hypothesized that overfeeding causes an early redox imbalance at weaning, which could programme the animals to future liver dysfunction. Thus, we studied lipogenesis, adipogenesis, catecholamine status and oxidative balance in weaned overfed pups. To induce early overfeeding, litters were adjusted to three pups at the 3rd day of lactation (SL group). The control group contained 10 pups per litter until weaning (NL group). Peripheral autonomic nerve function was determined in vivo at 21 days old. Thereafter, pups were killed for further analysis. Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. The SL pups presented with a higher visceral adipocyte area, higher content of lipogenic enzymes (ACC, FAS) and with a lower content of adipogenic factors (CEBP, PPARγ) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Although autonomic nerve activity and adrenal catecholamine production were not significantly altered, catecholamine receptor (β3ADR) content was lower in VAT. The SL pups also presented with higher triglyceride, PPARγ, PPARα and PGC1α contents in liver. In plasma and liver, the SL pups showed an oxidative imbalance, with higher lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. The SL group presented with a higher serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The early increase in lipogenesis in adipose tissue and liver in weaned overfed rats suggests that the higher oxidative stress and lower catecholamine content in VAT are associated with the early development of liver dysfunction and adipocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P S Conceição
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E G Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J C Carvalho
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Balbo SL, Ribeiro RA, Mendes MC, Lubaczeuski C, Maller ACPA, Carneiro EM, Bonfleur ML. Vagotomy diminishes obesity in cafeteria rats by decreasing cholinergic potentiation of insulin release. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:625-633. [PMID: 27351887 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated whether subdiaphragmatic vagotomy has benefits on obesity, body glucose homeostasis, and insulin secretion in cafeteria (CAF)-obese rats. Wistar rats were fed a standard or CAF diet for 12 weeks. Subsequently, CAF rats were randomly submitted to truncal vagotomy (CAF Vag) or sham operation (CAF Sham). CAF Sham rats were hyperphagic, obese, and presented metabolic disturbances, including hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Twelve weeks after vagotomy, CAF Vag rats presented reductions in body weight and perigonadal fat stores. Vagotomy did not modify glucose tolerance but normalized fed glycemia, insulinemia, and insulin sensitivity. Isolated islets from CAF Sham rats secreted more insulin in response to the cholinergic agent, carbachol, and when intracellular cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) is enhanced by forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Vagotomy decreased glucose-induced insulin release due to a reduction in the cholinergic action on β-cells. This effect also normalized islet secretion in response to cAMP. Therefore, vagotomy in rats fed on a CAF-style diet effectively decreases adiposity and restores insulin sensitivity. These effects were mainly associated with the lack of cholinergic action on the endocrine pancreas, which decreases insulinemia and may gradually reduce fat storage and improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lucinei Balbo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, 858119-110, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Carla Mendes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, 858119-110, Brazil
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, 858119-110, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Paiva Alegre Maller
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, 858119-110, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Laboratório de Pâncreas Endócrino e Metabolismo, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Bonfleur
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, 858119-110, Brazil.
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Taurine supplementation regulates pancreatic islet function in response to potentiating agents in leptin-deficient obese mice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:371-85. [PMID: 25833510 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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18
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Lubaczeuski C, Balbo SL, Ribeiro RA, Vettorazzi JF, Santos-Silva JC, Carneiro EM, Bonfleur ML. Vagotomy ameliorates islet morphofunction and body metabolic homeostasis in MSG-obese rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:447-57. [PMID: 25714886 PMCID: PMC4445669 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The parasympathetic nervous system is important for β-cell secretion and mass
regulation. Here, we characterized involvement of the vagus nerve in pancreatic
β-cell morphofunctional regulation and body nutrient homeostasis in 90-day-old
monosodium glutamate (MSG)-obese rats. Male newborn Wistar rats received MSG (4 g/kg
body weight) or saline [control (CTL) group] during the first 5 days of life. At 30
days of age, both groups of rats were submitted to sham-surgery (CTL and MSG groups)
or subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Cvag and Mvag groups). The 90-day-old MSG rats
presented obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia.
Their pancreatic islets hypersecreted insulin in response to glucose but did not
increase insulin release upon carbachol (Cch) stimulus, despite a higher
intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Furthermore, while the pancreas weight
was 34% lower in MSG rats, no alteration in islet and β-cell mass was observed.
However, in the MSG pancreas, increases of 51% and 55% were observed in the total
islet and β-cell area/pancreas section, respectively. Also, the β-cell number per
β-cell area was 19% higher in MSG rat pancreas than in CTL pancreas. Vagotomy
prevented obesity, reducing 25% of body fat stores and ameliorated glucose
homeostasis in Mvag rats. Mvag islets demonstrated partially reduced insulin
secretion in response to 11.1 mM glucose and presented normalization of Cch-induced
Ca2+ mobilization and insulin release. All morphometric parameters were
similar among Mvag and CTL rat pancreases. Therefore, the higher insulin release in
MSG rats was associated with greater β-cell/islet numbers and not due to hypertrophy.
Vagotomy improved whole body nutrient homeostasis and endocrine pancreatic
morphofunction in Mvag rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lubaczeuski
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - S L Balbo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - R A Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
| | - J F Vettorazzi
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Santos-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - E M Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - M L Bonfleur
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
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de Fátima Leão V, Raimundo JM, Ferreira LLDM, Santos-Silva JC, Vettorazzi JF, Bonfleur ML, Carneiro EM, Ribeiro RA. Effects of Paternal Hypothalamic Obesity and Taurine Supplementation on Adiposity and Vascular Reactivity in Rat Offspring. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:749-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Li G, Liu JY, Zhang HX, Li Q, Zhang SW. Exercise training attenuates sympathetic activation and oxidative stress in diet-induced obesity. Physiol Res 2014; 64:355-67. [PMID: 25536322 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that excessive sympathetic activity and oxidative stress are enhanced in obesity. This study aimed to clarify whether exercise training (ET) attenuates sympathetic activation and oxidative stress in obesity. The obesity was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: regular diet (RD) plus sedentary (RD-S), RD plus ET (RD-ET), HFD plus sedentary (HFD-S), and HFD plus ET (HFD-ET). The rats in RD-ET and HFD-ET groups were trained on a motorized treadmill for 60 min/day, five days/week for 8 weeks. The sympathetic activity was evaluated by the plasma norepinephrine (NE) level. The superoxide anion, malondialdehyde and F2-isoprostanes levels in serum and muscles were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. The ET prevented the increases in the body weight, arterial pressure and white adipose tissue mass in HFD rats. The NE level in plasma and oxidative stress related parameters got lower in HFD-ET group compared with HFD-S group. We have found decreased mRNA and protein levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 by ET in HFD rats. These findings suggest that ET may be effective for attenuating sympathetic activation and oxidative stress in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- Physical Education College, Northeast Normal University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
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Tófolo LP, da Silva Ribeiro TA, Malta A, Miranda RA, Gomes RM, de Oliveira JC, Abdennebi-Najar L, de Almeida DL, Trombini AB, da Silva Franco CC, Pavanello A, Fabricio GS, Rinaldi W, Barella LF, de Freitas Mathias PC, Palma-Rigo K. Short-term moderate exercise provides long-lasting protective effects against metabolic dysfunction in rats fed a high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:1353-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Barella LF, Miranda RA, Franco CCS, Alves VS, Malta A, Ribeiro TAS, Gravena C, Mathias PCF, de Oliveira JC. Vagus nerve contributes to metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed young and adult rats. Exp Physiol 2014; 100:57-68. [PMID: 25398717 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.082982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Different nerve contributes periods of life are known for their differential sensitivity to interventions, and increased parasympathetic activity affects the development and maintenance of obesity. Thus, we evaluated the involvement of the vagus nerve by performing a vagotomy in young or adult rats that were offered an obesogenic high-fat diet. What is the main finding and its importance? Although the accumulation of adipose tissue decreased in both younger and older groups, the younger rats showed a greater response to the effects of vagotomy in general. In addition to the important role of the parasympathetic activity, we suggest that the vagus nerve contributes to the condition of obesity. Obesity has become a global problem, and this condition develops primarily because of an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The high complexity involved in the regulation of energy metabolism results from several factors besides endocrine factors. It has been suggested that obesity could be caused by an imbalance in the autonomous nervous system, which could lead to a condition of high parasympathetic activity in counterpart to low sympathetic tonus. High-fat (HF) diets have been used to induce obesity in experimental animals, and their use in animals leads to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and high parasympathetic activity, among other disorders. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of a vagotomy performed at the initiation of a HF diet at two different stages of life, weaning and adulthood. The vagotomy reduced parasympathetic activity (-32 and -51% in normal fat-fed rats and -43 and -55% in HF diet-fed rats; P < 0.05) and fat depots (-17 and -33%, only in HF diet-fed rats; P < 0.05). High-fat diet-fed rats exhibited fasting hyperinsulinaemia (fivefold higher in young rats and threefold higher in older rats; P < 0.05); however, vagotomy corrected it in younger rats only, and a similar effect was also observed during the glucose tolerance test. The insulin resistance exhibited by the HF diet-fed groups was not altered in the vagotomized rats. We suggest that the vagus nerve, in addition to the important role of parasympathetic activity, contributes to the condition of obesity, and that non-vagal pathways may be involved along with the imbalanced autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Bonfleur ML, Ribeiro RA, Pavanello A, Soster R, Lubaczeuski C, Cezar Faria Araujo A, Boschero AC, Balbo SL. Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Restores Insulin Action and Βeta-Cell Function in Hypothalamic-Obese Rats. Obes Surg 2014; 25:656-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rinaldi W, Gomes RM, Scomparin DX, Grassiolli S, Ribeiro TA, Fabricio GS, Barella LF, Pavanello A, Trombini AB, Mathias PCDF, de Oliveira JC. Low-intensity and moderate exercise training improves autonomic nervous system activity imbalanced by postnatal early overfeeding in rats. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:25. [PMID: 24914402 PMCID: PMC4049453 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postnatal early overfeeding and physical inactivity are serious risk factors for obesity. Physical activity enhances energy expenditure and consumes fat stocks, thereby decreasing body weight (bw). This study aimed to examine whether low-intensity and moderate exercise training in different post-weaning stages of life is capable of modulating the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and inhibiting perinatal overfeeding-induced obesity in rats. Methods The obesity-promoting regimen was begun two days after birth when the litter size was adjusted to 3 pups (small litter, SL) or to 9 pups (normal litter, NL). The rats were organized into exercised groups as follows: from weaning until 90-day-old, from weaning until 50-day-old, or from 60- until 90-days-old. All experimental procedures were performed just one day after the exercise training protocol. Results The SL-no-exercised (SL-N-EXE) group exhibited excess weight and increased fat accumulation. We also observed fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in these rats. In addition, the SL-N-EXE group exhibited an increase in the vagus nerve firing rate, whereas the firing of the greater splanchnic nerve was not altered. Independent of the timing of exercise and the age of the rats, exercise training was able to significantly blocks obesity onset in the SL rats; even SL animals whose exercise training was stopped at the end of puberty, exhibited resistance to obesity progression. Fasting glycemia was maintained normal in all SL rats that underwent the exercise training, independent of the period. These results demonstrate that moderate exercise, regardless of the time of onset, is capable on improve the vagus nerves imbalanced tonus and blocks the onset of early overfeeding-induced obesity. Conclusions Low-intensity and moderate exercise training can promote the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, reduces the large fat pad stores associated to improvement of the ANS activity in adult rats that were obesity-programmed by early overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Rinaldi
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bianchi Trombini
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Malta A, de Oliveira JC, Ribeiro TADS, Tófolo LP, Barella LF, Prates KV, Miranda RA, Elmhiri G, Franco CCDS, Agostinho AR, Trombini AB, Pavanello A, Gravena C, Abdennebi-Najar L, Mathias PCDF. Low-protein diet in adult male rats has long-term effects on metabolism. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:285-95. [PMID: 24599936 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional insults during developmental plasticity have been linked with metabolic diseases such as diabetes in adulthood. We aimed to investigate whether a low-protein (LP) diet at the beginning of adulthood is able to program metabolic disruptions in rats. While control rats ate a normal-protein (23%; NP group) diet, treated rats were fed a LP (4%; LP group) diet from 60 to 90 days of age, after which an NP diet was supplied until they were 150 days old. Plasma levels of glucose and insulin, autonomous nervous system (ANS), and pancreatic islet function were then evaluated. Compared with the NP group, LP rats exhibited unchanged body weight and reduced food intake throughout the period of protein restriction; however, after the switch to the NP diet, hyperphagia of 10% (P<0.05), and catch-up growth of 113% (P<0.0001) were found. The LP rats showed hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and higher fat accretion than the NP rats. While the sympathetic tonus from LP rats reduced by 28%, the vagus tonus increased by 21% (P<0.05). Compared with the islets from NP rats, the glucose insulinotropic effect as well as cholinergic and adrenergic actions was unaltered in the islets from LP rats. Protein restriction at the beginning of adulthood induced unbalanced ANS activity and fat tissue accretion later in life, even without functional disturbances in the pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Block H67, Room 19, State University of Maringá, Colombo Avenue 5970, 87020-900 Maringá, Parana, Brazil UPSP-EGEAL Institut Polytechnique LaSalle de Beauvais, Beauvais Cedex, France
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Svidnicki PV, de Carvalho Leite N, Venturelli AC, Camargo RL, Vicari MR, de Almeida MC, Artoni RF, Nogaroto V, Grassiolli S. Swim training restores glucagon-like peptide-1 insulinotropic action in pancreatic islets from monosodium glutamate-obese rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 209:34-44. [PMID: 23746147 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important modulator of insulin secretion by endocrine pancreas. In the present study, we investigated the effect of swim training on GLP-1 insulinotropic action in pancreatic islets from monosodium glutamate (MSG)-obese rats. METHODS Obesity was induced by neonatal MSG administration. MSG-obese and control (CON) exercised rats swam for 30 min (3 times week(-1) ) for 10 weeks. Pancreatic islets were isolated by colagenase technique and incubated with low (5.6 mM) or high (16.7 mM) glucose concentrations in the presence or absence of GLP-1 (10 nM). In addition, GLP-1 gene expression in ileum was quantified in fasting and glucose conditions. RESULTS Exercise reduced obesity and hyperinsulinemia in MSG-obese rats. Swim training also inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in islets from both groups. Islets from MSG-obese rats maintained GLP-1 insulinotropic response in low glucose concentration. In contrast, in the presence of high glucose concentration, GLP-1 insulinotropic action was absent in islets from MSG-obese rats. Islets from MSG-exercised rats showed reduced GLP-1 insulinotropic action in the presence of low glucose. However, in high glucose concentration swim training restored GLP-1 insulinotropic response in islets from MSG-obese rats. In all groups, glucose intake increased GLP-1 immunoreactivity and gene expression in ileum cells in relation to fasting conditions. Swim training reduced these parameters only in ileum cells from CON-exercised rats. Neither MSG treatment nor exercise affected GLP-1 expression in the ileum. CONCLUSIONS Exercise avoids insulin hypersecretion restoring GLP-1's insulinotropic action in pancreatic islets from MSG-obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Svidnicki
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - N. de Carvalho Leite
- Department of General Biology; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - A. C. Venturelli
- Department of General Biology; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - R. L. Camargo
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology and Biophysics; University of Campinas; Campinas; SP; Brazil
| | - M. R. Vicari
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - M. C. de Almeida
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - R. F. Artoni
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - V. Nogaroto
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - S. Grassiolli
- Department of General Biology; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
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Miranda RA, Branco RCS, Gravena C, Barella LF, da Silva Franco CC, Andreazzi AE, de Oliveira JC, Picinato MC, de Freitas Mathias PC. Swim training of monosodium L-glutamate-obese mice improves the impaired insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in pancreatic islets. Endocrine 2013; 43:571-8. [PMID: 22983867 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate changes on glucose homoeostasis and of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) signalling in pancreatic islets from MSG-obese mice submitted to or not submitted to swim training. Swim training of 90-day-old MSG mice was used to evaluate whether signalling pathways of the IR and IRS-1 in islets are involved with the insulin resistance and glucose intolerance observed in this obese animal model. The results showed that IR tyrosine phosphorylation (pIR) was reduced by 42 % in MSG-obese mice (MSG, 6.7 ± 0.2 arbitrary units (a.u.); control, 11.5 ± 0.4 a.u.); on the other hand, exercise training increased pIR by 76 % in MSG mice without affecting control mice (MSG, 11.8 ± 0.3; control, 12.8 ± 0.2 a.u.). Although the treatment with MSG increased IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation (pIRS-1) by 96 % (MSG, 17.02 ± 0.6; control, 8.7 ± 0.2 a.u.), exercise training also increased it in both groups (control, 13.6 ± 0.1; MSG, 22.2 ± 1.1 a.u.). Current research shows that the practice of swim training increases the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 which can modulate the effect caused by obesity in insulin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Avenue Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
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Impaired muscarinic type 3 (M3) receptor/PKC and PKA pathways in islets from MSG-obese rats. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4521-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Karlen-Amarante M, da Cunha NV, de Andrade O, de Souza HCD, Martins-Pinge MC. Altered baroreflex and autonomic modulation in monosodium glutamate-induced hyperadipose rats. Metabolism 2012; 61:1435-42. [PMID: 22554831 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the cardiovascular function by tonic and baroreflex alterations in obese rats induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Neonatal male Wistar rats were injected with MSG (4 mg/g body weight) or equimolar saline (control, C). At 90 days, all rats were anesthetized for catheterization of the femoral artery for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) recordings in the conscious state. After baseline, we performed IV treatment with hexamethonium (25 mg/kg), or atropine (1 mg/kg) or propranolol (3 mg/kg). We also performed the spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity. Baseline comparison showed that obese rats are hypertensive compared with control (C=110±2 mmHg; MSG=: 123±3 mmHg, P<0.05). After ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium the differences in MAP between control and obese rats disappeared. Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol induced a greater decrease in heart rate compared with control. The analysis of HRV showed that obese rats have increased modulation by both components of the autonomic nervous system compared with control rats. The baroreflex gain showed increased sensitivity for the parasympathetic component in the obese rats (C=-2.41±0.25; MSG=-3.34±0.23 bpm/mmHg) compared with control. Our data suggest that both components of autonomic cardiac tonus and the parasympathetic component of the baroreflex sensitivity are increased in the MSG obese rat. It is possible that the parasympathetic alterations observed in these MSG obese rats may have originated from central areas of cardiovascular control.
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de Oliveira JC, Grassiolli S, Gravena C, de Mathias PCF. Early postnatal low-protein nutrition, metabolic programming and the autonomic nervous system in adult life. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:80. [PMID: 22967456 PMCID: PMC3463445 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein restriction during lactation has been used as a rat model of metabolic programming to study the impact of perinatal malnutrition on adult metabolism. In contrast to protein restriction during fetal life, protein restriction during lactation did not appear to cause either obesity or the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperinsulinemia, when individuals reached adulthood. However, protein restriction provokes body underweight and hypoinsulinemia. This review is focused on the regulation of insulin secretion and the influence of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in adult rats that were protein-malnourished during lactation. The data available on the topic suggest that the perinatal phase of lactation, when insulted by protein deficit, imprints the adult metabolism and thereby alters the glycemic control. Although hypoinsulinemia programs adult rats to maintain normoglycemia, pancreatic β-cells are less sensitive to secretion stimuli, such as glucose and cholinergic agents. These pancreatic dysfunctions may be attributed to an imbalance of ANS activity recorded in adult rats that experienced maternal protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Block H67, room 19, State University of Maringá/UEM - Colombo Avenue 5970, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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