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Xu W, Lu G, Gong L, Tang W, Liu X, Yang Q, Jiang W, Liu X, Li X. Non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates for the treatment of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38404. [PMID: 38847712 PMCID: PMC11155605 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (non-N-BPs) and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) and vascular calcification (VC) is uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of non-N-BPs and N-BPs in the treatment of AS and VC. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched from their inception to July 5th, 2023. Eligible studies comparing bisphosphonates (BPs) versus no BPs in the treatment of AS and VC were included. The data were analyzed using Review Manager Version 5.3. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Twelve were randomized control trials (RCTs), and 5 were nonrandomized studies. Overall, 813 patients were included in the BPs group, and 821 patients were included in the no BPs group. Compared with no BP treatment, non-N-BP or N-BP treatment did not affect serum calcium (P > .05), phosphorus (P > .05) or parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (P > .05). Regarding the effect on serum lipids, non-N-BPs decreased the serum total cholesterol (TC) level (P < .05) and increased the serum triglyceride (TG) level (P < .01) but did not affect the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (P > .05). N-BPs did not affect serum TC (P > .05), TG (P > .05) or LDL-C levels (P > .05). Regarding the effect on AS, non-N-BPs did not have a beneficial effect (P > .05). N-BPs had a beneficial effect on AS, including reducing the intima-media thickness (IMT) (P < .05) and plaque area (P < .01). For the effect on VC, non-N-BPs had a beneficial effect (P < .01), but N-BPs did not have a beneficial effect (P > .05). CONCLUSION Non-N-BPs and N-BPs did not affect serum calcium, phosphorus or PTH levels. Non-N-BPs decreased serum TC levels and increased serum TG levels. N-BPs did not affect serum lipid levels. Non-N-BPs had a beneficial effect on VC, and N-BPs had a beneficial effect on AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China
| | - Guoyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifeng Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weigang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China
| | - Xianping Li
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China
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Lv F, Cai X, Lin C, Yang W, Hu S, Ji L. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors and the Risk of Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Calcif Tissue Int 2023:10.1007/s00223-023-01085-0. [PMID: 37099141 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia are closely correlated and statins might be associated with a decreased risk of fracture. We aimed to investigate the association between proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) therapy and the risk of fracture. The PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to October 22, 2022. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that addressed to fracture events of participants using alirocumab, evolocumab, bococizumab or inclisiran, with a follow-up of ≥ 24 weeks were included. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for major osteoporotic fracture, hip fracture, osteoporotic non-vertebral fracture, and total fracture. 30 trials assessing PCSK9i among 95, 911 adults were included. There were no significant associations between PCSK9i therapy and the risk of major osteoporotic fracture [OR 1.08 (95% Cl 0.87-1.34), p = 0.49], hip fracture [OR 1.05 (95% Cl 0.73-1.53), p = 0.79], osteoporotic non-vertebral fracture [OR 1.03 (95% Cl 0.80-1.32), p = 0.83], and total fracture [OR 1.03 (95% Cl 0.88-1.19), p = 0.74] over a period of 6-64 months. No significant associations were detected in any of the sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses stratified by the type of PCSK9i, follow-up duration, age, sex, sample size, and patient profile. Pooled results of our meta-analysis showed that exposure to PCSK9i was not associated with reduced risks of fracture in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Chu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wenjia Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Suiyuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Xiong M, Xue Y, Zhu W, Deng A, Tan Z, Zhou G, Xiang N. Comparative efficacy and safety of statins for osteoporosis: a study protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054158. [PMID: 35580965 PMCID: PMC9115030 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent skeletal disease with high mortality and morbidity, followed by acute and chronic back pain, severe spinal deformity and dysfunction. First-line drugs for OP work through antiresorptive or anabolic mechanisms. Although with good efficacy, these drugs still have certain limitations in clinical application due to delivery routes, medication cycles and cost issues. Nowadays, statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) appear to be potentially promising drugs for OP. Despite the controversy, previous studies have shown the efficacy of statins in treating OP. Other studies have further indicated that the therapeutic effect of OP in statin-treated patients is dose dependent. However, scientists have not yet reached a consensus on the use of statins for the treatment or which statin to choose first. This study aims to review the literature, ascertaining the relative efficacy and safety of statins for patients with OP using a Bayesian network meta-analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will systematically search the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database and preprint servers to include randomised controlled trials that compare different statins for treating OP. Primary outcomes are the incidence of overall fractures and bone mineral density changes. Secondary outcomes contain adverse effects and bone turnover markers. All items of this review will comply with the Cochrane Handbook, and the quality of evidence will be evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. A traditional pairwise meta-analysis and the Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed to compare the efficacy of different statins. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required since this is a protocol study for meta-analyses. Results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021242619. SEARCH DATES From database inception to February 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Xiong
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaojun Xue
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ali Deng
- First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangkui Tan
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Preadmission Antihypertensive Drug Use and Sepsis Outcome: Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs). Shock 2021; 53:407-415. [PMID: 31135703 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported improved sepsis outcomes when certain preadmission antihypertensive drugs, namely, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), are used. This study aims to determine whether preadmission antihypertensive drug use, especially angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), is associated with decreased total hospital mortality in sepsis. METHODS This study was conducted using the unique database of a sepsis cohort from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Frequency matching for age and sex between preadmission antihypertensive drug users (study cohort) and nonusers (comparison cohort) was conducted. The primary outcome was total hospital mortality. Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of important variables. Further joint effect analyses were carried out to examine the impacts of different combinations of antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS A total of 33,213 sepsis antihypertensive drug use patients were retrieved as the study cohort, and an equal number of matched sepsis patients who did not use antihypertensive drugs were identified as the comparison cohort. The study cohort had a higher incidence rate of being diagnosed with septic shock compared with the comparison cohort (4.36%-2.31%, P < 0.001) and a higher rate of total hospital mortality (38.42%-24.57%, P < 0.001). In the septic shock condition, preadmission antihypertensive drug use was associated with a decreased adjusted OR (OR = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.80) for total hospital mortality, which was not observed for the nonseptic shock condition. Compared with antihypertensive drug nonusers, both ACEI and ARB users had decreased adjusted ORs for total hospital mortality in sepsis (adjusted OR = 0.93, 95% CI, 0.88-0.98 and adjusted OR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.81-0.90); however, CCB, beta-blocker, and diuretic users did not. In the septic shock condition, ACEI, ARB, CCB, and beta-blocker users all had decreased ORs for total hospital mortality. Joint effect analysis showed ACEI use, except in combination with diuretics, to be associated with a decreased adjusted OR for total hospital mortality in sepsis. Similar results were observed for ARB users. CONCLUSIONS Preadmission ACEI or ARB use is associated with a decreased risk of total hospital mortality, regardless of a nonshock or septic shock condition.
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Ion R, Necula MG, Mazare A, Mitran V, Neacsu P, Schmuki P, Cimpean A. Drug Delivery Systems Based on Titania Nanotubes and Active Agents for Enhanced Osseointegration of Bone Implants. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:854-902. [PMID: 31362646 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190726123229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) are attractive nanostructures for localized drug delivery. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility and physicochemical properties, numerous functionalizations of TNTs have been attempted for their use as therapeutic agent delivery platforms. In this review, we discuss the current advances in the applications of TNT-based delivery systems with an emphasis on the various functionalizations of TNTs for enhancing osteogenesis at the bone-implant interface and for preventing implant-related infection. Innovation of therapies for enhancing osteogenesis still represents a critical challenge in regeneration of bone defects. The overall concept focuses on the use of osteoconductive materials in combination with the use of osteoinductive or osteopromotive factors. In this context, we highlight the strategies for improving the functionality of TNTs, using five classes of bioactive agents: growth factors (GFs), statins, plant derived molecules, inorganic therapeutic ions/nanoparticles (NPs) and antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Georgiana Necula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Mazare
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Materials Science, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valentina Mitran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Patricia Neacsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Materials Science, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Dominic E, Brozek W, Peter RS, Fromm E, Ulmer H, Rapp K, Concin H, Nagel G. Metabolic factors and hip fracture risk in a large Austrian cohort study. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100244. [PMID: 31970265 PMCID: PMC6965713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the association of incident hip fractures with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its single components, we designed a prospective cohort study of hip fracture incidence among 117,053 participants of a population-based health surveillance program in Vorarlberg, the westernmost Austrian province. Incident hip fractures were recorded between 5 and 10 years after inclusion at baseline from 2003 to 2009. Applying Cox proportional hazard models for each MetS component and for a composite z-score for MetS, hazards for fracture were estimated in quintiles, as continuous z-score variables, and as pathological cut off values. Mean age was 50.1 ± 15.6 years at baseline, 5-10 years after which 947 incident hip fractures occurred. An association of a higher composite MetS score with decreased hip fracture risk was observed in women (HR 0.80, 95%-CI 0.88-0.96, p < 0.01) which disappeared upon adjustment for BMI. BMI was inversely associated with hip fracture risk in women and men (HR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile: 0.83 (95%-CI: 0.63-1.10, p trend < 0.05) and 0.55 (95%-CI: 0.38-0.79, p trend < 0.001), respectively). Only in women, hip fracture risk was reduced at high cholesterol levels (HR for the highest relative to the lowest quintile: 0.64, 95%-CI: 0.48-0.84, p trend < 0.05) and in hypercholesterolemic patients (HR 0.82, 95%-CI: 0.67-0.99, p < 0.05), but elevated in hyperglycemic patients (HR 1.33, 95%-CI: 1.05-1.70, p < 0.05). Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with increased male hip fracture risk (HR 1.33, 95%-CI: 1.03-1.72, p < 0.05). The inverse association between the MetS and hip fracture risk is mainly driven by one single component, namely BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlangga Dominic
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstr. 61, 6900 Bregenz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Brozek
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstr. 61, 6900 Bregenz, Austria
| | - Raphael Simon Peter
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ella Fromm
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstr. 61, 6900 Bregenz, Austria.,Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstr. 41/1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kilian Rapp
- Clinic for Geriatric Rehabilitation, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstr. 61, 6900 Bregenz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstr. 61, 6900 Bregenz, Austria.,Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Xie Y, Liu C, Huang H, Huang J, Deng A, Zou P, Tan X. Bone-targeted delivery of simvastatin-loaded PEG-PLGA micelles conjugated with tetracycline for osteoporosis treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1090-1102. [PMID: 30027372 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the improved therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetic profiles of simvastatin (SIM) with imparted bone targeting potential using tetracycline-mediated PEG-PLGA (TC-PEG-PLGA) micelles in osteoporotic rats. The SIM-loaded TC-PEG-PLGA (TC-PEG-PLGA/SIM) micelles were evaluated for particle size, morphology, stability, loading efficiency, cell viability, bone mineral binding ability in vitro, mineralization, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. TC-PEG-PLGA conjugates were successfully and could self-assembly form micelles in aqueous medium with a 19.4 μg/mL critical micelle concentration. Then, TC-PEG-PLGA/SIM micelles were prepared with solvent diffusion method, and the obtained micelles (56.21 ± 7.39 nm average size; 81.8 ± 3.1% encapsulation efficiency; and 7.56 ± 0.27% drug loading) led to the prolonged release of SIM from micelles. Cellular uptake test indicated that TC had no effects on micellar internalization and micellar internalization was mainly involved with clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. In vivo pharmacokinetic results indicated that TC-PEG-PLGA/SIM micelles exhibited a significantly prolonged time in systemic circulation and were preferentially accumulated in bone tissue. TC-PEG-PLGA/SIM micelles showed better therapeutic effects, as reflected by the improved bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone mechanical strength. Overall, these results suggested that TC-PEG-PLGA/SIM micelles provide several advantages, including prolonged systemic circulation, enhanced bone tissue distribution, and improved therapeutic outcomes in osteoporotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 16 Gusaoshu Road, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Aiping Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 16 Gusaoshu Road, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 16 Gusaoshu Road, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Xueying Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China.
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Shahrezaee M, Oryan A, Bastami F, Hosseinpour S, Shahrezaee MH, Kamali A. Comparative impact of systemic delivery of atorvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin on bone mineral density of the ovariectomized rats. Endocrine 2018; 60:138-150. [PMID: 29372484 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In addition to lipid-lowering properties, statins have been suggested to affect bone turnover by increasing the osteoblastic bone formation and blocking the osteoclastogenesis. However, there are many controversial reports regarding the beneficial effect of statins on osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of the most important lipophilic statins administered orally for 60 days to the ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats and compared the effects on different harvested trabecular and compact bones. METHODS Thirty female rats were divided into five equal groups including the normal rats, untreated OVX rats (negative control), and the OVX rats treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/day), simvastatin (25 mg/kg/day), and lovastatin (20 mg/kg/day). The osteoporotic animals were treated daily for 60 days and euthanized at the end of experiments. The effectiveness of these treatments was evaluated by biomechanical testing, histopathologic, histomorphometric, micro-CT scan, real-time PCR, and serum biochemical analysis. Moreover, the hepatotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis related with these treatments were assessed by biochemistry analysis and histopathological evaluation. RESULTS The results and statistical analysis showed that systemic delivery of simvastatin and lovastatin significantly increased serum calcium level, expression of osteogenic genes, bone mineral density (BMD), and biomechanical properties in comparison to the untreated OVX rats, especially in trabecular bones (P < 0.05). The results of different analysis also indicated that there was no statistical difference between the atorvastatin-treated animals and the negative control. Among all treatments, only atorvastatin showed an evident hepatotoxicity and myopathy. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the lovastatin and simvastatin efficiently ameliorated the OVX-induced osteoporosis. Moreover, the simvastatin-treated animals showed more resemblance to the normal group in terms of BMD, expression of osteogenic genes, serum biochemical parameters, histomorphometric findings, and biomechanical performance with no significant side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Shahrezaee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farshid Bastami
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepanta Hosseinpour
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Kamali
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Xie Y, Tan X, Huang J, Huang H, Zou P, Hu J. Atorvastatin-loaded micelles with bone-targeted ligand for the treatment of osteoporosis. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1067-1076. [PMID: 28705021 PMCID: PMC8241047 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1347966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone disorder where the declined bone mass is far more than normal physiological status and usually associated with enhanced fracture risk, reduced bone strength and even deteriorated quality of life. Recent studies showed that statins could exert beneficial effects on bones via promoting osteoblastic activity mediated by increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and also by suppressing osteoclast proliferation. In this study, we developed atorvastatin-loaded tetracycline-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (TC-PEG-PLGA/ATO) micelles for the targeted treatment of osteoporosis. The TC-PEG-PLGA was synthesized under the action of coupling reagents and then ATO was encapsulated through solvent diffusion method with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of 89.32 ± 2.48% and 8.20 ± 0.53%, respectively. The release of ATO from micelles could be maintained for more than 48 h in pH 7.4 PBS. Pharmacokinetic results further demonstrated that TC-PEG-PLGA micelles could effectively shield ATO leakage from micelles and prolong their circulation time. Benefiting from TC specifically binding to hydroxyapatite (HAp), TC-PEG-PLGA/ATO micelles exerted good bone-targeted ability, as demonstrated by in vitro HAp affinity assay and biodistribution. Pharmacodynamic studies showed that TC-PEG-PLGA/ATO micelles could effectively improve bone mineral density and bone mechanical strength in osteoporotic rats. These results suggest that TC-PEG-PLGA/ATO micelles hold significant promise for the targeted treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yangjiang People’s Hospital, Yangjiang, China
| | - Xueying Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yangjiang People’s Hospital, Yangjiang, China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yangjiang People’s Hospital, Yangjiang, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Caffarelli C, Montagnani A, Nuti R, Gonnelli S. Bisphosphonates, atherosclerosis and vascular calcification: update and systematic review of clinical studies. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1819-1828. [PMID: 29133976 PMCID: PMC5669782 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s138002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic and clinical data have suggested the existence of a biologic linkage between the bone system and the vascular system. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are effective inhibitors of bone resorption and are currently considered the drugs of choice for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and related fractures. Data from several publications have suggested that BPs may also be effective in reducing the atherosclerotic process and vascular calcification, but the results of these studies are contrasting. This review aimed to allow a better understanding of the relationships between BPs and atherosclerosis in humans. Materials and methods Electronic databases of Pubmed-Medline, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS from inception to June 30, 2016 were searched. The full texts of the articles potentially eligible were carefully assessed and reviewed. Finally, 20 studies were found to be eligible and were included in the systematic review. All included studies were published between 2000 and 2014. Results In several studies, etidronate limited the progression of aortic and coronary calcification in hemodialysis patients, whereas the nitrogen-containing-BPs given orally did not significantly reduce vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease, kidney trasplant or in those with osteoporosis. Nitrogen-containing-BPs present favorable effects both on vessel wall thickness and on arterial elasticity due to both a reduction in serum lipids and the interaction of BPs with the bone tissue, with the consequent release of bone turnover markers and cytokines into the bloodstream. Conclusion To sum up, the BPs seem to have the potential of influencing atherosclerosis and calcium homeostasis at the level of vascular walls with several possible mechanisms which may differ according to the type, potency, dosage and administration route of BPs. Additional studies are needed to specifically address the mechanism by which BP use could influence cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Caffarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Montagnani
- Division of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Ranuccio Nuti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Gonnelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
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11
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Rea F, Bonassi S, Vitale C, Trifirò G, Cascini S, Roberto G, Chinellato A, Lucenteforte E, Mugelli A, Corrao G. Exposure to statins is associated to fracture risk reduction in elderly people with cardiovascular disease: evidence from the AIFA-I-GrADE observational project. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2017; 26:775-784. [PMID: 28370905 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conflicting findings were observed from clinical trials and observational studies evaluating the association between the use of statins and the risk of fracture. A case-control study nested into a cohort of elderly patients on treatment with statins for cardiovascular secondary prevention was performed on this issue. METHODS The cohort was formed by 13 875 individuals aged ≥65 years from several Italian health units receiving statins after hospital discharge for cardiovascular outcomes. From this cohort, 964 patients who experienced fracture were identified (i.e., cases). Up to five controls were randomly selected for each case from the underlying cohort. Conditional logistic regression was used to model the risk of fracture associated with adherence to statins, which was measured from the proportion of days covered (PDC) by treatment. A set of sensitivity analyses was performed in order to account for sources of systematic uncertainty. RESULTS Compared with patients with low adherence (PDC ≤ 40%), those on intermediate (PDC 41-80%) and high (PDC > 80%) adherence exhibited a risk reduction of 21% (95% confidence interval 6% to 23%) and 25% (7% to 40%). Similar effects were observed among patients younger and older than 80 years, as well as among men, while there was no evidence that adherence to statins affected the risk of fracture among women. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the associations were consistent and robust. CONCLUSIONS Use of statins for secondary cardiovascular prevention is associated with fracture risk reduction in elderly people. Further studies are required to better clarify the statin-fracture association in postmenopausal women. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Rea
- Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Vitale
- Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Trifirò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Cascini
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Roberto
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Agency for Healthcare Services of Tuscany, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Ersilia Lucenteforte
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mugelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrao
- Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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12
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Hallas J, Pottegård A, Wang S, Schneeweiss S, Gagne JJ. Persistent User Bias in Case-Crossover Studies in Pharmacoepidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:761-769. [PMID: 27780801 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the effect of chronic medication exposure by means of a case-crossover design may result in an upward-biased odds ratio. In this study, our aim was to assess the occurrence of this bias and to evaluate whether it is remedied by including a control group (the case-time-control design). Using Danish data resources from 1995-2012, we conducted case-crossover and case-time-control analyses for 3 medications (statins, insulin, and thyroxine) in relation to 3 outcomes (retinal detachment, wrist fracture, and ischemic stroke), all with assumed null associations. Controls were matched on age, sex, and index date, and exposure over the preceding 12 months was ascertained. For retinal detachment, the case-crossover odds ratio was 1.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42, 1.80) for statins, 1.40 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.92) for thyroxine, and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.24) for insulin. Estimates for the retinal detachment controls were similar, leading to near-null case-time-control estimates for all 3 medication classes. For wrist fracture and stroke, the odds ratios were higher for cases than for controls, and case-time-control odds ratios were consistently above unity, thus implying significant residual bias. In case-crossover studies of medications, contamination by persistent users confers a moderate bias upward, which is partly remedied by using a control group. The optimal strategy for dealing with this problem is currently unknown.
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13
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Xue L, Jiang Y, Han T, Zhang N, Qin L, Xin H, Zhang Q. Comparative proteomic and metabolomic analysis reveal the antiosteoporotic molecular mechanism of icariin from Epimedium brevicornu maxim. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:370-381. [PMID: 27422162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Icariin, a principal flavonoid glycoside of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim, has been widely proved to possess antiosteoporotic activity with promoting bone formation and decreasing bone resorption. However, the involving mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To clear a global insight of signal pathways involved in anti-osteoporotic mechanism of icariin at proteins and metabolites level by integrating the proteomics and NMR metabonomics, in a systems biology approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were divided into sham, OVX model and icariin-treated OVX group, after 90 days treatment, difference gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF proteomics analysis on bone femur and serum metabolomics were carried out for monitor intracellular processes and elucidate anti-osteoporotic mechanism of icariin. Osteoblast and osteoclast were applied to evaluate the potential signal pathways. RESULTS Twenty three proteins in bone femur, and 8 metabolites in serum, were significantly altered and identified, involving in bone remodeling, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, MAPK signaling, Ca2+ signaling et, al. Furthermore, animal experiment show icariin could enhance the BMD and BMC, decrease CTX-I level in ovariectomized mice. The mitochondrial membrane potential and the intracellular ATP levels were increased significantly, and the cytoskeleton were improved in icariin-treatment osteoblast and osteoclast. Icariin also increased mRNA expression of Runx2 and osterix of OB, decreased CTR and CAII mRNA expression and protein expression of P38 and JNK. However, icariin did not reveal any inhibition of the collagenolytic activity of cathepsin K, mRNA expression of MMP-9 and protein expression of ERK in osteoclast. CONCLUSION we consider icariin as multi-targeting compounds for treating with osteoporosis, involve initiating osteoblastogenesis, inhibiting adipogenesis, and preventing osteoclast differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Adipogenesis/drug effects
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Bone Density/drug effects
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/isolation & purification
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology
- Bone Remodeling/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Epimedium/chemistry
- Female
- Femur/drug effects
- Femur/metabolism
- Flavonoids/isolation & purification
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Metabolomics/methods
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Osteoblasts/drug effects
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoclasts/drug effects
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Osteoporosis/blood
- Osteoporosis/drug therapy
- Osteoporosis/genetics
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- Proteomics/methods
- Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Xue
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Chemical Toxicity, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z3
| | - Yiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Naidan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Luping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hailiang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Sugimoto T, Sato M, Dehle FC, Brnabic AJ, Weston A, Burge R. Lifestyle-Related Metabolic Disorders, Osteoporosis, and Fracture Risk in Asia: A Systematic Review. Value Health Reg Issues 2016; 9:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Wang Z, Li Y, Zhou F, Piao Z, Hao J. Effects of Statins on Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk: A PRISMA-compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3042. [PMID: 27258488 PMCID: PMC4900696 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although observational studies have identified the protective effect of statins on bone health, the effects remain controversial in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs to evaluate the effects of statins on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk among adults.We searched electronic databases of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and conducted a bibliography review to identify articles published until May, 2015.Studies included in this meta-analysis should be randomized controlled trials conducted in adults, using statins in the intervention group. Information on changes in BMD or odds ratio, relative risk or hazard ratio (HR) for fracture risk with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was provided.Two investigators independently reviewed the title or abstract, further reviewed the full-texts and extracted information on study characteristics and study outcomes. Net change estimates of BMD and pooled HR of fracture risk comparing the intervention group with the control group were estimated across trials using random-effects models.Of the relevant 334 citations, 7 trials (including 27,900 randomized participants in total) meeting the eligibility criteria were included. Of the 7 trials, 5 were conducted to assess the association of statins use with BMD change and 2 with fracture risk. Compared with the control group, statins use was associated with significant increase in BMD of 0.03 g/cm (95% CI: 0.006, 0.053; I = 99.2%; P < 0.001), but null association with fracture risk, with the pooled HR of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.15; I = 0; P = 0.396). Sensitivity analyses revealed that the associations were consistent and robust.The effect of statins use on bone health among subpopulation could not be identified due to limited number of trials.These findings provide evidence that statins could be used to increase BMD other than decreasing fracture risk in participant with dyslipidemia. In addition, further trials with the primary outcome of bone health-related measurements in subpopulation are warranted to ensure the effect of statins use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze Wang
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Nankai Hospital (ZW, FZ, ZP, JH); and Renal Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (YL), Tianjin, China
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16
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Brown P. Women's Expectations for Breast Cancer Prevention and Early Detection: High Expectations Can Be Achieved. Oncologist 2015; 21:4-6. [PMID: 26675741 PMCID: PMC4709217 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Additional research is needed to improve the ability to detect life-threatening cancer at an early curable stage and to prevent the development of such cancer. Many research groups are working to discover more effective and safer methods to detect and prevent life-threatening breast cancer. The results from such research studies will ultimately allow women’s expectations for breast cancer prevention and early detection to be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Powel Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Lansoprazole Upregulates Polyubiquitination of the TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 and Facilitates Runx2-mediated Osteoblastogenesis. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:2046-61. [PMID: 26844285 PMCID: PMC4703748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells to the osteochondroblast lineages. We found by the drug repositioning strategy that a proton pump inhibitor, lansoprazole, enhances nuclear accumulation of Runx2 and induces osteoblastogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Systemic administration of lansoprazole to a rat femoral fracture model increased osteoblastogenesis. Dissection of signaling pathways revealed that lansoprazole activates a noncanonical bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) activated kinase-1 (TAK1)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We found by in cellulo ubiquitination studies that lansoprazole enhances polyubiquitination of the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and by in vitro ubiquitination studies that the enhanced polyubiquitination of TRAF6 is attributed to the blocking of a deubiquitination enzyme, cylindromatosis (CYLD). Structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis of CYLD demonstrated that lansoprazole tightly fits in a pocket of CYLD where the C-terminal tail of ubiquitin lies. Lansoprazole is a potential therapeutic agent for enhancing osteoblastic differentiation.
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18
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Tian L, Yu X. Lipid metabolism disorders and bone dysfunction--interrelated and mutually regulated (review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:783-94. [PMID: 25760577 PMCID: PMC4438959 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between lipid and bone metabolism has become an increasing focus of interest in recent years, and accumulating evidence has shown that atherosclerosis (AS) and osteoporosis (OP), a disorder of bone metabolism, frequently co-exist. Fat and bone are known to share a common progenitor cell: Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the bone marrow (BM), which are able to differentiate into various cell phenotypes, including osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Laboratory-based and clinical trials have shown that increasing adipocytes are accompanied by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass. Statins, lipid-lowering drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia, also provide benefit in the treatment of OP. There is thus evidence that the metabolism of lipids is correlated with that of bone, and that the two are mutually regulated. The present review primarily focuses on the potential association between lipid metabolism disturbance and OP, based on biological metabolism, pathophysiological processes, results from clinical and experimental animal studies, processes involved in the differentiation of adipocytes and osteoblasts, as well as pharmacological treatments of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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19
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Yamauchi M, Yamaguchi T, Nawata K, Tanaka KI, Takaoka S, Sugimoto T. Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is associated with non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. Endocrine 2015; 48:279-86. [PMID: 24853884 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although a high serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis, it is unclear whether it is associated with osteoporosis. In this study, the associations between the serum LDL-C level and bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolic markers, and the presence of prevalent vertebral or non-vertebral fractures were examined. A total of 211 healthy postmenopausal women (age range, 46-80 years) who visited a community health center were recruited consecutively. Their radiographic and biochemical characteristics were collected. Prevalent vertebral and non-vertebral fractures were found in 49 (23.2%) and 36 (17.1%) subjects, respectively. Simple regression analyses showed that the serum LDL-C level was not significantly correlated with lumbar or femoral BMD or serum levels of total amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) or carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX). Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and BMI showed that the increased serum LDL-C level was selected as an index affecting the presence of prevalent non-vertebral fractures, but not vertebral fractures. This result was still significant after additional adjustments for years since menopause, physical activity, previous cardiovascular events, bone markers, BMD, serum Ca, P, Cr, 25(OH)D, grip strength, tandem gait test, and use of drugs for hyperlipidemia [odds ratio 1.76 (1.13-2.73), p=0.012]. These findings suggest that a high serum LDL-C level may be a risk factor for prevalent non-vertebral fragility fractures independent of bone turnover, bone mass, vitamin D insufficiency, or frail status in postmenopausal women, and that it may be detrimental to bone, as well as blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Yamauchi
- Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan,
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20
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Şipos RS, Fechete R, Moldovan D, Şuş I, Szasz S, Pávai Z. Assessment of femoral bone osteoporosis in rats treated with simvastatin or fenofibrate. Open Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2015-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground: The effects of two lipidlowering drugs, simvastatin and fenofibrate on osteoporosis in the femurs of healthy and ovariectomized female rats were investigated quantitatively by histological images and
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21
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Mazzitello C, Esposito S, De Francesco AE, Capuano A, Russo E, De Sarro G. Pharmacovigilance in Italy: An overview. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2013; 4:S20-8. [PMID: 24347976 PMCID: PMC3853663 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is the basis of pharmacovigilance. In fact, ADRs are associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. However, underreporting by all healthcare professionals remains the major problem in Italy and in the rest of the world. The dissemination of pharmacovigilance knowledge among Italian healthcare professionals, and the new pharmacovigilance regulations may promote the early detection and reporting of ADRs. This review examines the legislative framework concerning the pharmacovigilance in Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was collected from scientific articles and the websites of the Italian Ministry of Health and the Italian Medicines Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, AIFA). RESULTS The pharmacovigilance system, both in Italy and Europe, has undergone profound changes. European legislation on pharmacovigilance has been changed in 2010 according to the EU Regulation 1235/2010 and Directive 2010/84/EU. Basically, the changes tend to increase the efficiency, speed and transparency of pharmacovigilance activities. The new Regulation (1235/2010) and the Directive (2010/84/EU) aim to strengthen the system of pharmacovigilance, establish more precisely who is obliged to do what, and allow faster and easier circulation and retrieval of information about ADRs. CONCLUSION A greater knowledge on what is the Italian pharmacovigilance legislation will be useful to improve the status of ADRs reporting and spread the culture of spontaneous reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Mazzitello
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Esposito
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Capuano
- Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, and Department of Experimental Medicine “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, and Pharmacovigilance's Centre Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
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