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Lee S, Jung HI, Lee J, Kim Y, Chung J, Kim HS, Lim J, Nam KC, Lim YS, Choi HS, Kwak BS. Parathyroid-on-a-chip simulating parathyroid hormone secretion in response to calcium concentration. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3243-3251. [PMID: 38836406 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The parathyroid gland is an endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in blood serum through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Hypoparathyroidism is a chronic disease that can occur due to parathyroid defects, but due to the difficulty of creating animal models of this disease or obtaining human normal parathyroid cells, the evaluation of parathyroid functionality for drug development is limited. Although parathyroid-like cells that secrete PTH have recently been reported, their functionality may be overestimated using traditional culture methods that lack in vivo similarities, particularly vascularization. To overcome these limitations, we obtained parathyroid organoids from tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) and fabricated a parathyroid-on-a-chip, capable of simulating PTH secretion based on calcium concentration. This chip exhibited differences in PTH secretion according to calcium concentration and secreted PTH within the range of normal serum levels. In addition, branches of organoids, which are difficult to observe in animal models, were observed in this chip. This could serve as a guideline for successful engraftment in implantation therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghan Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul, 13722, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul, 13722, Republic of Korea
- The DABOM Inc., 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul, 13722, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngwon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul, 13722, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewoo Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseok Lim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
- MediSphere Inc., 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chang Nam
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Sung Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Seok Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong Seop Kwak
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
- MediSphere Inc., 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
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Bränström R, van Krieken PP, Fröbom R, Juhlin CC, Shabo I, Leibiger B, Leibiger IB, Berggren PO, Aspinwall CA. Transplantation and Noninvasive Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of Parathyroid Cells: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241241995. [PMID: 38554052 PMCID: PMC10981846 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241241995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The parathyroid cell is a vital regulator of extracellular calcium levels, operating through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Despite its importance, the regulation of PTH secretion remains complex and not fully understood, representing a unique interplay between extracellular and intracellular calcium, and hormone secretion. One significant challenge in parathyroid research has been the difficulty in maintaining cells ex vivo for in-depth cellular investigations. To address this issue, we introduce a novel platform for parathyroid cell transplantation and noninvasive in vivo imaging using the anterior chamber of the eye as a transplantation site. We found that parathyroid adenoma tissue transplanted into the mouse eye engrafted onto the iris, became vascularized, and retained cellular composition. Transplanted animals exhibited elevated PTH levels, indicating a functional graft. With in vivo confocal microscopy, we were able to repetitively monitor parathyroid graft morphology and vascularization. In summary, there is a pressing need for new methods to study complex cellular processes in parathyroid cells. Our study provides a novel approach for noninvasive in vivo investigations that can be applied to understand parathyroid physiology and pathology under physiological and pathological conditions. This innovative strategy can deepen our knowledge on parathyroid function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bränström
- Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pim P. van Krieken
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Fröbom
- Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Shabo
- Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingo B. Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig A. Aspinwall
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Biomedical Engineering, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Kaur G, Bhadada SK, Sachdeva N, Saikia UN, Dahiya D, Seth S, Raik S, Behera A, Rao SD. Establishment and characterization of long-term human primary parathyroid tumor subclones derived from Indian PHPT. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:161. [PMID: 37152002 PMCID: PMC10160248 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous cell line of epithelial human parathyroid cells has been proven difficult. Previously, PTH-C1 cell line was only established rat parathyroid tissue cell line known to express the parathyroid hormone-related peptide (Pthrp) gene. The paucity of continuous cell line of human parathyroid cells secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH) has imposed hurdle in in vitro assessment of the mechanisms involved in the control of parathyroid cell function and proliferation. The primary cell cultures of human parathyroid cells were derived from parathyroid adenoma tissue biopsy (n = 5). The cells were subsequently subcultured to maintained primary subclones. Karyotyping analysis was performed to analyze the genotypic identity of derived subclones. The expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were analyzed using immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. In the present study, we have used a defined condition medium to generate the continuous culture of human parathyroid cells derived from patients with parathyroid adenoma due to primary hyperparathyroidism. The subcultured primary subclones were maintained epithelial and polygonal morphology, doubling time of approximately 25 h, displaying a diploid chromosome number, and secretion of PTH. This cell line produces PTH and expresses the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) known to be involved in parathyroid function. Altogether these findings indicate the uniqueness of the human parathyroid cell line as an in vitro model for cellular and molecular studies on parathyroid physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Block B, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector – 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Block B, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector – 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Block B, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector – 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Saurabh Seth
- Department of Genetics in Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalini Raik
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunanshu Behera
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Noltes ME, Sondorp LH, Kracht L, Antunes IF, Wardenaar R, Kelder W, Kemper A, Szymanski W, Zandee WT, Jansen L, Brouwers AH, Coppes RP, Kruijff S. Patient-derived parathyroid organoids as a tracer and drug-screening application model. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2518-2530. [PMID: 36306782 PMCID: PMC9669499 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid diseases are characterized by dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and alterations in parathyroid hormone (PTH) excretion. The development of parathyroid-targeted treatment and imaging tracers could benefit from in vitro models. Therefore, we aim to establish a patient-derived parathyroid organoid model representing human parathyroid tissue. Hyperplastic parathyroid tissue was dispersed, and parathyroid organoids (PTOs) were cultured and characterized. PTO-derived cells exhibited self-renewal over several passages, indicative of the presence of putative stem cells. Immunofluorescence and RNA sequencing confirmed that PTOs phenocopy hyperplastic parathyroid tissue. Exposure of PTOs to increasing calcium concentrations and PTH-lowering drugs resulted in significantly reduced PTH excretion. PTOs showed specific binding of the imaging tracers 11C-methionine and 99mTc-sestamibi. These data show the functionality of PTOs resembling the parathyroid. This PTO model recapitulates the originating tissue on gene and protein expression and functionality, paving the way for future physiology studies and therapeutic target and tracer discovery.
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李 珮, 李 刚, 柳 丽, 黄 珊, 李 俊, 吴 唯. [Cultivation and characterization of primary human parathyroid cells from patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:238-243. [PMID: 35365448 PMCID: PMC8983369 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.02.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an cell model of hyperparathyroidism by isolation, in vitro culture, and identification of parathyroid cells from patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). METHODS The parathyroid gland tissues obtained from 10 patients with SHPT were dissociated by collagenase digestion for primary culture of the parathyroid cells. Morphological changes and growth characteristics of the cells were assessed by microscopic imaging and cell counting. The mRNA and protein expression levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), and glial cells missing 2 (GCM2) in the primary and passaged cells were determined by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. RESULTS Primary cultures of parathyroid cells were successfully obtained. The cells exhibited a high expression of PTH shown by immunofluorescence assay and had a population doubling time of approximately 71.61 h. PTH secretion in the second-passage (P2) cells was significantly lower than that in the primary (P0) and first-passage (P1) cells (P < 0.001). Despite a significant downregulation of CaSR mRNA (P=0.017) and protein (P=0.006) in P1 cells as compared with P0 cells, no significant differences were found in mRNA and protein expressions of PTH or GCM2 between the two cell generations. CONCLUSION Primary cultures of parathyroid cells isolated from SHPT patients by collagenase digestion show similar biological properties to the cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- 珮婷 李
- />中南大学湘雅三医院乳甲外科,湖南 长沙 410013Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - 刚 李
- />中南大学湘雅三医院乳甲外科,湖南 长沙 410013Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - 丽丹 柳
- />中南大学湘雅三医院乳甲外科,湖南 长沙 410013Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - 珊 黄
- />中南大学湘雅三医院乳甲外科,湖南 长沙 410013Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - 俊 李
- />中南大学湘雅三医院乳甲外科,湖南 长沙 410013Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - 唯 吴
- />中南大学湘雅三医院乳甲外科,湖南 长沙 410013Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Singh P, Bhadada SK, Arya AK, Saikia UN, Sachdeva N, Dahiya D, Kaur J, Brandi ML, Rao SD. Aberrant Epigenetic Alteration of PAX1 Expression Contributes to Parathyroid Tumorigenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e783-e792. [PMID: 34453169 PMCID: PMC8764231 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) results from the hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone from parathyroid tumors. A transcription factor, namely Paired box1 (PAX1), is active in parathyroid gland development. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study potential epigenetic-mediated mechanism of PAX1 gene in sporadic parathyroid adenomas. METHODS In parathyroid adenomas tissues, we analyzed the DNA methylation via bisulfite-specific polymerase chain reaction (BSP) and histone modifications via chromatin immunoprecipitation in regulating the differential expression of PAX1. RESULTS The results showed that mRNA and protein expression of PAX1 was significantly reduced in parathyroid adenomas. Bisulfite sequencing demonstrated hypermethylation in the promoter region of PAX1 (35%; 14/40) and lower levels of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) were observed on the promoter region of PAX1 (6-fold; P < .004) in parathyroid adenomas. Furthermore, upon treatment with a pharmacologic inhibitor, namely 5'aza-2 deoxycytidine, in rat parathyroid continuous cells, we found re-expression of PAX1 gene. CONCLUSION Our study not only reveals expression of PAX1 is epigenetically deregulated but also paves a way for clinical and therapeutic implications in patients with PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
- Correspondence: Dr. Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, 160012.
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Arya
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
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Singh P, Bhadada SK, Dahiya D, Saikia UN, Arya AK, Sachdeva N, Kaur J, Behera A, Brandi ML, Rao SD. GCM2 Silencing in Parathyroid Adenoma Is Associated With Promoter Hypermethylation and Gain of Methylation on Histone 3. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4084-e4096. [PMID: 34077544 PMCID: PMC8475237 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glial cells missing 2 (GCM2), a zinc finger-transcription factor, is essentially required for the development of the parathyroid glands. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify whether the epigenetic alterations in GCM2 transcription are involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic parathyroid adenoma. In addition, we examined the association between promoter methylation and histone modifications with disease indices. METHODS Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of GCM2 were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry in 33 adenomatous and 10 control parathyroid tissues. DNA methylation and histone methylation/acetylation of the GCM2 promoter were measured by bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR. Additionally, we investigated the role of epigenetic modifications on GCM2 and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression in parathyroid (PTH)-C1 cells by treating with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) and BRD4770 and assessed for GCM2 mRNA and DNMT1 protein levels. RESULTS mRNA and protein expression of GCM2 were lower in sporadic adenomatous than in control parathyroid tissues. This reduction correlated with hypermethylation (P < .001) and higher H3K9me3 levels in the GCM2 promoter (P < .04) in adenomas. In PTH-C1 cells, DAC treatment resulted in increased GCM2 transcription and decreased DNMT1 protein expression, while cells treated with the BRD4770 showed reduced H3K9me3 levels but a nonsignificant change in GCM2 transcription. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the concurrent association of promoter hypermethylation and higher H3K9me3 with the repression of GCM2 expression in parathyroid adenomas. Treatment with DAC restored GCM2 expression in PTH-C1 cells. Our results showed a possible epigenetic landscape in the tumorigenesis of parathyroid adenoma and also that DAC may be a promising avenue of research for parathyroid adenoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
- Correspondence: Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, MD, DM, Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | | | - Ashutosh Kumar Arya
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Arunanshu Behera
- Department of General Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Sudhaker Dhanwada Rao
- Bone and Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Singh P, Bhadada SK, Dahiya D, Arya AK, Saikia UN, Sachdeva N, Kaur J, Brandi ML, Rao SD. Reduced Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Expression Is Epigenetically Deregulated in Parathyroid Adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5866028. [PMID: 32609827 PMCID: PMC7500582 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Reduced calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) expression has been implicated in parathyroid tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Accordingly, we aimed to explore the epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications) involved in CaSR regulation in sporadic parathyroid adenomas and correlate epigenetic state with disease indices. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Forty sporadic parathyroid adenomas and 10 control parathyroid tissues were studied. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for mRNA and immunohistochemistry for protein expression of CaSR were performed. The methylation status of the CaSR promoter 2 was determined by bisulphite sequencing analysis of sodium bisulphite-converted DNA. To determine the role of histone modifications in the CaSR regulation, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR assay was performed. RESULTS Real-time qPCR revealed reduced CaSR mRNA expression with a fold reduction of 0.12 (P < 0.0001) in parathyroid adenomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced protein expression of CaSR in 90% (36/40) of adenomas. The promoter 2 region of CaSR displayed significant hypermethylation in 45% (18/40) of the adenomas compared with the controls (6.7%; 1 of 10) (P < 0.002). Bisulphite sequencing analysis revealed maximum methylated CpG at glial cell missing 2 binding site on the CaSR promoter 2 compared to other CpG sites. The methylation status of CaSR correlated directly with plasma intact parathyroid hormone levels in patients with parathyroid adenoma. With chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR analysis, H3K9me3 levels showed increased enrichment by 10-fold in adenomas and correlated with CaSR-mRNA expression (r = 0.61; P < 0.003). Treatment with 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine restored the expression of CaSR in a parathyroid cell line. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that hypermethylation and increased H3K9me3 of the CaSR promoter 2 are involved in silencing CaSR expression in sporadic parathyroid adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India. E-mail:
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Arya
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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Onopiuk M, Eby B, Nesin V, Ngo P, Lerner M, Gorvin CM, Stokes VJ, Thakker RV, Brandi ML, Chang W, Humphrey MB, Tsiokas L, Lau K. Control of PTH secretion by the TRPC1 ion channel. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132496. [PMID: 32213715 PMCID: PMC7205425 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a genetic condition associated with hypocalciuria, hypercalcemia, and, in some cases, inappropriately high levels of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH). FHH is associated with inactivating mutations in the gene encoding the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR), a GPCR, and GNA11 encoding G protein subunit α 11 (Gα11), implicating defective GPCR signaling as the root pathophysiology for FHH. However, the downstream mechanism by which CaSR activation inhibits PTH production/secretion is incompletely understood. Here, we show that mice lacking the transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) develop chronic hypercalcemia, hypocalciuria, and elevated PTH levels, mimicking human FHH. Ex vivo and in vitro studies revealed that TRPC1 serves a necessary and sufficient mediator to suppress PTH secretion from parathyroid glands (PTGs) downstream of CaSR in response to high extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Gα11 physically interacted with both the N- and C-termini of TRPC1 and enhanced CaSR-induced TRPC1 activity in transfected cells. These data identify TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ signaling as an essential component of the cellular apparatus controlling PTH secretion in the PTG downstream of CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie Eby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | - Megan Lerner
- Department of Surgery, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Caroline M Gorvin
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J Stokes
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Biomedicals Sperimentals and Clinicals Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze and Fondazione FIRMO, Florence, Italy
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Kai Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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10
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Chang W, Tu CL, Jean-Alphonse FG, Herberger A, Cheng Z, Hwong J, Ho H, Li A, Wang D, Liu H, White AD, Suh I, Shen W, Duh QY, Khanafshar E, Shoback DM, Xiao K, Vilardaga JP. PTH hypersecretion triggered by a GABA B1 and Ca 2+-sensing receptor heterocomplex in hyperparathyroidism. Nat Metab 2020; 2:243-255. [PMID: 32694772 PMCID: PMC7377265 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms mediating tonic secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to hypocalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism (HPT) are unclear. Here we demonstrate increased heterocomplex formation between the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B1 receptor (GABAB1R) in hyperplastic parathyroid glands (PTGs) of patients with primary and secondary HPT. Targeted ablation of GABAB1R or glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 and 2 in PTGs produces hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism, and prevents PTH hypersecretion in PTGs cultured from mouse models of hereditary HPT and dietary calcium-deficiency. Cobinding of the CaSR/GABAB1R complex by baclofen and high extracellular calcium blocks the coupling of heterotrimeric G-proteins to homomeric CaSRs in cultured cells and promotes PTH secretion in cultured mouse PTGs. These results combined with the ability of PTG to synthesize GABA support a critical autocrine action of GABA/GABAB1R in mediating tonic PTH secretion of PTGs and ascribe aberrant activities of CaSR/GABAB1R heteromer to HPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frederic G Jean-Alphonse
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Herberger
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenna Hwong
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hanson Ho
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alfred Li
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dawei Wang
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hongda Liu
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex D White
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Insoo Suh
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Quan-Yang Duh
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elham Khanafshar
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dolores M Shoback
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Vilardaga
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Feng R, Ding F, Mi XH, Liu SF, Jiang AL, Liu BH, Lian Y, Shi Q, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Protective Effects of Ligustroflavone, an Active Compound from Ligustrum lucidum, on Diabetes-Induced Osteoporosis in Mice: A Potential Candidate as Calcium-Sensing Receptor Antagonist. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:457-476. [PMID: 30834778 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1950023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ligustroflavone is one major compound contained in active fraction from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum), which could regulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and improve calcium balance by acting on calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR). This study aimed to explore the potency of ligustroflavone as a CaSR antagonist and its protective effects against diabetic osteoporosis in mice. LF interacted well with the allosteric site of CaSR shown by molecular docking analysis, increased PTH release of primary parathyroid gland cells and suppressed extracellular calcium influx in HEK-293 cells. The serum level of PTH attained peak value at 2 h and maintained high during the period of 1 h and 3 h than that before treatment in mice after a single dose of LF. Treatment of diabetic mice with LF inhibited the decrease in calcium level of serum and bone and the enhancement in urinary calcium excretion as well as elevated circulating PTH levels. Trabecular bone mineral density and micro-architecture were markedly improved in diabetic mice upon to LF treatment for 8 weeks. LF reduced CaSR mRNA and protein expression in the kidneys of diabetic mice. Taken together, ligustroflavone could transiently increase PTH level and regulate calcium metabolism as well as prevent osteoporosis in diabetic mice, suggesting that ligustroflavone might be an effective antagonist on CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fan Ding
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Hua Mi
- † Section of Nephrology, Yangpu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Ling Jiang
- § School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Hui Liu
- ¶ Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Yin Lian
- ¶ Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shi
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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12
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Habibullah M, Porter JA, Kluger N, Ranki A, Krohn KJE, Brandi ML, Brown EM, Weetman AP, Kemp EH. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Autoantibodies in Patients with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1: Epitopes, Specificity, Functional Affinity, IgG Subclass, and Effects on Receptor Activity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:3175-3183. [PMID: 30381479 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A major manifestation of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is hypoparathyroidism, which is suggested to result from aberrant immune responses against the parathyroid glands. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which plays a pivotal role in maintaining calcium homeostasis by sensing blood calcium levels and regulating release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), is an autoantibody target in APS1. In this study, the aim was to characterize the binding sites, specificity, functional affinity, IgG subclass, and functional effects of CaSR autoantibodies using phage-display technology, ELISA, and bioassays. The results indicated that CaSR autoantibody binding sites were at aa 41-69, 114-126, 171-195, and 260-340 in the extracellular domain of the receptor. Autoantibodies against CaSR epitopes 41-69, 171-195, and 260-340 were exclusively of the IgG1 subclass. Autoantibody responses against CaSR epitope 114-126 were predominantly of the IgG1 with a minority of the IgG3 subclass. Only autoantibodies recognizing CaSR epitopes 114-126 and 171-195 affected receptor activity; inositol-phosphate accumulation was increased significantly in HEK293-CaSR cells, and PTH secretion from PTH-C1 cells was reduced significantly when either were incubated with purified Ab and Ca2+ compared with Ca2+ alone. In conclusion, although the majority of APS1 patients do not have CaSR-stimulating autoantibodies, the hypoparathyroid state in a small minority of patients is the result of functional suppression of the parathyroid glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Habibullah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Porter
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai J E Krohn
- Clinical Research Institute HUCH Ltd., 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria L Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; and
| | - Edward M Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anthony P Weetman
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - E Helen Kemp
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom;
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13
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Sha NN, Zhao YJ, Zhao DF, Mok DKW, Shi Q, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Effect of the water fraction isolated from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract on bone metabolismviaantagonizing a calcium-sensing receptor in experimental type 1 diabetic rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:4703-4712. [PMID: 29165475 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotective effects of FLL water fraction by potentially regulating vitamin D metabolism and calcium transporters as well as CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Sha
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhao
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Dong-Feng Zhao
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Qi Shi
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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14
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The calcium-sensing receptor and the hallmarks of cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1398-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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