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Hourani T, Eivazitork M, Balendran T, Mc Lee K, Hamilton JA, Zhu HJ, Iaria J, Morokoff AP, Luwor RB, Achuthan AA. Signaling pathways underlying TGF-β mediated suppression of IL-12A gene expression in monocytes. Mol Immunol 2024; 166:101-109. [PMID: 38278031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine essential for multiple biological processes, including the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. One of the important functions of TGF-β is the suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12), which is crucial for mounting an anti-tumorigenic response. Although the regulation of the IL-12p40 subunit (encoded by the IL-12B gene) of IL-12 has been extensively investigated, the knowledge of IL-12p35 (encoded by IL-12A gene) subunit regulation is relatively limited. This study investigates the molecular regulation of IL-12A by TGF-β-activated signaling pathways in THP-1 monocytes. Our study identifies a complex regulation of IL-12A gene expression by TGF-β, which involves multiple cellular signaling pathways, such as Smad2/3, NF-κB, p38 and JNK1/2. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB signaling decreased IL-12A expression, while blocking the Smad2/3 signaling pathway by overexpression of Smad7 and inhibiting JNK1/2 signaling with a pharmacological inhibitor, SP600125, increased its expression. The elucidated signaling pathways that regulate IL-12A gene expression potentially provide new therapeutic targets to increase IL-12 levels in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Hourani
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mahtab Eivazitork
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thivya Balendran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kevin Mc Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Josephine Iaria
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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2
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İzci EK, Keskin F, Erdi F, Kaya B, Karatas Y, Feyzioglu B, Findik S, Kalkan E, Esen H, Guney Ö. Increased expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 in astrocytomas of ascending grades. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34132. [PMID: 37390278 PMCID: PMC10313279 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway controls the monitoring and degradation of important proteins and is involved in several cellular processes, such as development, differentiation, and transcriptional regulation. Recent evidence has shown that ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family that removes ubiquitin from protein substrates, is overexpressed in many types of cancer. AIM This study thus examined the expression of UCH-L1 in human astrocytoma tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded astrocytoma samples were obtained from 40 patients, after which histopathological examination, typing, and grading were performed. The study group included 10 histologically normal brain tissues, which served as the control group, and 10 WHO grade II, 10 WHO grade III, and 10 WHO grade IV (glioblastoma) samples. Normal brain tissue samples were obtained from the histologically normal, non-tumoral portion of the pathology specimens. UCH-L1 expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Astrocytoma tissues exhibited higher UCH-L1 expression compared to the control group. UCH-L1 overexpression increased significantly together with the increase in astrocytoma grades (from II to IV). CONCLUSION UCH-L1 could be a good diagnostic and therapeutic marker for determining astrocytoma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Kaan İzci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baskent University Konya Application and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Keskin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Erdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bulent Kaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medova Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yasar Karatas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Afyon Park Hospital, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Feyzioglu
- Department of Microbiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Siddika Findik
- Department of Pathology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Erdal Kalkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medova Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Esen
- Department of Pathology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Önder Guney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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3
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Yang JF, Chen TM, Chang HH, Tsai YL, Tsai WC, Huang WY, Lo CH, Lin CS, Shen PC, Chen Y. Guggulsterone inhibits migration and invasion through proteasomal and lysosomal degradation in human glioblastoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 938:175411. [PMID: 36436590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly brain malignancy, and current therapies offer limited survival benefit. The phytosterol guggulsterone (GS) has been shown to exhibit antitumor efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GS on migration and invasion and its underlying mechanisms in human GBM cell lines. After GS treatment, the survival rate of GBM cells was reduced, and the migration and invasion abilities of GBM cells were significantly decreased. There was also concomitant decreased expression of focal adhesion complex, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), MMP9 and cathepsin B. Furthermore, GS induced ERK phosphorylation and autophagy, with increased p62 and LC3B-II expression. Notably, treatment of in GBM cells with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or the lysosome inhibitor NH4Cl reversed the GS-mediated inhibition of migration and invasion. In an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, immunohistochemical staining of brain tumor tissues demonstrated that MMP2 and cathepsin B expression was reduced in GS-treated mice. GS treatment inhibited GBM cell migration and invasion via proteasomal and lysosomal degradation, suggesting its therapeutic potential in clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Fu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chien Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Fortin Ensign SP, Jenkins RB, Giannini C, Sarkaria JN, Galanis E, Kizilbash SH. Translational significance of CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:28-36. [PMID: 35973817 PMCID: PMC9825307 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 mutations confer a favorable prognosis compared to IDH-wildtype in astrocytoma, frequently denoting a lower grade malignancy. However, recent molecular profiling has identified specific aggressive tumor subgroups with clear clinical prognostic implications that are independent of histologic grading. The homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B is the strongest implicated independent indicator of the poor prognosis within IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and the identification of this alteration in these lower histologic grade tumors transforms their biology toward an aggressive grade 4 phenotype clinically. CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion is now sufficient to define a grade 4 tumor in IDH-mutant astrocytomas regardless of histologic appearance, yet there are currently no effective molecularly informed targeted therapies for these tumors. The biological impact of CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion in IDH-mutant tumors and the optimal treatment strategy for this molecular subgroup remains insufficiently explored. Here we review the current understanding of the translational significance of homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B gene expression in IDH-mutant astrocytoma and associated diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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5
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Ji D, Fleig A, Horgen FD, Feng ZP, Sun HS. Modulators of TRPM7 and its potential as a drug target for brain tumours. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102521. [PMID: 34953296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TRPM7 is a non-selective divalent cation channel with an alpha-kinase domain. Corresponding with its broad expression, TRPM7 has a role in a wide range of cell functions, including proliferation, migration, and survival. Growing evidence shows that TRPM7 is also aberrantly expressed in various cancers, including brain cancers. Because ion channels have widespread tissue distribution and result in extensive physiological consequences when dysfunctional, these proteins can be compelling drug targets. In fact, ion channels comprise the third-largest drug target type, following enzymes and receptors. Literature has shown that suppression of TRPM7 results in inhibition of migration, invasion, and proliferation in several human brain tumours. Therefore, TRPM7 presents a potential target for therapeutic brain tumour interventions. This article reviews current literature on TRPM7 as a potential drug target in the context of brain tumours and provides an overview of various selective and non-selective modulators of the channel relevant to pharmacology, oncology, and ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ji
- Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Andrea Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen's Medical Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine and Cancer Center at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - F David Horgen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Pharmacology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2.
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6
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Hoerig CM, Plant-Fox AS, Pulley MD, Di K, Bota DA. Exploring the role and clinical implications of proteasome inhibition in medulloblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29168. [PMID: 34114315 PMCID: PMC10516099 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin proteasome-mediated protein degradation has been implicated in posttranslational oncogenesis in medulloblastoma. Current research is evaluating the clinical implications of proteasome inhibition as a therapeutic target. In medulloblastoma cell lines, proteasome inhibitors induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation via multiple pathways involving activation of caspase pathways, NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathway inhibition, reduced AKT/mTOR pathway activity, and pro-apoptotic protein expression. Second-generation proteasome inhibitors demonstrate blood-brain barrier penetration while maintaining antitumor effect. This review summarizes the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma and the potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay M Hoerig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, California, USA
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ashley S Plant-Fox
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michelle D Pulley
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, California, USA
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kaijun Di
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daniela A Bota
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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7
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Beig N, Singh S, Bera K, Prasanna P, Singh G, Chen J, Saeed Bamashmos A, Barnett A, Hunter K, Statsevych V, Hill VB, Varadan V, Madabhushi A, Ahluwalia MS, Tiwari P. Sexually dimorphic radiogenomic models identify distinct imaging and biological pathways that are prognostic of overall survival in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:251-263. [PMID: 33068415 PMCID: PMC7906064 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that sexual dimorphism influences treatment response and prognostic outcome in glioblastoma (GBM). To this end, we sought to (i) identify distinct sex-specific radiomic phenotypes-from tumor subcompartments (peritumoral edema, enhancing tumor, and necrotic core) using pretreatment MRI scans-that are prognostic of overall survival (OS) in GBMs, and (ii) investigate radiogenomic associations of the MRI-based phenotypes with corresponding transcriptomic data, to identify the signaling pathways that drive sex-specific tumor biology and treatment response in GBM. METHODS In a retrospective setting, 313 GBM patients (male = 196, female = 117) were curated from multiple institutions for radiomic analysis, where 130 were used for training and independently validated on a cohort of 183 patients. For the radiogenomic analysis, 147 GBM patients (male = 94, female = 53) were used, with 125 patients in training and 22 cases for independent validation. RESULTS Cox regression models of radiomic features from gadolinium T1-weighted MRI allowed for developing more precise prognostic models, when trained separately on male and female cohorts. Our radiogenomic analysis revealed higher expression of Laws energy features that capture spots and ripple-like patterns (representative of increased heterogeneity) from the enhancing tumor region, as well as aggressive biological processes of cell adhesion and angiogenesis to be more enriched in the "high-risk" group of poor OS in the male population. In contrast, higher expressions of Laws energy features (which detect levels and edges) from the necrotic core with significant involvement of immune related signaling pathways was observed in the "low-risk" group of the female population. CONCLUSIONS Sexually dimorphic radiogenomic models could help risk-stratify GBM patients for personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niha Beig
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Kaustav Bera
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Prateek Prasanna
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University,
Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Radiology, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center,
Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jonathan Chen
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Addison Barnett
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic,
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle Hunter
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic,
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Virginia B Hill
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vinay Varadan
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center,
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic,
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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8
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Nguyen HM, Saha D. The Current State of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus for Glioblastoma Treatment. Oncolytic Virother 2021; 10:1-27. [PMID: 33659221 PMCID: PMC7917312 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s268426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary malignant brain tumor with no current effective treatments. The recent emergence of immuno-virotherapy and FDA approval of T-VEC have generated a great expectation towards oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) as a promising treatment option for GBM. Since the generation and testing of the first genetically engineered oHSV in glioma in the early 1990s, oHSV-based therapies have shown a long way of great progress in terms of anti-GBM efficacy and safety, both preclinically and clinically. Here, we revisit the literature to understand the recent advancement of oHSV in the treatment of GBM. In addition, we discuss current obstacles to oHSV-based therapies and possible strategies to overcome these pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-My Nguyen
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
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9
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Nguyen HM, Guz-Montgomery K, Lowe DB, Saha D. Pathogenetic Features and Current Management of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040856. [PMID: 33670551 PMCID: PMC7922739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor with a devastatingly poor prognosis. The disease does not discriminate, affecting adults and children of both sexes, and has an average overall survival of 12-15 months, despite advances in diagnosis and rigorous treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection. In addition, most survivors will eventually experience tumor recurrence that only imparts survival of a few months. GBM is highly heterogenous, invasive, vascularized, and almost always inaccessible for treatment. Based on all these outstanding obstacles, there have been tremendous efforts to develop alternative treatment options that allow for more efficient targeting of the tumor including small molecule drugs and immunotherapies. A number of other strategies in development include therapies based on nanoparticles, light, extracellular vesicles, and micro-RNA, and vessel co-option. Advances in these potential approaches shed a promising outlook on the future of GBM treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of adult GBM's pathogenetic features that promote treatment resistance. We also outline novel and promising targeted agents currently under development for GBM patients during the last few years with their current clinical status.
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10
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Recent insight into the role of RING-finger E3 ligases in glioma. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:519-529. [PMID: 33544148 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) serves as the major posttranslational modification system for the maintenance of protein homeostasis. The ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are responsible for the recognition and recruitment of specific substrate proteins for polyubiquitination. Really interesting new gene (RING) finger E3s account for the majority of E3s. The human genome encodes more than 600 RING E3s, which are divided into three subclasses: single polypeptide E3s, cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) and other multisubunit E3s. The abnormal regulation of RING E3s has been reported to disrupt normal biological processes and induce the occurrence of many human malignancies. Glioma is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor. In the last few decades, patient prognosis has improved as novel targeted therapeutic agents have developed. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the dysregulation of RING E3s and the altered stability of their substrates in glioma. We will further introduce and discuss the current status and future perspectives of the application of small inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) interfering with RING E3s as potential anticancer agents for glioma.
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11
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Sola-Barrado B, M Leite D, Scarpa E, Duro-Castano A, Battaglia G. Combinatorial Intracellular Delivery Screening of Anticancer Drugs. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4709-4714. [PMID: 33175550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional drug solubilization strategies limit the understanding of the full potential of poorly water-soluble drugs during drug screening. Here, we propose a screening approach in which poorly water-soluble drugs are entrapped in poly(2-(methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-poly(2-(diisopropylaminoethyl methacryate) (PMPC-PDPA) polymersomes (POs) to enhance drug solubility and facilitate intracellular delivery. By using a human pediatric glioma cell model, we demonstrated that PMPC-PDPA POs mediated intracellular delivery of cytotoxic and epigenetic drugs by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Additionally, when delivered in combination, drug-loaded PMPC-PDPA POs triggered both an enhanced drug efficacy and synergy compared to that of a conventional combinatorial screening. Hence, our comprehensive synergy analysis illustrates that our screening methodology, in which PMPC-PDPA POs are used for intracellular codelivery of drugs, allows us to identify potent synergistic profiles of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Sola-Barrado
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Diana M Leite
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Scarpa
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Aroa Duro-Castano
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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12
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Reduced EGFR and increased miR-221 is associated with increased resistance to temozolomide and radiotherapy in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17768. [PMID: 33082482 PMCID: PMC7576591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive treatment with temozolomide and radiotherapy and extensive research into alternative therapies there has been little improvement in Glioblastoma patient survival. Median survival time remains between 12 and 15 months mainly due to treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms behind treatment resistance and the lack of success with anti-EGFR therapy in the clinic. After generating a number of treatment resistant Glioblastoma cell lines we observed that resistant cell lines lacked EGFR activation and expression. Furthermore, cell viability assays showed resistant cells were significantly less sensitive to the anti-EGFR agents when compared to parental cell lines. To further characterise the resistance mechanism in our cells microRNA prediction software identified miR-221 as a negative regulator of EGFR expression. miR-221 was up-regulated in our resistant cell lines, and this up-regulation led to a significant reduction in EGFR expression in both our cultured cell lines and a large cohort of glioblastoma patient tumor tissue.
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13
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Roth P, Mason WP, Richardson PG, Weller M. Proteasome inhibition for the treatment of glioblastoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1133-1141. [PMID: 32746640 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1803827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma is a primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite multimodal therapy including surgery, radiotherapy and alkylating chemotherapy. Novel therapeutic options are therefore urgently needed; however, there have been various drug failures in late-stage clinical development. The proteasome represents a key target for anti-cancer therapy as successfully shown in multiple myeloma and other hematologic malignancies. AREAS COVERED This review article summarizes the preclinical and clinical development of proteasome inhibitors in the context of glioblastoma. EXPERT OPINION Early clinical trials with bortezomib ended with disappointing results, possibly because this agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier. In contrast to bortezomib and other proteasome inhibitors, marizomib is a novel drug that displays strong inhibitory properties on all enzymatic subunits of the proteasome and, most importantly, crosses the blood-brain barrier, making it a potentially very active novel agent against intrinsic brain tumors. While preclinical studies have demonstrated significant anti-glioma activity, its clinical benefit has yet to be proven. Exploiting the biological effects of proteasome inhibitors in combination with other therapeutic strategies may represent a key next step in their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Warren P Mason
- Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Large-Scale Drug Screening in Patient-Derived IDH mut Glioma Stem Cells Identifies Several Efficient Drugs among FDA-Approved Antineoplastic Agents. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061389. [PMID: 32503220 PMCID: PMC7348988 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation in glioma led to a paradigm shift on how we see glioma biology. Difficulties in cultivating IDH mutant glioma stem cells (IDHmut GSCs) resulted in a paucity of preclinical models in IDHmut glioma, limiting the discovery of new effective chemotherapeutic agents. To fill this gap, we used six recently developed patient-derived IDHmut GSC lines and performed a large-scale drug screening with 147 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anticancer drugs. GSCs were subjected to the test compounds for 72 h in concentrations ranging from 0.0001 to 1 µM. Cell viability was assessed by CellTiterGlo and the induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry with Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The initial screen was performed with two IDHmut GSC lines and identified seven drugs (bortezomib, carfilzomib, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, omacetaxine, plicamycin) with a substantial antiproliferative activity, as reflected by half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) below 1 µM and maximum inhibitory effects (Emax) below 25%. These findings were validated in an additional four IDHmut GSC lines. The candidate drugs, of which plicamycin and omacetaxine are known to cross the blood brain barrier, were used for subsequent cell death analyses. A significant induction of apoptosis was observed at IC50 values of the respective drugs. In summary, we were able to identify seven FDA-approved drugs that should be further taken into clinical investigations for the treatment of IDHmut gliomas.
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15
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Chen Z, Morales JE, Guerrero PA, Sun H, McCarty JH. PTPN12/PTP-PEST Regulates Phosphorylation-Dependent Ubiquitination and Stability of Focal Adhesion Substrates in Invasive Glioblastoma Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3809-3822. [PMID: 29743287 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an invasive brain cancer with tumor cells that disperse from the primary mass, escaping surgical resection and invariably giving rise to lethal recurrent lesions. Here we report that PTP-PEST, a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase, controls GBM cell invasion by physically bridging the focal adhesion protein Crk-associated substrate (Cas) to valosin-containing protein (Vcp), an ATP-dependent protein segregase that selectively extracts ubiquitinated proteins from multiprotein complexes and targets them for degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Both Cas and Vcp are substrates for PTP-PEST, with the phosphorylation status of tyrosine 805 (Y805) in Vcp impacting affinity for Cas in focal adhesions and controlling ubiquitination levels and protein stability. Perturbing PTP-PEST-mediated phosphorylation of Cas and Vcp led to alterations in GBM cell-invasive growth in vitro and in preclinical mouse models. Collectively, these data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism involving PTP-PEST, Vcp, and Cas that dynamically balances phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of key focal proteins involved in GBM cell invasion.Significance: PTP-PEST balances GBM cell growth and invasion by interacting with the ATP-dependent ubiquitin segregase Vcp/p97 and regulating phosphorylation and stability of the focal adhesion protein p130Cas.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/14/3809/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(14); 3809-22. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John E Morales
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paola A Guerrero
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huandong Sun
- Institute for Applied Cancer Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph H McCarty
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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16
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Nabissi M, Morelli MB, Offidani M, Amantini C, Gentili S, Soriani A, Cardinali C, Leoni P, Santoni G. Cannabinoids synergize with carfilzomib, reducing multiple myeloma cells viability and migration. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77543-77557. [PMID: 27769052 PMCID: PMC5363603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies showed a potential anti-tumor role for cannabinoids, by modulating cell signaling pathways involved in cancer cell proliferation, chemo-resistance and migration. Cannabidiol (CBD) was previously noted in multiple myeloma (MM), both alone and in synergy with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, to induce cell death. In other type of human cancers, the combination of CBD with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was found to act synergistically with other chemotherapeutic drugs suggesting their use in combination therapy. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of THC alone and in combination with CBD in MM cell lines. We found that CBD and THC, mainly in combination, were able to reduce cell viability by inducing autophagic-dependent necrosis. Moreover, we showed that the CBD-THC combination was able to reduce MM cells migration by down-regulating expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and of the CD147 plasma membrane glycoprotein. Furthermore, since the immuno-proteasome is considered a new target in MM and also since carfilzomib (CFZ) is a new promising immuno-proteasome inhibitor that creates irreversible adducts with the β5i subunit of immuno-proteasome, we evaluated the effect of CBD and THC in regulating the expression of the β5i subunit and their effect in combination with CFZ. Herein, we also found that the CBD and THC combination is able to reduce expression of the β5i subunit as well as to act in synergy with CFZ to increase MM cell death and inhibits cell migration. In summary, these results proved that this combination exerts strong anti-myeloma activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Offidani
- Clinica di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Silvia Gentili
- Clinica di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Leoni
- Clinica di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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17
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Carfilzomib induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in human endometrial cancer cells via upregulation of p21 Waf1/Cip1 and p27 Kip1. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 55:847-851. [PMID: 28040131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carfilzomib is a second-generation tetrapeptide epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor used in current clinical therapy of hematologic malignancies. The mechanism of proteasome inhibition in endometrial cancer is not very clear. Carfilzomib inhibition of type I endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was investigated in our study. MATERIALS AND METHODS HEC-1-A and Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cell lines and three tumor cell lines were treated by different concentrations of carfilzomib. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle. Western blot was used to detect proteins involved in cell cycle progression. RESULTS Carfilzomib impaired viability of myelogenous leukemia cell line K562, cervical cancer cell line HeLa, hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMCC-7721, and endometrial carcinoma cell lines HEC-1-A and Ishikawa. The cell cycle was arrested at the G2/M phase in carfilzomib-treated HEC-1-A endometrial carcinoma cells, while it was arrested at both S and G2/M phases in carfilzomib-treated Ishikawa cells. Carfilzomib treatment significantly induced p21Waf1/ Cip1 and p27, while substantially reduced cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1. CONCLUSION This study showed that carfilzomib inhibited endometrial cancer proliferation by upregulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1, and reducing cyclin-dependent kinase 1 to arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
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18
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Zheng D, Han L, Qu X, Chen X, Zhong J, Bi X, Liu J, Jiang Y, Jiang C, Huang X. Cytotoxic Fusicoccane-Type Diterpenoids from Streptomyces violascens Isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca Feces. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:837-844. [PMID: 28206772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Six new fusicoccane-type diterpenoids (2-7) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces violascens, which was isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) feces. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by a detailed spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 5-7 demonstrated cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 ± 0.7 to 14.1 ± 0.8 μM. Cell adhesion, migration, and invasion assays showed that 6 inhibited the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Through further investigation, it was revealed that 6 inhibited the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), in addition to down-regulating the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at both the protein and mRNA levels to influence the migration and invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University , Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Qu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Bi
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Jiang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
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