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Infanzón B, Herrmann KR, Hofmann I, Willbold S, Ruff AJ, Schwaneberg U. Phytase blends for enhanced phosphorous mobilization of deoiled seeds. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 153:109953. [PMID: 34847439 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phytases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of a stepwise phosphate release from phytate which is the main phosphorous storage in seeds, cereals and legumes. Limitations such as low enzyme activity or incomplete phytate hydrolysis to inositol are a great challenge in phytase applications in food and feed. Herein we report a phytase blend of two enzymes with additive effects on phytate (InsP6) hydrolysis and its application in the enzymatic phosphorous recovery process. Blending the fast 6-phytase rPhyXT52 with the 3-phytase from Debaryomyces castellii, which is capable of fully hydrolyzing InsP6, we achieved rapid phosphate release with higher yields compared to the individual enzymes and a rapid disappearance of InsP6-3 intermediates, monitored by HPLC. NMR data suggest a nearly complete phytate hydrolysis to inositol and phosphate. The blend was applied for phosphate mobilization from phytate-rich biomass, such as deoiled seeds. For this emerging application, an up to 43% increased phosphate mobilization yield was achieved when using 1000 U of the blend per kg biomass compared to using only the E. coli phytase. Even so, the time of enzyme treatment was decreased by more than half (6 h instead of 16 h) when using 4000 U of blend, we reached a 78-90% reduction of the total phosphorous content in the explored deoiled seeds. In summary, the phytase blend of Dc phyt/rPhyXT52 was proven very efficient to obtain inositol phosphate depleted meal which has its potential application in animal feeding and is concomitant with the production of green phosphate from renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Infanzón
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kevin R Herrmann
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Isabell Hofmann
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sabine Willbold
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Analytics (ZEA-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Anna Joëlle Ruff
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI-Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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Zhao T, Yong X, Zhao Z, Dolce V, Li Y, Curcio R. Research status of Bacillus phytase. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:415. [PMID: 34485008 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid is abundant in seeds, roots and stems of plants, it acts as an anti-nutrient in food and feed industry, since it affects the absorption of nutrients by humans and monogastric animals. Furthermore, phosphorus produced through its decomposition by microorganisms can cause environmental pollution. Phytase degrades phytic acid generating precursors of inositol that can be used in clinical practice; in addition, phytase treatment can minimize the anti-nutritional effect of phytic acid. The use of phytase synthesized from Bacillus is more advantageous due to its high activity. Additionally, its good heat resistance under neutral conditions greatly fills the gap of commercial utilization of acid phytase. In this review, we summarize the latest research results on Bacillus phytase, including its physiological and biochemical characteristics, molecular structure information, calcium effects on its catalytic activity and stability, its catalytic mechanism and molecular modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihao Yong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Faculty of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- Faculty of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, People's Republic of China
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Expression of Pantoea sp. 3.5.1 AgpP Phytase in Three Expression Systems. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Trabelsi S, Sahnoun M, Elgharbi F, Ameri R, Ben Mabrouk S, Mezghani M, Hmida-Sayari A, Bejar S. Aspergillus oryzae S2 AmyA amylase expression in Pichia pastoris: production, purification and novel properties. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:921-932. [PMID: 30535895 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic cDNA-AmyA gene was cloned and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris as a His-tagged enzyme under the methanol inducible AOX1 promoter. High level of extracellular amylase production of 72 U/mL was obtained after a 72 h induction by methanol. As expected, the recombinant strain produced only the AmyA isoform since the host is a protease deficient strain. Besides, the purified r-AmyA showed a molecular mass of 54 kDa, the same pH optimum equal to 5.6 but a higher thermoactivity of 60 °C against 50 °C for the native enzyme. Unlike AmyA which maintained 50% of its activity after a 10-min incubation at 60 °C, r-AmyA reached 45 min. The higher thermoactivity and thermostability could be related to the N-glycosylation. The r-AmyA activity was enhanced by 46% and 45% respectively in the presence of 4 mM Fe2+ and Mg2+ ions. This enzyme was more efficient in bread-making since such ions were reported to have a positive impact on the nutriment quality and the rheological characteristics of the wheat flour dough. The thermoactivity/thermostability as well as the iron and magnesium activations could also be ascribed to the presence of an additional C-terminal loop containing the His tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Sahnoun
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Elgharbi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Ameri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ben Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Monia Mezghani
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aïda Hmida-Sayari
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Kumar V, Yadav AN, Verma P, Sangwan P, Saxena A, Kumar K, Singh B. β-Propeller phytases: Diversity, catalytic attributes, current developments and potential biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:595-609. [PMID: 28174082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytases are phosphatases which stepwise remove phosphates from phytic acid or its salts. β-Propeller phytase (BPPhy) belongs to a special class of microbial phytases that is regarded as most diverse, isolated and characterized from different microbes, mainly from Bacillus spp. BPPhy class is unique for its Ca2+-dependent catalytic activity, strict substrate specificity, active at neutral to alkaline pH and high thermostability. Numerous sequence and structure based studies have revealed unique attributes and catalytic properties of this class, as compared to other classes of phytases. Recent studies including cloning and expression and genetic engineering approaches have led to improvements in BPPhy which provide an opportunity for extended utilization of this class of phytases in improving animal nutrition, human health, plant growth promotion, and environmental protection, etc. This review describes the sources and diversity of BPPhy genes, biochemical properties, Ca2+ dependence, current developments in structural elucidation, heterogeneous expression and catalytic improvements, and multifarious applications of BPPhy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India.
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Punesh Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Abhishake Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
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Phytate-degrading activity of probiotic bacteria exposed to simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Phytase Production and Development of an Ideal Dephytinization Process for Amelioration of Food Nutrition Using Microbial Phytases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1485-1495. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tan H, Wu X, Xie L, Huang Z, Peng W, Gan B. A Novel Phytase Derived from an Acidic Peat-Soil Microbiome Showing High Stability under Acidic Plus Pepsin Conditions. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:291-301. [DOI: 10.1159/000446567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Four novel phytases of the histidine acid phosphatase family were identified in two publicly available metagenomic datasets of an acidic peat-soil microbiome in northeastern Bavaria, Germany. These enzymes have low similarity to all the reported phytases. They were overexpressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and purified. Catalytic efficacy in simulated gastric fluid was measured and compared among the four candidates. The phytase named rPhyPt4 was selected for its high activity. It is the first phytase identified from unculturable Acidobacteria. The phytase showed a longer half-life than all the gastric-stable phytases that have been reported to date, suggesting a strong resistance to low pH and pepsin. A wide pH profile was observed between pH 1.5 and 5.0. At the optimum pH (2.5) the activity was 2,790 μmol/min/mg at the physiological temperature of 37°C and 3,989 μmol/min/mg at the optimum temperature of 60°C. Due to the competent activity level as well as the high gastric stability, the phytase could be a potential candidate for practical use in livestock and poultry feeding
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Comparative Study on Different Expression Hosts for Alkaline Phytase Engineered in Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:997-1010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pal Roy M, Mazumdar D, Dutta S, Saha SP, Ghosh S. Cloning and Expression of Phytase appA Gene from Shigella sp. CD2 in Pichia pastoris and Comparison of Properties with Recombinant Enzyme Expressed in E. coli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145745. [PMID: 26808559 PMCID: PMC4726635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytase gene appAS was isolated from Shigella sp. CD2 genomic library. The 3.8 kb DNA fragment contained 1299 bp open reading frame encoding 432 amino acid protein (AppAS) with 22 amino acid signal peptide at N-terminal and three sites of N-glycosylation. AppAS contained the active site RHGXRXP and HDTN sequence motifs, which are conserved among histidine acid phosphatases. It showed maximum identity with phytase AppA of Escherichia coli and Citrobacter braakii. The appAS was expressed in Pichia pastoris and E. coli to produce recombinant phytase rAppAP and rAppAE, respectively. Purified glycosylated rAppAP and nonglycosylated rAppAE had specific activity of 967 and 2982 U mg-1, respectively. Both had pH optima of 5.5 and temperature optima of 60°C. Compared with rAppAE, rAppAP was 13 and 17% less active at pH 3.5 and 7.5 and 11 and 18% less active at temperature 37 and 50°C, respectively; however, it was more active at higher incubation temperatures. Thermotolerance of rAppAP was 33% greater at 60°C and 24% greater at 70°C, when compared with rAppAE. Both the recombinant enzymes showed high specificity to phytate and resistance to trypsin. To our knowledge, this is the first report on cloning and expression of phytase from Shigella sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushree Pal Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Deepika Mazumdar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Shyama Prasad Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Shilpi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
- * E-mail:
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Tan H, Wu X, Xie L, Huang Z, Peng W, Gan B. Identification and characterization of a mesophilic phytase highly resilient to high-temperatures from a fungus-garden associated metagenome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:2225-41. [PMID: 26536874 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phytases are enzymes degrading phytic acid and thereby releasing inorganic phosphate. While the phytases reported to date are majorly from culturable microorganisms, the fast-growing quantity of publicly available metagenomic data generated in the last decade has enabled bioinformatic mining of phytases in numerous data mines derived from a variety of ecosystems throughout the world. In this study, we are interested in the histidine acid phosphatase (HAP) family phytases present in insect-cultivated fungus gardens. Using bioinformatic approaches, 11 putative HAP phytase genes were initially screened from 18 publicly available metagenomes of fungus gardens and were further overexpressed in Escherichia coli. One phytase from a south pine beetle fungus garden showed the highest activity and was then chosen for further study. Biochemical characterization showed that the phytase is mesophilic but possesses strong ability to withstand high temperatures. To our knowledge, it has the longest half-life time at 100 °C (27 min) and at 80 °C (2.1 h) as compared to all the thermostable phytases publicly reported to date. After 100 °C incubation for 15 min, more than 93 % of the activity was retained. The activity was 3102 μmol P/min/mg at 37 °C and 4135 μmol P/min/mg at 52.5 °C, which is higher than all the known thermostable phytases. For the high activity level demonstrated at mesophilic temperatures as well as the high resilience to high temperatures, the phytase might be promising for potential application as an additive enzyme in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tan
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Southwestern Region for Agricultural Microbial Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Southwestern Region for Agricultural Microbial Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Southwestern Region for Agricultural Microbial Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqian Huang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Southwestern Region for Agricultural Microbial Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Peng
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Southwestern Region for Agricultural Microbial Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingcheng Gan
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Southwestern Region for Agricultural Microbial Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China.
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Xu W, Shao R, Wang Z, Yan X. Improving the Neutral Phytase Activity from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 1061 by Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3184-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Isolation and molecular characterization of thermostable phytase from Bacillus subtilis (BSPhyARRMK33). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3058-67. [PMID: 25588529 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The thermostable phytase gene was isolated from Bacillus subtilis ARRMK33 (BsPhyARRMK33). The gene has an ORF of 1152 bp and that encodes a protein of 383 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed high homology with Bacillus sp. phytase proteins, but no similarity was found with other phytases. SDS-PAGE analysis exhibited a predicted molecular mass of 42 kDa. Homology modeling of BsPhyARRMK33 protein based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens crystal structure disclosed its β-propeller structure. BsPhyARRMK33 recombinant plasmid in pET-28a(+) was expressed in Rosetta gami B DE3 cells and the maximum phytase activity 15.3 U mg(-1) obtained. The enzyme exhibits high thermostability at various temperatures and broad pH ranges. The recombinant protein retained 74% of its original activity after incubation at 95 °C for 10 min. In the presence of Ca(2+), the recombinant phytase activity was maximal where as it was inhibited by EDTA. The optimal pH and temperature for the recombinant phytase activity is achieved at 7.0 and 55 °C, respectively. Thermostable nature and wide range of pH are promising features of recombinant BsPhyARRMK33 protein that may be employed as an efficient alternative to commercially known phytases and thereby alleviate environmental eutrophication.
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