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Ansari MA, Al-Jarallah A, Rao MS, Babiker A, Bensalamah K. Upregulation of NADPH-oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis in the hippocampus following impaired insulin signaling in the rats: Development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148890. [PMID: 38552936 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
NADPH-oxidase (NOX) is a multi-subunit enzyme complex. The upregulation of NOX causes massive production of superoxide (O2¯), which avidly reacts with nitric oxide (NO) and increases cellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Increased ROS/RNS plays pivotal role in the sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) development and brain damage following impaired insulin signaling. Hence, this study aimed to examine early-time course of changes in NOX and NOS expression, and apoptotic proteins in the rats hippocampi following insulin signaling impairment [induced by STZ injection; intraperitoneal (IP) or in cerebral ventricles (ICV)]. Early effects (1, 3, or 6 weeks) on the NOX activity, translocation of NOX subunits from cytosol to the membrane, NO-synthases [neuronal-, inducible- and endothelial-NOS; nNOS, iNOS and eNOS], The Rac-1 protein expression, levels of NO and O2¯, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 and 9 activations (cleavage) were studied. STZ injection (in both models) increased NOX activity, O2¯ production, and enhanced cytosolic subunits translocation into membrane. The iNOS but not nNOS and eNOS expression and NO levels were increased in STZ treated rats. Finally, STZ injection increased cytochrome c release, caspase-3 and 9 activations in a manner that was significantly associated with levels of O2¯ and NO in the hippocampus. ICV-STZ administration resulted in significant profound changes over the IP route. In conclusion, impairment in insulin function induces early changes in ROS/RNS contents through NOX and iNOS upregulation and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus. Our results could mechanistically explain the role of impaired insulin function in the development of sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeen A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Babiker
- Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Bensalamah
- Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait
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Müller T, Riederer P, Kuhn W. Aminoadamantanes: from treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease to symptom amelioration of long COVID-19 syndrome? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:101-107. [PMID: 36726198 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2176301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aminoadamantanes amantadine and memantine are well known. They mainly act as N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists. AREAS COVERED The antiviral drug amantadine moderately ameliorates impaired motor behavior in patients with Parkinson's disease. Memantine provides beneficial effects on memory function in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease already treated with acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. Both compounds counteract impaired monoamine neurotransmission with associated symptoms, such as depression. They improve vigilance, lack of attention and concentration, fatigue syndromes according to clinical findings in patients with chronic neurodegenerative processes. Their extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor blockade weakens a prolonged influx of Ca2+ ions as the main responsible components of neuronal excitotoxicity. This causes neuronal dying and associated functional deficits. EXPERT OPINION We suggest aminoadamantanes as future therapies for amelioration of short- and long-term consequences of a COVID 19 infection. Particularly the extended-release amantadine formulations will be suitable. They showed better clinical efficacy compared with the conventional available compounds. Amantadine may particularly be suitable for amelioration of fatigue or chronic exhaustion, memantine for improvement of cognitive deficits. Clinical research in patients, who are affected by the short- and long-term consequences of a COVID 19 infection, is warranted to confirm these still hypothetical putative beneficial effects of aminoadamantanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weissensee, Gartenstr. 1, 13088, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Kuhn
- Department of Neurology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Gustav Adolf Str. 8, 97422, Schweinfurt, Germany
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Jin L, Zhang J, Hua X, Xu X, Li J, Wang J, Wang M, Liu H, Qiu H, Chen M, Zhang X, Wang Y, Huang Z. Astrocytic SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and axonal demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting GDNF signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:759. [PMID: 36055989 PMCID: PMC9440144 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are important components of the innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS), involving in the inflammatory and neurotoxic responses that occur in CNS diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have shown that SARM1 plays a critical role in axonal degeneration and inflammation. However, the detailed role of astrocytic SARM1 in MS remains unclear. Here, we established the MS model of mice - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and found that SARM1 was upregulated in astrocytes of the spinal cords of EAE mice. Moreover, conditional knockout of astrocytic SARM1 (SARM1GFAP-CKO mice, SARM1Aldh1L1-CKO mice) delayed EAE with later onset, alleviated the inflammatory infiltration, and inhibited the demyelination and neuronal death. Mechanically, RNA-seq revealed that the expression of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was upregulated in SARM1-/- astrocytes. Western blot and immunostaining further confirmed the upregulation of GDNF in spinal cord astrocytes of SARM1GFAP-CKO EAE mice. Interestingly, the downregulation of GDNF by streptozotocin (STZ, a drug used to downregulate GDNF) treatment worsened the deficits of SARM1GFAP-CKO EAE mice. These findings identify that astrocytic SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and axonal demyelination in EAE by inhibiting the expression of GDNF, reveal the novel role of SARM1/GDNF signaling in EAE, and provide new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingting Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, and Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital,, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mianxian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoyu Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Man Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Pharmacy, and Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital,, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
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Saeedi M, Mehranfar F. Challenges and approaches of drugs such as Memantine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine and Aducanumab in the treatment, control and management of Alzheimer's disease. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2022; 16:102-121. [PMID: 35236274 DOI: 10.2174/1872208316666220302115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kinds of neuropsychiatric illnesses that affect the central nervous system. In this disease, the accumulation of amyloid-beta increases, and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) protein, one of the ways to treat this disease is to reduce the accumulation of amyloid-beta. Various studies have demonstrated that pharmacological approaches have considerable effects in the treatment of AD, despite the side effects and challenges. Cholinesterase inhibitors and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine are presently authorized therapies for AD. Memantine and Donepezil are the most common drugs for the prevention and therapy of AD with mechanisms such as lessened β-amyloid plaque, effect on N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Diminution glutamate and elevated acetylcholine are some of the influences of medications administrated to treat AD, and drugs can also play a role in slowing the progression of cognitive and memory impairment. A new pharmacological approach and strategy is required to control the future of AD. This review appraises the effects of memantine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and aducanumab in clinical trials, in vitro and animal model studies that have explored how these drugs versus AD development and also discuss possible mechanisms of influence on the brain. Research in clinical trials has substantial findings that support the role of these medications in AD treatment and ameliorate the safety and efficacy of AD therapy, although more clinical trials are required to prove their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeedi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehranfar
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Bhuvanendran S, Paudel YN, Kumari Y, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Embelin prevents amyloid-beta accumulation via modulation of SOD1 in a Streptozotocin-induced AD-like condition: An evidence from in vitro investigation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Liu H, Hu X, Jiang R, Cai J, Lin Q, Fan Z, Zhao P, Wang S, Zou C, Du W, Dong Z, Liu Y. CQMUH-011 Inhibits LPS-Induced Microglia Activation and Ameliorates Brain Ischemic Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2021; 44:1345-1358. [PMID: 33528726 PMCID: PMC8285337 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. CQMUH-011, as a novel adamantane sulfonamide compound, has been shown anti-inflammatory properties in activated macrophages (RAW264.7). However, the role of CQMUH-011 in microglial activation-induced neuroinflammation and neuroprotective properties has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of CQMUH-011 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary microglia in vitro and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO)-induced acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. The results demonstrated that CQMUH-011 significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β by LPS-stimulated primary microglia. In addition, CQMUH-011 inhibited the proliferation of activated microglia by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase accompanied by downregulating the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1. CQMUH-011 was seen to induce apoptosis in activated microglia by regulating the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Furthermore, CQMUH-011 markedly attenuated the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) as well as the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB) subunit p65, inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IκBα), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinases. In vivo, CQMUH-011 administration significantly improved neurological function and infarct volume, and ameliorated the inflammatory cytokines and microglia amount around the injury site of mice. In conclusion, these results suggested that CQMUH-011 has a notable anti-inflammatory effect and protects mice from I/R injure. Thus, CQMUH-011 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Xiangnan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianghui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhiguo Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Chunqiao Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Weimin Du
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingju Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Alomar SY, Gheit REAE, Enan ET, El-Bayoumi KS, Shoaeir MZ, Elkazaz AY, Al Thagfan SS, Zaitone SA, El-Sayed RM. Novel Mechanism for Memantine in Attenuating Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Mice via Downregulating the Spinal HMGB1/TRL4/NF-kB Inflammatory Axis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040307. [PMID: 33915770 PMCID: PMC8065430 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common diabetic complication that currently lacks an efficient therapy. The aim of the current work was to uncover the anti-allodynic and neuroprotective effects of memantine in a model of mouse diabetic neuropathy and its ameliorative effect on the high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-k B (NF-kB) inflammatory axis. Diabetes was prompted by an alloxan injection (180 mg/kg) to albino mice. On the ninth week after diabetes induction, DNP was confirmed. Diabetic mice were randomly allocated to two groups (six mice each); a diabetes mellitus (DM) group and DM+memantine group (10 mg/kg, daily) for five weeks. DNP-related behaviors were assessed in terms of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia by hot-plate and von Frey filaments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure the spinal glutamate, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The spinal levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate type 1 receptor (NMDAR1), HMGB1, TLR4, and phosphorylated NF-kB were assessed using Western blotting. Histopathological investigation of the spinal cord and sciatic nerves, together with the spinal cord ultrastructure, was employed for assessment of the neuroprotective effect. Memantine alleviated pain indicators in diabetic mice and suppressed excessive NMDAR1 activation, glutamate, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the spinal cord. The current study validated the ability of memantine to combat the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB axis and modulate overactive glutamate spinal transmission, corroborating memantine as an appealing therapeutic target in DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Y. Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.Y.A.); (S.A.Z.)
| | - Rehab E. Abo El Gheit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Eman T. Enan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Khaled S. El-Bayoumi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Z. Shoaeir
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Al-Azhar Asyut Faculty of Medicine for Men, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Amany Y. Elkazaz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Sultan S. Al Thagfan
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.Y.A.); (S.A.Z.)
| | - Rehab M. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish, North Sinai 45511, Egypt;
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Engin AB, Engin A. Risk of Alzheimer's disease and environmental bisphenol A exposure. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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CQMUH-011 Inhibits LPS-Induced Microglia Activation and Ameliorates Brain Ischemic Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2021. [PMID: 33528726 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01420-3.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. CQMUH-011, as a novel adamantane sulfonamide compound, has been shown anti-inflammatory properties in activated macrophages (RAW264.7). However, the role of CQMUH-011 in microglial activation-induced neuroinflammation and neuroprotective properties has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of CQMUH-011 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary microglia in vitro and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO)-induced acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. The results demonstrated that CQMUH-011 significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β by LPS-stimulated primary microglia. In addition, CQMUH-011 inhibited the proliferation of activated microglia by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase accompanied by downregulating the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1. CQMUH-011 was seen to induce apoptosis in activated microglia by regulating the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Furthermore, CQMUH-011 markedly attenuated the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) as well as the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB) subunit p65, inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IκBα), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinases. In vivo, CQMUH-011 administration significantly improved neurological function and infarct volume, and ameliorated the inflammatory cytokines and microglia amount around the injury site of mice. In conclusion, these results suggested that CQMUH-011 has a notable anti-inflammatory effect and protects mice from I/R injure. Thus, CQMUH-011 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia patients.
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Zu HB, Liu XY, Yao K. DHCR24 overexpression modulates microglia polarization and inflammatory response via Akt/GSK3β signaling in Aβ 25-35 treated BV-2 cells. Life Sci 2020; 260:118470. [PMID: 32950573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microglial phenotypic polarization, divided into pro-inflammatory "M1" phenotype and anti-inflammatory "M2" phenotype, played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Facilitating microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype was shown to alleviate AD-associate pathologic damage, and modulator of the microglial phenotype has become a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. Previous little evidence showed that DHCR24 (3-β-hydroxysteroid-Δ-24-reductase), also known as seladin-1 (selective Alzheimer's disease indicator-1), exerted potential anti-inflammatory property, however, the link between DHCR24 and microglial polarization has never been reported. Thus, the role of DHCR24 in microglial polarization in amyloid-beta 25-35 (Aβ25-35) treated BV-2 cells was evaluated in this study. Our results demonstrated that Aβ25-35 aggravated inflammatory response and facilitated the transition of microglia phenotype from M2 to M1 in BV-2 cells, by upregulating M1 marker (i-NOS, IL-1β and TNF-α) and downregulating M2 marker (arginase-1, IL-4 and TGF-β). DHCR24 overexpression by lentivirus transfection could significantly reverse these effects, meanwhile, activated Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway via increasing the protein expression of P-Akt and P-GSK3β. Furthermore, when co-treated with Akt inhibitor MK2206, the effect of DHCR24 was obviously reversed. The study exhibited the neuroprotective function of DHCR24 in AD-related inflammatory injury and provided a novel therapeutic target for AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Bing Zu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xin-Ying Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
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Yick LW, Tang CH, Ma OKF, Kwan JSC, Chan KH. Memantine ameliorates motor impairments and pathologies in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:236. [PMID: 32782018 PMCID: PMC7418436 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases characterized by recurrent episodes of acute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) autoantibodies, which target the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on astrocytic membrane, are pathogenic in NMOSD. Glutamate excitotoxicity, which is triggered by internalization of AQP4-glutamate transporter complex after AQP4-IgG binding to astrocytes, is involved in early NMOSD pathophysiologies. We studied the effects of memantine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on motor impairments and spinal cord pathologies in mice which received human AQP4-IgG. Methods Purified IgG from AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD patients were passively transferred to adult C57BL/6 mice with disrupted blood-brain barrier. Memantine was administered by oral gavage. Motor impairments of the mice were assessed by beam walking test. Spinal cords of the mice were assessed by immunofluorescence and ELISA. Results Oral administration of memantine ameliorated the motor impairments induced by AQP4-IgG, no matter the treatment was initiated before (preventive) or after (therapeutic) disease flare. Memantine profoundly reduced AQP4 and astrocyte loss, and attenuated demyelination and axonal loss in the spinal cord of mice which had received AQP4-IgG. The protective effects of memantine were associated with inhibition of apoptosis and suppression of neuroinflammation, with decrease in microglia activation and neutrophil infiltration and reduction of increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, memantine elevated growth factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the spinal cord. Conclusions Our findings support that glutamate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation play important roles in complement-independent pathophysiology during early development of NMOSD lesions, and highlight the potential of oral memantine as a therapeutic agent in NMOSD acute attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leung-Wah Yick
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ho Tang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Oscar Ka-Fai Ma
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jason Shing-Cheong Kwan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Koon-Ho Chan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. .,Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Bagaméry F, Varga K, Kecsmár K, Vincze I, Szökő É, Tábi T. Lack of insulin resistance in response to streptozotocin treatment in neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 127:71-80. [PMID: 31858268 PMCID: PMC6942577 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it is suggested that brain insulin resistance may contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease; therefore, there is a high interest in its investigation. Streptozotocin (STZ) is often used to induce dysregulation of glucose and insulin metabolism in animal and cell culture models. Alteration in insulin sensitivity however, has not yet been assessed in neuronal cells after STZ treatment. We aimed at studying the concentration dependence of the protective effect of insulin on STZ-induced damage using SH-SY5Y cell line. Cells were treated with STZ and cell viability was assessed by resazurin reduction and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Low serum (LS) medium was used as control damage. The effect of various concentrations (30, 100, 300, 1000 nM) of insulin was studied on cell viability and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) phosphorylation, an indicator of insulin signaling. STZ induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, its 1 mM concentration exerted a low, gradually developing damage. The cytoprotective effect of insulin was demonstrated in both STZ and LS groups. Its maximal effect was lower in the STZ-treated cells; however, its effective concentration remained largely unaltered. Insulin-induced GSK-3 phosphorylation was similar in the STZ- and LS-treated cells suggesting unchanged insulin signaling. Our present results indicate that STZ does not induce significant impairment in insulin sensitivity in SH-SY5Y cells, thus in this cell line it is not a good tool for studying the role of insulin resistance in neurodegeneration and to examine protective agents acting by improving insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Bagaméry
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Varga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Kitti Kecsmár
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - István Vincze
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
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Neurotoxic astrocytes express the d-serine synthesizing enzyme, serine racemase, in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104511. [PMID: 31212068 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although β-amyloid plaques are a well-recognized hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, no drugs reducing amyloid burden have shown efficacy in clinical trials, suggesting that once AD symptoms emerge, disease progression becomes independent of Aβ production. Reactive astrocytes are another neuropathological feature of AD, where there is an emergence of neurotoxic (A1) reactive astrocytes. We find that serine racemase (SR), the neuronal enzyme that produces the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist d-serine, is robustly expressed in A1-reactive neurotoxic astrocytes in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of AD subjects and an AD rat model. Furthermore, we observe intracellular signaling changes consistent with increased extra-synaptic NMDAR activation, excitotoxicity and decreased neuronal survival. Thus, reducing neurotoxic d-serine release from A1 inflammatory astrocytes could have therapeutic benefit for mild to advanced AD, when anti-amyloid strategies are ineffective.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this article is to highlight the potential role of the galantamine-memantine combination as a novel antioxidant treatment for schizophrenia. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to the well-known mechanisms of action of galantamine and memantine, these medications also have antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an interplay exists between oxidative stress, inflammation (redox-inflammatory hypothesis), and kynurenine pathway metabolites. Also, there is an interaction between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Oxidative stress may be associated with positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms and impairments in white matter integrity in schizophrenia. The antipsychotic-galantamine-memantine combination may provide a novel strategy in schizophrenia to treat positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms. SUMMARY A "single antioxidant" may be inadequate to counteract the complex cascade of oxidative stress. The galantamine-memantine combination as "double antioxidants" is promising. Hence, randomized controlled trials are warranted with the antipsychotic-galantamine-memantine combination with oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in schizophrenia.
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Memantine Rescues Neurosyphilis-Related Schizophrenic-like Features and Cognitive Deficit. Clin Neuropharmacol 2019; 42:133-135. [PMID: 31135390 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurosyphilis, an infectious neuroinflammatory disorder, could cause diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms mimicking disorders of schizophrenia and dementia; hence, it is known as the "chameleon of psychiatry." Here, we present a subject with neurosyphilis with schizophrenic features and share the treatment outcome. METHODS A 42-year-old single man had schizophrenic-like features and cognitive dysfunction for 1 year. Neurosyphilis was confirmed by a cerebral spinal fluid study. The brain image revealed multiple punctuated white matter gliosis in the bilateral frontal lobes and old lacunar infarctions in the bilateral basal hippocampus. The neuropsychiatric functions were declined until adjunctive memantine therapy. RESULTS With the add-on therapy of memantine 10 mg daily, the psychotic and dementic symptoms markedly improved, and the patient recovered to the premorbid state in the 2-year follow-up course. CONCLUSIONS Memantine has an adjunctive effect on neurosyphilis-related neuropsychiatric disorder via modulation of the glutamatergic neurotransmission and microglia-induced neuroinflammation.
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Delikkaya B, Moriel N, Tong M, Gallucci G, de la Monte SM. Altered expression of insulin-degrading enzyme and regulator of calcineurin in the rat intracerebral streptozotocin model and human apolipoprotein E-ε4-associated Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:392-404. [PMID: 31193223 PMCID: PMC6522644 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assesses insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) as potential mediators of brain insulin deficiency and neurodegeneration in experimental and human Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Temporal lobes from Long Evans rats treated with intracerebral streptozotocin or vehicle and postmortem frontal lobes from humans with normal aging AD (Braak 0-2), moderate (Braak 3-4) AD, or advanced (Braak 5-6) AD were used to measure IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein. RESULTS Intracerebral streptozotocin significantly increased IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein. In humans with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 and AD, IDE was elevated at Braak 3-4, but at Braak 5-6, IDE expression was significantly reduced. RCAN1 mRNA was similarly reduced in ApoE ε4+ patients with moderate or severe AD, whereas RCAN1 protein declined with the severity of AD and ApoE ε4 dose. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that IDE and RCAN1 differentially modulate brain insulin signaling in relation to AD severity and ApoE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Delikkaya
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Natalia Moriel
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gina Gallucci
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +401-444-7364; Fax: +401-444-2939.
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Rodrigues L, Wartchow KM, Suardi LZ, Federhen BC, Selistre NG, Gonçalves CA. Streptozotocin causes acute responses on hippocampal S100B and BDNF proteins linked to glucose metabolism alterations. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:85-93. [PMID: 31009650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) is a glucosamine-nitrosourea commonly used to induce long-lasting models of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Direct toxicity of STZ on the pancreas and kidneys has been well characterized, but the acute effect of this compound on brain tissue has received less attention. Herein, we investigated the acute and direct toxicity of STZ on fresh hippocampal slices, measuring changes in BDNF and S100B secretion (two widely-used peripheral markers of brain injury), as well as glucose metabolism. Moreover, we investigated in vivo changes of these proteins in the hippocampus, 48 h after intracerebroventricular STZ administration. Transverse hippocampal slices (0.3 mm thick) were obtained using a McIlwain tissue chopper and target proteins were measured in the incubation medium by ELISA. STZ decreased S100B secretion, but increased BDNF secretion as well as causing impairment in glucose uptake in hippocampal slices, measured using [3H] deoxy-glucose. Glucose levels and glucose metabolism differentially modulated S100B secretion in astrocytes and BDNF secretion in neurons, when evaluated under specific conditions (high-potassium medium, presence of tetrodotoxin or fluorocitrate). Moreover, at 48 h after intracerebroventricular STZ, hippocampal BDNF content, but not S100B, was reduced. Our results indicate that BDNF and S100B are useful and sensitive markers of glucose metabolism disturbance and reinforce these proteins as general acute markers of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Zingano Suardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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EphrinB/EphB forward signaling in Müller cells causes apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells by increasing tumor necrosis factor alpha production in rat experimental glaucomatous model. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:111. [PMID: 30355282 PMCID: PMC6201539 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It was previously shown that EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is activated and involved in RGC apoptosis in a rat chronic ocular hypertension (COH) model. In the present work, we first show that ephrinB/EphB forward signaling was activated in COH retinas, and RGC apoptosis in COH retinas was reduced by PP2, an inhibitor of ephrinB/EphB forward signaling. We further demonstrate that treatment of cultured Müller cells with ephrinB1-Fc, an EphB1 activator, or intravitreal injection of ephrinB1-Fc in normal rats induced an increase in phosphorylated EphB levels in these cells, indicating the activation of ephrinB/EphB forward signaling, similar to those in COH retinas. The ephrinB1-Fc treatment did not induce Müller cell gliosis, as evidenced by unchanged GFAP expression, but significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Müller cells, thereby promoting RGC apoptosis. Production of TNF-α induced by the activation of ephrinB/EphB forward signaling was mediated by the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors, which was followed by a distinct PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, as pharmacological interference of each step of this pathway caused a reduction of TNF-α production, thus attenuating RGC apoptosis. Functional analysis of forward and reverse signaling in such a unique system, in which ephrin and Eph exist respectively in a glial element and a neuronal element, is of theoretical importance. Moreover, our results also raise a possibility that suppression of ephrinB/EphB forward signaling may be a new strategy for ameliorating RGC apoptosis in glaucoma.
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Hamidovic A, Candelaria L, Rodriguez I, Yamada M, Nawarskas J, Burge MR. Learning and memory performance following acute intranasal insulin administration in abstinent smokers. Hum Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:e2649. [PMID: 29363182 PMCID: PMC6005370 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The highest incidence of relapse to smoking occurs within the first 2 weeks of a cessation attempt. In addition to enhanced nicotine craving, this phase of smoking cessation is also marked by learning and memory dysfunction. Many smokers are not able to overcome these symptoms, and they relapse to smoking shortly after trying to quit. In two clinical studies, we evaluated intranasal insulin for efficacy in improving learning and memory function during nicotine withdrawal. Our first study was a crossover evaluation (N = 19) following 20 hr of smoking abstinence. Study 2 was a parallel design study (N = 50) following 16 hr of abstinence. Intranasal insulin (60 IU) dose was administered in both studies and cognitive function was measured using California Verbal Learning Test-II. Intranasal insulin did not improve learning over the 5 verbal learning trials. In addition, intranasal insulin did not improve either short- or long-delay recall in either study. In summary, the one-time administration of intranasal insulin does not improve verbal learning and memory in smokers. Whether longer administration schedules may be of benefit should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajna Hamidovic
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Mikiko Yamada
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Mark R Burge
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, Gómez-Mínguez Y, Cabrera H, Busquets O, Beas-Zarate C, García ML, Carro E, Casadesus G, Auladell C, Vázquez Carrera M, Folch J, Camins A. Peripheral and Central Effects of Memantine in a Mixed Preclinical Mice Model of Obesity and Familial Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7327-7339. [PMID: 29404958 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that obesity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and aging are risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms through which obesity interacts with β-amyloid (Aβ) to promote cognitive decline remains poorly understood. Memantine (MEM), a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is currently used for the treatment of AD. Nonetheless, few studies have reported its effects on genetic preclinical models of this neurodegenerative disease exacerbated with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Therefore, the present research aims to elucidate the effects of MEM on familial AD HFD-induced insulin resistance and learning and memory impairment. Furthermore, it aspires to determine the possible underlying mechanisms that connect AD to T2DM. Wild type and APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were used in this study. The animals were fed with either chow or HFD until 6 months of age, and they were treated with MEM-supplemented water (30 mg/kg) during the last 12 weeks. Our study demonstrates that MEM improves the metabolic consequences produced by HFD in this model of familial AD. Behavioural assessments confirmed that the treatment also improves animals learning abilities and decreases memory loss. Moreover, MEM treatment improves brain insulin signalling upregulating AKT, as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (CREB) expression, and modulates the amyloidogenic pathway, which, in turn, reduced the accumulation of Aβ. Moreover, this drug increases the activation of molecules involved with insulin signalling in the liver, such as insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), which is a key protein regulating hepatic resistance to insulin. These results provide new insight into the role of MEM not only in the occurrence of AD treatment, but also in its potential application on peripheral metabolic disorders where Aβ plays a key role, as is the case of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociencias, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gómez-Mínguez
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrry Cabrera
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociencias, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, C.U.C.B.A, Universidad de Guadalajara and División de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Carme Auladell
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez Carrera
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Neurociencias, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wang CC, Wee HY, Hu CY, Chio CC, Kuo JR. The Effects of Memantine on Glutamic Receptor-Associated Nitrosative Stress in a Traumatic Brain Injury Rat Model. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:e719-e731. [PMID: 29382619 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main aim of this study is to elucidate whether the neuroprotective effect of memantine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) antagonist, affects neuronal nitrosative stress, apoptosis, and NR2B expression and improves functional outcomes. METHODS Immediately after the onset of fluid percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI), anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + memantine groups. TBI rats were treated with a memantine intraperitoneal injection dose of 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally and then 1 mg/kg every 12 hours intraperitoneally for 6 doses. The motor function, proprioception, infarction volume, and neuronal apoptosis were then measured. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate astrogliosis, microgliosis, nitrosative stress, and NR2A and NR2B expression in cortical cells. All the parameters were assessed 72 hours after TBI. RESULTS Compared with the sham-operated controls, the TBI-induced motor and proprioception deficits, and increased infraction volume after TBI were significantly attenuated by memantine therapy. The TBI-induced neuronal apoptosis, astrogliosis, and microgliosis, the numbers of neuronal NO synthase and 3-nitro-l-tyrosine expression in neurons, and inducible NO synthase expression in microglia and astrocyte cells in the ischemic cortex after TBI were significantly improved by memantine therapy. Simultaneously, without affecting the NR2A expression in neuronal cells, the NR2B expression significantly decreased after memantine therapy, as evaluated by an immunofluorescence stain. CONCLUSIONS Intraperitoneal injection of memantine in the acute stage may ameliorate TBI in rats by affecting NR2B expression and decreasing neuronal apoptosis and nitrosative stress in the injured cortex. These effects might represent 1 mechanism by which functional recovery occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yue Wee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ya Hu
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Chio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Rung Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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22
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Bassani TB, Turnes JM, Moura ELR, Bonato JM, Cóppola-Segovia V, Zanata SM, Oliveira RMMW, Vital MABF. Effects of curcumin on short-term spatial and recognition memory, adult neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of dementia of Alzheimer's type. Behav Brain Res 2017; 335:41-54. [PMID: 28801114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenol with evidence of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Recent evidence also suggests that curcumin increases cognitive performance in animal models of dementia, and this effect would be related to its capacity to enhance adult neurogenesis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that curcumin treatment would be able to preserve cognition by increasing neurogenesis and decreasing neuroinflammation in the model of dementia of Alzheimer's type induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in Wistar rats. The animals were injected with ICV-STZ or vehicle and curcumin treatments (25, 50 and 100mg/kg, gavage) were performed for 30days. Four weeks after surgery, STZ-lesioned animals exhibited impairments in short-term spatial memory (Object Location Test (OLT) and Y maze) and short-term recognition memory (Object Recognition Test - ORT), decreased cell proliferation and immature neurons (Ki-67- and doublecortin-positive cells, respectively) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus, and increased immunoreactivity for the glial markers GFAP and Iba-1 (neuroinflammation). Curcumin treatment in the doses of 50 and 100mg/kg prevented the deficits in recognition memory in the ORT, but not in spatial memory in the OLT and Y maze. Curcumin treatment exerted only slight improvements in neuroinflammation, resulting in no improvements in hippocampal and subventricular neurogenesis. These results suggest a positive effect of curcumin in object recognition memory which was not related to hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taysa B Bassani
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Joelle M Turnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Eric L R Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Jéssica M Bonato
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Rúbia M M W Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Maria A B F Vital
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
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