1
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Ito S, Chiba S, Konuma J. Overcoming the congenitally disadvantageous mutation through adaptation to environmental UV exposure in land snails. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230356. [PMID: 37990565 PMCID: PMC10663782 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital fitness-disadvantageous mutations are not maintained in the population; they are purged from the population through processes such as purifying selection. However, these mutations could persist in the population as polymorphisms when it is advantageous for the individuals carrying them in adapting to a specific external environment. We tested this hypothesis using the dimorphic land snail Euhadra peliomphala simodae in Japan; these snails have dark or bright coloured shells. The survival rate of dark snails at hatching was lower than that of the bright ones, as observed in the F1 progenies produced through crossing. Dark snails have a congenital fitness-disadvantageous mutation; however, they also have protection against ultraviolet radiation. They have a higher survival rate than the bright snails in a UV environment, as observed using the UV exposure experiments and UV transmittance measurements. This is a good example of a congenitally disadvantageous mutation that is advantageous for adapting to the external environment. These results explain the maintenance of polymorphism and highlight the genotypic and phenotypic diversity in the wild population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ito
- Izu Oshima Geopark Promotion Committee Office, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junji Konuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Woo SY, Foon JK, Liew TS. Exploring the predation of large land snails using preyed shell remains from rock anvil sites in a tropical limestone rainforest in Malaysia. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e90063. [PMID: 36761581 PMCID: PMC9836610 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e90063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of prey-predator interactions between land snails and birds offers important insights into evolutionary and ecological relationships. Here, we report a case study of rock anvils presumably used by the birds Myophonuscaeruleus and Enicurusruficapillus in a cave cavity of a limestone hill in Malaysia. We did not detect any other species in the plots and, therefore, based on our short study duration, we cannot rule out the possibility that other species, such as mammals, preyed on the snails. The predated shell remains of four land snails namely, Hemiplecta sp., Cyclophorusperdixperdix, Amphidromusatricallosusperakensis and Cyclophorussemisulcatus, were found around rock anvils in the nine plots. Finally, we discussed the potential and the limitations of using shell remains of preyed land snails for behavioural, ecological and evolutionary studies between land snails and their predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Yin Woo
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, MalaysiaInstitute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluMalaysia
| | - Junn Kitt Foon
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, AustraliaAustralian Museum Research Institute, Australian MuseumSydneyAustralia
| | - Thor-Seng Liew
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, MalaysiaInstitute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluMalaysia
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3
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Dahirel M, Proux M, Gérard C, Ansart A. Morph‐dependent nematode infection and its association with host movement in the land snail
Cepaea nemoralis
(Mollusca, Gastropoda). J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Dahirel
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA Sophia‐Antipolis France
- Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - M. Proux
- Univ Rennes, UR1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution), UMR 6553 Rennes France
| | - C. Gérard
- Univ Rennes, UR1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution), UMR 6553 Rennes France
| | - A. Ansart
- Univ Rennes, UR1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution), UMR 6553 Rennes France
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4
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Barman H, Paul P, Shee A, Maitra Mazumdar S, Datta Mudi S, Aditya G. Distribution of an arboreal snail, Rhachistia bengalensis (Lamarck, 1822) in managed and unmanaged habitats: implications for conservation. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Ito S, Hirano T, Chiba S, Konuma J. Shell colour diversification induced by ecological release: A shift in natural selection after a migration event. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15534-15544. [PMID: 34824773 PMCID: PMC8601913 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological release is often attributed to the rapid adaptive diversification of phenotypic traits. However, it is not well understood how natural selection changes its strength and direction through the process of ecological release. Herein, we demonstrated how shell colour of the Japanese land snail Euhadra peliomphala simodae has diversified via a shift in natural selection due to ecological release after migration from the mainland to an island. This snail's shell colour diversified on the island due to disruptive selection after migration from the mainland. We used trail camera traps to identify the cause of natural selection on both the mainland and the island. We then conducted a mark-recapture experiment while collecting microhabitat use data. In total, we captured and marked around 1,700 snails on the mainland, some of which were preyed upon by an unknown predator. The trail camera traps showed that the predator is the large Japanese field mouse Apodemus speciosus, and the predatory frequency was higher on the mainland than on the island. However, this predation did not correlate with shell colour. Microhabitat use on the island was more extensive than on the mainland, with snails on the island using both ground and arboreal microhabitats. A Bayesian estimation showed that the stabilizing selection on shell colour came from factors other than predation. Our results suggest that the course of natural selection was modified due to ecological release after migration from the mainland, explaining one cause of the phenotypic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ito
- Graduate School of Life ScienceTohoku UniversityMiyagiJapan
| | - Takahiro Hirano
- Graduate School of Life ScienceTohoku UniversityMiyagiJapan
- Center for Northeast Asian StudiesTohoku UniversityMiyagiJapan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Graduate School of Life ScienceTohoku UniversityMiyagiJapan
- Center for Northeast Asian StudiesTohoku UniversityMiyagiJapan
| | - Junji Konuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceToho UniversityChibaJapan
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6
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Köhler H, Capowiez Y, Mazzia C, Eckstein H, Kaczmarek N, Bilton MC, Burmester JKY, Capowiez L, Chueca LJ, Favilli L, Florit Gomila J, Manganelli G, Mazzuca S, Moreno‐Rueda G, Peschke K, Piro A, Quintana Cardona J, Sawallich L, Staikou AE, Thomassen HA, Triebskorn R. Experimental simulation of environmental warming selects against pigmented morphs of land snails. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1111-1130. [PMID: 33598118 PMCID: PMC7863387 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In terrestrial snails, thermal selection acts on shell coloration. However, the biological relevance of small differences in the intensity of shell pigmentation and the associated thermodynamic, physiological, and evolutionary consequences for snail diversity within the course of environmental warming are still insufficiently understood. To relate temperature-driven internal heating, protein and membrane integrity impairment, escape behavior, place of residence selection, water loss, and mortality, we used experimentally warmed open-top chambers and field observations with a total of >11,000 naturally or experimentally colored individuals of the highly polymorphic species Theba pisana (O.F. MÜller, 1774). We show that solar radiation in their natural Mediterranean habitat in Southern France poses intensifying thermal stress on increasingly pigmented snails that cannot be compensated for by behavioral responses. Individuals of all morphs acted neither jointly nor actively competed in climbing behavior, but acted similarly regardless of neighbor pigmentation intensity. Consequently, dark morphs progressively suffered from high internal temperatures, oxidative stress, and a breakdown of the chaperone system. Concomitant with increasing water loss, mortality increased with more intense pigmentation under simulated global warming conditions. In parallel with an increase in mean ambient temperature of 1.34°C over the past 30 years, the mortality rate of pigmented individuals in the field is, currently, about 50% higher than that of white morphs. A further increase of 1.12°C, as experimentally simulated in our study, would elevate this rate by another 26%. For 34 T. pisana populations from locations that are up to 2.7°C warmer than our experimental site, we show that both the frequency of pigmented morphs and overall pigmentation intensity decrease with an increase in average summer temperatures. We therefore predict a continuing strong decline in the frequency of pigmented morphs and a decrease in overall pigmentation intensity with ongoing global change in areas with strong solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz‐R. Köhler
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute for Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Christophe Mazzia
- Mediterranean Institute of Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE) UMR 7263AMU, CNRSUniversité d´AvignonAvignon Cedex 9France
| | - Helene Eckstein
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute for Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nils Kaczmarek
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute for Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Mark C. Bilton
- Namibian University of Science and TechnologyWindhoekNamibia
| | - Janne K. Y. Burmester
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute for Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Luis J. Chueca
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell BiologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
| | - Leonardo Favilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'AmbienteSezione di Scienze AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di SienaSienaItaly
| | | | - Giuseppe Manganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'AmbienteSezione di Scienze AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di SienaSienaItaly
| | - Silvia Mazzuca
- Lab of Plant Biology and Plant ProteomicsDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
| | | | - Katharina Peschke
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute for Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Amalia Piro
- Lab of Plant Biology and Plant ProteomicsDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
| | - Josep Quintana Cardona
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel CrusafontUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaEdifici ICTA‐ICP, campus de la UABBarcelonaSpain
- Ciutadella de MenorcaIlles BalearsSpain
| | - Lilith Sawallich
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute for Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Alexandra E. Staikou
- Department of ZoologySchool of BiologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Henri A. Thomassen
- Comparative ZoologyInstitute for Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute for Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Steinbeis‐Transfer Centre for Ecotoxicology and EcophysiologyRottenburgGermany
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7
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Dahirel M, Gaudu V, Ansart A. Boldness and exploration vary between shell morphs but not environmental contexts in the snail
Cepaea nemoralis. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dahirel
- Univ Rennes CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
- INRAE CNRS ISA Université Côte d’Azur Sophia‐Antipolis France
| | - Valentin Gaudu
- Univ Rennes CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
| | - Armelle Ansart
- Univ Rennes CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
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8
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Cameron RAD, von Proschwitz T. Cepaea nemoralis (L.) On Öland, Sweden: recent invasion and unexpected variation. FOLIA MALACOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.12657/folmal.028.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cepaea nemoralis is a recently introduced species on Öland. Discounting an early and debateable record, the species has been recorded only in the 21st century, despite intensive earlier faunistic surveys. A recent survey has yielded records from the whole length of the island (137 km), but the majority of known populations are in its southern half, most particularly around the settlements of Mörbylånga, Gräsgård and Färjestaden. Populations are usually in anthropogenic habitats. Most appear small and isolated by less disturbed areas. Nearly all samples are polymorphic for both colour and banding morphs, and the variation among populations is low when compared with similar sets from other places where recent colonisation has occurred. There is no latitudinal variation in morph frequencies, nor is any spatial autocorrelation apparent. While a relatively uniform and rigorous selection regime could account for the patterns seen, a single initial introduction followed by transport of propagules large enough to minimise founder effects is also possible.
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9
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Cameron RAD, von Proschwitz T. Cepaea nemoralis (L.) on Gotland, Sweden: spread and variation. FOLIA MALACOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.12657/folmal.027.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Schweizer M, Triebskorn R, Köhler H. Snails in the sun: Strategies of terrestrial gastropods to cope with hot and dry conditions. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12940-12960. [PMID: 31788227 PMCID: PMC6875674 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial gastropods do not only inhabit humid and cool environments but also habitat in which hot and dry conditions prevail. Snail species that are able to cope with such climatic conditions are thus expected to having developed multifaceted strategies and mechanisms to ensure their survival and reproduction under heat and desiccation stress. This review paper aims to provide an integrative overview of the numerous adaptation strategies terrestrial snails have evolved to persist in hot and dry environments as well as their mutual interconnections and feedbacks, but also to outline research gaps and questions that remained unanswered. We extracted relevant information from more than 140 publications in order to show how biochemical, cellular, physiological, morphological, ecological, thermodynamic, and evolutionary parameters contribute to provide an overall picture of this classical example in stress ecology. These mechanisms range from behavioral and metabolic adaptations, including estivation, to the induction of chaperones and antioxidant enzymes, mucocyte and digestive gland cell responses and the modification and frequency of morphological features, particularly shell pigmentation. In this context, thermodynamic constraints call for processes of complex adaptation at varying levels of biological organization that are mutually interwoven. We were able to assemble extensive, mostly narrowly focused information from the literature into a web of network parameters, showing that future work on this subject requires multicausal thinking to account for the complexity of relationships involved in snails' adaptation to insolation, heat, and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Schweizer
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Steinbeis Transfer Center for Ecotoxicology and EcophysiologyRottenburgGermany
| | - Heinz‐R. Köhler
- Animal Physiological EcologyInstitute of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
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11
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Kwieciński Z, Rosin ZM, Jankowiak Ł, Sparks TH, Tryjanowski P. Thrush anvils are calcium source hotspots for many bird species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most important elements determining reproductive success in birds, and snail shells are a well-known source of calcium for egg-laying females. In Europe, song thrushes, Turdus philomelos, break snails open at locations called anvils, eat the soft parts and leave the broken shells. Based on observational studies in 2011–2017 in western Poland, we showed that thrush anvils were visited by 54 other bird species (mainly smaller species) that collected the broken shell fragments. The frequency of visits to anvils differed among species and changed over the course of the breeding season, but anvils were especially used by females during the pre-laying period. Our study is the first description of such widespread exploitation of thrush anvils by other bird species, and we think that this phenomenon has been overlooked owing to the difficulties in recording anvils located, for example, on single small stones, stumps of felled trees and man-made objects such as glass bottles. We conclude that thrush anvils can be an important source of calcium for many bird species that adapt behaviourally to use these places. Hence, anvils should be recognized as localized hotspots for bird diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Kwieciński
- Department of Avian Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zuzanna M Rosin
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Łukasz Jankowiak
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tim H Sparks
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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12
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Rosin ZM, Kwieciński Z, Lesicki A, Skórka P, Kobak J, Szymańska A, Osiejuk TS, Kałuski T, Jaskulska M, Tryjanowski P. Shell colour, temperature, (micro)habitat structure and predator pressure affect the behaviour of Cepaea nemoralis. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2018; 105:35. [PMID: 29744635 PMCID: PMC5942350 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-018-1560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although shell colour polymorphism of the land snail Cepaea nemoralis is a well-known phenomenon, proximate and ultimate factors driving its evolution remain uncertain. Polymorphic species show variation in behavioural responses to selective forces. Therefore, we estimated effects of various environmental factors (temperature, humidity, food availability, (micro)habitat structure and predatory pressure) on behavioural response (frequency of locomotion, climbing and hiding) of C. nemoralis morphs, in experimental and natural conditions. In the experimental part of study, the frequency of locomotion was negatively affected by temperature and the presence of food and positively influenced by the presence of light. Morphs significantly differed in behavioural responses to environmental variability. Pink mid-banded and yellow five-banded morphs climbed less often and hide in shelter more often than yellow and pink unbanded individuals when temperature was low and food was absent. Snails fed most often at moderate temperature compared to low and high temperatures. Field investigations partially confirmed differences among morphs in frequency of climbing, but not in terms of probability of hiding in sheltered sites. In natural colonies, temperature and (micro)habitat structure significantly affected frequency of climbing as well as hiding in shelter. Snails more often hid in sheltered sites where thrushes preyed on Cepaea. Tendency of unbanded morphs to climb trees may have evolved under avian predatory pressure as thrushes forage on a ground. Tendency of banded morphs to hide in sheltered sites may reflect prey preferences for cryptic background. The results implicate that differential behaviour of C. nemoralis morphs compensate for their morphological and physiological limitations of adaptation to habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Rosin
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, Se, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Zbigniew Kwieciński
- Department of Avian Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lesicki
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobak
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Szymańska
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz S Osiejuk
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kałuski
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Research Centre of Quarantine, Invasive and Genetically Modified Organisms, Wl. Wegorka 20, 60-318, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Jaskulska
- Department of Entomology, Animal Pests & Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, 60-318, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
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13
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von Byern J, Cyran N, Klepal W, Rudoll L, Suppan J, Greistorfer S. The structure of the cutaneous pedal glands in the banded snail Cepaea hortensis (Müller, 1774). J Morphol 2017; 279:187-198. [PMID: 29098722 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although gastropods have been crawling through the ocean and on the land for 60 million years, we still know very little about the sticky mucus produced in their foot. Most research has been focused on marine species in particular and, to a lesser extent, on the well-known terrestrial species Arion vulgaris and Cornu aspersum. Within this study, we aim to characterize the foot anatomy of a smaller representative of the family Helicidae, the banded snail Cepaea hortensis. We are particularly interested in the microanatomy of the foot glands, their position, and the histochemical nature of their secretory content. Characterization of the dorsal foot region of Cepaea hortensis reveals four glands, differing in their size and in the granules produced. Histochemically, three of them react positively for sugars (PAS staining and lectin affinity tests for mannose, glucose and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) and acidic proteins (positive Alcian blue and Toluidine blue staining), indicating the presence of acidic glycosaminoglycans. The fourth gland type does not react to any of these dyes. The ventral pedal region includes two different gland types, which are positive for the presence of acidic glycoproteins, with a lectin affinity for mannose only. A comparison with Helix pomatia indicates differences regarding the number of glands and their contents. In Helix, only three gland types are described in the dorsal region of the foot, which show a similar granular appearance but nevertheless differ in their chemical composition. Congruently, there are two gland types in the ventral region in both species, whereas in Helix an additional sugar moiety is found. This raises the question whether these differences between the pedal glandular systems of both helicid species are the result of protection or size-related adaptations, as they occur in the same habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek von Byern
- Faculty of Life Science, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Cyran
- Faculty of Life Science, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Waltraud Klepal
- Faculty of Life Science, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Livia Rudoll
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Suppan
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Greistorfer
- Faculty of Life Science, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Rosin ZM, Lesicki A, Kwieciński Z, Skórka P, Tryjanowski P. Land snails benefit from human alterations in rural landscapes and habitats. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M. Rosin
- Department of Cell Biology; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Andrzej Lesicki
- Department of Cell Biology; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kwieciński
- Department of Avian Biology and Ecology; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation; Polish Academy of Sciences; Mickiewicza 33 31-120 Krakow Poland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71C 60-625 Poznan Poland
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Knigge T, Di Lellis MA, Monsinjon T, Köhler HR. Relevance of body size and shell colouration for thermal absorption and heat loss in white garden snails, Theba pisana (Helicidae), from Northern France. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:54-63. [PMID: 29037405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The internal temperature of land snails depends on environmental factors, such as exposure to electromagnetic radiation and airflow as well as biotic factors including shell size, shell colouration and thickness or the resting position of the snail. In controlled field experiments, we quantified heating by thermal absorption of light and airflow-induced heat loss in the white garden snail, Theba pisana, from Normandy, France. Heating experiments revealed a significant positive relation of the internal body temperature with illumination period, shell temperature and air temperature at different times of day. The size of the snails was negatively related with both of the given illumination times: smaller animals heated up stronger than larger ones. The temperature at the surface of the shell significantly depended on the illumination period and the time of day. An AIC-based quality assessment of multiple linear modelling showed that, for explaining both shell surface and internal temperature of the soft body, several factors, i.e., exposure time, daytime, shell size and colouration contributed to the best models, respectively. Similarly, heat loss of the soft body after and during exposure of the snails to sunlight by a constant airflow depended on the initial body temperature, shell size, colouration and ambient air temperature. Our study revealed also the importance of both shell size and colouration for the loss of body temperature under natural conditions: small and banded animals that had heated up to temperatures above 30°C cooled down faster than large and un-banded ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knigge
- Normandy University, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I02 SEBIO, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, F-76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Maddalena A Di Lellis
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tiphaine Monsinjon
- Normandy University, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I02 SEBIO, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Kubicka AM, Rosin ZM, Tryjanowski P, Nelson E. A systematic review of animal predation creating pierced shells: implications for the archaeological record of the Old World. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2903. [PMID: 28123913 PMCID: PMC5244880 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The shells of molluscs survive well in many sedimentary contexts and yield information about the diet of prehistoric humans. They also yield evidence of symbolic behaviours through their use as beads for body adornments. Researchers often analyse the location of perforations in shells to make judgements about their use as symbolic objects (e.g., beads), the assumption being that holes attributable to deliberate human behaviour are more likely to exhibit low variability in their anatomical locations, while holes attributable to natural processes yield more random perforations. However, there are non-anthropogenic factors that can cause perforations in shells and these may not be random. The aim of the study is compare the variation in holes in shells from archaeological sites from the Old World with the variation of holes in shells pierced by mollusc predators. Methods Three hundred and sixteen scientific papers were retrieved from online databases by using keywords, (e.g., ‘shell beads’; ‘pierced shells’; ‘drilling predators’); 79 of these publications enabled us to conduct a systematic review to qualitatively assess the location of the holes in the shells described in the published articles. In turn, 54 publications were used to assess the location of the holes in the shells made by non-human predators. Results Almost all archaeological sites described shells with holes in a variety of anatomical locations. High variation of hole-placement was found within the same species from the same site, as well as among sites. These results contrast with research on predatory molluscs, which tend to be more specific in where they attacked their prey. Gastropod and bivalve predators choose similar hole locations to humans. Discussion Based on figures in the analysed articles, variation in hole-location on pierced shells from archaeological sites was similar to variation in the placement of holes created by non-human animals. Importantly, we found that some predators choose similar hole locations to humans. We discuss these findings and identify factors researchers might want to consider when interpreting shells recovered from archaeological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuzanna M Rosin
- Department of Cell Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Emma Nelson
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Archeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Ligaszewski M, Pol P, Radkowska I. Observations on Growth Rates and Maturity in an Introduced Population of the Roman Snail (Helix pomatiaLinnaeus, 1758) at a Semi-Natural Site with no Natural Population. MALACOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.4002/040.059.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Williams ST. Molluscan shell colour. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1039-1058. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Fernández-López de Pablo J, Badal E, Ferrer García C, Martínez-Ortí A, Sanchis Serra A. Land snails as a diet diversification proxy during the early upper palaeolithic in Europe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104898. [PMID: 25141047 PMCID: PMC4139308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of terrestrial gastropods in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological record, it is still unknown when and how this type of invertebrate resource was incorporated into human diets. In this paper, we report the oldest evidence of land snail exploitation as a food resource in Europe dated to 31.3-26.9 ka yr cal BP from the recently discovered site of Cova de la Barriada (eastern Iberian Peninsula). Mono-specific accumulations of large Iberus alonensis land snails (Ferussac 1821) were found in three different archaeological levels in association with combustion structures, along with lithic and faunal assemblages. Using a new analytical protocol based on taphonomic, microX-Ray Diffractometer (DXR) and biometric analyses, we investigated the patterns of selection, consumption and accumulation of land snails at the site. The results display a strong mono-specific gathering of adult individuals, most of them older than 55 weeks, which were roasted in ambers of pine and juniper under 375°C. This case study uncovers new patterns of invertebrate exploitation during the Gravettian in southwestern Europe without known precedents in the Middle Palaeolithic nor the Aurignacian. In the Mediterranean context, such an early occurrence contrasts with the neighbouring areas of Morocco, France, Italy and the Balkans, where the systematic nutritional use of land snails appears approximately 10,000 years later during the Iberomaurisian and the Late Epigravettian. The appearance of this new subsistence activity in the eastern and southern regions of Spain was coeval to other demographically driven transformations in the archaeological record, suggesting different chronological patterns of resource intensification and diet broadening along the Upper Palaeolithic in the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-López de Pablo
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Zona Educacional 4 Campus Sescelades (Edifici W3), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ernestina Badal
- Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Carlos Ferrer García
- Museu de Prehistòria de València, SIP (Servei d'Investigació Prehistòrica), Diputació de València, València, Spain
| | | | - Alfred Sanchis Serra
- Museu de Prehistòria de València, SIP (Servei d'Investigació Prehistòrica), Diputació de València, València, Spain
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Książkiewicz Z, Kiaszewicz K, Gotdyn B. Microhabitat Requirements of Five Rare Vertiginid Species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Vertiginidae) in Wetlands of Western Poland. MALACOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.4002/040.056.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rosin ZM, Kobak J, Lesicki A, Tryjanowski P. Differential shell strength of Cepaea nemoralis colour morphs--implications for their anti-predator defence. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2013; 100:843-51. [PMID: 23921905 PMCID: PMC3753478 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-013-1084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most spectacular evolutionary forces is predation, evidenced to stimulate polymorphism in many prey species. Shell colour polymorphism of the land snail Cepaea nemoralis is a well-known model in evolutionary research. Nevertheless, the knowledge on the ecological causes driving its evolution remains incomplete and proximal factors shaping predatory pressure on C. nemoralis morphs are unknown. We evaluated shell crushing resistance and thickness, constituting crucial snail anti-predator defences in two shell areas (the apex and labium) of eight C. nemoralis morphotypes differing in shell colour and banding pattern. A GLM showed a significant effect of shell colour, banding pattern and shell thickness on shell strength. Pink shells were stronger than yellow ones, and banded forms had stronger shells than unbanded snails. The labium (usually attacked by mice) was generally thicker and more resistant than the apex (usually crushed by birds). Thicker shells were more resistant to crushing, and the rate of shell strength increase per unit of shell thickness was greater in pink and banded individuals compared to yellow and unbanded ones. Yellow and unbanded morphs have been found to be preferred by mice in the previous studies, which suggests that shell strength may be an important trait used in prey selection by these shell-crushing predators. The differences in potential anti-predator defences among snail morphs, found in the present study, justify future research on direct effect of C. nemoralis morphs shell strength on predator selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Rosin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Shikov EV, Vinogradov AA. Dispersal of terrestrial gastropods by birds during the nesting period. FOLIA MALACOLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.12657/folmal.021.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Surmacki A, Ożarowska-Nowicka A, Rosin ZM. Color polymorphism in a land snail Cepaea nemoralis (Pulmonata: Helicidae) as viewed by potential avian predators. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2013; 100:533-40. [PMID: 23649558 PMCID: PMC3689469 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-013-1049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian predation is one of the most probable factors maintaining polymorphism of shell coloration in Cepaea nemoralis. This assumption is justified by the fact that birds frequently forage on snails and their prey choice varies with morph coloration. However, in all preceding studies, the conspicuousness of morphs was determined only by using human vision which is significantly different from birds' visual perception. In this study, we assessed how birds perceive colors of four Cepaea nemoralis morphs using physiological models of avian color vision. We calculated combined chromatic and achromatic contrast between shells and three habitat background types as a measure of shell conspicuousness. The degree of background color matching in Cepaea nemoralis depended on both shell morph and habitat type. On average, banded morphs were more conspicuous than unbanded morphs. Morphs were the most cryptic against dry vegetation and the most conspicuous on bare ground. We also found a significant interaction between habitat type and color morph. The relative conspicuousness of shell morphs depended on habitat and was the most variable against green vegetation. Our study provides the first insight into how potential avian predators view Cepaea nemoralis morphs. The results are discussed in light of multiple hypotheses explaining selective predation on Cepaea nemoralis morphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Surmacki
- Department of Avian Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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